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Du S, Liang Q, Shi J. Progress of ATM inhibitors: Opportunities and challenges. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 277:116781. [PMID: 39173286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) was first discovered in patients with AT (ataxia telangiectasia), which is characteristic with cerebellar degeneration, immunodeficiency, being susceptible to malignant tumors and sensitive to radiation. ATM kinase could detect DNA double-strand breaks and play a vital role in the DNA damage response. Inhibiting the function of ATM could sensitize tumor cells to both ionizing radiation (IR) and chemotherapy, as well as improve the chemoresistance and radioresistance observed in some patients. As such, ATM is a novel and important target for the cancer therapy. We reviewed ATM inhibitors reported in the last two decades, focusing on their development process, structure-activity relationships, inhibitory efficacy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics characteristics in the preclinical and clinical studies. We summarized the clinical value of ATM inhibitors in tumors and some neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the main challenges to the development of the drugs, providing directions and references for the future development of ATM inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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2
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Toma MM, Skorski T. Star wars against leukemia: attacking the clones. Leukemia 2024:10.1038/s41375-024-02369-6. [PMID: 39223295 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Leukemia, although most likely starts as a monoclonal genetic/epigenetic anomaly, is a polyclonal disease at manifestation. This polyclonal nature results from ongoing evolutionary changes in the genome/epigenome of leukemia cells to promote their survival and proliferation advantages. We discuss here how genetic and/or epigenetic aberrations alter intracellular microenvironment in individual leukemia clones and how extracellular microenvironment selects the best fitted clones. This dynamic polyclonal composition of leukemia makes designing an effective therapy a challenging task especially because individual leukemia clones often display substantial differences in response to treatment. Here, we discuss novel therapeutic approach employing single cell multiomics to identify and eradicate all individual clones in a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika M Toma
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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3
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Jeyaprakash K, Kumaran M, Kim U, Santhi R, Muthukkaruppan V, Devarajan B, Vanniarajan A. Investigating druggable kinases for targeted therapy in retinoblastoma. J Hum Genet 2024; 69:467-474. [PMID: 38956221 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-024-01267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a childhood retinal neoplasm and commonly treated with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. However, these therapeutic approaches often lead to diverse adverse effects. A precise molecular therapy will alleviate these side effects and offer better treatment outcomes. Over the years, kinases have become potential drug targets in cancer therapy. Hence, we aimed to investigate genetic alterations of putative kinase drug targets in RB. Targeted exome sequencing was performed on 35 RB tumors with paired blood samples using a gene panel consisting of 29 FDA-approved kinase genes. Single nucleotide variants were analyzed for pathogenicity using an in-house pipeline and copy number variations (CNVs) were detected by a depth of coverage and CNVPanelizer. The correlation between genetic changes and clinicopathological features was assessed using GraphPad Prism. Three somatic mutations, two in ERBB4 and one in EGFR were identified. Two of these mutations (ERBB4 c.C3836A & EGFR c.A1196T) were not reported earlier. CNV analysis revealed recurrent gains of ALK, MAP2K2, SRC, STK11, and FGFR3 as well as frequent losses of ATM, PI3KCA and ERBB4. Notably, nonresponsive tumors had a higher incidence of amplifications in clinically actionable genes such as ALK. Moreover, ALK gain and ATM loss were strongly correlated with optic nerve head invasion. In conclusion, our study revealed genetic alterations of druggable kinases in RB, providing preliminary insights for the exploration of kinase-targeted therapy in RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Jeyaprakash
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, India
- Department of Molecular Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Affiliated to Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manojkumar Kumaran
- Department of Bioinformatics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, India
| | - Usha Kim
- Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty and Oncology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India
| | | | | | | | - Ayyasamy Vanniarajan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, India.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Affiliated to Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
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4
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Elvebakken H, Venizelos A, Perren A, Couvelard A, Lothe IMB, Hjortland GO, Myklebust TÅ, Svensson J, Garresori H, Kersten C, Hofsli E, Detlefsen S, Vestermark LW, Knappskog S, Sorbye H. Treatment outcome according to genetic tumour alterations and clinical characteristics in digestive high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:676-684. [PMID: 38909137 PMCID: PMC11333587 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02773-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy has limited efficacy in advanced digestive high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms (HG-NEN) and prognosis is dismal. Predictive markers for palliative chemotherapy are lacking, and prognostic markers are limited. METHODS Digestive HG-NEN patients (n = 229) were prospectively included 2013-2017. Pathological re-assessment revealed 188 neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) and 41 neuroendocrine tumours (NET G3). Tumour-DNA was sequenced across 360 cancer-related genes, assessing mutations (mut) and copy number alterations. We linked sequencing results to clinical information and explored potential markers for first-line chemotherapy efficacy and survival. RESULTS In NEC given cis/carboplatin and etoposide (PE), TP53mut predicted inferior response rate in multivariate analyses (p = 0.009) and no BRAFmut NEC showed response. In overall assessment of PE-treated NEC, no genetic alterations were prognostic for OS. For small-cell NEC, TP53mut were associated with longer OS (p = 0.011) and RB1 deletions predicted lack of immediate-progression (p = 0.003). In non-small cell NEC, APC mut were associated with immediate-progression and shorter PFS (p = 0.008/p = 0.004). For NET G3, ATRXmut, ARID1A- and ERS1 deletions were associated with shorter PFS. CONCLUSION Correlations between genetic alterations and response/immediate-progression to PE were frequent in NEC but affected PFS or OS only when subdividing for cell-type. The classification of digestive NEC into large- and small-cell seems therefore molecularly and clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege Elvebakken
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Oncology, Ålesund Hospital, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway.
| | - Andreas Venizelos
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genome-Directed Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aurel Perren
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne Couvelard
- Department of Pathology, Université Paris Cité and AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Tor Å Myklebust
- Department of Research and Innovation, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanna Svensson
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Herish Garresori
- Department of Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Christian Kersten
- Department of Research, Hospital of Southern Norway, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Eva Hofsli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Oncology, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sönke Detlefsen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Stian Knappskog
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genome-Directed Cancer Therapy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Halfdan Sorbye
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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5
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Lee JH. Targeting the ATM pathway in cancer: Opportunities, challenges and personalized therapeutic strategies. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 129:102808. [PMID: 39106770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase plays a pivotal role in orchestrating the DNA damage response, maintaining genomic stability, and regulating various cellular processes. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of ATM's structure, activation mechanisms, and various functions in cancer development, progression, and treatment. I discuss ATM's dual nature as both a tumor suppressor and potential promoter of cancer cell survival in certain contexts. The article explores the complex signaling pathways mediated by ATM, its interactions with other DNA repair mechanisms, and its influence on cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, and metabolism. I examine the clinical implications of ATM alterations, including their impact on cancer predisposition, prognosis, and treatment response. The review highlights recent advances in ATM-targeted therapies, discussing ongoing clinical trials of ATM inhibitors and their potential in combination with other treatment modalities. I also address the challenges in developing effective biomarkers for ATM activity and patient selection strategies for personalized cancer therapy. Finally, I outline future research directions, emphasizing the need for refined biomarker development, optimized combination therapies, and strategies to overcome potential resistance mechanisms. This comprehensive overview underscores the critical importance of ATM in cancer biology and its emerging potential as a therapeutic target in precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Jin G, Liu K, Guo Z, Dong Z. Precision therapy for cancer prevention by targeting carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2024. [PMID: 39140807 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer represents a major global public health burden, with new cases estimated to increase from 14 million in 2012 to 24 million by 2035. Primary prevention is an effective strategy to reduce the costs associated with cancer burden. For example, measures to ban tobacco consumption have dramatically decreased lung cancer incidence and vaccination against human papillomavirus can prevent cervical cancer development. Unfortunately, the etiological factors of many cancer types are not completely clear or are difficult to actively control; therefore, the primary prevention of such cancers is not practical. In this review, we update the progress on precision therapy by targeting the whole carcinogenesis process, especially for three high-risk groups: (1) those with chronic inflammation, (2) those with inherited germline mutations, and (3) those with precancerous lesions like polyps, gastritis, actinic keratosis or dysplasia. We believe that attenuating chronic inflammation, treating precancerous lesions, and removing high-risk tissues harboring germline mutations are precision methods for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguo Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Management, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhiping Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Management, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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7
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Nishijima A, Oda K, Hasegawa K, Koso T, Asada K, Ikeda Y, Taguchi A, Maeda D, Nagae G, Tsuji S, Tatsuno K, Uehara Y, Kurosaki A, Sato S, Tanikawa M, Sone K, Mori M, Ikemura M, Fujiwara K, Ushiku T, Osuga Y, Aburatani H. Integrated genomic/epigenomic analysis stratifies subtypes of clear cell ovarian carcinoma, highlighting their cellular origin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18797. [PMID: 39138354 PMCID: PMC11322660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The cellular origin of clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC), a major histological subtype of ovarian carcinoma remains elusive. Here, we explored the candidate cellular origin and identify molecular subtypes using integrated genomic/epigenomic analysis. We performed whole exome-sequencing, microarray, and DNA methylation array in 78 CCOC samples according to the original diagnosis. The findings revealed that ARID1A and/or PIK3CA mutations were mutually exclusive with DNA repair related genes, including TP53, BRCA1, and ATM. Clustering of CCOC and other ovarian carcinomas (n = 270) with normal tissues from the fallopian tube, ovarian surface epithelium, endometrial epithelium, and pelvic peritoneum mesothelium (PPM) in a methylation array showed that major CCOC subtypes (with ARID1A and/or PIK3CA mutations) were associated with the PPM-lile cluster (n = 64). This cluster was sub-divided into three clusters: (1) mismatch repair (MMR) deficient with tumor mutational burden-high (n = 2), (2) alteration of ARID1A (n = 51), and (3) ARID1A wild-type (n = 11). The remaining samples (n = 14) were subdivided into (4) ovarian surface epithelium-like (n = 11) and (5) fallopian tube-like (considered as high-grade serous histotype; n = 3). Among these, subtypes (1-3) and others (4 and 5) were found to be associated with immunoreactive signatures and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, respectively. These results contribute to the stratification of CCOC into biological subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nishijima
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Division of Integrative Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Koso
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Asada
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Maeda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Genta Nagae
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Tsuji
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tatsuno
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Uehara
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kurosaki
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sho Sato
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenbun Sone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuyo Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Ikemura
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Varadhan V, Manikandan MS, Nagarajan A, Palaniyandi T, Ravi M, Sankareswaran SK, Baskar G, Wahab MRA, Surendran H. Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) gene signaling pathways in human cancers and their therapeutic implications. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155447. [PMID: 38981349 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted disease driven by abnormal cell growth and poses a significant global health threat. The multifactorial causes, differences in individual susceptibility to therapeutic drugs, and induced drug resistance pose major challenges in addressing cancers effectively. One of the most important aspects in making cancers highly heterogeneous in their physiology lies in the genes involved and the changes occurring to some of these genes in malignant conditions. The Genetic factors have been implicated in the oncogenesis, progression, responses to treatment, and metastasis. One such gene that plays a key role in human cancers is the mutated form of the Ataxia-telangiectasia gene (ATM). ATM gene located on chromosome 11q23, plays a vital role in maintaining genomic stability. Understanding the genetic basis of A-T is crucial for diagnosis, management, and treatment. Breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and gastric cancer exhibit varying relationships with the ATM gene and influence their pathways. Targeting the ATM pathway proves promising for enhancing treatment effectiveness, especially in conjunction with DNA damage response pathways. Analyzing the therapeutic consequences of ATM mutations, especially in these cancer types facilitates the approaches for early detection, intervention, development of personalized treatment approaches, and improved patient outcomes. This review emphasizes the role of the ATM gene in various cancers, highlighting its impact on DNA repair pathways and therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Varadhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Monica Shri Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Akshaya Nagarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India; Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Maddaly Ravi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthil Kumar Sankareswaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gomathy Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India
| | | | - Hemapreethi Surendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India
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9
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Zhang Z, Chen M, Peng X. Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing identifies a signature based on drug response genes to predict prognosis and therapeutic response in ovarian cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33367. [PMID: 39040239 PMCID: PMC11260940 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer represents a severe gynecological malignancy with a dire prognosis, underscoring the imperative need for dependable biomarkers that can accurately predict drug response and guide therapeutic choices. In this study, we harnessed online single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) datasets, applying the Scissor algorithm to identify cells responsive to paclitaxel. From these cells, we derived a gene signature, subsequently used to construct a prognostic model that demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in predicting patient outcomes. Moreover, we conducted pathway and functional enrichment analyses to uncover potential molecular mechanisms driving the prognostic gene signature. This study illustrates the critical role of scRNAseq and bulk RNAseq in developing precise prognostic models for ovarian cancer, potentially transforming clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhenWei Zhang
- Jinjiang Municipal Hospital(Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian Campus), No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - MianMian Chen
- Jinjiang Municipal Hospital(Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian Campus), No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - XiaoLian Peng
- Jinjiang Municipal Hospital(Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian Campus), No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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10
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Zeng X, Lu Y, Zeng T, Liu W, Huang W, Yu T, Tang X, Huang P, Li B, Wei H. RNA demethylase FTO participates in malignant progression of gastric cancer by regulating SP1-AURKB-ATM pathway. Commun Biol 2024; 7:800. [PMID: 38956367 PMCID: PMC11220007 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the 5th most prevalent cancer and the 4th primary cancer-associated mortality globally. As the first identified m6A demethylase for removing RNA methylation modification, fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) plays instrumental roles in cancer development. Therefore, we study the biological functions and oncogenic mechanisms of FTO in GC tumorigenesis and progression. In our study, FTO expression is obviously upregulated in GC tissues and cells. The upregulation of FTO is associated with advanced nerve invasion, tumor size, and LNM, as well as the poor prognosis in GC patients, and promoted GC cell viability, colony formation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, FTO targeted specificity protein 1 and Aurora Kinase B, resulting in the phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and P38 and dephosphorylation of P53. In conclusion, the m6A demethylase FTO promotes GC tumorigenesis and progression by regulating the SP1-AURKB-ATM pathway, which may highlight the potential of FTO as a diagnostic biomarker for GC patients' therapy response and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Taohui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Weicai Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Xuerui Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Panpan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China.
