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Im C, Ahn JH, Farag AK, Kim S, Kim JY, Lee YJ, Park JA, Kang CM. Porphyrin-Based Brain Tumor-Targeting Agents: [ 64Cu]Cu-porphyrin and [ 64Cu]Cu-TDAP. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5856-5864. [PMID: 37851927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate a radioactive metal complex platform for brain tumor targeting. Herein, we introduce a new porphyrin derivative, 5,10,15,20-(tetra-N,N-dimethyl-4-aminophenyl)porphyrin (TDAP), in which four N,N-dimethyl-4-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD) moieties are conjugated to the porphyrin labeled with the radiometal 64Cu. DMPD affected the pharmacokinetics of porphyrin in terms of retention time in vivo and tumor-targeting ability relative to those of unmodified porphyrin. [64Cu]Cu-TDAP showed stronger enhancement than [64Cu]Cu-porphyrin in U87MG glioblastoma cells, especially in the cytoplasm and nucleus, indicating its tumor-targeting properties and potential use as a therapeutic agent. In the subcutaneous and orthotopic models of brain-tumor-bearing mice, [64Cu]Cu-TDAP was clearly visualized in the tumor site via positron emission tomography imaging and showed a tumor-to-brain ratio as high as 13. [64Cu]Cu-TDAP deserves attention as a new diagnostic agent that is suitable for the early diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkeun Im
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Jae Hun Ahn
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ahmed K Farag
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
- CDN isotopes, Toronto Research Chemicals, Montreal, Quebec H9R 1H1, Canada
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Choong Mo Kang
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 01812, Korea
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Carrasco-Hernandez J, Ramos-Méndez J, Padilla-Rodal E, Avila-Rodriguez MA. Cellular lethal damage of 64Cu incorporated in mammalian genome evaluated with Monte Carlo methods. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1253746. [PMID: 37841004 PMCID: PMC10575761 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1253746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) with Auger Emitters (AE) is a technique that allows targeting specific sites on tumor cells using radionuclides. The toxicity of AE is critically dependent on its proximity to the DNA. The aim of this study is to quantify the DNA damage and radiotherapeutic potential of the promising AE radionuclide copper-64 (64Cu) incorporated into the DNA of mammalian cells using Monte Carlo track-structure simulations. Methods A mammalian cell nucleus model with a diameter of 9.3 μm available in TOPAS-nBio was used. The cellular nucleus consisted of double-helix DNA geometrical model of 2.3 nm diameter surrounded by a hydration shell with a thickness of 0.16 nm, organized in 46 chromosomes giving a total of 6.08 giga base-pairs (DNA density of 14.4 Mbp/μm3). The cellular nucleus was irradiated with monoenergetic electrons and radiation emissions from several radionuclides including 111In, 125I, 123I, and 99mTc in addition to 64Cu. For monoenergetic electrons, isotropic point sources randomly distributed within the nucleus were modeled. The radionuclides were incorporated in randomly chosen DNA base pairs at two positions near to the central axis of the double-helix DNA model at (1) 0.25 nm off the central axis and (2) at the periphery of the DNA (1.15 nm off the central axis). For all the radionuclides except for 99mTc, the complete physical decay process was explicitly simulated. For 99mTc only total electron spectrum from published data was used. The DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSB) yield per decay from direct and indirect actions were quantified. Results obtained for monoenergetic electrons and radionuclides 111In, 125I, 123I, and 99mTc were compared with measured and calculated data from the literature for verification purposes. The DSB yields per decay incorporated in DNA for 64Cu are first reported in this work. The therapeutic effect of 64Cu (activity that led 37% cell survival after two cell divisions) was determined in terms of the number of atoms incorporated into the nucleus that would lead to the same DSBs that 100 decays of 125I. Simulations were run until a 2% statistical uncertainty (1 standard deviation) was achieved. Results The behavior of DSBs as a function of the energy for monoenergetic electrons was consistent with published data, the DSBs increased with the energy until it reached a maximum value near 500 eV followed by a continuous decrement. For 64Cu, when incorporated in the genome at evaluated positions (1) and (2), the DSB were 0.171 ± 0.003 and 0.190 ± 0.003 DSB/decay, respectively. The number of initial atoms incorporated into the genome (per cell) for 64Cu that would cause a therapeutic effect was estimated as 3,107 ± 28, that corresponds to an initial activity of 47.1 ± 0.4 × 10-3 Bq. Conclusion Our results showed that TRT with 64Cu has comparable therapeutic effects in cells as that of TRT with radionuclides currently used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Carrasco-Hernandez
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Ramos-Méndez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Padilla-Rodal
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Avila-Rodriguez
- Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Cossu J, Thoreau F, Boturyn D. Multimeric RGD-Based Strategies for Selective Drug Delivery to Tumor Tissues. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020525. [PMID: 36839846 PMCID: PMC9961187 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RGD peptides have received a lot of attention over the two last decades, in particular to improve tumor therapy through the targeting of the αVβ3 integrin receptor. This review focuses on the molecular design of multimeric RGD compounds, as well as the design of suitable linkers for drug delivery. Many examples of RGD-drug conjugates have been developed, and we show the importance of RGD constructs to enhance binding affinity to tumor cells, as well as their drug uptake. Further, we also highlight the use of RGD peptides as theranostic systems, promising tools offering dual modality, such as tumor diagnosis and therapy. In conclusion, we address the challenging issues, as well as ongoing and future development, in comparison with large molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Cossu
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fabien Thoreau
- University Poitiers, Inst Chim Milieux & Mat Poitiers IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, F-86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Didier Boturyn
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence:
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Milot MC, Bélissant-Benesty O, Dumulon-Perreault V, Ait-Mohand S, Geha S, Richard PO, Rousseau É, Guérin B. Theranostic 64Cu-DOTHA 2-PSMA allows low toxicity radioligand therapy in mice prostate cancer model. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1073491. [PMID: 36741017 PMCID: PMC9889868 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1073491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We have previously shown that copper-64 (64Cu)-DOTHA2-PSMA can be used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of prostate cancer. Owing to the long-lasting, high tumoral uptake of 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA in vivo. Methods LNCaP tumor-bearing NOD-Rag1nullIL2rgnull (NRG) mice were treated with an intraveinous single-dose of 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA at maximal tolerated injected activity, natCu-DOTHA2-PSMA at equimolar amount (control) or lutetium-177 (177Lu)-PSMA-617 at 120 MBq to assess their impact on survival. Weight, well-being and tumor size were followed until mice reached 62 days post-injection or ethical limits. Toxicity was assessed through weight, red blood cells (RBCs) counts, pathology and dosimetry calculations. Results Survival was longer with 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA than with natCu-DOTHA2-PSMA (p < 0.001). Likewise, survival was also longer when compared to 177Lu-PSMA-617, although it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.09). RBCs counts remained within normal range for the 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA group. 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA treated mice showed non-pathological fibrosis and no other signs of radiation injury. Human extrapolation of dosimetry yielded an effective dose of 3.14 × 10-2 mSv/MBq, with highest organs doses to gastrointestinal tract and liver. Discussion Collectively, our data showed that 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA-directed radioligand therapy was effective for the treatment of LNCaP tumor-bearing NRG mice with acceptable toxicity and dosimetry. The main potential challenge is the hepatic and gastrointestinal irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Milot
