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Hu Y, Yin SY, Deng T, Li J. A novel pH-activated AIEgen probe for dynamic lysosome tracking and high-efficiency photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3047-3050. [PMID: 38376492 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
A novel AIEgen molecular probe (N-3QL) with typical AIE effects, good biocompatibility, lysosome targeting, pH activation, excellent photostability, and high brightness was synthesized using two simple synthetic steps. Spectroscopic and cytotoxicity experiments indicate that N-3QL can not only be used for the dynamic monitoring of cancer cell lysosomes, but also for photodynamic therapy (PDT) ablation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Sheng-Yan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Ting Deng
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Jishan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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2
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Wei KN, Song GX, Huang SZ, Tang Q, Hu JH, Tao Z, Huang Y. Lab-on-a-Molecule Probe: Multitarget Detection of Five Aromatic Pesticides Using a Supramolecular Probe under Single Wavelength Excitation. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:5784-5793. [PMID: 35506583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to prevent and control the effects of pesticide residues on human health and the ecological environment, the rapid, highly sensitive, and selective detection of multiple pesticide residues has become an urgent problem to be solved. Herein, a lab-on-a-molecule probe based on a host-guest complex (ThT@Q[8] probe) has been developed to simultaneously analyze multiple aromatic pesticides under single wavelength excitation, such as fuberidazole, thiabendazole, carbendazim, thidiazuron, and tricyclazole. The fluorescence titration spectra of the ThT@Q[8] probe with the five pesticides mentioned above showed that the fluorescence intensity exhibited a good linear correlation with the pesticide concentration and the limit of detection was as low as 10-7 M. Because the ThT@Q[8] probe exhibits diverse fluorescence color changes to the five pesticides studied under a 365 nm ultraviolet lamp, we fabricated a single probe used to detect multiple analytes in the RGB triple channel by extracting the RGB variations. Principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis proved that the ThT@Q[8] probe can recognize and distinguish five pesticides and can be applied at different concentrations. In real samples, the ThT@Q[8] probe recognized and distinguished five pesticides in tap water and Huaxi River water. The 1H NMR spectra results proved that a charge-transfer complex of ThT and pesticides in the Q[8] cavity may be formed. Moreover, we selected a test strip as a carrier to detect pesticides. The results indicate it can be used to quickly and conveniently detect different pesticides due to the rapid color change. Besides, the ThT@Q[8] probe has good cell permeability and can be used to detect pesticide residues in living cells. This work has laid the foundation for the qualitative and quantitative multitarget detection of pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ni Wei
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Gui-Xian Song
- ShenQi Ethnic Medicine College of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qing Tang
- Department College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jian-Hang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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3
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Liew SS, Zeng Z, Cheng P, He S, Zhang C, Pu K. Renal-Clearable Molecular Probe for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Urinalysis of SARS-CoV-2. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18827-18831. [PMID: 34672551 PMCID: PMC8547506 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of rapid and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, current diagnostic methods are static and unable to distinguish between viable/nonviable virus or directly reflect viral replication activity. Real-time imaging of protease activity specific to SARS-CoV-2 can overcome these issues but remains lacking. Herein, we report a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) activatable molecular probe (SARS-CyCD) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 protease in living mice. The probe comprises a hemicyanine fluorophore caged with a protease peptide substrate and a cyclodextrin unit, which function as an NIRF signaling moiety and a renal-clearable enabler, respectively. The peptide substrate of SARS-CyCD can be specifically cleaved by SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), resulting in NIRF signal activation and liberation of the renal-clearable fluorescent fragment (CyCD). Such a design not only allows sensitive detection of Mpro in the lungs of living mice after intratracheal administration but also permits optical urinalysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, this study presents an in vivo sensor that holds potential in preclinical high-throughput drug screening and clinical diagnostics for respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Si Liew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
| | - Ziling Zeng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
| | - Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
| | - Shasha He
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637457
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 637371
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine,
Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore 636921
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4
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Liew SS, Zeng Z, Cheng P, He S, Zhang C, Pu K. Renal-Clearable Molecular Probe for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Urinalysis of SARS-CoV-2. J Am Chem Soc 2021. [PMID: 34672551 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1021c08017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of rapid and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, current diagnostic methods are static and unable to distinguish between viable/nonviable virus or directly reflect viral replication activity. Real-time imaging of protease activity specific to SARS-CoV-2 can overcome these issues but remains lacking. Herein, we report a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) activatable molecular probe (SARS-CyCD) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 protease in living mice. The probe comprises a hemicyanine fluorophore caged with a protease peptide substrate and a cyclodextrin unit, which function as an NIRF signaling moiety and a renal-clearable enabler, respectively. The peptide substrate of SARS-CyCD can be specifically cleaved by SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), resulting in NIRF signal activation and liberation of the renal-clearable fluorescent fragment (CyCD). Such a design not only allows sensitive detection of Mpro in the lungs of living mice after intratracheal administration but also permits optical urinalysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, this study presents an in vivo sensor that holds potential in preclinical high-throughput drug screening and clinical diagnostics for respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Si Liew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Ziling Zeng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Shasha He
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
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5
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6
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Da Mota M, Cau J, Mateos-Langerak J, Lengronne A, Pasero P, Poli J. 3D positioning of tagged DNA loci by widefield and super-resolution fluorescence imaging of fixed yeast nuclei. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100525. [PMID: 34027483 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes how to culture, image, and determine the nuclear position of a fluorescently tagged DNA locus in the 3D nucleoplasm of fixed Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Here, we propose a manual scoring method based on widefield images and an automated method based on 3D-SIM images. Yeast culture conditions have to be followed meticulously to get the best biological response in a given environment. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Forey et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Da Mota
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Cau
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Julio Mateos-Langerak
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Armelle Lengronne
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Pasero