| | - Hulai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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11
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Yedla P, Bhamidipati P, Syed R, Amanchy R. Working title: Molecular involvement of p53-MDM2 interactome in gastrointestinal cancers. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4075. [PMID: 38924101 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and p53, marked by transcriptional induction and feedback inhibition, orchestrates a functional loop dictating cellular fate. The functional loop comprising p53-MDM2 axis is made up of an interactome consisting of approximately 81 proteins, which are spatio-temporally regulated and involved in DNA repair mechanisms. Biochemical and genetic alterations of the interactome result in dysregulation of the p53-mdm2 axis that leads to gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. A large subset of interactome is well known and it consists of proteins that either stabilize p53 or MDM2 and proteins that target the p53-MDM2 complex for ubiquitin-mediated destruction. Upstream signaling events brought about by growth factors and chemical messengers invoke a wide variety of posttranslational modifications in p53-MDM2 axis. Biochemical changes in the transactivation domain of p53 impact the energy landscape, induce conformational switching, alter interaction potential and could change solubility of p53 to redefine its co-localization, translocation and activity. A diverse set of chemical compounds mimic physiological effectors and simulate biochemical modifications of the p53-MDM2 interactome. p53-MDM2 interactome plays a crucial role in DNA damage and repair process. Genetic aberrations in the interactome, have resulted in cancers of GI tract (pancreas, liver, colorectal, gastric, biliary, and esophageal). We present in this article a review of the overall changes in the p53-MDM2 interactors and the effectors that form an epicenter for the development of next-generation molecules for understanding and targeting GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornachandra Yedla
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pranav Bhamidipati
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Riyaz Syed
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramars Amanchy
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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12
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Akhoundova D, Francica P, Rottenberg S, Rubin MA. DNA Damage Response and Mismatch Repair Gene Defects in Advanced and Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Adv Anat Pathol 2024; 31:61-69. [PMID: 38008971 PMCID: PMC10846598 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) and related genes are present in up to 25% of advanced prostate cancers (PCa). Most frequently altered genes are involved in the homologous recombination repair, the Fanconi anemia, and the mismatch repair pathways, and their deficiencies lead to a highly heterogeneous spectrum of DDR-deficient phenotypes. More than half of these alterations concern non- BRCA DDR genes. From a therapeutic perspective, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors have demonstrated robust clinical efficacy in tumors with BRCA2 and BRCA1 alterations. Mismatch repair-deficient PCa, and a subset of CDK12-deficient PCa, are vulnerable to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Emerging data point to the efficacy of ATR inhibitors in PCa with ATM deficiencies. Still, therapeutic implications are insufficiently clarified for most of the non- BRCA DDR alterations, and no successful targeted treatment options have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Akhoundova
- Department for BioMedical Research
- Department of Medical Oncology
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Francica
- Department for BioMedical Research
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Department for BioMedical Research
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark A. Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Kamaraju S, Conroy M, Harris A, Georgen M, Min H, Powell M, Kurzrock R. Challenges to genetic testing for germline mutations associated with breast cancer among African Americans. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 124:102695. [PMID: 38325071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Inequities in preventive cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment, and inferior cancer outcomes continue to pose challenges across the cancer continuum. While the exact reasons for these inferior outcomes are unknown, multiple barriers to various domains of social determinants of health (SDOH) play a vital role, leading to inequities in cancer care. These include barriers to transportation, housing, and food insecurities, contributing to delays in preventive screening and treatment. Furthermore, aggressive biologies also exist across various racial profiles with accompanying germline mutations. For example, African Americans (AAs) have a higher incidence of triple-negative breast cancer subtype and a high prevalence of BRCA1/2 gene mutations, increasing the risk of multiple cancers, warranting high-risk screening for these populations. Unfortunately, other barriers, such as financial insecurities, low health literacy rates, and lack of awareness, lead to delays in cancer screening and genetic testing, even with available high-risk screening and risk reduction procedures. In addition, physicians receive minimal interdisciplinary training to address genetic assessment, interpretation of the results, and almost no additional training in addressing the unique needs of racial minorities, leading to suboptimal delivery of genetic assessment provision resources among AAs. In this review, we discuss the confluence of factors and barriers limiting genetic testing among AAs and highlight the prevalence of germline mutations associated with increased risk of breast cancer among AAs, reflecting the need for multi-panel germline testing as well as education regarding hereditary cancer risks in underserved minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamaraju
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - M Conroy
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - A Harris
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - M Georgen
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - H Min
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - M Powell
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - R Kurzrock
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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14
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Phillips GS, Mengden-Koon S, Dhossche J, LeBoit PE, Goldstein AM, Lee I, Raffeld M, Papanicolau-Sengos A, Sargen MR, Chung J. Atypical Spitz tumor with SQSTM1::NTRK2 fusion: Report of a case with unique spindled cell features. J Cutan Pathol 2024; 51:198-204. [PMID: 38031352 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A host of signature genetic alterations have been demonstrated in Spitz neoplasms, most notably fusions of kinase genes (including BRAF, ALK, ROS1, NTRK1, NTRK3, RET, MET, MAP3K8) or variants in HRAS. While there are multiple reports of rearrangements involving NTRK1 and NTRK3 in Spitz tumors, there are very few reports of NTRK2-rearranged Spitz nevi in the literature. This report presents an NTRK2-rearranged atypical Spitz tumor with spindled cell features. The patient was a 6-year-old female with a growing pigmented papule on the back. Histopathological evaluation revealed an asymmetric, biphasic, compound proliferation of melanocytes featuring an epithelioid cell population arranged as variably sized nests and single cells along the basal layer with extension down adnexa, as well as a population of spindled melanocytes with desmoplastic features and loss of Melan-A expression in the dermis. There was partial loss of p16 expression in the epidermal component and diffuse loss in the dermal component. Immunohistochemistry for PRAME, ALK, NTRK1, HRAS Q61R, p53, and BRAF V600E were negative. A SQSTM1::NTRK2 fusion was identified by RNA sequencing. No TERT promoter hotspot variants were detected. This case report expands the known histopathologic spectrum of genetic alterations in Spitz neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Phillips
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Julie Dhossche
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Philip E LeBoit
- Dermatopathology and Oral Pathology Service, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ina Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Antonios Papanicolau-Sengos
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael R Sargen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jina Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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15
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Barili V, Ambrosini E, Bortesi B, Minari R, De Sensi E, Cannizzaro IR, Taiani A, Michiara M, Sikokis A, Boggiani D, Tommasi C, Serra O, Bonatti F, Adorni A, Luberto A, Caggiati P, Martorana D, Uliana V, Percesepe A, Musolino A, Pellegrino B. Genetic Basis of Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Approaches and Lessons Learnt from Three Decades of Inherited Predisposition Testing. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:219. [PMID: 38397209 PMCID: PMC10888198 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Germline variants occurring in BRCA1 and BRCA2 give rise to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome, predisposing to breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers marked by elevated incidences of genomic aberrations that correspond to poor prognoses. These genes are in fact involved in genetic integrity, particularly in the process of homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair, a high-fidelity repair system for mending DNA double-strand breaks. In addition to its implication in HBOC pathogenesis, the impairment of HR has become a prime target for therapeutic intervention utilizing poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. In the present review, we introduce the molecular roles of HR orchestrated by BRCA1 and BRCA2 within the framework of sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. We examine the genetic architecture underneath breast and ovarian cancer ranging from high- and mid- to low-penetrant predisposing genes and taking into account both germline and somatic variations. Finally, we consider higher levels of complexity of the genomic landscape such as polygenic risk scores and other approaches aiming to optimize therapeutic and preventive strategies for breast and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Barili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Ambrosini
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bortesi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Minari
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Erika De Sensi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Taiani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Michiara
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Angelica Sikokis
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Boggiani
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Tommasi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Olga Serra
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonatti
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessia Adorni
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Anita Luberto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Davide Martorana
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Vera Uliana
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Percesepe
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Antonino Musolino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pellegrino
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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16
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Chen H, Fang X, Shao J, Zhang Q, Xu L, Chen J, Mei Y, Jiang M, Wang Y, Li Z, Chen Z, Chen Y, Yu C, Ma L, Zhang P, Zhang T, Liao Y, Lv Y, Wang X, Yang L, Fu Y, Chen D, Jiang L, Yan F, Lu W, Chen G, Shen H, Wang J, Wang C, Liang T, Han X, Wang Y, Guo G. Pan-Cancer Single-Nucleus Total RNA Sequencing Using snHH-Seq. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304755. [PMID: 38010945 PMCID: PMC10837386 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity and its drivers impair tumor progression and cancer therapy. Single-cell RNA sequencing is used to investigate the heterogeneity of tumor ecosystems. However, most methods of scRNA-seq amplify the termini of polyadenylated transcripts, making it challenging to perform total RNA analysis and somatic mutation analysis.Therefore, a high-throughput and high-sensitivity method called snHH-seq is developed, which combines random primers and a preindex strategy in the droplet microfluidic platform. This innovative method allows for the detection of total RNA in single nuclei from clinically frozen samples. A robust pipeline to facilitate the analysis of full-length RNA-seq data is also established. snHH-seq is applied to more than 730 000 single nuclei from 32 patients with various tumor types. The pan-cancer study enables it to comprehensively profile data on the tumor transcriptome, including expression levels, mutations, splicing patterns, clone dynamics, etc. New malignant cell subclusters and exploring their specific function across cancers are identified. Furthermore, the malignant status of epithelial cells is investigated among different cancer types with respect to mutation and splicing patterns. The ability to detect full-length RNA at the single-nucleus level provides a powerful tool for studying complex biological systems and has broad implications for understanding tumor pathology.