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Ophélie Bélissant-Benesty
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Samia Ait-Mohand
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sameh Geha
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick O. Richard
- Department of Surgery, Division of urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Étienne Rousseau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada,Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center (CIMS), Centre de recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada,Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center (CIMS), Centre de recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Brigitte Guérin,
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Cancer therapy by antibody-targeted Cerenkov light and metabolism-selective photosensitization. J Control Release 2022; 352:25-34. [PMID: 36243234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective cancer treatment option, but it suffers from penetration limit of light, making it available only for superficial and endoscopically accessible cancers. Recently, there have been reports that Cerenkov luminescence originated from radioisotopes can be utilized as an excitation source for PDT without external light illumination. Here, cancer-selective agents, i.e., (1) clinically available 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), which promotes cancer metabolism-specific accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), and (2) 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab, which has HER2-expressing cancer selective uptake, are separately applied as a photosensitizer and an in situ radiator, respectively, to potentiate tumor-specific Cerenkov luminescence energy transfer (CLET) from 64Cu to PpIX for high-precision PDT of cancer. It is shown that the combinational administration and tumor colocalization of 5-ALA and 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab exert significant in vitro cytotoxicity (cell viability <9%) as well as in vivo antitumor effects (tumor volume ratio of 0.50 on 14 days post-injection) on HER2-expressing breast and gastric cancer models. This study proves that high-precision treatment regimen using dual-targeted CLET-based PDT is feasible for HER2-expressing cancers. Furthermore, the results offer great potential for clinical translation to the dual-targeted CLET-based PDT because the treatment regimen uses components, 5-ALA and 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab, which are already in clinical uses.
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Multiplexed Imaging Reveals the Spatial Relationship of the Extracellular Acidity-Targeting pHLIP with Necrosis, Hypoxia, and the Integrin-Targeting cRGD Peptide. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213499. [DOI: 10.3390/cells11213499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
pH (low) insertion peptides (pHLIPs) have been developed for cancer imaging and therapy targeting the acidic extracellular microenvironment. However, the characteristics of intratumoral distribution (ITD) of pHLIPs are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to reveal the details of the ITD of pHLIPs and their spatial relationship with other tumor features of concern. The fluorescent dye-labeled pHLIPs were intravenously administered to subcutaneous xenograft mouse models of U87MG and IGR-OV1 expressing αVβ3 integrins (using large necrotic tumors). The αVβ3 integrin-targeting Cy5.5-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 was used as a reference. In vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging, whole-tumor section imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and multiplexed fluorescence colocalization analysis were performed. The ITD of fluorescent dye-labeled pHLIPs was heterogeneous, having a high degree of colocalization with necrosis. A direct one-to-one comparison of highly magnified images revealed the cellular localization of pHLIP in pyknotic, karyorrhexis, and karyolytic necrotic cells. pHLIP and hypoxia were spatially contiguous but not overlapping cellularly. The hypoxic region was found between the ITDs of pHLIP and the cRGD peptide and the Ki-67 proliferative activity remained detectable in the pHLIP-accumulated regions. The results provide a better understanding of the characteristics of ITD of pHLIPs, leading to new insights into the theranostic applications of pHLIPs.
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Wen X, Zeng X, Liu J, Zhang Y, Shi C, Wu X, Zhuang R, Chen X, Zhang X, Guo Z. Synergism of 64Cu-Labeled RGD with Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy for the Long-Acting Antitumor Effect. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2170-2179. [PMID: 36256849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We put forward a novel targeting-triggering-therapy (TTT) scheme that combines 64Cu-based targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-based immunotherapy for enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The αvβ3 integrin-targeted 64Cu-DOTA-EB-cRGDfK (64Cu-DER) was synthesized. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and RT-qPCR were performed to verify PD-L1 upregulation after irradiation with 64Cu-DER. Positron emission tomography imaging was performed to investigate the prominent tumor retention property of 64Cu-DER. In the MC38 tumor model, anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1 mAb) was delivered in a concurrent or sequential manner after 64Cu-DER was injected, followed by the testing of changes in tumor microenvironment (TME). PD-L1 was upregulated in a time- and dose-dependent manner after being induced by 64Cu-DER. The combination of 64Cu-DER TRT (925 MBq/kg) and αPD-L1 mAb (10 mg/kg) resulted in significant delay in tumor growth and protected against tumor rechallenge. Blockade of PD-L1 at 4 h after 64Cu-DER TRT (64Cu-DER + αPD-L1 mAb @ 4 h combination group) was able to achieve 100% survival rate, prevent tumor relapse, and evidently prolong the survival of mice. In summary, the combination of 64Cu-DER and αPD-L1 mAb in a time-dependent manner could be a promising approach to improve therapeutic efficacy. Understandably, this strategy has the potential to extend the scope of 64Cu-based TTT and merits translation into clinical practice for the better management of immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xinying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yiren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Changrong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Yantai Dongcheng Biochemicals Co., Ltd., Yantai 264006, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore.,Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
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Yu X, Xue L, Zhao J, Zhao S, Wu D, Liu HY. Non-Cationic RGD-Containing Protein Nanocarrier for Tumor-Targeted siRNA Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122182. [PMID: 34959463 PMCID: PMC8703291 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent successes in siRNA therapeutics, targeted delivery beyond the liver remains the major hurdle for the widespread application of siRNA in vivo. Current cationic liposome or polymer-based delivery agents are restricted to the liver and suffer from off-target effects, poor clearance, low serum stability, and high toxicity. In this study, we genetically engineered a non-cationic non-viral tumor-targeted universal siRNA nanocarrier (MW 26 KDa). This protein nanocarrier consists of three function domains: a dsRNA binding domain (dsRBD) (from human protein kinase R) for any siRNA binding, 18-histidine for endosome escape, and two RGD peptides at the N- and C-termini for targeting tumor and tumor neovasculature. We showed that cloned dual-RGD-dsRBD-18his (dual-RGD) protein protects siRNA against RNases, induces effective siRNA endosomal escape, specifically targets integrin αvβ3 expressing cells in vitro, and homes siRNA to tumors in vivo. The delivered siRNA leads to target gene knockdown in the cell lines and tumor xenografts with low toxicity. This multifunctional and biomimetic siRNA carrier is biodegradable, has low toxicity, is suitable for mass production by fermentation, and is serum stable, holding great potential to provide a widely applicable siRNA carrier for tumor-targeted siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (X.Y.); (L.X.); (D.W.)
| | - Lu Xue
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (X.Y.); (L.X.); (D.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; (J.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Daqing Wu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (X.Y.); (L.X.); (D.W.)