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Poli
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier, France
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7
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Yin Q, Pan A, Chen B, Wang Z, Tang M, Yan Y, Wang Y, Xia H, Chen W, Du H, Chen M, Fu C, Wang Y, Yuan X, Lu Z, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Quantitative imaging of intracellular nanoparticle exposure enables prediction of nanotherapeutic efficacy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2385. [PMID: 33888701 PMCID: PMC8062465 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle internalisation is crucial for the precise delivery of drug/genes to its intracellular targets. Conventional quantification strategies can provide the overall profiling of nanoparticle biodistribution, but fail to unambiguously differentiate the intracellularly bioavailable particles from those in tumour intravascular and extracellular microenvironment. Herein, we develop a binary ratiometric nanoreporter (BiRN) that can specifically convert subtle pH variations involved in the endocytic events into digitised signal output, enabling the accurately quantifying of cellular internalisation without introducing extracellular contributions. Using BiRN technology, we find only 10.7-28.2% of accumulated nanoparticles are internalised into intracellular compartments with high heterogeneity within and between different tumour types. We demonstrate the therapeutic responses of nanomedicines are successfully predicted based on intracellular nanoparticle exposure rather than the overall accumulation in tumour mass. This nonlinear optical nanotechnology offers a valuable imaging tool to evaluate the tumour targeting of new nanomedicines and stratify patients for personalised cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Anni Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Binlong Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zenghui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingmei Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoqi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heming Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meifang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanxun Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanni Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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8
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Kowada T, Watanabe T, Liu R, Mizukami S. Protocol for synthesis and use of a turn-on fluorescent probe for quantifying labile Zn 2+ in the Golgi apparatus in live cells. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100395. [PMID: 33796872 PMCID: PMC7995662 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analysis using a turn-on fluorescent probe is inherently difficult due to the dependency of the fluorescence intensity on the probe concentration. To overcome this limitation, we developed an in situ quantification method using a turn-on fluorescent probe and a standard fluorophore, which are colocalized by protein tag technology. This protocol describes the synthesis of a Zn2+ probe, named ZnDA-1H, and the procedure to quantify the labile Zn2+ concentration in the Golgi of live HeLa cells by confocal fluorescence microscopy. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kowada et al. (2020). Protocol for organic synthesis of turn-on Zn2+ fluorescent probe, ZnDA-1H ZnDA-1H is less pH sensitive and suitable for detecting labile Zn2+ in the Golgi Protocol for Zn2+ quantification method in live cells by confocal microscopy
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Kowada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Corresponding author
| | - Tomomi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Rong Liu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shin Mizukami
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Corresponding author
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9
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Shenderovich IG. 1,3,5-Triaza-7-Phosphaadamantane (PTA) as a 31P NMR Probe for Organometallic Transition Metal Complexes in Solution. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051390. [PMID: 33806666 PMCID: PMC7961616 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the rigid structure of 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA), its 31P chemical shift solely depends on non-covalent interactions in which the molecule is involved. The maximum range of change caused by the most common of these, hydrogen bonding, is only 6 ppm, because the active site is one of the PTA nitrogen atoms. In contrast, when the PTA phosphorus atom is coordinated to a metal, the range of change exceeds 100 ppm. This feature can be used to support or reject specific structural models of organometallic transition metal complexes in solution by comparing the experimental and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculated values of this 31P chemical shift. This approach has been tested on a variety of the metals of groups 8-12 and molecular structures. General recommendations for appropriate basis sets are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya G Shenderovich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Kučera R, Sčensná A, Miletín M, Zimčík P. The chromatographic behaviour of new double-labelled oligodeoxynucleotide probes containing azaphthalocyanine dye as a quencher with respect to evaluation of their purity. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5033. [PMID: 33226652 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The influence of experimental conditions on chromatographic behaviour of promising oligodeoxynucleotide double-labelled molecular probes containing an azaphthalocyanine macrocycle as a perspective dark quencher was studied. A recently introduced new stationary phase based on styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer was tested. The planar and hydrophobic structure of the azaphthalocyanine is considerably different from those of currently used fluorophores and quenchers. Thus, the most challenging issue was the separation of the double-labelled probe from its main impurity represented by a mono-labelled probe, containing only the azaphthalocyanine macrocycle. The absorbance measurement cannot simply determine this impurity, and its presence fundamentally compromises the biological assay. The commonly used gradient elution was not suitable and isocratic conditions seemed to be more appropriate. The azaphthalocyanine moiety influences the properties of the modified oligodeoxynucleotides substantially, and thus their chromatographic behaviour was determined predominantly by this quencher. Acetonitrile was the preferred organic solvent for the analysis of probes containing the azaphthalocyanine quencher and the effect of ion-pairing reagents was dependent on the probe structure. The temperature seemed to be an effective parameter for fine-tuning of the separation and mass transfer improvement. Generally, our findings could be helpful in method development for purity evaluation of double-labelled oligodeoxynucleotide probes and semipreparative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Kučera
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Sčensná
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Miletín
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zimčík
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Schreiber CL, Zhai C, Dempsey JM, McGarraugh HH, Matthews BP, Christmann CR, Smith B. Paired Agent Fluorescence Imaging of Cancer in a Living Mouse Using Preassembled Squaraine Molecular Probes with Emission Wavelengths of 690 and 830 nm. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:214-223. [PMID: 31756298 PMCID: PMC7768864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