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Atkinson C, McInerney-Leo AM, Proctor M, Lanagan C, Stevenson AJ, Dehkhoda F, Caole M, Maas E, Ainger S, Pritchard AL, Johansson PA, Leo P, Hayward NK, Sturm RA, Duncan EL, Gabrielli B. The ATM Ser49Cys Variant Effects ATM Function as a Regulator of Oncogene-Induced Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1664. [PMID: 38338943 PMCID: PMC10855307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An apical component of the cell cycle checkpoint and DNA damage repair response is the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) Ser/Thr protein kinase. A variant of ATM, Ser49Cys (rs1800054; minor allele frequency = 0.011), has been associated with an elevated risk of melanoma development; however, the functional consequence of this variant is not defined. ATM-dependent signalling in response to DNA damage has been assessed in a panel of patient-derived lymphoblastoid lines and primary human melanocytic cell strains heterozygous for the ATM Ser49Cys variant allele. The ATM Ser49Cys allele appears functional for acute p53-dependent signalling in response to DNA damage. Expression of the variant allele did reduce the efficacy of oncogene expression in inducing senescence. These findings demonstrate that the ATM 146C>G Ser49Cys allele has little discernible effect on the acute response to DNA damage but has reduced function observed in the chronic response to oncogene over-expression. Analysis of melanoma, naevus and skin colour genomics and GWAS analyses have demonstrated no association of this variant with any of these outcomes. The modest loss of function detected suggest that the variant may act as a modifier of other variants of ATM/p53-dependent signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Atkinson
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Aideen M. McInerney-Leo
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Martina Proctor
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Catherine Lanagan
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | | | - Farhad Dehkhoda
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Mary Caole
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ellie Maas
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Stephen Ainger
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Antonia L. Pritchard
- Queensland Institute for Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Peter A. Johansson
- Queensland Institute for Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Paul Leo
- Centre of Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Nicholas K. Hayward
- Queensland Institute for Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Richard A. Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Emma L. Duncan
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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18
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Bou Malhab LJ, Nair VA, Qaisar R, Pintus G, Abdel-Rahman WM. Towards Understanding the Development of Breast Cancer: The Role of RhoJ in the Obesity Microenvironment. Cells 2024; 13:174. [PMID: 38247865 PMCID: PMC10814036 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing pandemic with an increasing risk of inducing different cancer types, including breast cancer. Adipose tissue is proposed to be a major player in the initiation and progression of breast cancer in obese people. However, the mechanistic link between adipogenicity and tumorigenicity in breast tissues is poorly understood. We used in vitro and in vivo approaches to investigate the mechanistic relationship between obesity and the onset and progression of breast cancer. In obesity, adipose tissue expansion and remodeling are associated with increased inflammatory mediator's release and anti-inflammatory mediators' reduction.. In order to mimic the obesity micro-environment, we cultured cells in an enriched pro-inflammatory cytokine medium to which we added a low concentration of beneficial adipokines. Epithelial cells exposed to the obesity micro-environment were phenotypically transformed into mesenchymal-like cells, characterized by an increase in different mesenchymal markers and the acquisition of the major hallmarks of cancerous cells; these include sustained DNA damage, the activation of the ATR-Chk2 pathway, an increase in proliferation rate, cell invasion, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that several genes, including RhoJ, CCL7, and MMP9, acted as potential major players in the observed phenomenon. The transcriptomics findings were confirmed in vitro using qRT-PCR and in vivo using high-fat-diet-fed mice. Our data suggests RhoJ as a potential novel molecular driver of tumor development in breast tissues and a mediator of cell resistance to conventional chemotherapy through PAK1 activation. These data propose that RhoJ is a potential target for therapeutic interventions in obese breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara J. Bou Malhab
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Vidhya A. Nair
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Wael M. Abdel-Rahman
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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19
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Cui S, Chen T, Zhao Y, Xiao Z, Liu M, Huang X, Cao S, Zhou R, Li Y, Huo X, Wang N. Identification of ATM Mutation as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:501-509. [PMID: 38804343 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096250376231025062652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), an apical DNA damage response gene, is a commonly mutated gene in tumors, and its mutation could strengthen tumor immunogenicity and alter the expression of PD-L1, which potentially contributes to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy. METHODS The characteristics of ATM mutation and its relationship with the ICIs-treated clinical prognosis have been analyzed comprehensively in this paper. The overall frequency of ATM mutations has been found to be 4% (554/10953) in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) cohort. RESULTS Both the TMB and MSI levels in patients with ATM mutations were significantly higher than those in patients without mutations (P < 0.0001). The median TMB was positively correlated with the frequency of ATM mutations (r = 0.54, P = 0.003). In the TCGA cohort, patients with ATM mutations had better clinical benefits in terms of overall survival (OS, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.736, 95% CI = 0.623 - 0.869), progression-free survival (PFS, HR = 0.761, 95% CI = 0.652 - 0.889), and disease-free survival (DFS, HR = 0.686, 95% CI = 0.512 - 0.919)] than patients without ATM mutations. Subsequently, the verification results showed ATM mutations to be significantly correlated with longer OS in ICIs-treated patients (HR = 0.710, 95% CI = 0.544 - 0.928). Further exploration indicated ATM mutation to be significantly associated with regulated anti-tumor immunity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the value of ATM mutation as a promising biomarker to predict ICIs therapy in multiple tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saijin Cui
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yaning Zhao
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhuoyun Xiao
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Meitong Liu
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shiru Cao
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Rongmiao Zhou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - You Li
- Hospital Infection Control Division, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangran Huo
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Na Wang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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20
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Lendinez-Sanchez G, Diaz-Redondo T, Campos MI, Porta Pelayo J, Porta Pelayo JM, Muriel-López C. ATM Variant as a Cause of Hereditary Cutaneous Melanoma in a Spanish Family: Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2024; 17:386-391. [PMID: 38415270 PMCID: PMC10898853 DOI: 10.1159/000536105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) is a cancer predisposition gene; carriers of germline pathogenic variants have an increased risk of developing malignancies, including breast, prostate, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer. Most ATM variants are of uncertain significance. Findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) suggest that ATM may be a low-risk melanoma susceptibility locus. Case Report We report the case of a Hispanic family whose members who have presented cutaneous melanoma have been found to be carriers for the ATM pathogenic variant c.3747-1G>C (rs730881364), one of whom was diagnosed at 24 years old. Discussion We describe for the first time the possible clinical association between ATM (c.3747-1G>C) and familial melanoma. In silico splice site analysis predicts that this alteration will weaken the native splice acceptor site and will result in the creation or strengthening of a novel splice acceptor site, assuming a variant that entails loss of functionality that is probably pathogenic and related to oncogenesis. However, we cannot exclude that cutaneous melanoma in both members and at an early age is the result of chance, environmental interaction, other uncontrolled external factors, or the interaction of other genetic alterations other than the ATM variant described in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Lendinez-Sanchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Tamara Diaz-Redondo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Marcos Iglesias Campos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Carolina Muriel-López
- Department of Medical Oncology, Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
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Xiong M, Wang X, Liu D, Xiu B, Zhang Q, Chi W, Goh CW, Zhang L, Chen M, Ren H, Shao Z, Yang B, Wu J. Somatic mutations in a multigene panel and impact on prognosis based on TP53 status in Chinese HER2-positive patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy: A single-institution retrospective cohort. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6955. [PMID: 38379328 PMCID: PMC10832311 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene mutations play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of tumors, particularly in breast cancer (BC). Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has shown greater clinical benefit in HER2-positive breast cancer. However, further clinical investigation is needed to fully understand the correlation between genetic mutations and NAT efficacy and the long-term prognosis in HER2-positive BC. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 222 patients receiving NAT between 2017 and 2021 in the Department of Breast Surgery of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Tumor samples from these patients were subjected to Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to analyze mutations in 513 cancer-related genes. This study aimed to investigate the association between these genetic mutations and postoperative pathological complete response (pCR), as well as their impact on disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS In total, 48.65% patients reached pCR, ER-negative status (p < 0.001), PR-negative status (p < 0.001), Ki67 ≥ 20 (p = 0.011), and dual-targeted therapy (p < 0.001) were all associated with enhanced pCR rates. The frequency of somatic alterations in TP53 (60%), PIK3CA (15%), and ERBB2 (11%) was highest. In the HER2+/HR- cohort, patients who achieved pCR had a significant benefit in prognosis (HR = 3.049, p = 0.0498). KMT2C (p = 0.036) and TP53 (p = 0.037) mutations were significantly increased in patients with DFS events. Moreover, TP53 mutations had prognostic significance in HER2-positive BC patients with HR-negative (HR = 3.712, p = 0.027) and pCR (HR = 6.253, p = 0.027) status and who received herceptin-only targeted therapy (HR = 4.145, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The genetic mutation profiles of Chinese HER2+ patients who received NAT were discrepant with respect to HR status or DFS events. TP53 mutations have significant prognostic value in patients with NAT for HER2-positive BC and patients benefit differently depending on HR status, the neoadjuvant regimen and response, which highlights the significance of genetic factors in treatment customization based on individual genetic and clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Xuliren Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Douwaner Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Bingqiu Xiu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Weiru Chi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Chih Wan Goh
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Hengyu Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Zhi‐Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Benlong Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Jiong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineShanghaiChina
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22
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Bilyalov A, Danishevich A, Nikolaev S, Vorobyov N, Abramov I, Pismennaya E, Terehova S, Kosilova Y, Primak A, Stanoevich U, Lisica T, Shipulin G, Gamayunov S, Kolesnikova E, Khatkov I, Gusev O, Bodunova N. Novel Pathogenic Variants in Hereditary Cancer Syndromes in a Highly Heterogeneous Cohort of Patients: Insights from Multigene Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:85. [PMID: 38201513 PMCID: PMC10778304 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major global public health challenge, affecting both quality of life and mortality. Recent advances in genetic research have uncovered hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS) that predispose individuals to malignant neoplasms. While traditional single-gene testing has focused on high-penetrance genes, the past decade has seen a shift toward multigene panels, which facilitate the analysis of multiple genes associated with specific HCS. This approach reveals variants in less-studied gene regions and improves our understanding of cancer predisposition. In a study composed of Russian patients with clinical signs of HCS, we used a multigene hereditary cancer panel and revealed 21.6% individuals with pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants. BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations predominated, followed by the CHEK2 and ATM variants. Of note, 16 previously undescribed variants were identified in the MUTYH, GALNT12, MSH2, MLH1, MLH3, EPCAM, and POLE genes. The implications of the study extend to personalized cancer prevention and treatment strategies, especially in populations lacking extensive epidemiological data, such as Russia. Overall, our research provides valuable genetic insights that give the way for further investigation and advances in the understanding and management of hereditary cancer syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airat Bilyalov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
| | - Anastasiia Danishevich
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
| | - Sergey Nikolaev
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
| | - Nikita Vorobyov
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
| | - Ivan Abramov
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
- The Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”, 105275 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana Terehova
- Kursk Regional Scientific and Clinical Center Named after G. Y. Ostroverkhov, 305524 Kursk, Russia; (S.T.); (Y.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Yuliya Kosilova
- Kursk Regional Scientific and Clinical Center Named after G. Y. Ostroverkhov, 305524 Kursk, Russia; (S.T.); (Y.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Anastasiia Primak
- Kursk Regional Scientific and Clinical Center Named after G. Y. Ostroverkhov, 305524 Kursk, Russia; (S.T.); (Y.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Uglesha Stanoevich
- Kursk Regional Scientific and Clinical Center Named after G. Y. Ostroverkhov, 305524 Kursk, Russia; (S.T.); (Y.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Tatyana Lisica
- Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - German Shipulin
- Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Gamayunov