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Hong Yan Liu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (X.Y.); (L.X.); (D.W.)
- Dotquant LLC, CoMotion Labs at University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-503-956-5302
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Mizuno Y, Kimura K, Onoe S, Shukuri M, Kuge Y, Akizawa H. Influence of Linker Molecules in Hexavalent RGD Peptides on Their Multivalent Interactions with Integrin α vβ 3. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16008-16019. [PMID: 34730982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent RGD peptides have been used as an excellent targeting vector to integrin αvβ3-positive tumors. However, little attention has been paid to the influence of linker molecules in multivalent RGD peptides on their dissociation kinetics from tumor cells. In this study, we evaluated the dissociation kinetics of 99mTc-labeled hexavalent RGD peptides which have (CH2-CH2-O)n (n = 4, [99mTc][Tc(L1)6]+ and n = 12, [99mTc][Tc(L2)6]+) or (DPro-Gly)n (n = 1, [99mTc][Tc(L3)6]+; n = 6, [99mTc][Tc(L4)6]+; and n = 9, [99mTc][Tc(L5)6]+) as a linker molecule. The results showed that [99mTc][Tc(L4)6]+ and [99mTc][Tc(L5)6]+ displayed slower dissociation kinetics and [99mTc][Tc(L4)6]+ showed exceptionally high in vitro cellular uptake (203.1 ± 16.7% dose/mg protein) and the highest tumor to blood ratio (138.1 ± 26.3 at 4 h p.i.) in tumor bearing nude mice. These findings indicate that the use of appropriate length of (DPro-Gly)n would maximize the binding of multivalent RGD peptides to clustered integrin αvβ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mizuno
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Japan.,Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kohta Kimura
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Japan
| | - Satoru Onoe
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Japan
| | - Miho Shukuri
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yuji Kuge
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Akizawa
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Japan
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Gamage R, Li DH, Schreiber CL, Smith BD. Comparison of cRGDfK Peptide Probes with Appended Shielded Heptamethine Cyanine Dye ( s775z) for Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30130-30139. [PMID: 34778684 PMCID: PMC8582267 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that the sterically shielded near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent heptamethine cyanine dye, s775z, with a reactive carboxyl group produces fluorescent bioconjugates with an unsurpassed combination of high photostability and fluorescence brightness. This present contribution reports two new reactive homologues of s775z with either a maleimide group for reaction with a thiol or a strained alkyne group for reaction with an azide. Three cancer-targeting NIR fluorescent probes were synthesized, each with an appended cRGDfK peptide to provide selective affinity for integrin receptors that are overexpressed on the surface of many cancer cells including the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells used in this study. A set of cancer cell microscopy and mouse tumor imaging experiments showed that all three probes were very effective at targeting cancer cells and tumors; however, the change in the linker structure produced a statistically significant difference in some aspects of the mouse biodistribution. The mouse studies included a mock surgical procedure that excised the subcutaneous tumors. A paired-agent fluorescence imaging experiment co-injected a binary mixture of targeted probe with 850 nm emission, an untargeted probe with 710 nm emission and determined the targeted probe's binding potential in the tumor tissue. A comparison of pixelated maps of binding potential for each excised tumor indicated a tumor-to-tumor variation of integrin expression levels, and a heterogeneous spatial distribution of integrin receptors within each tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rananjaya
S. Gamage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Dong-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Cynthia L. Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
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Ludwig BS, Kessler H, Kossatz S, Reuning U. RGD-Binding Integrins Revisited: How Recently Discovered Functions and Novel Synthetic Ligands (Re-)Shape an Ever-Evolving Field. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1711. [PMID: 33916607 PMCID: PMC8038522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins have been extensively investigated as therapeutic targets over the last decades, which has been inspired by their multiple functions in cancer progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis as well as a continuously expanding number of other diseases, e.g., sepsis, fibrosis, and viral infections, possibly also Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Although integrin-targeted (cancer) therapy trials did not meet the high expectations yet, integrins are still valid and promising targets due to their elevated expression and surface accessibility on diseased cells. Thus, for the future successful clinical translation of integrin-targeted compounds, revisited and innovative treatment strategies have to be explored based on accumulated knowledge of integrin biology. For this, refined approaches are demanded aiming at alternative and improved preclinical models, optimized selectivity and pharmacological properties of integrin ligands, as well as more sophisticated treatment protocols considering dose fine-tuning of compounds. Moreover, integrin ligands exert high accuracy in disease monitoring as diagnostic molecular imaging tools, enabling patient selection for individualized integrin-targeted therapy. The present review comprehensively analyzes the state-of-the-art knowledge on the roles of RGD-binding integrin subtypes in cancer and non-cancerous diseases and outlines the latest achievements in the design and development of synthetic ligands and their application in biomedical, translational, and molecular imaging approaches. Indeed, substantial progress has already been made, including advanced ligand designs, numerous elaborated pre-clinical and first-in-human studies, while the discovery of novel applications for integrin ligands remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice S. Ludwig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Horst Kessler
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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12
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Jin ZH, Tsuji AB, Degardin M, Sugyo A, Obara S, Wakizaka H, Nagatsu K, Hu K, Zhang MR, Dumy P, Boturyn D, Higashi T. Radiotheranostic Agent 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-) 4 for Management of Peritoneal Metastasis in Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6230-6241. [PMID: 32933998 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian cancer peritoneal metastases (OCPMs) are a pathophysiologically heterogeneous group of tumors that are rarely curable. αVβ3 integrin (αVβ3) is overexpressed on tumoral neovessels and frequently on ovarian cancer cells. Here, using two clinically relevant αVβ3-positive OCPM mouse models, we studied the theranostic potential of an αVβ3-specific radiopeptide, 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 (64Cu-RaftRGD), and its intra- and intertumoral distribution in relation to the tumor microenvironment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN αVβ3-expressing peritoneal and subcutaneous models of ovarian carcinoma (IGR-OV1 and NIH:OVCAR-3) were established in nude mice. 64Cu-RaftRGD was administered either intravenously or intraperitoneally. We performed intratumoral distribution (ITD) studies, PET/CT imaging and quantification, biodistribution assay and radiation dosimetry, and therapeutic efficacy and toxicity studies. RESULTS Intraperitoneal administration was an efficient route for targeting 64Cu-RaftRGD to OCPMs with excellent tumor penetration. Using the fluorescence surrogate, Cy5.5-RaftRGD, in our unique high-resolution multifluorescence analysis, we found that the ITD of 64Cu-RaftRGD was spatially distinct from, but complementary to, that of hypoxia. 64Cu-RaftRGD-based PET enabled clear visualization of multiple OCPM deposits and ascites and biodistribution analysis demonstrated an inverse correlation between tumor uptake and tumor size (1.2-17.2 mm). 64Cu-RaftRGD at a radiotherapeutic dose (148 MBq/0.357 nmol) showed antitumor activities by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, with negligible toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results demonstrate the all-in-one potential of 64Cu-RaftRGD for imaging guided radiotherapy of OCPM by targeting both tumoral neovessels and cancerous cells. On the basis of the ITD finding, we propose that pairing αVβ3- and hypoxia-targeted radiotherapies could improve therapeutic efficacy by overcoming the heterogeneity of ITD encountered with single-agent treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Jin