New methods are described for the construction of targeted fluorescence probes for imaging cancer and the assessment of tumor targeting performance in a living mouse model. A novel noncovalent assembly process was used to fabricate a set of structurally related targeted fluorescent probes with modular differences in three critical assembly components: the emission wavelength of the squaraine fluorochrome, the number of cRGDfK peptide units that target the cancer cells, and the length of the polyethylene glycol chains as pharmacokinetic controllers. Selective targeting of cancer cells was proven by a series of cell microscopy experiments followed by in vivo imaging of subcutaneous tumors in living mice. The mouse imaging studies included a mock surgery that completely removed a fluorescently labeled tumor. Enhanced tumor accumulation due to probe targeting was first evaluated by conducting Single Agent Imaging (SAI) experiments that compared tumor imaging performance of a targeted probe and untargeted probe in separate mouse cohorts. Although there was imaging evidence for enhanced tumor accumulation of the targeted probe, there was moderate scatter in the data due to tumor-to-tumor variability of the vasculature structure and interstitial pressure. A subsequent Paired Agent Imaging (PAI) study coinjected a binary mixture of targeted probe (with emission at 690 nm) and untargeted probe (with emission at 830 nm) into the same tumor-burdened animal. The conclusion of the PAI experiment also indicated enhanced tumor accumulation of the targeted probe, but the statistical significance was much higher, even though the experiment required a much smaller cohort of mice. The imaging data from the PAI experiment was analyzed to determine the targeted probe's Binding Potential (BP) for available integrin receptors within the tumor tissue. In addition, pixelated maps of BP within each tumor indicated a heterogeneous spatial distribution of BP values. The results of this study show that the combination of fluorescent probe preassembly and PAI is a promising new way to rapidly develop targeted fluorescent probes for tumors with high BP and eventual use in clinical applications such as targeted therapy, image guided surgery, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L. Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Canjia Zhai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Janel M. Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Hannah H. McGarraugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Braden P. Matthews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Caroline R. Christmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Bradley Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Soleymani J, Hasanzadeh M, Somi MH, Jouyban A. Differentiation and targeting of HT 29 cancer cells based on folate bioreceptor using cysteamine functionalized gold nano-leaf. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 107:110320. [PMID: 31761196 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. To decrease the mortality of cancer, early stage detection of cancer is of great importance. An innovative platform was developed for differentiation and detection of HT 29 cancer cells based on interactions between folate (FA) and folate receptors (FRs) of the membrane of cancer cells. In summary, FA and cysteamine (CA)-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier-transform infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Also, the surface charge was determined by measuring of the zeta potential. Fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry analyses were used to approve the selective uptake of the synthesized probe to the cancer cells. HEK 293 FR-negative cells were applied to assess the selectivity of AuNPs/CA/FA towards FR-negative cells. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique was used to determine the HT 29 cells from 250 to 5000 cells/mL with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 250 cells/mL. The produced AuNPs/CA/FA based nanoprobe could not only detect the signaling of HT 29 cells but also improve the specificity of cytosensor towards FR-positive cancer cells. According to the obtained results, the newly developed nano-probe could be used as a portable biomedical device for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Soleymani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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13
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Zhai Q, Gao C, Ding J, Zhang Y, Islam B, Lan W, Hou H, Deng H, Li J, Hu Z, Mohamed HI, Xu S, Cao C, Haider SM, Wei D. Selective recognition of c-MYC Pu22 G-quadruplex by a fluorescent probe. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:2190-2204. [PMID: 30759259 PMCID: PMC6412119 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid mimics of fluorescent proteins can be valuable tools to locate and image functional biomolecules in cells. Stacking between the internal G-quartet, formed in the mimics, and the exogenous fluorophore probes constitutes the basis for fluorescence emission. The precision of recognition depends upon probes selectively targeting the specific G-quadruplex in the mimics. However, the design of probes recognizing a G-quadruplex with high selectivity in vitro and in vivo remains a challenge. Through structure-based screening and optimization, we identified a light-up fluorescent probe, 9CI that selectively recognizes c-MYC Pu22 G-quadruplex both in vitro and ex vivo. Upon binding, the biocompatible probe emits both blue and green fluorescence with the excitation at 405 nm. With 9CI and c-MYC Pu22 G-quadruplex complex as the fluorescent response core, a DNA mimic of fluorescent proteins was constructed, which succeeded in locating a functional aptamer on the cellular periphery. The recognition mechanism analysis suggested the high selectivity and strong fluorescence response was attributed to the entire recognition process consisting of the kinetic match, dynamic interaction, and the final stacking. This study implies both the single stacking state and the dynamic recognition process are crucial for designing fluorescent probes or ligands with high selectivity for a specific G-quadruplex structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Gao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jieqin Ding
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yashu Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Barira Islam
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Wenxian Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haitao Hou
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Deng
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hany I Mohamed
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Shengzhen Xu
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunyang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shozeb M Haider
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Dengguo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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14
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Abstract
By acoustically detecting the optical absorption contrast, photoacoustic (PA) tomography (PAT) has broken the penetration limits of traditional high-resolution optical imaging. Through spectroscopic analysis of the target's optical absorption, PAT can identify a wealth of endogenous and exogenous molecules and thus is inherently capable of molecular imaging with high sensitivity. PAT's molecular sensitivity is uniquely accompanied by non-ionizing radiation, high spatial resolution, and deep penetration in biological tissues, which other optical imaging modalities cannot achieve yet. In this concise review, we summarize the most recent technological advancements in PA molecular imaging and highlight the novel molecular probes specifically made for PAT in deep tissues. We conclude with a brief discussion of the opportunities for future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Lihong V Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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15
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Zhou J, Weng H, Huang Y, Gu Y, Tang L, Hu W. Ratiometric Reactive Oxygen Species Nanoprobe for Noninvasive In Vivo Imaging of Subcutaneous Inflammation/Infection. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2018; 12:1679-87. [PMID: 29342346 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2016.2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accompanied with acute inflammation and infection often results in cell death and tissue injury. Several ROS-reactive bioluminescent probes have been investigated in recent years to detect ROS activity in vivo. Unfortunately, these probes cannot be used to quantify the degree of ROS activity and inflammatory responses due to the fact that the extent of the bioluminescent signals is also probe-concentration dependent. To address this challenge, we fabricated a ratiometric ROS probe in which both ROS-sensitive chemiluminescent agents and ROS-insensitive fluorescent reference dye were conjugated to particle carriers. The bioluminescence/reference fluorescence intensity ratios was calculated to reflect the extent of localized ROS activities while circumventing the variations in bioluminescent intensities associated with the ROS probe concentrations. The physical and chemical properties of the ratiometric probes were characterized. Furthermore, we assessed the accuracy and reproducibility of the probe in detecting ROS in vitro. The ability of the ratiometric probes to detect ROS production in inflamed/infected tissues was also examined using animal models of inflammation and infection. The overall results imply that ratiometric ROS probes can rapidly and non-invasively detect and quantify the extent of inflammatory responses and bacterial infection on wounds in real time.