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncologic Hospital, 603163 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena Kolesnikova
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncologic Hospital, 603163 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Igor Khatkov
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Bodunova
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
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23
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Zhang A, Zhang L, Xie X, Liu D. Inhibition of ATM with KU-55933 Sensitizes Endometrial Cancer Cell Lines to Olaparib. Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:1061-1071. [PMID: 38144904 PMCID: PMC10748556 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s426923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most prevalent gynecologic cancers, which poses a serious threat to women's health worldwide. Olaparib, the first FDA-approved PARP inhibitor for the treatment of BRCA-mutated breast, ovarian and pancreatic cancers, triggers apoptosis of cancer cells through synthetic lethality by inhibiting PARP1/2 enzymatic activity and BRCA1/2-dependent homologous recombination (HR) repair deficiency. However, the synergistic lethal effects between Olaparib and inhibitors of other DNA damage response proteins, such as ATM, PTEN and RAD51, are still unknown. Aim Exploring the synergistic lethal effect between Olaparib and KU-55933 on EC. Methods The GEPIA database was used to test EC patient survival rate. CCK8 was used for cell viability assays. Western blot was used for examining gene levels. The wound healing assay was used to detect cell migration ability. Flow cytometry was used for detecting the apoptosis rate. All experimental conditions were repeated independently in triplicate and analyzed in three separate experiments. Results In this study, we discovered that the frequency of ATM alterations in endometrial cancer reaches nearly 20% and that there is a positive correlation between ATM alterations and prognosis. Furthermore, we discovered that endometrial cells with low expression levels of ATM are sensitive to Olaparib. Treatment with KU-55933, a specific inhibitor of ATM, significantly enhanced the sensitivity of endometrial cancer cells to Olaparib, as evidenced by colony formation, cell migration and apoptosis assay. Further analysis revealed that KU-55933 potentiates Olaparib-induced cell apoptosis by inhibiting ATM phosphorylation. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that inhibiting ATM could enhance the sensitivity of endometrial cancer to Olaparib, thereby providing a potential alternative treatment for the clinical treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqing Zhang
- Gynaecology Department, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- Gynaecology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Xie
- Gynaecology Department, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Gynaecology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China
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Elkoshi N, Parikh S, Malcov-Brog H, Parikh R, Manich P, Netti F, Maliah A, Elkoshi H, Haj M, Rippin I, Frand J, Perluk T, Haiat-Factor R, Golan T, Regev-Rudzki N, Kiper E, Brenner R, Gonen P, Dror I, Levi H, Hameiri O, Cohen-Gulkar M, Eldar-Finkelman H, Ast G, Nizri E, Ziv Y, Elkon R, Khaled M, Ebenstein Y, Shiloh Y, Levy C. Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Signaling Delays Skin Pigmentation upon UV Exposure by Mediating MITF Function toward DNA Repair Mode. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2494-2506.e4. [PMID: 37236596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Skin pigmentation is paused after sun exposure; however, the mechanism behind this pausing is unknown. In this study, we found that the UVB-induced DNA repair system, led by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase, represses MITF transcriptional activity of pigmentation genes while placing MITF in DNA repair mode, thus directly inhibiting pigment production. Phosphoproteomics analysis revealed ATM to be the most significantly enriched pathway among all UVB-induced DNA repair systems. ATM inhibition in mouse or human skin, either genetically or chemically, induces pigmentation. Upon UVB exposure, MITF transcriptional activation is blocked owing to ATM-dependent phosphorylation of MITF on S414, which modifies MITF activity and interactome toward DNA repair, including binding to TRIM28 and RBBP4. Accordingly, MITF genome occupancy is enriched in sites of high DNA damage that are likely repaired. This suggests that ATM harnesses the pigmentation key activator for the necessary rapid, efficient DNA repair, thus optimizing the chances of the cell surviving. Data are available from ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD041121.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Elkoshi
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shivang Parikh
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagar Malcov-Brog
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roma Parikh
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paulee Manich
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Francesca Netti
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avishai Maliah
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hana Elkoshi
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Majd Haj
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Rippin
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Frand
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Tomer Perluk
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Rivi Haiat-Factor
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Tamar Golan
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edo Kiper
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ronen Brenner
- Institute of Oncology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Pinchas Gonen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Dror
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Loss Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hagai Levi
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofir Hameiri
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mazal Cohen-Gulkar
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagit Eldar-Finkelman
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Ast
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Nizri
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Ichilov, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Ziv
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rani Elkon
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mehdi Khaled
- INSERM 1186, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Yuval Ebenstein
- School of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yosef Shiloh
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Carmit Levy
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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25
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Li Q, Zhou J, Li S, Zhang W, Du Y, Li K, Wang Y, Sun Q. DNA polymerase ε harmonizes topological states and R-loops formation to maintain genome integrity in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7763. [PMID: 38012183 PMCID: PMC10682485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome topology is tied to R-loop formation and genome stability. However, the regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. By establishing a system to sense the connections between R-loops and genome topology states, we show that inhibiting DNA topoisomerase 1 (TOP1i) triggers the global increase of R-loops (called topoR-loops) and DNA damages, which are exacerbated in the DNA damage repair-compromised mutant atm. A suppressor screen identifies a mutation in POL2A, the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase ε, rescuing the TOP1i-induced topoR-loop accumulation and genome instability in atm. Importantly we find that a highly conserved junction domain between the exonuclease and polymerase domains in POL2A is required for modulating topoR-loops near DNA replication origins and facilitating faithful DNA replication. Our results suggest that DNA replication acts in concert with genome topological states to fine-tune R-loops and thereby maintain genome integrity, revealing a likely conserved regulatory mechanism of TOP1i resistance in chemotherapy for ATM-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jincong Zhou
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yingxue Du
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kuan Li
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yingxiang Wang
- College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Morden Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qianwen Sun
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China.
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26
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Zhou Y, Börcsök J, Adib E, Kamran SC, Neil AJ, Stawiski K, Freeman D, Stormoen DR, Sztupinszki Z, Samant A, Nassar A, Bekele RT, Hanlon T, Valentine H, Epstein I, Sharma B, Felt K, Abbosh P, Wu CL, Efstathiou JA, Miyamoto DT, Anderson W, Szallasi Z, Mouw KW. ATM deficiency confers specific therapeutic vulnerabilities in bladder cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg2263. [PMID: 37992168 PMCID: PMC10664985 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) plays a central role in the cellular response to DNA damage and ATM alterations are common in several tumor types including bladder cancer. However, the specific impact of ATM alterations on therapy response in bladder cancer is uncertain. Here, we combine preclinical modeling and clinical analyses to comprehensively define the impact of ATM alterations on bladder cancer. We show that ATM loss is sufficient to increase sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents including cisplatin and radiation. Furthermore, ATM loss drives sensitivity to DNA repair-targeted agents including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) inhibitors. ATM loss alters the immune microenvironment and improves anti-PD1 response in preclinical bladder models but is not associated with improved anti-PD1/PD-L1 response in clinical cohorts. Last, we show that ATM expression by immunohistochemistry is strongly correlated with response to chemoradiotherapy. Together, these data define a potential role for ATM as a predictive biomarker in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judit Börcsök
- Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elio Adib
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophia C. Kamran
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander J. Neil
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konrad Stawiski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dory Freeman
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dag Rune Stormoen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zsofia Sztupinszki
- Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amruta Samant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amin Nassar
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Raie T. Bekele
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy Hanlon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henkel Valentine
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilana Epstein
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bijaya Sharma
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen Felt
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip Abbosh
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chin-Lee Wu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason A. Efstathiou
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David T. Miyamoto
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William Anderson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 2nd Department of Pathology, SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group and Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kent W. Mouw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Ahmad RM, Ali BR, Al-Jasmi F, Sinnott RO, Al Dhaheri N, Mohamad MS. A review of genetic variant databases and machine learning tools for predicting the pathogenicity of breast cancer. Brief Bioinform 2023; 25:bbad479. [PMID: 38149678 PMCID: PMC10782903 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies continue to uncover contributing risk factors for breast cancer (BC) development including genetic variants. Advances in machine learning and big data generated from genetic sequencing can now be used for predicting BC pathogenicity. However, it is unclear which tool developed for pathogenicity prediction is most suited for predicting the impact and pathogenicity of variant effects. A significant challenge is to determine the most suitable data source for each tool since different tools can yield different prediction results with different data inputs. To this end, this work reviews genetic variant databases and tools used specifically for the prediction of BC pathogenicity. We provide a description of existing genetic variants databases and, where appropriate, the diseases for which they have been established. Through example, we illustrate how they can be used for prediction of BC pathogenicity and discuss their associated advantages and disadvantages. We conclude that the tools that are specialized by training on multiple diverse datasets from different databases for the same disease have enhanced accuracy and specificity and are thereby more helpful to the clinicians in predicting and diagnosing BC as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahaf M Ahmad
- Health Data Science Lab, Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medical and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Tawam road, Al Maqam district, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Health Data Science Lab, Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medical and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Tawam road, Al Maqam district, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Al-Jasmi
- Health Data Science Lab, Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medical and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Tawam road, Al Maqam district, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Richard O Sinnott
- School of Computing and Information System, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noura Al Dhaheri
- Health Data Science Lab, Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medical and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Tawam road, Al Maqam district, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohd Saberi Mohamad
- Health Data Science Lab, Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medical and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Tawam road, Al Maqam district, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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28
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Sukpan P, Sangkhathat S, Sriplung H, Laochareonsuk W, Choochuen P, Auseng N, Khoonjan W, Salaeh R, Thangnaphadol K, Wanawanakorn K, Kanokwiroon K. Exome Sequencing Reveals Novel Germline Variants in Breast Cancer Patients in the Southernmost Region of Thailand. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1587. [PMID: 38003901 PMCID: PMC10672121 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline carriers of pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes are at an increased risk of breast cancer (BC). We characterized germline variants in a cohort of 151 patients diagnosed with epithelial BC in the southernmost region of Thailand, where the predominant ethnicity differs from that of the rest of the country. Whole exome sequencing was used to identify and subsequently filter variants present in 26 genes known to be associated with cancer predisposition. Of the 151 individuals assessed, 23, corresponding to 15.2% of the sample, exhibited the presence of one or more pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants associated with BC susceptibility. We identified novel germline truncating variants in BRIP1, CHEK2, MSH6, PALB2, and PTEN and annotated variants of uncertain significance (VUSs), both novel and previously documented. Therefore, it is advisable to use genetic testing as an additional risk screening method for BC in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panupong Sukpan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.S.); (W.L.); (P.C.)