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
| | | | - Aya Sugyo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obara
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Wakizaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kuan Hu
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Pascal Dumy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Tatsuya Higashi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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13
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Li D, Patel CB, Xu G, Iagaru A, Zhu Z, Zhang L, Cheng Z. Visualization of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets in Glioma With Molecular Imaging. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592389. [PMID: 33193439 PMCID: PMC7662122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, particularly high-grade gliomas including glioblastoma (GBM), represent the most common and malignant types of primary brain cancer in adults, and carry a poor prognosis. GBM has been classified into distinct subgroups over the years based on cellular morphology, clinical characteristics, biomarkers, and neuroimaging findings. Based on these classifications, differences in therapeutic response and patient outcomes have been established. Recently, the identification of complex molecular signatures of GBM has led to the development of diverse targeted therapeutic regimens and translation into multiple clinical trials. Chemical-, peptide-, antibody-, and nanoparticle-based probes have been designed to target specific molecules in gliomas and then be visualized with multimodality molecular imaging (MI) techniques including positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thus, multiple molecules of interest can now be noninvasively imaged to guide targeted therapies with a potential survival benefit. Here, we review developments in molecular-targeted diagnosis and therapy in glioma, MI of these targets, and MI monitoring of treatment response, with a focus on the biological mechanisms of these advanced molecular probes. MI probes have the potential to noninvasively demonstrate the pathophysiologic features of glioma for diagnostic, treatment, and response assessment considerations for various targeted therapies, including immunotherapy. However, most MI tracers are in preclinical development, with only integrin αVβ3 and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant MI tracers having been translated to patients. Expanded international collaborations would accelerate translational research in the field of glioma MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deling Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Beijing, China
| | - Chirag B Patel
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Guofan Xu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Andrei Iagaru
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Beijing, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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14
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Pirooznia N, Abdi K, Beiki D, Emami F, Arab SS, Sabzevari O, Soltani-Gooshkhaneh S. 177Lu-labeled cyclic RGD peptide as an imaging and targeted radionuclide therapeutic agent in non-small cell lung cancer: Biological evaluation and preclinical study. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104100. [PMID: 32711088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is among the most lethal lung cancers responsible for 80-85% of death. αvβ3 integrin receptor subtype has been identified as a lung cancer biomarker since its expression correlates with tumor progression and metastasis. The extracellular domain of the receptor forms a binding site for RGD-based sequences. Therefore, specific targeting of αvβ3 integrin receptors by these short peptides can be an excellent candidate for cancer imaging and therapy. In this research, the radiolabeling of DOTA-E(cRGDfK)2 with 177Lu was efficiently implemented. The Log P value, in vivo, in vitro, metabolic stability, cellular uptake and specific binding of the radiopeptide was determined. The tumor targeting capacity and the therapeutic potential of the radiotracer was studied in A549 tumor-bearing mice. Imaging studies at different time intervals were performed by SPECT/CT. Radiochemical purity of more than 99% and Log P of -3.878 was obtained for 177Lu-labelled peptide. Radiotracer showed favorable in vivo, in vitro and metabolic stability. The radiopeptide dissociation constant (Kd) was 15.07 nM. Radiopeptide specific binding was more than 95%. Biodistribution studies showed high accumulation of the radiopeptide in tumor and rapid excretion by urinary route. Maximum tumor uptake was at 4 h post-injection. Following administration of this radiopeptide to mice, not only tumor growth was suppressed, but significant tumor shrinkage was also observed. In conclusion, this radiopeptide can be employed for staging, follow-up imaging and as peptide receptor radionuclide therapeutic agent allowing efficient therapy for NSCLC and other cancers overexpressing αvβ3 integrin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Pirooznia
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrou Abdi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Davood Beiki
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Emami
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Imam Reza International University, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Sabzevari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Soltani-Gooshkhaneh
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Imam Reza International University, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Borbély A, Thoreau F, Figueras E, Kadri M, Coll J, Boturyn D, Sewald N. Synthesis and Biological Characterization of Monomeric and Tetrameric RGD-Cryptophycin Conjugates. Chemistry 2020; 26:2602-2605. [PMID: 31943410 PMCID: PMC7064988 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The effective delivery of cytotoxic agents to tumor cells is a key challenge in anticancer therapy. Multivalent integrinspecific ligands are considered a promising tool to increase the binding affinity, selectivity, and internalization efficiency of small-molecule drug conjugates. Herein, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a multimeric conjugate containing the high-affinity integrin αv β3 binding ligand RAFT-c(RGDfK)4 , a lysosomally cleavable Val-Cit linker, and cryptophycin-55 glycinate, a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. In vitro cytotoxicity assays verified that the multimeric RGD-cryptophycin conjugate displays improved potency compared to the monomeric analogue in integrin αv β3 overexpressing tumor cell lines, while significantly reduced activity was observed in the integrin-negative cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Borbély
- Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Fabien Thoreau
- CNRS, Department of Molecular ChemistryUniversity Grenoble Alpes, UMR 525038000GrenobleFrance
| | - Eduard Figueras
- Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Malika Kadri
- Institute for Advanced BiosciencesUniversity Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209—UMR CNRS 530938700GrenobleFrance
| | - Jean‐Luc Coll
- Institute for Advanced BiosciencesUniversity Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209—UMR CNRS 530938700GrenobleFrance
| | - Didier Boturyn
- CNRS, Department of Molecular ChemistryUniversity Grenoble Alpes, UMR 525038000GrenobleFrance
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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16
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Schreiber CL, Zhai C, Dempsey JM, McGarraugh HH, Matthews BP, Christmann CR, Smith B. Paired Agent Fluorescence Imaging of Cancer in a Living Mouse Using Preassembled Squaraine Molecular Probes with Emission Wavelengths of 690 and 830 nm. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:214-223. [PMID: 31756298 PMCID: PMC7768864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