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16
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Wang Y, Qiu D, Li M, Liu Y, Chen H, Li H. A new "on-off-on" fluorescent probe containing triarylimidazole chromophore to sequentially detect copper and sulfide ions. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 185:256-262. [PMID: 28587945 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel compound TPI-H containing triphenylimidazole chromophore is synthesized and employed as fluorescent probe for sequential detection of Cu2+ and S2-. With three binding sites in its molecular structure, TPI-H exhibits highly selective binding towards Cu2+ and results in an apparent fluorescence "on-off" behavior. Fluorescence intensity is linear with the Cu2+ concentration, and the detection limit can be down to 8.7nM. Furthermore, the in-situ generated ensemble between TPI-H and Cu2+ (TPI-H-Cu(II)) can be used to detect S2- with a low detection limit of 15.6nM through Cu2+ displacement method. In addition, the potential utility of the probe for the detection of Cu2+ and further S2- in biological system is investigated by cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dali Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yijiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Hongbiao Chen
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Huaming Li
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials of College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China
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17
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Wang C, Dong B, Kong X, Song X, Zhang N, Lin W. A cancer cell-specific fluorescent probe for imaging Cu 2+ in living cancer cells. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 2017; 182:32-36. [PMID: 28390250 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring copper level in cancer cells is important for the further understanding of its roles in the cell proliferation, and also could afford novel copper-based strategy for the cancer therapy. Herein, we have developed a novel cancer cell-specific fluorescent probe for the detecting Cu2+ in living cancer cells. The probe employed biotin as the cancer cell-specific group. Before the treatment of Cu2+, the probe showed nearly no fluorescence. However, the probe can display strong fluorescence at 581nm in response to Cu2+. The probe exhibited excellent sensitivity and high selectivity for Cu2+ over the other relative species. Under the guidance of biotin group, could be successfully used for detecting Cu2+ in living cancer cells. We expect that this design strategy could be further applied for detection of the other important biomolecules in living cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Baoli Dong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Xiuqi Kong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Xuezhen Song
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China.
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18
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Manikandan I, Chang CH, Chen CL, Sathish V, Li WS, Malathi M. Aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE) characteristics of quinoline based compound - A versatile fluorescent probe for pH, Fe(III) ion, BSA binding and optical cell imaging. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 182:58-66. [PMID: 28395226 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel benzimidazoquinoline derivative (AVT) was synthesized through a substitution reaction and characterized by various spectral techniques. Analyzing the optical properties of AVT under absorption and emission spectral studies in different environments exclusively with respect to solvents and pH, intriguing characteristics viz. aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE) in the THF solvent and 'On-Off' pH sensing were found at neutral pH. Sensing nature of AVT with diverse metal ions and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was also studied. Among the metal ions, Fe3+ ion alone tunes the fluorescence intensity of AVT probe in aqueous medium from "turn-on" to "turn-off" through ligand (probe) to metal charge transfer (LMCT) mechanism. The probe AVT in aqueous medium interacts strongly with BSA due to Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and the conformational change in BSA was further analyzed using synchronous fluorescence techniques. Docking study of AVT with BSA reveals that the active site of binding is tryptophan residue which is also supported by the experimental results. Interestingly, fluorescent AVT probe in cells was examined through cellular imaging studies using BT-549 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Thus, the single molecule probe based detection of multiple species and stimuli were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irulappan Manikandan
- Department of Chemistry, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathymangalam 638 401, India
| | | | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Veerasamy Sathish
- Department of Chemistry, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathymangalam 638 401, India
| | - Wen-Shan Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Mahalingam Malathi
- Department of Chemistry, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathymangalam 638 401, India.
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19
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Schwerdt HN, Kim MJ, Amemori S, Homma D, Yoshida T, Shimazu H, Yerramreddy H, Karasan E, Langer R, Graybiel AM, Cima MJ. Subcellular probes for neurochemical recording from multiple brain sites. Lab Chip 2017; 17:1104-1115. [PMID: 28233001 PMCID: PMC5572650 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01398h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of neurochemicals, in particular, dopamine, is epitomized in numerous debilitating disorders that impair normal movement and mood aspects of our everyday behavior. Neurochemical transmission is a neuron-specific process, and further exhibits region-specific signaling in the brain. Tools are needed to monitor the heterogeneous spatiotemporal dynamics of dopamine neurotransmission without compromising the physiological processes of the neuronal environment. We developed neurochemical probes that are ten times smaller than any existing dopamine sensor, based on the size of the entire implanted shaft and its sensing tip. The microfabricated probe occupies a spatial footprint (9 μm) coordinate with the average size of individual neuronal cells (∼10 μm). These cellular-scale probes were shown to reduce inflammatory response of the implanted brain tissue environment. The probes are further configured in the form of a microarray to permit electrochemical sampling of dopamine and other neurotransmitters at unprecedented spatial densities and distributions. Dopamine recording was performed concurrently from up to 16 sites in the striatum of rats, revealing a remarkable spatiotemporal contrast in dopamine transmission as well as site-specific pharmacological modulation. Collectively, the reported platform endeavors to enable high density mapping of the chemical messengers fundamentally involved in neuronal communication through the use of minimally invasive probes that help preserve the neuronal viability of the implant environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen N Schwerdt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Bldg 76 Room 653G, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Min Jung Kim
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Satoko Amemori
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daigo Homma
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tomoko Yoshida
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hideki Shimazu
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Harshita Yerramreddy
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ekin Karasan
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Bldg 76 Room 653G, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ann M Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael J Cima
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Bldg 76 Room 653G, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Department of Materials Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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20