- Medical Education Center, Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra Hospital, Narathiwat 96000, Thailand; (N.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.S.); (W.L.); (P.C.)
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Hutcha Sriplung
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Wison Laochareonsuk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.S.); (W.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Pongsakorn Choochuen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.S.); (W.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Nasuha Auseng
- Medical Education Center, Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra Hospital, Narathiwat 96000, Thailand; (N.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Weerawan Khoonjan
- Medical Education Center, Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra Hospital, Narathiwat 96000, Thailand; (N.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Rusta Salaeh
- Department of Surgery, Pattani Hospital, Pattani 94000, Thailand;
| | | | | | - Kanyanatt Kanokwiroon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.S.); (W.L.); (P.C.)
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29
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Jin H, Zhu J, Xuan R, Zhou Y, Xue B, Yang D, Gao J, Zang Y, Xu L. A Crosstalk Between Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells, M2 Macrophages, and NK Cells: Role of the ATM-PI3K/AKT-PD-L1 Pathway. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:941-965. [PMID: 37732622 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2258930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in males is associated with a poor prognosis and a higher risk of treatment-related adverse effects, with high mortality among cancers globally. It is thus imperative to explore novel potential molecules with dual therapeutic and biomarker functions. Based on the recent research findings, the expression levels of ataxia telangiectasia mutant kinase (ATM) in prostate cancer (PC) tissues collected from CRPC patients were higher than hormone-dependent PC patients. Using CRPC cell lines (C4-2 and CWR22Rv1), the transwell chamber experiments revealed ATM promoted macrophage recruitment in CRPC cells in vitro via C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12). Further in vitro investigations demonstrated that polarized macrophages prevented NK cell recruitment and reduced the immunocidal activity of NK cells against CRPC cell lines. Moreover, ATM boosted programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression while inhibiting NK group 2D (NKG2D) ligand expression in selected cell lines via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The in vivo investigations revealed ATM induced proliferation of CRPC and macrophage recruitment, while the NK cell recruitment was found to suppress ATM expression and CRPC proliferation. In conclusion, it could be demonstrated that inhibiting ATM increased the susceptibility of CRPC to NK cell inhibitors by dampening the CXCL12 and PI3K/AKT-PD-L1 pathways, thereby offering a novel and individualized treatment protocol for treating CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Xuan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yibin Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Boxin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongrong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yachen Zang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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30
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Xu Y, Spear S, Ma Y, Lorentzen MP, Gruet M, McKinney F, Xu Y, Wickremesinghe C, Shepherd MR, McNeish I, Keun HC, Nijhuis A. Pharmacological depletion of RNA splicing factor RBM39 by indisulam synergizes with PARP inhibitors in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113307. [PMID: 37858464 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common subtype of ovarian cancer with limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. In recent years, poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have demonstrated significant clinical benefits, especially in patients with BRCA1/2 mutations. However, acquired drug resistance and relapse is a major challenge. Indisulam (E7070) has been identified as a molecular glue that brings together splicing factor RBM39 and DCAF15 E3 ubiquitin ligase resulting in polyubiquitination, degradation, and subsequent RNA splicing defects. In this work, we demonstrate that the loss of RBM39 induces splicing defects in key DNA damage repair genes in ovarian cancer, leading to increased sensitivity to cisplatin and various PARP inhibitors. The addition of indisulam also improved olaparib response in mice bearing PARP inhibitor-resistant tumors. These findings demonstrate that combining RBM39 degraders and PARP inhibitors is a promising therapeutic approach to improve PARP inhibitor response in ovarian HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Xu
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Spear
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yurui Ma
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marc P Lorentzen
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Gruet
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Flora McKinney
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yitao Xu
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chiharu Wickremesinghe
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Iain McNeish
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hector C Keun
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Anke Nijhuis
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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31
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Yamanaka S, Tokimura H, Higa N, Iwamoto H, Nishimuta Y, Sueyoshi K, Yonezawa H, Tajitsu K, Akahane T, Tanimoto A, Hanaya R. Pilocytic Astrocytoma Presenting with Spontaneous Cerebellar Hemorrhage: A Case Report. NMC Case Rep J 2023; 10:303-308. [PMID: 37953905 PMCID: PMC10635899 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2023-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) are rare, accounting for 1.1%-8.0% of all PA cases. They are reported to occur more frequently in older populations, with a male predominance. In this study, we report a case of a 14-year-old boy who presented with a headache, vertigo, and diplopia. As per his brain computed tomography scan, a small hematoma was observed in the left inferior cerebellar peduncle. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed repeated minor bleeding from the lesion and mild expansion, with no neurological deficits. Four years later, the patient developed nausea, vomiting, and left abducens palsy. MRI revealed a mulberry-shaped mass surrounded by a hypointense rim, suggesting a cavernous angioma. The lesion was surgically resected via midline occipital craniotomy with the opening of the cerebellomedullary fissure. Histopathological examination of the lesion revealed PA. Next-generation sequencing analyses revealed that PAs harbored mutations in the ARID1A, ATM, and POLE genes but not in the BRAF gene. To the best of our knowledge, there are yet no reported studies on these mutations in PAs to date. Thus, PA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cerebellar hemorrhage, especially in young adults and children..
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Yamanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nayuta Higa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Iwamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nishimuta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sueyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hajime Yonezawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Tajitsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sendai Medical Association Hospital, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Akahane
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Human Genome and Gene Analysis, Kagoshima University Hospital, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Human Genome and Gene Analysis, Kagoshima University Hospital, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hanaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
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32
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Yu SH, Kim SS, Lee H, Kim S, Kang TW. Somatic Mutation of the Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Associated with Early Recurrence. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3201. [PMID: 37892022 PMCID: PMC10606398 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is widely used in muscle-invasive bladder cancer but has limited use in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) due to significant heterogeneity and high cancer-specific survival. Therefore, we evaluated the genomic information of NMIBC and identified molecular alterations associated with tumour recurrence. A total of 43 patients with NMIBC who underwent transurethral resection of the bladder were enrolled. We performed NGS using an Oncomine panel of tumour specimens and blood samples corresponding to each specimen. The somatic mutation results were analysed by pairwise comparison and logistic regression according to the recurrence of bladder tumours within 1 year. The median incidence of genetic variations in 43 tumour samples was 56 variations per sample, and a high tumour mutation burden (TMB) was associated with tumour recurrence (median variation 33 vs. 64, p = 0.023). The most mutated gene was adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) (79%), followed by neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1) (79%), and neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (NOTCH1) (79%). In multivariable analysis, mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (odds ratio [OR], 9.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-70.96; p = 0.022) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) (OR, 7.92; 95% CI, 1.22-51.51; p = 0.030) were significant factors associated with the recurrence of bladder tumour within 1 year. Our results revealed that high TMB, EGFR mutation, and TERT mutation had a significant association with tumour recurrence in NMIBC. In addition, somatic mutations in EGFR and TERT could be useful prognostic biomarkers in NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hyeon Yu
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Sun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyungki Lee
- MediCloud Corporation, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Shinseung Kim
- MediCloud Corporation, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Taek Won Kang
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea;
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33
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De Marco K, Sanese P, Simone C, Grossi V. Histone and DNA Methylation as Epigenetic Regulators of DNA Damage Repair in Gastric Cancer and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4976. [PMID: 37894343 PMCID: PMC10605360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide, is a heterogeneous disease developing from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes. One of the most critical epigenetic alterations in GC is DNA and histone methylation, which affects multiple processes in the cell nucleus, including gene expression and DNA damage repair (DDR). Indeed, the aberrant expression of histone methyltransferases and demethylases influences chromatin accessibility to the DNA repair machinery; moreover, overexpression of DNA methyltransferases results in promoter hypermethylation, which can suppress the transcription of genes involved in DNA repair. Several DDR mechanisms have been recognized so far, with homologous recombination (HR) being the main pathway involved in the repair of double-strand breaks. An increasing number of defective HR genes are emerging in GC, resulting in the identification of important determinants of therapeutic response to DDR inhibitors. This review describes how both histone and DNA methylation affect DDR in the context of GC and discusses how alterations in DDR can help identify new molecular targets to devise more effective therapeutic strategies for GC, with a particular focus on HR-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia De Marco
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Paola Sanese
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonic Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
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Guijarro F, López-Guerra M, Morata J, Bataller A, Paz S, Cornet-Masana JM, Banús-Mulet A, Cuesta-Casanovas L, Carbó JM, Castaño-Díez S, Jiménez-Vicente C, Cortés-Bullich A, Triguero A, Martínez-Roca A, Esteban D, Gómez-Hernando M, Álamo Moreno JR, López-Oreja I, Garrote M, Risueño RM, Tonda R, Gut I, Colomer D, Díaz-Beya M, Esteve J. Germ line variants in patients with acute myeloid leukemia without a suspicion of hereditary hematologic malignancy syndrome. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5799-5811. [PMID: 37450374 PMCID: PMC10561046 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023009742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Germ line predisposition in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has gained attention in recent years because of a nonnegligible frequency and an impact on management of patients and their relatives. Risk alleles for AML development may be present in patients without a clinical suspicion of hereditary hematologic malignancy syndrome. In this study we investigated the presence of germ line variants (GVs) in 288 genes related to cancer predisposition in 47 patients with available paired, tumor-normal material, namely bone marrow stroma cells (n = 29), postremission bone marrow (n = 17), and saliva (n = 1). These patients correspond to 2 broad AML categories with heterogeneous genetic background (AML myelodysplasia related and AML defined by differentiation) and none of them had phenotypic abnormalities, previous history of cytopenia, or strong cancer aggregation. We found 11 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, 6 affecting genes related to autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndromes (ATM, DDX41, and CHEK2) and 5 related to autosomal recessive bone marrow failure syndromes (FANCA, FANCM, SBDS, DNAJC21, and CSF3R). We did not find differences in clinical characteristics nor outcome between carriers of GVs vs noncarriers. Further studies in unselected AML cohorts are needed to determine GV incidence and penetrance and, in particular, to clarify the role of ATM nonsense mutations in AML predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Guijarro
- Pathology Department, Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica López-Guerra
- Pathology Department, Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Morata
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Bataller
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Paz
- Pathology Department, Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Castaño-Díez
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez-Vicente
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Cortés-Bullich
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Triguero
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Martínez-Roca
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Esteban
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez-Hernando
- Pathology Department, Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Irene López-Oreja
- Pathology Department, Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Garrote
- Pathology Department, Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth M. Risueño
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Tonda
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivo Gut
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Pathology Department, Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Díaz-Beya
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Esteve
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Hu S, Chu Y, Zhou X, Wang X. Recent advances of ferroptosis in tumor: From biological function to clinical application. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115419. [PMID: 37666176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently recognized form of cell death with distinct features in terms of morphology, biochemistry, and molecular mechanisms. Unlike other types of cell death, ferroptosis is characterized by iron dependence, reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Recent studies have demonstrated that selective autophagy plays a vital role in the induction of ferroptosis, including ferritinophagy, lipophagy, clockophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Emerging evidence has indicated the involvement of ferroptosis in tumorigenesis through regulating various biological processes, including tumor growth, metastasis, stemness, drug resistance, and recurrence. Clinical and preclinical studies have found that novel therapies targeting ferroptosis exert great potential in the treatment of tumors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms in ferroptosis, especially in autophagy-driven ferroptosis, discusses the recent advances in the biological roles of ferroptosis in tumorigenesis, and highlights the application of novel ferroptosis-targeted therapies in the clinical treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunfeng Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yurou Chu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 251006, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 251006, China.