New methods are described for the construction of targeted fluorescence probes for imaging cancer and the assessment of tumor targeting performance in a living mouse model. A novel noncovalent assembly process was used to fabricate a set of structurally related targeted fluorescent probes with modular differences in three critical assembly components: the emission wavelength of the squaraine fluorochrome, the number of cRGDfK peptide units that target the cancer cells, and the length of the polyethylene glycol chains as pharmacokinetic controllers. Selective targeting of cancer cells was proven by a series of cell microscopy experiments followed by in vivo imaging of subcutaneous tumors in living mice. The mouse imaging studies included a mock surgery that completely removed a fluorescently labeled tumor. Enhanced tumor accumulation due to probe targeting was first evaluated by conducting Single Agent Imaging (SAI) experiments that compared tumor imaging performance of a targeted probe and untargeted probe in separate mouse cohorts. Although there was imaging evidence for enhanced tumor accumulation of the targeted probe, there was moderate scatter in the data due to tumor-to-tumor variability of the vasculature structure and interstitial pressure. A subsequent Paired Agent Imaging (PAI) study coinjected a binary mixture of targeted probe (with emission at 690 nm) and untargeted probe (with emission at 830 nm) into the same tumor-burdened animal. The conclusion of the PAI experiment also indicated enhanced tumor accumulation of the targeted probe, but the statistical significance was much higher, even though the experiment required a much smaller cohort of mice. The imaging data from the PAI experiment was analyzed to determine the targeted probe's Binding Potential (BP) for available integrin receptors within the tumor tissue. In addition, pixelated maps of BP within each tumor indicated a heterogeneous spatial distribution of BP values. The results of this study show that the combination of fluorescent probe preassembly and PAI is a promising new way to rapidly develop targeted fluorescent probes for tumors with high BP and eventual use in clinical applications such as targeted therapy, image guided surgery, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L. Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Canjia Zhai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Janel M. Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Hannah H. McGarraugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Braden P. Matthews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Caroline R. Christmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Bradley Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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17
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Li M, Sagastume EE, Lee D, McAlister D, DeGraffenreid AJ, Olewine KR, Graves S, Copping R, Mirzadeh S, Zimmerman BE, Larsen R, Johnson FL, Schultz MK. 203/212Pb Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals for Image-guided Radionuclide Therapy for Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:7003-7031. [PMID: 32720598 PMCID: PMC10613023 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200727190423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-targeted image-guided Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) is increasingly recognized as a promising approach to cancer treatment. In particular, the potential for clinical translation of receptor-targeted alpha-particle therapy is receiving considerable attention as an approach that can improve outcomes for cancer patients. Higher Linear-energy Transfer (LET) of alpha-particles (compared to beta particles) for this purpose results in an increased incidence of double-strand DNA breaks and improved-localized cancer-cell damage. Recent clinical studies provide compelling evidence that alpha-TRT has the potential to deliver a significantly more potent anti-cancer effect compared with beta-TRT. Generator-produced 212Pb (which decays to alpha emitters 212Bi and 212Po) is a particularly promising radionuclide for receptor-targeted alpha-particle therapy. A second attractive feature that distinguishes 212Pb alpha-TRT from other available radionuclides is the possibility to employ elementallymatched isotope 203Pb as an imaging surrogate in place of the therapeutic radionuclide. As direct non-invasive measurement of alpha-particle emissions cannot be conducted using current medical scanner technology, the imaging surrogate allows for a pharmacologically-inactive determination of the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of TRT candidate ligands in advance of treatment. Thus, elementally-matched 203Pb labeled radiopharmaceuticals can be used to identify patients who may benefit from 212Pb alpha-TRT and apply appropriate dosimetry and treatment planning in advance of the therapy. In this review, we provide a brief history on the use of these isotopes for cancer therapy; describe the decay and chemical characteristics of 203/212Pb for their use in cancer theranostics and methodologies applied for production and purification of these isotopes for radiopharmaceutical production. In addition, a medical physics and dosimetry perspective is provided that highlights the potential of 212Pb for alpha-TRT and the expected safety for 203Pb surrogate imaging. Recent and current preclinical and clinical studies are presented. The sum of the findings herein and observations presented provide evidence that the 203Pb/212Pb theranostic pair has a promising future for use in radiopharmaceutical theranostic therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Li
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA USA
| | | | - Dongyoul Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Graves
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Roy Copping
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge TN USA
| | - Saed Mirzadeh
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge TN USA
| | - Brian E. Zimmerman
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Frances L. Johnson
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa USA
| | - Michael K. Schultz
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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18
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Zhang L, Shan X, Meng X, Gu T, Guo L, An X, Jiang Q, Ge H, Ning X. Novel Integrin αvβ3-Specific Ligand for the Sensitive Diagnosis of Glioblastoma. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3977-3984. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Shan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Leilei Guo
- Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center of China Pharmaceutical University and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Xueying An
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haixiong Ge
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Xinghai Ning
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
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19
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Zhou Y, Li J, Xu X, Zhao M, Zhang B, Deng S, Wu Y. 64Cu-based Radiopharmaceuticals in Molecular Imaging. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 18:1533033819830758. [PMID: 30764737 PMCID: PMC6378420 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819830758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-64 (T1/2 = 12.7 hours; β+: 19%, β-: 38%) has a unique decay profile and can be used for positron emission tomography imaging and radionuclide therapy. The well-established coordination chemistry of copper allows for its reaction with different types of chelator systems. It can be linked to antibodies, proteins, peptides, and other biologically relevant small molecules. Two potential ways to produce copper-64 radioisotopes concern the use of the cyclotron or the reactor. This review summarized several commonly used biomarkers of copper-64 radionuclide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Zhou
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jihui Li
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Xu
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Man Zhao
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengming Deng
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Wu
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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20
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Sacco G, Dal Corso A, Arosio D, Belvisi L, Paolillo M, Pignataro L, Gennari C. A dimeric bicyclic RGD ligand displays enhanced integrin binding affinity and strong biological effects on U-373 MG glioblastoma cells. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8913-8917. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01811e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A C2-symmetric dimeric bicyclic integrin ligand, bearing two RGD motifs, displays enhanced biological effects compared to monovalent RGD analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sacco
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Milan
- Italy
| | | | - Daniela Arosio
- CNR
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Milan
- Italy
- CNR
| | - Mayra Paolillo
- Università degli Studi di Pavia
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Milan
- Italy
- CNR
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21