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Tani H, Sato H, Torimura M. Rapid monitoring of RNA degradation activity in vivo for mammalian cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:523-527. [PMID: 28038925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a rapid fluorescence assay based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for the monitoring of RNA degradation activity in mammalian cells. In this technique, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) fluorescent probes are used. The dsRNA fluorescent probes consist of a 5' fluorophore-labeled strand hybridized to a 3' quencher-labeled strand, and the fluorescent dye is quenched by a quencher dye. When the dsRNA is degraded by nascent RNases in cells, the fluorescence emission of the fluorophore is induced following the degradation of the double strands. The degradation rates of the dsRNA are decelerated in response to chemical or environmental toxicity; therefore, in the case of cellular toxicity, the dsRNA is not degraded and remains intact, thus quenching the fluorescence. Unlike in conventional cell-counting assays, this new assay eliminates time-consuming steps, and can be used to simply evaluate the cellular toxicity via a single reaction. Our results demonstrate that this assay can rapidly quantify the RNA degradation rates in vivo within 4 h for three model chemicals. We propose that this assay will be useful for monitoring cellular toxicity in high-throughput applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Tani
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Masaki Torimura
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
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21
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Lima MA, Cavalheiro RP, M Viana G, Meneghetti MCZ, Rudd TR, Skidmore MA, Powell AK, Yates EA. 19F labelled glycosaminoglycan probes for solution NMR and non-linear (CARS) microscopy. Glycoconj J 2016; 34:405-410. [PMID: 27523650 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Studying polysaccharide-protein interactions under physiological conditions by conventional techniques is challenging. Ideally, macromolecules could be followed by both in vitro spectroscopy experiments as well as in tissues using microscopy, to enable a proper comparison of results over these different scales but, often, this is not feasible. The cell surface and extracellular matrix polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) lack groups that can be detected selectively in the biological milieu. The introduction of 19F labels into GAG polysaccharides is explored and the interaction of a labelled GAG with the heparin-binding protein, antithrombin, employing 19F NMR spectroscopy is followed. Furthermore, the ability of 19F labelled GAGs to be imaged using CARS microscopy is demonstrated. 19F labelled GAGs enable both 19F NMR protein-GAG binding studies in solution at the molecular level and non-linear microscopy at a microscopic scale to be conducted on the same material, essentially free of background signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A Lima
- Department of Biochemistry, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 40440, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, UK
| | - Renan P Cavalheiro
- Department of Biochemistry, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 40440, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Viana
- Department of Biochemistry, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 40440, Brazil
| | - Maria C Z Meneghetti
- Department of Biochemistry, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 40440, Brazil
| | - Timothy R Rudd
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, UK
- The National Institute of Biological Standards and Controls, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Andrew K Powell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, L3 3AF, Liverpool, UK
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 40440, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, UK.
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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22
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Schwaid AG, Ruangsiriluk W, Reyes AR, Cabral S, Rajamohan F, Tu M, Ward J, Carpino PA. Development of a selective activity-based probe for glycosylated LIPA. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1993-6. [PMID: 26965858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Loss of LIPA activity leads to diseases such as Wolman's Disease and Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease. While it is possible to measure defects in LIPA protein levels, it is difficult to directly measure LIPA activity in cells. In order to measure LIPA activity directly we developed a LIPA specific activity based probe. LIPA is heavily glycosylated although it is unclear how glycosylation affects LIPA activity or function. Our probe is specific for a glycosylated form of LIPA in cells, although it labels purified LIPA regardless of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Schwaid
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Pharmatherapeutics Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02143, United States.
| | - Wanida Ruangsiriluk
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Pharmatherapeutics Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02143, United States
| | - Allan R Reyes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Pharmatherapeutics Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02143, United States
| | - Shawn Cabral
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Pharmatherapeutics Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Francis Rajamohan
- Structural Biology and Biophysics, Center for Chemistry Innovation and Excellence, Pfizer Pharmatherapeutics Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Meihua Tu
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Pharmatherapeutics Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02143, United States
| | - Jessica Ward
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Pharmatherapeutics Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02143, United States
| | - Philip A Carpino
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Pharmatherapeutics Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02143, United States
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23
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Magnusson K, Appelqvist H, Cieślar-Pobuda A, Wigenius J, Karlsson T, Łos MJ, Kågedal B, Jonasson J, Nilsson KPR. Differential vital staining of normal fibroblasts and melanoma cells by an anionic conjugated polyelectrolyte. Cytometry A 2015; 87:262-72. [PMID: 25605326 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular probes for imaging of live cells are of great interest for studying biological and pathological processes. The anionic luminescent conjugated polythiophene (LCP) polythiophene acetic acid (PTAA), has previously been used for vital staining of cultured fibroblasts as well as transformed cells with results indicating differential staining due to cell phenotype. Herein, we investigated the behavior of PTAA in two normal and five transformed cells lines. PTAA fluorescence in normal cells appeared in a peripheral punctated pattern whereas the probe was more concentrated in a one-sided perinuclear localization in the five transformed cell lines. In fibroblasts, PTAA fluorescence was initially associated with fibronectin and after 24 h partially localized to lysosomes. The uptake and intracellular target in malignant melanoma cells was more ambiguous and the intracellular target of PTAA in melanoma cells is still elusive. PTAA was well tolerated by both fibroblasts and melanoma cells, and microscopic analysis as well as viability assays showed no signs of negative influence on growth. Stained cells maintained their proliferation rate for at least 12 generations. Although the probe itself was nontoxic, photoinduced cellular toxicity was observed in both cell lines upon irradiation directly after staining. However, no cytotoxicity was detected when the cells were irradiated 24 h after staining, indicating that the photoinduced toxicity is dependent on the cellular location of the probe. Overall, these studies certified PTAA as a useful agent for vital staining of cells, and that PTAA can potentially be used to study cancer-related biological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Magnusson