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Zhang L, Wirth M, Patra U, Stroh J, Isaakidis K, Rieger L, Kossatz S, Milanovic M, Zang C, Demel U, Keiten‐Schmitz J, Wagner K, Steiger K, Rad R, Bassermann F, Müller S, Keller U, Schick M. Actionable loss of SLF2 drives B-cell lymphomagenesis and impairs the DNA damage response. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16431. [PMID: 37485814 PMCID: PMC10493575 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) acts as a barrier to malignant transformation and is often impaired during tumorigenesis. Exploiting the impaired DDR can be a promising therapeutic strategy; however, the mechanisms of inactivation and corresponding biomarkers are incompletely understood. Starting from an unbiased screening approach, we identified the SMC5-SMC6 Complex Localization Factor 2 (SLF2) as a regulator of the DDR and biomarker for a B-cell lymphoma (BCL) patient subgroup with an adverse prognosis. SLF2-deficiency leads to loss of DDR factors including Claspin (CLSPN) and consequently impairs CHK1 activation. In line with this mechanism, genetic deletion of Slf2 drives lymphomagenesis in vivo. Tumor cells lacking SLF2 are characterized by a high level of DNA damage, which leads to alterations of the post-translational SUMOylation pathway as a safeguard. The resulting co-dependency confers synthetic lethality to a clinically applicable SUMOylation inhibitor (SUMOi), and inhibitors of the DDR pathway act highly synergistic with SUMOi. Together, our results identify SLF2 as a DDR regulator and reveal co-targeting of the DDR and SUMOylation as a promising strategy for treating aggressive lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Wirth
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
| | - Upayan Patra
- Institute of Biochemistry IIGoethe University Frankfurt, Medical SchoolFrankfurtGermany
| | - Jacob Stroh
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Konstandina Isaakidis
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
| | - Leonie Rieger
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Maja Milanovic
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
| | - Chuanbing Zang
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
| | - Uta Demel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
- Clinician Scientist ProgramBerlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
| | - Jan Keiten‐Schmitz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of Biochemistry IIGoethe University Frankfurt, Medical SchoolFrankfurtGermany
| | - Kristina Wagner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of Biochemistry IIGoethe University Frankfurt, Medical SchoolFrankfurtGermany
| | - Katja Steiger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Comparative Experimental Pathology, Institute of PathologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Roland Rad
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TUM School of MedicineTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Florian Bassermann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Stefan Müller
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of Biochemistry IIGoethe University Frankfurt, Medical SchoolFrankfurtGermany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
| | - Markus Schick
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
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Xun J, Ohtsuka H, Hirose K, Douchi D, Nakayama S, Ishida M, Miura T, Ariake K, Mizuma M, Nakagawa K, Morikawa T, Furukawa T, Unno M. Reduced expression of phosphorylated ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene is related to poor prognosis and gemcitabine chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:835. [PMID: 37674118 PMCID: PMC10481509 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of expression of the gene ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), occurring in patients with multiple primary malignancies, including pancreatic cancer, is associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated the detailed molecular mechanism through which ATM expression affects the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS The levels of expression of ATM and phosphorylated ATM in patients with pancreatic cancer who had undergone surgical resection were analyzed using immunohistochemistry staining. RNA sequencing was performed on ATM-knockdown pancreatic-cancer cells to elucidate the mechanism underlying the invlovement of ATM in pancreatic cancer. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis showed that 15.3% and 27.8% of clinical samples had low levels of ATM and phosphorylated ATM, respectively. Low expression of phosphorylated ATM substantially reduced overall and disease-free survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. In the pancreatic cancer cell lines with ATM low expression, resistance to gemcitabine was demonstrated. The RNA sequence demonstrated that ATM knockdown induced the expression of MET and NTN1. In ATM knockdown cells, it was also revealed that the protein expression levels of HIF-1α and antiapoptotic BCL-2/BAD were upregulated. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that loss of ATM expression increases tumor development, suppresses apoptosis, and reduces gemcitabine sensitivity. Additionally, loss of phosphorylated ATM is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Thus, phosphorylated ATM could be a possible target for pancreatic cancer treatment as well as a molecular marker to track patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Xun
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideo Ohtsuka
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Hirose
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Douchi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shun Nakayama
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masaharu Ishida
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miura
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kyohei Ariake
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masamichi Mizuma
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kei Nakagawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takanori Morikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toru Furukawa
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
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Bugoye FC, Torrorey-Sawe R, Biegon R, Dharsee N, Mafumiko FMS, Patel K, Mining SK. Mutational spectrum of DNA damage and mismatch repair genes in prostate cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1231536. [PMID: 37732318 PMCID: PMC10507418 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1231536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, a number of studies have revealed that a significant number of men with prostate cancer had genetic defects in the DNA damage repair gene response and mismatch repair genes. Certain of these modifications, notably gene alterations known as homologous recombination (HRR) genes; PALB2, CHEK2 BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, and genes for DNA mismatch repair (MMR); MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 are connected to a higher risk of prostate cancer and more severe types of the disease. The DNA damage repair (DDR) is essential for constructing and diversifying the antigen receptor genes required for T and B cell development. But this DDR imbalance results in stress on DNA replication and transcription, accumulation of mutations, and even cell death, which compromises tissue homeostasis. Due to these impacts of DDR anomalies, tumor immunity may be impacted, which may encourage the growth of tumors, the release of inflammatory cytokines, and aberrant immune reactions. In a similar vein, people who have altered MMR gene may benefit greatly from immunotherapy. Therefore, for these treatments, mutational genetic testing is indicated. Mismatch repair gene (MMR) defects are also more prevalent than previously thought, especially in patients with metastatic disease, high Gleason scores, and diverse histologies. This review summarizes the current information on the mutation spectrum and clinical significance of DDR mechanisms, such as HRR and MMR abnormalities in prostate cancer, and explains how patient management is evolving as a result of this understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidelis Charles Bugoye
- Government Chemist Laboratory Authority, Directorate of Forensic Science and DNA Services, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Rispah Torrorey-Sawe
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Richard Biegon
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Fidelice M. S. Mafumiko
- Government Chemist Laboratory Authority, Directorate of Forensic Science and DNA Services, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Kirtika Patel
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Simeon K. Mining
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
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Rohatgi N, Rothe M, Mangat PK, Garrett-Mayer E, Meric-Bernstam F, Pisick E, Alese OB, Reynolds CM, Thota R, Vaccaro GM, von Mehren M, Arend RC, Chiu VK, Duvivier HL, Gold PJ, Hack K, Marr AS, Winer A, Grantham GN, Hinshaw DC, Gregory A, Halabi S, Schilsky RL. Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Patients With Solid Tumors With ATM Mutations: Results From the Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry (TAPUR) Study. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2300279. [PMID: 38039429 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry Study is a phase II basket study evaluating the antitumor activity of commercially available targeted agents in patients with advanced cancers with genomic alterations known to be drug targets. Results of a cohort of patients with solid tumors with ATM mutations treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab are reported. METHODS Eligible patients had measurable disease (RECIST v.1.1), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2, adequate organ function, and no standard treatment options. Primary end point was disease control (DC), defined as complete (CR) or partial (PR) response or stable disease (SD) of at least 16 weeks duration (SD16+). Low-accruing histology-specific cohorts with ATM mutations treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab were collapsed into a single histology-pooled cohort for this analysis. The results were evaluated based on a one-sided exact binomial test with a null DC rate of 15% versus 35% (power = .84; α = .10). Secondary end points were objective response (OR), progression-free survival, overall survival, duration of response, duration of SD, and safety. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients with 10 tumor types with ATM mutations were enrolled from January 2018 to May 2020. One patient was not evaluable for efficacy. One CR, three PR, and three SD16+ were observed for DC and OR rates of 24% (P = .13; one-sided 90% CI: 14 to 100) and 14% (95% CI: 4 to 32), respectively. The null hypothesis of 15% DC rate was not rejected. Eleven patients had one treatment-related grade 3 adverse event (AE) or serious AE. There were two treatment-related patient deaths including immune-related encephalitis and respiratory failure. CONCLUSION Nivolumab plus ipilimumab did not meet prespecified criteria to declare a signal of activity in patients with solid tumors with ATM mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Rothe
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | - Pam K Mangat
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rebecca C Arend
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Vi K Chiu
- The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, A Cedars-Sinai Affiliate, Los Angeles, CA
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Guadagnolo D, Mastromoro G, Marchionni E, Germani A, Libi F, Sadeghi S, Savio C, Petrucci S, De Marchis L, Piane M, Pizzuti A. Heterozygous Pathogenic Nonsense Variant in the ATM Gene in a Family with Unusually High Gastric Cancer Susceptibility. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2062. [PMID: 37509701 PMCID: PMC10377208 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in the Ataxia Telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene (MIM* 607585) increase the risk for breast, pancreatic, gastric, and prostatic cancer and, to a reduced extent, ovarian and colon cancer and melanoma, with moderate penetrance and variable expressivity. We describe a family presenting early-onset gastric cancer and harboring a heterozygous pathogenic ATM variant. The proband had gastric cancer (age 45) and reported a sister deceased due to diffuse gastric cancer (age 30) and another sister who developed diffuse gastric cancer (age 52) and ovarian serous cancer. Next generation sequencing for cancer susceptibility genes (APC, ATM, BRD1, BRIP1, CDH1, CDK4, CDKN2A, CHEK2, EPCAM, MLH1, MRE11, MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, NBN, PALB2, PMS2, PTEN, RAD50, RAD51C, RAD51D, RECQL1, SMAD4, STK11, and TP53) was performed. Molecular analysis identified the truncating c.5944C>T, p.(Gln1982*) variant in the ATM (NM_000051.3; NP_000042.3) in the proband. The variant had segregated in the living affected sister and in the unaffected daughter of the deceased affected sister. Familial early-onset gastric cancer is an unusual presentation for ATM-related malignancies. Individual variants may result in different specific risks. Genotype-phenotype correlations are challenging given the low penetrance and variable expressivity. Careful family history assessments are pivotal for prevention planning and are strengthened by the availability of molecular diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Guadagnolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gioia Mastromoro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Marchionni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Germani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Libi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Soha Sadeghi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Savio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Petrucci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura De Marchis