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Gutfilen B, Souza SA, Valentini G. Copper-64: a real theranostic agent. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3235-3245. [PMID: 30323557 PMCID: PMC6173185 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s170879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing studies of physiological and pathological processes have led to a corresponding need for new radiopharmaceuticals, especially when studies are limited by the absence of a particular radiolabeled target. Thus, the development of new radioactive tracers is highly relevant and can represent a significant contribution to efforts to elucidate important phenomena in biology. Currently, theranostics represents a new frontier in the fields of medicine and nuclear medicine, with the same compound being used for both diagnosis and treatment. In the human body, copper (Cu) is the third most abundant metal and it plays a crucial role in many biological functions. Correspondingly, in various acquired and inherited pathological conditions, such as cancer and Alzheimer’s disease, alterations in Cu levels have been found. Moreover, a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders are associated with higher or lower levels of Cu, as well as inappropriately bound or distributed levels of Cu in the brain. In human cells, the membrane protein, hCtr1, binds Cu in its Cu(I) oxidation state in an energy-dependent manner. Copper-64 (64Cu) is a cyclotron-produced radionuclide that has exhibited physical properties that are complementary for diagnosis and/or therapeutic purposes. To date, very few reports have described the clinical development of 64Cu as a radiotracer for cancer imaging. In this review, we highlight recent insights in our understanding and use of 64CuCl2 as a theranostic agent for various types of tumors. To the best of our knowledge, no adverse effects or clinically observable pharmacological effects have been described for 64CuCl2 in the literature. Thus, 64Cu represents a revolutionary radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography imaging and opens a new era in the theranostic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Gutfilen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Laboratório de Marcação de Células e Moléculas (LMCM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
| | - Sergio Al Souza
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Laboratório de Marcação de Células e Moléculas (LMCM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
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Shaw SK, Liu W, Gómez Durán CFA, Schreiber CL, Betancourt Mendiola MDL, Zhai C, Roland FM, Padanilam SJ, Smith BD. Non-Covalently Pre-Assembled High-Performance Near-Infrared Fluorescent Molecular Probes for Cancer Imaging. Chemistry 2018; 24:13821-13829. [PMID: 30022552 PMCID: PMC6415912 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New fluorescent molecular probes, which can selectively target specific cell surface receptors, are needed for microscopy, in vivo imaging, and image guided surgery. The preparation of multivalent probes using standard synthetic chemistry can be a laborious process due to low reaction yields caused by steric effects. In this study, fluorescent molecular probes were prepared by a programmed non-covalent pre-assembly process that used a near-infrared fluorescent squaraine dye to thread a macrocycle bearing a cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartate peptide antagonist (cRGDfK) as a cancer targeting unit. Cell microscopy studies using OVCAR-4 (ovarian cancer) and A549 (lung cancer) cells that express high levels of the integrin αvβ3 or αvβ5 receptors, respectively, revealed a multivalent cell targeting effect. That is, there was comparatively more cell uptake of a pre-assembled probe equipped with two copies of the cRGDfK antagonist than a pre-assembled probe with only one appended cRGDfK antagonist. The remarkably high photostability and low phototoxicity of these near-infrared probes allowed for acquisition of long-term fluorescence movies showing endosome trafficking in living cells. In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging experiments compared the biodistribution of a targeted and untargeted probe in a xenograft mouse tumor model. The average tumor-to-muscle ratio for the pre-assembled targeted probe was 3.6 which matches the tumor targeting performance reported for analogous cRGDfK-based probes that were prepared entirely by covalent synthesis. The capability to excite these pre-assembled near-infrared fluorescent probes with blue or deep-red excitation light makes it possible to determine if a target site is located superficially or buried in tissue, a probe performance feature that is likely to be very helpful for eventual applications such as fluorescence guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Shaw
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
| | | | - Cynthia L Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
| | | | - Canjia Zhai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
| | - Felicia M Roland
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
| | - Simon J Padanilam
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
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23
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Yoshii Y, Yoshimoto M, Matsumoto H, Tashima H, Iwao Y, Takuwa H, Yoshida E, Wakizaka H, Yamaya T, Zhang MR, Sugyo A, Hanadate S, Tsuji AB, Higashi T. Integrated treatment using intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy and positron emission tomography-guided surgery with 64Cu-labeled cetuximab to treat early- and late-phase peritoneal dissemination in human gastrointestinal cancer xenografts. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28935-28950. [PMID: 29989003 PMCID: PMC6034757 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination is a common cause of death from gastrointestinal cancers and is difficult to treat using current therapeutic options, particularly late-phase disease. Here, we investigated the feasibility of integrated therapy using 64Cu-intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy (ipRIT), alone or in combination with positron emission tomography (PET)-guided surgery using a theranostic agent (64Cu-labeled anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab) to treat early- and late-phase peritoneal dissemination in mouse models. In this study, we utilized the OpenPET system, which has open space for conducting surgery while monitoring objects at high resolution in real time, as a novel approach to make PET-guided surgery feasible. 64Cu-ipRIT with cetuximab inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival with little toxicity in mice with early-phase peritoneal dissemination of small lesions. For late-phase peritoneal dissemination, a combination of 64Cu-ipRIT for down-staging and subsequent OpenPET-guided surgery for resecting large tumor masses effectively prolonged survival. OpenPET clearly detected tumors (≥3 mm in size) behind other organs in the peritoneal cavity and was useful for confirming the presence or absence of residual tumors during an operation. These findings suggest that integrated 64Cu therapy can serve as a novel treatment strategy for peritoneal dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Yoshii
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Yoshimoto
- Division of Functional Imaging, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Hideaki Tashima
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuma Iwao
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takuwa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Yoshida
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Wakizaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taiga Yamaya
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aya Sugyo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sayaka Hanadate