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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24
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Braun GB, Friman T, Pang HB, Pallaoro A, de Mendoza TH, Willmore AMA, Kotamraju VR, Mann AP, She ZG, Sugahara KN, Reich NO, Teesalu T, Ruoslahti E. Etchable plasmonic nanoparticle probes to image and quantify cellular internalization. Nat Mater 2014; 13:904-11. [PMID: 24907927 PMCID: PMC4141013 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in using nanoparticles as labels or to deliver drugs and other bioactive compounds to cells in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescent imaging, commonly used to study internalization and subcellular localization of nanoparticles, does not allow unequivocal distinction between cell surface-bound and internalized particles, as there is no methodology to turn particles 'off'. We have developed a simple technique to rapidly remove silver nanoparticles outside living cells, leaving only the internalized pool for imaging or quantification. The silver nanoparticle (AgNP) etching is based on the sensitivity of Ag to a hexacyanoferrate-thiosulphate redox-based destain solution. In demonstration of the technique we present a class of multicoloured plasmonic nanoprobes comprising dye-labelled AgNPs that are exceptionally bright and photostable, carry peptides as model targeting ligands, can be etched rapidly and with minimal toxicity in mice, and that show tumour uptake in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary B. Braun
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Corresponding Authors: Correspondence should be addressed to: or
| | - Tomas Friman
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Hong-Bo Pang
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessia Pallaoro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | | | - Anne-Mari A. Willmore
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Venkata Ramana Kotamraju
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Aman P. Mann
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kazuki N. Sugahara
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Norbert O. Reich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Tambet Teesalu
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Erkki Ruoslahti
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Corresponding Authors: Correspondence should be addressed to: or
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Pu K, Shuhendler AJ, Jokerst JV, Mei J, Gambhir SS, Bao Z, Rao J. Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles as photoacoustic molecular imaging probes in living mice. Nat Nanotechnol 2014; 9:233-9. [PMID: 24463363 PMCID: PMC3947658 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2013.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 855] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging holds great promise for the visualization of physiology and pathology at the molecular level with deep tissue penetration and fine spatial resolution. To fully utilize this potential, photoacoustic molecular imaging probes have to be developed. Here, we introduce near-infrared light absorbing semiconducting polymer nanoparticles as a new class of contrast agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging. These nanoparticles can produce a stronger signal than the commonly used single-walled carbon nanotubes and gold nanorods on a per mass basis, permitting whole-body lymph-node photoacoustic mapping in living mice at a low systemic injection mass. Furthermore, the semiconducting polymer nanoparticles possess high structural flexibility, narrow photoacoustic spectral profiles and strong resistance to photodegradation and oxidation, enabling the development of the first near-infrared ratiometric photoacoustic probe for in vivo real-time imaging of reactive oxygen species--vital chemical mediators of many diseases. These results demonstrate semiconducting polymer nanoparticles to be an ideal nanoplatform for developing photoacoustic molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyi Pu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Adam J. Shuhendler
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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26
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Kumari N, Jha S, Bhattacharya S. An efficient probe for rapid detection of cyanide in water at parts per billion levels and naked-eye detection of endogenous cyanide. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:830-7. [PMID: 24449698 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A new molecular probe based on an oxidized bis-indolyl skeleton has been developed for rapid and sensitive visual detection of cyanide ions in water and also for the detection of endogenously bound cyanide. The probe allows the "naked-eye" detection of cyanide ions in water with a visual color change from red to yellow (Δλmax =80 nm) with the immediate addition of the probe. It shows high selectivity towards the cyanide ion without any interference from other anions. The detection of cyanide by the probe is ratiometric, thus making the detection quantitative. A Michael-type addition reaction of the probe with the cyanide ion takes place during this chemodosimetric process. In water, the detection limit was found to be at the parts per million level, which improved drastically when a neutral micellar medium was employed, and it showed a parts-per-billion-level detection, which is even 25-fold lower than the permitted limits of cyanide in water. The probe could also efficiently detect the endogenously bound cyanide in cassava (a staple food) with a clear visual color change without requiring any sample pretreatment and/or any special reaction conditions such as pH or temperature. Thus the probe could serve as a practical naked-eye probe for "in-field" experiments without requiring any sophisticated instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Kumari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 1 (India), Fax: (+91) 080-2360-0529
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27
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Wu Z, Shao P, Zhang S, Ling X, Bai M. Molecular imaging of human tumor cells that naturally overexpress type 2 cannabinoid receptors using a quinolone-based near-infrared fluorescent probe. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:76016. [PMID: 25036213 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.7.076016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid CB2 receptors (CB2R) hold promise as therapeutic targets for treating diverse diseases, such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, pain, inflammation, osteoporosis, psychiatric disorders, addiction, and immune disorders. However, the fundamental role of CB2R in the regulation of diseases remains unclear, largely due to a lack of reliable imaging tools for the receptors. The goal of this study was to develop a CB2R-targeted molecular imaging probe and evaluate the specificity of the probe using human tumor cells that naturally overexpress CB2R. To synthesize the CB2R-targeted probe (NIR760-Q), a conjugable CB2R ligand based on the quinolone structure was first prepared, followed by bioconjugation with a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye, NIR760. In vitro fluorescence imaging and competitive binding studies showed higher uptake of NIR760-Q than free NIR760 dye in Jurkat human acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia cells. In addition, the high uptake of NIR760-Q was significantly inhibited by the blocking agent, 4-quinolone-3-carboxamide, indicating specific binding of NIR760-Q to the target receptors. These results indicate that the NIR760-Q has potential in diagnostic imaging of CB2R positive cancers and elucidating the role of CB2R in the regulation of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wu
- University of Pittsburgh, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219bShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Department of Radiology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Pin Shao
- University of Pittsburgh, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Shaojuan Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219cXi'an Jiaotong University, The First Hospital of Medical School, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaoxi Ling