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomopathological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Oncology B Unit, Department of Hematology, Dermatology and Oncology, Policlinico Umberto I Univeristy Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Piane
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Obata H, Ogawa M, Zalutsky MR. DNA Repair Inhibitors: Potential Targets and Partners for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1926. [PMID: 37514113 PMCID: PMC10384049 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to explore the potential targets/partners for future targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) strategies, wherein cancer cells often are not killed effectively, despite receiving a high average tumor radiation dose. Here, we shall discuss the key factors in the cancer genome, especially those related to DNA damage response/repair and maintenance systems for escaping cell death in cancer cells. To overcome the current limitations of TRT effectiveness due to radiation/drug-tolerant cells and tumor heterogeneity, and to make TRT more effective, we propose that a promising strategy would be to target the DNA maintenance factors that are crucial for cancer survival. Considering their cancer-specific DNA damage response/repair ability and dysregulated transcription/epigenetic system, key factors such as PARP, ATM/ATR, amplified/overexpressed transcription factors, and DNA methyltransferases have the potential to be molecular targets for Auger electron therapy; moreover, their inhibition by non-radioactive molecules could be a partnering component for enhancing the therapeutic response of TRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoka Obata
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Departments of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Departments of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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McAvera R, Quinn J, Murphy P, Glavey S. Genetic Abnormalities in Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11259. [PMID: 37511018 PMCID: PMC10379577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Extramedullary multiple myeloma (or extramedullary disease, EMD) is an aggressive form of multiple myeloma (MM) that occurs when malignant plasma cells become independent of the bone marrow microenvironment. This may occur alongside MM diagnosis or in later stages of relapse and confers an extremely poor prognosis. In the era of novel agents and anti-myeloma therapies, the incidence of EMD is increasing, making this a more prevalent and challenging cohort of patients. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of bone marrow escape and EMD driver events is increasingly urgent. The role of genomics in MM has been studied extensively; however, much less is known about the genetic background of EMD. Recently there has been an increased focus on driver events for the establishment of distant EMD sites. Generally, high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities and gene signatures are associated with EMD, alongside mutations in RAS signalling pathways. More recently, changes in epigenetic regulation have also been documented, specifically the hypermethylation of DNA promoter regions. Therefore, the focus of this review is to summarize and discuss what is currently known about the genetic background of EMD in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin McAvera
- Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D09 YD60 Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Quinn
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital, D09 V2N0 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip Murphy
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital, D09 V2N0 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Glavey
- Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D09 YD60 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital, D09 V2N0 Dublin, Ireland
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Ricciuti B, Elkrief A, Alessi J, Wang X, Li Y, Gupta H, Muldoon DM, Bertram AA, Pecci F, Lamberti G, Federico AD, Barrichello A, Vaz VR, Gandhi M, Lee E, Shapiro GI, Park H, Nishino M, Lindsay J, Felt KD, Sharma B, Cherniack AD, Rodig S, Gomez DR, Shaverdian N, Rakaee M, Bandlamudi C, Ladanyi M, Janne PA, Schoenfeld AJ, Sholl LM, Awad MM, Cheng ML. Clinicopathologic, Genomic, and Immunophenotypic Landscape of ATM Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2540-2550. [PMID: 37097610 PMCID: PMC11031845 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE ATM is the most commonly mutated DNA damage and repair gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, limited characterization has been pursued. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Clinicopathologic, genomic, and treatment data were collected for 5,172 patients with NSCLC tumors which underwent genomic profiling. ATM IHC was performed on 182 NSCLCs with ATM mutations. Multiplexed immunofluorescence was performed on a subset of 535 samples to examine tumor-infiltrating immune cell subsets. RESULTS A total of 562 deleterious ATM mutations were identified in 9.7% of NSCLC samples. ATM-mutant (ATMMUT) NSCLC was significantly associated with female sex (P = 0.02), ever smoking status (P < 0.001), non-squamous histology (P = 0.004), and higher tumor mutational burden (DFCI, P < 0.0001; MSK, P < 0.0001) compared with ATM-wild-type (ATMWT) cases. Among 3,687 NSCLCs with comprehensive genomic profiling, co-occurring KRAS, STK11, and ARID2 oncogenic mutations were significantly enriched among ATMMUT NSCLCs (Q < 0.05), while TP53 and EGFR mutations were enriched in ATMWT NSCLCs. Among 182 ATMMUT samples with ATM IHC, tumors with nonsense, insertions/deletions, or splice site mutations were significantly more likely to display ATM loss by IHC (71.4% vs. 28.6%; P < 0.0001) compared with tumors with only predicted pathogenic missense mutations. Clinical outcomes to PD-(L)1 monotherapy (N = 1,522) and chemo-immunotherapy (N = 951) were similar between ATMMUT and ATMWT NSCLCs. Patients with concurrent ATM/TP53 mutations had significantly improved response rate and progression-free survival with PD-(L)1 monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Deleterious ATM mutations defined a subset of NSCLC with unique clinicopathologic, genomic, and immunophenotypic features. Our data may serve as resource to guide interpretation of specific ATM mutations in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Ricciuti
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arielle Elkrief
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joao Alessi
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xinan Wang
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yvonne Li
- Department of Analytics and Informatics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Hersh Gupta
- Department of Analytics and Informatics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel M. Muldoon
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Arrien A. Bertram
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Federica Pecci
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giuseppe Lamberti
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alessandro Di Federico
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adriana Barrichello
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victor R. Vaz
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Malini Gandhi
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elinton Lee
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Geoffrey I. Shapiro
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair (CDDR), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hyesun Park
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mizuki Nishino
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James Lindsay
- ImmunoProfile, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen D. Felt
- ImmunoProfile, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bijaya Sharma
- ImmunoProfile, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew D. Cherniack
- Department of Analytics and Informatics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Scott Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel R. Gomez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Narek Shaverdian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mehrdad Rakaee
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chaitanya Bandlamudi
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pasi A. Janne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam J. Schoenfeld
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lynette M. Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark M. Awad
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael L. Cheng
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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44
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Lehman B, Matthäi E, Gercke N, Denzer UW, Figiel J, Hess T, Slater EP, Bartsch DK. Characteristics of familial pancreatic cancer families with additional colorectal carcinoma. Fam Cancer 2023; 22:323-330. [PMID: 36717525 PMCID: PMC10276072 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-023-00328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) is a rare hereditary tumor entity with broad phenotypic heterogeneity, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC) in some families. The underlying factors for this co-occurrence are still not well evaluated. FPC families in the National Case Collection of Familial Pancreatic Cancer with an additional occurrence of CRC were analyzed regarding the phenotype, genotype and recommendation for a clinical screening program. The total cohort of 272 FPC families included 30 (11%) families with at least one CRC case. The proportion of affected family members with PDAC was 16.1% (73/451) compared to 9.3% of family members with CRC (42/451, p < 0.01). Females were affected with PDAC in 49% (36/73) and CRC in 38% (16/42). The median age of PDAC was 63 compared to 66 years in CRC, whereas 8 (26.6%) of families had an early onset of PDAC and 2 (6.7%) of CRC. Seventeen families had 2 or more affected generations with PDAC and 6 families with CRC. Eleven (9.6%) of affected patients had both PDAC and CRC. Potentially causative germline mutations (2 ATM, 1 CDKN2a, 1 MLH1, 1 PALB2) were detected in 5 of 18 (27.7%) analyzed cases. These findings provide a step forward to include the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of FPC-CRC families for the genetic counseling and management of these families. Nevertheless, results need to be verified in a larger patient cohort beforehand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Lehman
- Departments of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Elvira Matthäi
- Departments of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Norman Gercke
- Departments of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike W Denzer
- Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jens Figiel
- Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Emily P Slater
- Departments of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Detlef K Bartsch
- Departments of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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Oropeza E, Seker S, Carrel S, Mazumder A, Lozano D, Jimenez A, VandenHeuvel SN, Noltensmeyer DA, Punturi NB, Lei JT, Lim B, Waltz SE, Raghavan SA, Bainbridge MN, Haricharan S. Molecular portraits of cell cycle checkpoint kinases in cancer evolution, progression, and treatment responsiveness. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf2860. [PMID: 37390209 PMCID: PMC10313178 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle dysregulation is prerequisite for cancer formation. However, it is unknown whether the mode of dysregulation affects disease characteristics. Here, we conduct comprehensive analyses of cell cycle checkpoint dysregulation using patient data and experimental investigations. We find that ATM mutation predisposes the diagnosis of primary estrogen receptor (ER)+/human epidermal growth factor (HER)2- cancer in older women. Conversely, CHK2 dysregulation induces formation of metastatic, premenopausal ER+/HER2- breast cancer (P = 0.001) that is treatment-resistant (HR = 6.15, P = 0.01). Lastly, while mutations in ATR alone are rare, ATR/TP53 co-mutation is 12-fold enriched over expected in ER+/HER2- disease (P = 0.002) and associates with metastatic progression (HR = 2.01, P = 0.006). Concordantly, ATR dysregulation induces metastatic phenotypes in TP53 mutant, not wild-type, cells. Overall, we identify mode of cell cycle dysregulation as a distinct event that determines subtype, metastatic potential, and treatment responsiveness, providing rationale for reconsidering diagnostic classification through the lens of the mode of cell cycle dysregulation..