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Jin ZH, Tsuji AB, Degardin M, Sugyo A, Yoshii Y, Nagatsu K, Zhang MR, Fujibayashi Y, Dumy P, Boturyn D, Higashi T. Uniform intratumoral distribution of radioactivity produced using two different radioagents, 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-) 4 and 64Cu-ATSM, improves therapeutic efficacy in a small animal tumor model. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:54. [PMID: 29923139 PMCID: PMC6008272 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study proposed a new concept for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) to improve the intratumoral distribution of radioactivity using two different radiopharmaceuticals. We examined the efficacy of a combination of a tetrameric cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD) peptide-based radiopharmaceutical, 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 (64Cu-RaftRGD, an αVβ3 integrin [αVβ3] tracer), and 64Cu-diacetyl-bis (N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (64Cu-ATSM, a supposed tracer for hypoxic metabolism) in a small animal tumor model. Results Mice with subcutaneous αVβ3-positive U87MG glioblastoma xenografts were used. The intratumoral distribution of a near-infrared dye, Cy5.5-labeled RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 (Cy5.5-RaftRGD), 64Cu-RaftRGD, and 64Cu-ATSM was visualized by fluorescence imaging and autoradiography of the co-injected Cy5.5-RaftRGD with 64Cu-RaftRGD or 64Cu-ATSM at 3 h postinjection. Mice were treated with a single intravenous dose of the vehicle solution (control), 18.5 or 37 MBq of 64Cu-RaftRGD or 64Cu-ATSM, or a combination (18.5 MBq of each agent). The tumor volume, tumor cell proliferation, body weight, survival, and tumor and organ uptake of radiopharmaceuticals were assessed. It was shown that Cy5.5-RaftRGD colocalized with 64Cu-RaftRGD and could be used as a surrogate for the radioactive agent. The intratumoral distribution of Cy5.5-RaftRGD and 64Cu-ATSM was discordant and nearly complementary, indicating a more uniform distribution of radioactivity achievable with the combined use of 64Cu-RaftRGD and 64Cu-ATSM. Neither 64Cu-RaftRGD nor 64Cu-ATSM showed significant effects on tumor growth at 18.5 MBq. The combination of both (18.5 MBq each) showed sustained inhibitory effects against tumor growth and tumor cell proliferation and prolonged the survival of the mice, compared to that by either single agent at 37 MBq. Interestingly, the uptake of the combination by the tumor was higher than that of 64Cu-RaftRGD alone, but lower than that of 64Cu-ATSM alone. The kidneys showed the highest uptake of 64Cu-RaftRGD, whereas the liver exhibited the highest uptake of 64Cu-ATSM. No obvious adverse effects were observed in all treated mice. Conclusions The combination of 64Cu-RaftRGD and 64Cu-ATSM achieved an improved antitumor effect owing to the more uniform intratumoral distribution of radioactivity. Thus, combining different radiopharmaceuticals to improve the intratumoral distribution would be a promising concept for more effective and safer TRT. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-018-0407-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Jin
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Mélissa Degardin
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire-UMR CNRS 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Aya Sugyo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yukie Yoshii
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Fujibayashi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Pascal Dumy
- IBMM, UMR-5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 34296, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Didier Boturyn
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire-UMR CNRS 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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25
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Amato E, Cicone F, Auditore L, Baldari S, Prior JO, Gnesin S. A Monte Carlo model for the internal dosimetry of choroid plexuses in nuclear medicine procedures. Phys Med 2018; 49:52-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Shaw SK, Schreiber CL, Roland FM, Battles PM, Brennan SP, Padanilam SJ, Smith BD. High expression of integrin αvβ3 enables uptake of targeted fluorescent probes into ovarian cancer cells and tumors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2085-2091. [PMID: 29548784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell line OVCAR-4 was recently ranked as one of the most representative cell lines for high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). However, little work has been done to assess the susceptibility of OVCAR-4 cells and tumors to the more common types of molecular targeting. Proteome profiles suggest OVCAR-4 express high levels of integrin αvβ3 receptors. Using flow cytometry with fluorescent antibodies we determined that OVCAR-4 cells have high number of integrin αvβ3 receptors ([9.8 ± 2.5] × 104/cell) compared to the well-characterized cell line U87-MG ([5.2 ± 1.4] × 104/cell). However, OVCAR-4 cells also have roughly three times the surface area of U87-MG cells, so the average αvβ3 receptor density is actually lower (11 ± 3 versus 18 ± 6 receptors/µm2). A series of new fluorescent molecular probes was prepared with structures comprised of a deep-red squaraine fluorophore (∼680 nm emission) covalently attached to zero, one, or two cyclic pentapeptide cRGD sequences for integrin targeting. Microscopy studies showed that uptake of the divalent probe into cultured OVCAR-4 cells was 2.2 ± 0.4 higher than the monovalent probe, which in turn was 2.2 ± 0.4 higher than the untargeted probe. This probe targeting trend was also seen in OVCAR-4 mouse tumor models. The results suggest that clinically relevant OVCAR-4 cells can be targeted using molecular probes based on αvβ3 integrin receptor antagonists such as the cRGD peptide. Furthermore, deep-red fluorescent cRGD-squaraine probes have potential as targeted stains of cancerous tissue associated with HGSOC in surgery and pathology settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Shaw
- University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46545, United States
| | - Cynthia L Schreiber
- University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46545, United States
| | - Felicia M Roland
- University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46545, United States
| | - Paul M Battles
- University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46545, United States
| | - Seamus P Brennan
- University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46545, United States
| | - Simon J Padanilam
- University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46545, United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46545, United States.
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27
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Ohshima Y, Sudo H, Watanabe S, Nagatsu K, Tsuji AB, Sakashita T, Ito YM, Yoshinaga K, Higashi T, Ishioka NS. Antitumor effects of radionuclide treatment using α-emitting meta- 211At-astato-benzylguanidine in a PC12 pheochromocytoma model. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:999-1010. [PMID: 29350258 PMCID: PMC5915519 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Therapeutic options for patients with malignant pheochromocytoma are currently limited, and therefore new treatment approaches are being sought. Targeted radionuclide therapy provides tumor-specific systemic treatments. The β-emitting radiopharmaceutical meta-131I-iodo-benzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) provides limited survival benefits and has adverse effects. A new generation of radionuclides for therapy using α-particles including meta-211At-astato-benzylguanidine (211At-MABG) are expected to have strong therapeutic effects with minimal side effects. However, this possibility has not been evaluated in an animal model of pheochromocytoma. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the α-emitter 211At-MABG in a pheochromocytoma model. METHODS We evaluated tumor volume-reducing effects of 211At-MABG using rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 tumor-bearing mice. PC12 tumor-bearing mice received intravenous injections of 211At-MABG (0.28, 0.56, 1.11, 1.85, 3.70 and 5.55 MBq; five mice per group). Tumor volumes were evaluated for 8 weeks after 211At-MABG administration. The control group of ten mice received phosphate-buffered saline. RESULTS The 211At-MABG-treated mice showed significantly lower relative tumor growth during the first 38 days than the control mice. The relative tumor volumes on day 21 were 509.2% ± 169.1% in the control mice and 9.6% ± 5.5% in the mice receiving 0.56 MBq (p < 0.01). In addition, the mice treated with 0.28, 0.56 and 1.11 MBq of 211At-MABG showed only a temporary weight reduction, with recovery in weight by day 10. CONCLUSION 211At-MABG exhibited a strong tumor volume-reducing effect in a mouse model of pheochromocytoma without weight reduction. Therefore, 211At-MABG might be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant pheochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanukimachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sudo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeki Watanabe
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanukimachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakashita
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanukimachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Department of Biostatistics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Yoshinaga
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Noriko S Ishioka
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanukimachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
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28