- University of Pittsburgh, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Mingfeng Bai
- University of Pittsburgh, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219dUniversity of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United StateseUniversity of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering
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Babu E, Singaravadivel S, Manojkumar P, Krishnasamy S, Gnana kumar G, Rajagopal S. Aptamer-based label-free detection of PDGF using ruthenium(II) complex as luminescent probe. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6891-5. [PMID: 23881364 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report a simple, cost-effective, and label-free detection method, consisting of a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) binding aptamer and hydrophobic Ru(II) complex as a sensor system for PDGF. The binding of PDGF with the aptamer results in the weakening of the aptamer-Ru(II) complex, monitored by luminescence signal. A substantial enhancement in the luminescence intensity of Ru(II) complex is observed in the presence of aptamer due to the hydrophobic interaction. Upon addition of PDGF, the luminescence intensity is decreased, due to the stronger interaction between the aptamer and PDGF resulting in the displacement of Ru(II) complex to the aqueous solution. Our assay can detect a target specifically in a complex medium such as the mixture of proteins, at a concentration of 0.8 pM.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Babu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
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Karim M, Kohale SC, Indei T, Schieber JD, Khare R. Determination of viscoelastic properties by analysis of probe-particle motion in molecular simulations. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2012; 86:051501. [PMID: 23214783 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.051501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a technique for the determination of viscoelastic properties of a medium by tracking the motion of an embedded probe particle by using molecular dynamics simulations. The approach involves the analysis of the simulated particle motion by continuum theory; it is shown to work in both passive and active modes. We demonstrate that, for passive rheology, an analysis based on the generalized Stokes-Einstein relationship is not adequate to obtain the values of the viscoelastic moduli over the frequency range studied. For both passive and active modes, it is necessary to account for the medium and particle inertia when analyzing the particle motion. For a polymer melt system consisting of short chains, the values calculated from the proposed approach are in good quantitative agreement with previous literature results that were obtained using completely different simulation approaches. The proposed particle rheology simulation technique is general and could provide insight into the characterization of the mechanical properties in biological systems, such as cellular environments and polymeric systems, such as thin films and nanocomposites that exhibit spatial variation in properties over the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Karim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Box 43121, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are associated with the accumulation of activated inflammatory cells, particularly polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), which release reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eradicate foreign bodies and microorganisms. To assess the location and extent of localized inflammatory responses, L-012, a highly sensitive chemiluminescent probe, was employed to noninvasively monitor the production of ROS. We found that L-012-associated chemiluminescence imaging can be used to identify and to quantify the extent of inflammatory responses. Furthermore, regardless of differences among animal models, there is a good linear relationship between chemiluminescence intensity and PMN numbers surrounding inflamed tissue. Depletion of PMNs substantially diminished L-012-associated chemiluminescence in vivo. Finally, L-012-associated chemiluminescence imaging was found to be a powerful tool for assessing implant-mediated inflammatory responses by measuring chemiluminescence intensity at the implantation sites. These results support the use of L-012 for monitoring the kinetics of inflammatory responses in vivo via the detection and quantification of ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liping Tang
- Correspondence to Liping Tang, Ph.D., Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, P.O. Box 19138, Arlington, TX 76019-0138. Phone: 817-272-6075; fax: 817-272-2251;
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Gorelikov I, Martin AL, Seo M, Matsuura N. Silica-coated quantum dots for optical evaluation of perfluorocarbon droplet interactions with cells. Langmuir 2011; 27:15024-33. [PMID: 22026433 DOI: 10.1021/la202679p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
There has been recent interest in developing new, targeted, perfluorocarbon (PFC) droplet-based contrast agents for medical imaging (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray/computed tomography, and ultrasound imaging). However, due to the large number of potential PFCs and droplet stabilization strategies available, it is challenging to determine in advance the PFC droplet formulation that will result in the optimal in vivo behavior and imaging performance required for clinical success. We propose that the integration of fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) into new PFC droplet agents can help to rapidly screen new PFC-based candidate agents for biological compatibility early in their development. QD labels can allow the interaction of PFC droplets with single cells to be assessed at high sensitivity and resolution using optical methods in vitro, complementing the deeper depth penetration but lower resolution provided by PFC droplet imaging using in vivo medical imaging systems. In this work, we introduce a simple and robust method to miscibilize silica-coated nanoparticles into hydrophobic and lipophobic PFCs through fluorination of the silica surface via a hydrolysis-condensation reaction with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane. Using CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs, we show that nanoscale, QD-labeled PFC droplets can be easily formed, with similar sizes and surface charges as unlabeled PFC droplets. The QD label can be used to determine the PFC droplet uptake into cells in vitro by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, and can be used to validate the fate of PFC droplets in vivo in small animals via fluorescence microscopy of histological tissue sections. This is demonstrated in macrophage and cancer cells, and in rabbits, respectively. This work reveals the potential of using QD labels for rapid, preclinical, optical assessment of different PFC droplet formulations for their future use in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Gorelikov
- Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
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32
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Szekely O, Schilt Y, Steiner A, Raviv U. Regulating the size and stabilization of lipid raft-like domains and using calcium ions as their probe. Langmuir 2011; 27:14767-14775. [PMID: 22066979 DOI: 10.1021/la203074q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We apply a means to probe, stabilize, and control the size of lipid raft-like domains in vitro. In biomembranes the size of lipid rafts is ca. 10-30 nm. In vitro, mixing saturated and unsaturated lipids results in microdomains, which are unstable and coalesce. This inconsistency is puzzling. It has been hypothesized that biological line-active surfactants reduce the line tension between saturated and unsaturated lipids and stabilize small domains in vivo. Using solution X-ray scattering, we studied the structure of binary and ternary lipid mixtures in the presence of calcium ions. Three lipids were used: saturated, unsaturated, and a hybrid (1-saturated-2-unsaturated) lipid that is predominant in the phospholipids of cellular membranes. Only membranes composed of the saturated lipid can adsorb calcium ions, become charged, and therefore considerably swell. The selective calcium affinity was used to show that binary mixtures, containing the saturated lipid, phase separated into large-scale domains. Our data suggests that by introducing the hybrid lipid to a mixture of the saturated and unsaturated lipids, the size of the domains decreased with the concentration of the hybrid lipid, until the three lipids could completely mix. We attribute this behavior to the tendency of the hybrid lipid to act as a line-active cosurfactant that can easily reside at the interface between the saturated and the unsaturated lipids and reduce the line tension between them. These findings are consistent with a recent theory and provide insight into the self-organization of lipid rafts, their stabilization, and size regulation in biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Szekely