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Oropeza
- Aging and Cancer Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sinem Seker
- Aging and Cancer Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina Carrel
- Aging and Cancer Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aloran Mazumder
- Aging and Cancer Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Aging and Cancer Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Athena Jimenez
- Aging and Cancer Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Nindo B. Punturi
- Aging and Cancer Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan T. Lei
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bora Lim
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology/Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan E. Waltz
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Research Service, Cincinnati Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, 3200 Vine St., Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Svasti Haricharan
- Aging and Cancer Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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46
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Hernandez-Martinez JM, Rosell R, Arrieta O. Somatic and germline ATM variants in non-small-cell lung cancer: Therapeutic implications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023:104058. [PMID: 37343657 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
ATM is an apical kinase of the DNA damage response involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Germline ATM variants (gATM) have been associated with an increased risk of developing lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and approximately 9% of LUAD tumors harbor somatic ATM mutations (sATM). Biallelic carriers of pathogenic gATM exhibit a plethora of immunological abnormalities, but few studies have evaluated the contribution of immune dysfunction to lung cancer susceptibility. Indeed, little is known about the clinicopathological characteristics of lung cancer patients with sATM or gATM alterations. The introduction of targeted therapies and immunotherapies, and the increasing number of clinical trials evaluating treatment combinations, warrants a careful reexamination of the benefits and harms that different therapeutic approaches have had in lung cancer patients with sATM or gATM. This review will discuss the role of ATM in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, highlighting potential therapeutic approaches to manage ATM-deficient lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Manuel Hernandez-Martinez
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de México (INCan); CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Institut d'Investigació en Ciències Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; (4)Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de México (INCan).
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47
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Zhang S, Zhou P, Liu J, Xia A, Lin G, Xiang Z, Fang Z, Yang X, Qiao J, Hu Q, Zhang J, Zhao J, Li L. Discovery of [1,2,3]Triazolo[4,5- c]quinoline Derivatives as a New Class of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated Kinase Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:746-756. [PMID: 37312863 PMCID: PMC10258831 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is an atypical serine/threonine protein kinase which is implicated in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Numerous reports have shown that ATM inhibition is an attractive target for radiotherapy and chemotherapy sensitization. Herein we report a new series of ATM kinase inhibitors containing the 1H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-c]quinoline scaffold, which was obtained by virtual screening, structural optimization, and structure-activity relationship studies. Among the inhibitors, A011 was one of the most potent, with an IC50 value of 1.0 nM against ATM. In colorectal cancer cells (SW620 and HCT116), A011 was able to inhibit activation of ATM signaling induced by irinotecan (CPT-11) and ionizing radiation and then increased the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to irinotecan and ionizing radiation through increasing G2/M arrest and inducing apoptosis. In the SW620 human colorectal adenocarcinoma tumor xenograft model, A011 sensitized SW620 to CPT-11 by inhibiting ATM activity. Collectively, this work has identified a promising lead in the discovery of potent inhibitors against ATM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of
Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of
Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jingming Liu
- Department
of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,
West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Anjie Xia
- Department
of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,
West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Guifeng Lin
- Department
of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,
West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Xiang
- Department
of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,
West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Zhen Fang
- Department
of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,
West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department
of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,
West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jingxin Qiao
- Department
of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,
West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Qian Hu
- Department
of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,
West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department
of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,
West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- Department
of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,
West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Linli Li
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of
Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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Grochot R, Carreira S, Miranda S, Figueiredo I, Bertan C, Rekowski J, Yuan W, Ferreira A, Riisnaes R, Neeb A, Gurel B, de Los Dolores Fenor de la Maza M, Guo C, Carmichael J, Westaby D, Mateo J, Sharp A, McVeigh TP, De Bono J. Germline ATM Mutations Detected by Somatic DNA Sequencing in Lethal Prostate Cancer. EUR UROL SUPPL 2023; 52:72-78. [PMID: 37284046 PMCID: PMC10240520 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Germline mutations in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene occur in 0.5-1% of the overall population and are associated with tumour predisposition. The clinical and pathological features of ATM-mutated prostate cancer (PC) are poorly defined but have been associated with lethal PC. Objective To report on the clinical characteristics including family history and clinical outcomes of a cohort of patients with advanced metastatic castration-resistant PC (CRPC) who were found to have germline ATM mutations after mutation detection by initial tumour DNA sequencing. Design setting and participants We acquired germline ATM mutation data by saliva next-generation sequencing from patients with ATM mutations in PC biopsies sequenced between January 2014 and January 2022. Demographics, family history, and clinical data were collected retrospectively. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Outcome endpoints were based on overall survival (OS) and time from diagnosis to CRPC. Data were analysed using R version 3.6.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Results and limitations Overall, seven patients (n = 7/1217; 0.6%) had germline ATM mutations detected, with five of them having a family history of malignancies, including breast, prostate, pancreas, and gastric cancer; leukaemia; and lymphoma. Two patients had concomitant somatic mutations in tumour biopsies in genes other than ATM, while two patients were found to carry more than one ATM pathogenic mutation. Five tumours in germline ATM variant carriers had loss of ATM by immunohistochemistry. The median OS from diagnosis was 7.1 yr (range 2.9-14 yr) and the median OS from CRPC was 5.3 yr (range 2.2-7.3 yr). When comparing these data with PC patients sequenced by The Cancer Genome Atlas, we found that the spatial localisation of mutations was similar, with distribution of alterations occurring on similar positions in the ATM gene. Interestingly, these include a mutation within the FRAP-ATM-TRRAP (FAT) domain, suggesting that this represents a mutational hotspot for ATM. Conclusions Germline ATM mutations are rare in patients with lethal PC but occur at mutational hotspots; further research is warranted to better characterise the family histories of these men and PC clinical course. Patient summary In this report, we studied the clinical and pathological features of advanced prostate cancers associated with germline mutations in the ATM gene. We found that most patients had a strong family history of cancer and that this mutation might predict the course of these prostate cancers, as well as response to specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Grochot
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (RMH), London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Jan Rekowski
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | - Ana Ferreira
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | | | - Antje Neeb
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | - Bora Gurel
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
| | | | - Christina Guo
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (RMH), London, UK
| | - Juliet Carmichael
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (RMH), London, UK
| | - Daniel Westaby
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (RMH), London, UK
| | | | - Adam Sharp
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (RMH), London, UK
| | | | - Johann De Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (RMH), London, UK
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49
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Huang W, Li W, Xu N, Li H, Zhang Z, Zhang X, He T, Yao J, Xu M, He Q, Guo L, Zhang S. Differences in DNA damage repair gene mutations between left- and right-sided colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:10187-10198. [PMID: 37096801 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Studies have shown that the DNA damage response (DDR) mutation is strongly associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) status and is an indication for patients with CRCs receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. However, DDR mutation in microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC remains unclear. METHODS In this study, Fisher's exact test, Student'st-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Cox proportional hazards regression model were performed, and a p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The most common gene alterations were APC (77%), TP53 (73%), KRAS (48%), and PIK3CA (25%). The mutationfrequency of APC and TP53 in left-sided CRC was significantly higher than that for right-sided CRC, while the mutation frequency of PIK3CA, ACVR2A, FAT4, and RNF43 in right-sided CRC was significantly higher than that for left-sided CRC. DDR mutations occurred in100% of MSI CRCs and in 83.77% of MSS CRCs, with the most frequently mutated DDR genes being ARID1A (7.5%), ATM (5.7%,) and BRCA2 (2.6%). When right- and left-sided CRCs were compared, no significant difference was observed for DDR genes and pathways. A survival analysis indicated that the DDR mutation was not associated with overall survival (OS) in MSS CRCs, while left-sided patients with homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway mutations had a significantly prolonged OS compared with right-sided CRCs. CONCLUSIONS Here, we found that stage and grade were statistically significant independent prognostic factors in the left-sided CRC and the right-sided CRC, recommending treatment for these patients stratified by stage. For the future, utilizing DDR gene defects for expanding treatment options and improving prognosis is an issue worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | | | | | - Mian Xu
- Shanghai OrigiMed Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Lijie Guo
- Shanghai OrigiMed Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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50
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Webb F, Morey A, Mahler-Hinder C, Georgousopoulou E, Koo R, Pati N, Talaulikar D. Comprehensive FISH testing using FFPE tissue microarray of primary lymph node tissue identifies secondary cytogenetic abnormalities in Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Cancer Genet 2023; 274-275:75-83. [PMID: 37094546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL), is characterised by the reciprocal translocation t(11;14) resulting in CCND1-IGH gene fusion and subsequent upregulation of the CCND1 gene. Rearrangements of MYC and losses of CDKN2A and TP53 have been identified as biomarkers informing prognostic and potentially therapeutic information however these are not routinely assessed in MCL investigation. We aimed to identify additional cytogenetic changes using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) on formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) primary lymph node tissue microarrays in a cohort of 28 patients diagnosed with MCL between 2004 and 2019. FISH results were compared with corresponding immunohistochemistry (IHC) biomarkers to determine if IHC was a reliable screening tool to direct FISH testing. METHOD FFPE lymph node tissue samples were constructed into tissue microarrays (TMA) which were stained with 7 immunohistochemical biomarkers: Cyclin D1, c-Myc, p16, ATM, p53, Bcl-6 and Bcl-2. The same TMAs were hybridised with FISH probes for the corresponding genes; CCND1-IGH, MYC, CDKN2A, ATM, TP53, BCL6 and BCL2. FISH and the corresponding IHC biomarkers were analysed to determine if secondary cytogenetic changes could be identified and if IHC could be used as a reliable, inexpensive predictor of FISH abnormalities to potentially direct FISH testing. RESULTS CCND1-IGH fusion was detected in 27/28 (96%) of samples. Additional cytogenetic changes were identified by FISH in 15/28 (54%) of samples. Two additional abnormalities were detected in 2/28 (7%) samples. Cyclin D1 IHC overexpression was an excellent predictor of CCND1-IGH fusion. MYC and ATM IHC were useful screening tests to direct FISH testing and identified cases with poor prognostic features including blastoid change. IHC did not show clear concordance with FISH for other biomarkers. CONCLUSION FISH using FFPE primary lymph node tissue can detect secondary cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with MCL which are associated with an inferior prognosis. An expanded FISH panel including MYC, CDKN2A, TP53 and ATM should be considered in cases where anomalous IHC expression or is seen for these markers or if the patient appears to have the blastoid variant of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Webb
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, ACT Pathology, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Adrienne Morey
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, ACT Pathology, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, Australia; Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | - RayMun Koo
- Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nalini Pati
- Department of Haematology, ACT Pathology, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, Australia
| | - Dipti Talaulikar
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, ACT Pathology, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, Australia; Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; Department of Haematology, ACT Pathology, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, Australia
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