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Comegna D, Zannetti A, Del Gatto A, de Paola I, Russo L, Di Gaetano S, Liguoro A, Capasso D, Saviano M, Zaccaro L. Chemical Modification for Proteolytic Stabilization of the Selective α vβ 3 Integrin RGDechi Peptide: in Vitro and in Vivo Activities on Malignant Melanoma Cells. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9874-9884. [PMID: 29144748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and biological characterization of the new peptide ψRGDechi as the first step toward novel-targeted theranostics in melanoma. This pseudopeptide is designed from our previously reported RGDechi peptide, known to bind selectively αvβ3 integrin, and differs for a modified amide bond at the main protease cleavage site. This chemical modification drastically reduces the enzymatic degradation in serum, compared to its parental peptide, resulting in an overall magnification of the biological activity on a highly expressing αvβ3 human metastatic melanoma cell line. Selective inhibition of cell adhesion, wound healing, and invasion are demonstrated; near-infrared fluorescent ψRGDechi derivative is able to detect αvβ3 integrin in human melanoma xenografts in a selective fashion. More, molecular docking studies confirm that ψRGDechi recognizes the receptor similarly to RGDechi. All these findings pave the way for the future employment of this novel peptide as promising targeting probe and therapeutic agent in melanoma disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Comegna
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Zannetti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR , Via De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Del Gatto
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center of Bioactive Peptide, University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan de Paola
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center of Bioactive Peptide, University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Liguoro
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Saviano
- Interdepartmental Center of Bioactive Peptide, University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.,Institute of Crystallography-CNR , Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Zaccaro
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center of Bioactive Peptide, University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
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29
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Raposo Moreira Dias A, Pina A, Dal Corso A, Arosio D, Belvisi L, Pignataro L, Caruso M, Gennari C. Multivalency Increases the Binding Strength of RGD Peptidomimetic-Paclitaxel Conjugates to Integrin α V β 3. Chemistry 2017; 23:14410-14415. [PMID: 28816404 PMCID: PMC5656903 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the synthesis of three multimeric RGD peptidomimetic‐paclitaxel conjugates featuring a number of αVβ3 integrin ligands ranging from 2 to 4. These constructs were assembled by conjugation of the integrin αVβ3 ligand cyclo[DKP‐RGD]‐CH2NH2 with paclitaxel via a 2′‐carbamate with a self‐immolative spacer, the lysosomally cleavable Val‐Ala dipeptide linker, a multimeric scaffold, a triazole linkage, and finally a PEG spacer. Two monomeric conjugates were also synthesized as reference compounds. Remarkably, the new multimeric conjugates showed a binding affinity for the purified integrin αVβ3 receptor that increased with the number of integrin ligands (reaching a minimum IC50 value of 1.2 nm for the trimeric), thus demonstrating that multivalency is an effective strategy to strengthen the ligand–target interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Raposo Moreira Dias
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy), Fax: (+39) 02-5031-4072
| | - Arianna Pina
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy), Fax: (+39) 02-5031-4072
| | - Alberto Dal Corso
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy), Fax: (+39) 02-5031-4072
| | - Daniela Arosio
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy), Fax: (+39) 02-5031-4072.,CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy), Fax: (+39) 02-5031-4072
| | - Michele Caruso
- Nerviano Medical Sciences, Viale Pasteur, 10, 20014, Nerviano, Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy), Fax: (+39) 02-5031-4072.,CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
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30
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Li M, Zhang X, Quinn TP, Lee D, Liu D, Kunkel F, Zimmerman BE, McAlister D, Olewein K, Menda Y, Mirzadeh S, Copping R, Johnson FL, Schultz MK. Automated cassette-based production of high specific activity [ 203/212Pb]peptide-based theranostic radiopharmaceuticals for image-guided radionuclide therapy for cancer. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 127:52-60. [PMID: 28521118 PMCID: PMC6295910 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A method for preparation of Pb-212 and Pb-203 labeled chelator-modified peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for cancer imaging and radionuclide therapy has been developed and adapted for automated clinical production. Pre-concentration and isolation of radioactive Pb2+ from interfering metals in dilute hydrochloric acid was optimized using a commercially-available Pb-specific chromatography resin packed in disposable plastic columns. The pre-concentrated radioactive Pb2+ is eluted in NaOAc buffer directly to the reaction vessel containing chelator-modified peptides. Radiolabeling was found to proceed efficiently at 85°C (45min; pH 5.5). The specific activity of radiolabeled conjugates was optimized by separation of radiolabeled conjugates from unlabeled peptide via HPLC. Preservation of bioactivity was confirmed by in vivo biodistribution of Pb-203 and Pb-212 labeled peptides in melanoma-tumor-bearing mice. The approach has been found to be robustly adaptable to automation and a cassette-based fluid-handling system (Modular Lab Pharm Tracer) has been customized for clinical radiopharmaceutical production. Our findings demonstrate that the Pb-203/Pb-212 combination is a promising elementally-matched radionuclide pair for image-guided radionuclide therapy for melanoma, neuroendocrine tumors, and potentially other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Li
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Thomas P Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Dongyoul Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dijie Liu
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Falk Kunkel
- Eckert & Ziegler Radiopharma GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian E Zimmerman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Yusuf Menda
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Saed Mirzadeh
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Roy Copping
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Frances L Johnson
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, LLC, Coralville, IA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael K Schultz
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, LLC, Coralville, IA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology (Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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31
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Ma Y, Ai G, Zhang C, Zhao M, Dong X, Han Z, Wang Z, Zhang M, Liu Y, Gao W, Li S, Gu Y. Novel Linear Peptides with High Affinity to αvβ3 Integrin for Precise Tumor Identification. Theranostics 2017; 7:1511-1523. [PMID: 28529634 PMCID: PMC5436510 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of alternative linear peptides for targeting αvβ3 integrin has attracted much attention, as the traditional peptide ligand, cyclic RGD, is limited by inferior water-solubility and complex synthesis. Using pharmacophore-based virtual screening and high-throughput molecular docking, we identified two novel linear small peptides RWr and RWrNM with high affinity and specificity to αvβ3 integrin. The competitive binding with cyclic RGD (c(RGDyK)) and cellular uptake related to the integrin expression levels verified their affinity to αvβ3 integrin. The intermolecular interaction measurement and dynamics simulation demonstrated the high binding affinity and stability, especially for RWrNM. In vivo peptide-guided tumor imaging and targeted therapy further confirmed their specificity. Results indicated that the newly identified small linear peptide RWrNM, with high affinity and specificity to αvβ3 integrin, better water-solubility, and simplified synthetic process, could overcome limitations of the current cyclic RGD peptides, paving the way for diverse use in diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yueqing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjia Road, 210009 (China)
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32
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67Cu-Radiolabeling of a multimeric RGD peptide for αVβ3 integrin-targeted radionuclide therapy. Nucl Med Commun 2017; 38:347-355. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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