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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Edgington LE, Verdoes M, Bogyo M. Functional imaging of proteases: recent advances in the design and application of substrate-based and activity-based probes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2011; 15:798-805. [PMID: 22098719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in protein substrates. This process can be important for regulated turnover of a target protein but it can also produce protein fragments that then perform other functions. Because the last few decades of protease research have confirmed that proteolysis is an essential regulatory process in both normal physiology and in multiple disease-associated conditions, there has been an increasing interest in developing methods to image protease activity. Proteases are also considered to be one of the few 'druggable' classes of proteins and therefore a large number of small molecule based inhibitors of proteases have been reported. These compounds serve as a starting point for the design of probes that can be used to target active proteases for imaging applications. Currently, several classes of fluorescent probes have been developed to visualize protease activity in live cells and even whole organisms. The two primary classes of protease probes make use of either peptide/protein substrates or covalent inhibitors that produce a fluorescent signal when bound to an active protease target. This review outlines some of the most recent advances in the design of imaging probes for proteases. In particular, it highlights the strengths and weaknesses of both substrate-based and activity-based probes and their applications for imaging cysteine proteases that are important biomarkers for multiple human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Edgington
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA
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Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Selective covalent conjugation of phosphorothioate DNA oligonucleotides with streptavidin. Molecules 2011; 16:6916-26. [PMID: 21844841 PMCID: PMC6264524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16086916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-DNA conjugates have found numerous applications in the field of diagnostics and nanobiotechnology, however, their intrinsic susceptibility to DNA degradation by nucleases represents a major obstacle for many applications. We here report the selective covalent conjugation of the protein streptavidin (STV) with phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (psDNA) containing a terminal alkylthiolgroup as the chemically addressable linking unit, using a heterobifunctional NHS-/maleimide crosslinker. The psDNA-STV conjugates were synthesized in about 10% isolated yields. We demonstrate that the terminal alkylthiol group selectively reacts with the maleimide while the backbone sulfur atoms are not engaged in chemical conjugation. The novel psDNA-STV conjugates retain their binding capabilities for both biotinylated macromolecules and the complementary nucleic acid. Moreover, the psDNA-STV conjugate retained its binding capacity for complementary oligomers even after a nuclease digestion step, which effectively degrades deoxyribonucleotide oligomers and thus the binding capability of regular DNA-STV conjugates. The psDNA-STV therefore hold particular promise for applications e.g. in proteome research and novel biosensing devices, where interfering endogenous nucleic acids need to be removed from analytes by nuclease digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +49-231-755-7080; Fax: +49-231-755-7082
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35
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Abstract
The spatial and temporal organization of biological systems offers a level of complexity that is challenging to probe with conventional reagents. Photoactivatable (caged) compounds represent one strategy by which spatiotemporal organizational complexities can be addressed. However, since the vast majority of caged species are triggered by UV light, it is not feasible to orthogonally control two or more spatiotemporal elements of the phenomenon under investigation. For example, the cGMP- and cAMP-dependent protein kinases are highly homologous enzymes, separated in time and space, which mediate the phosphorylation of both distinct and common protein substrates. However, current technology is unable to discriminate, in a temporally or spatially selective fashion, between these enzymes and/or the pathways they influence. We describe herein the intracellular triggering of a cGMP-mediated pathway with 360 nm light and the corresponding cAMP-mediated pathway with 440 nm light. Dual wavelength photoactivation was assessed in A10 cells by monitoring the phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), a known substrate for both the cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases. Illumination at 440 nm elicits a cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of VASP at Ser157, whereas 360 nm exposure triggers the phosphorylation of both Ser157 and Ser239. This is the first example of wavelength-distinct activation of two separate nodes of a common signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Priestman
- Department of Chemistry, the Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
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Liu Z, Liu S, Wang L, Peng J, He Y. Resonance Rayleigh scattering and resonance non-linear scattering method for the determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics with water solubility CdS quantum dots as probe. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2009; 74:36-41. [PMID: 19648053 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In pH 6.6 Britton-Robinson buffer medium, the CdS quantum dots capped by thioglycolic acid could react with aminoglycoside (AGs) antibiotics such as neomycin sulfate (NEO) and streptomycin sulfate (STP) to form the large aggregates by virtue of electrostatic attraction and the hydrophobic force, which resulted in a great enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and resonance non-linear scattering such as second-order scattering (SOS) and frequency doubling scattering (FDS). The maximum scattering peak was located at 310 nm for RRS, 568 nm for SOS and 390 nm for FDS, respectively. The enhancements of scattering intensity (DeltaI) were directly proportional to the concentration of AGs in a certain ranges. A new method for the determination of trace NEO and STP using CdS quantum dots probe was developed. The detection limits (3 sigma) were 1.7 ng mL(-1) (NEO) and 4.4 ng mL(-1) (STP) by RRS method, were 5.2 ng mL(-1) (NEO) and 20.9 ng mL(-1) (STP) by SOS method and were 4.4 ng mL(-1) (NEO) and 25.7 ng mL(-1) (STP) by FDS method, respectively. The sensitivity of RRS method was the highest. The optimum conditions and influence factors were investigated. In addition, the reaction mechanism was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen Liu
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, BeiBei District, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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Li D, Ji B, Sun H. Probing the binding of 8-Acetyl-7-hydroxycoumarin to human serum albumin by spectroscopic methods and molecular modeling. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2009; 73:35-40. [PMID: 19243988 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of 8-Acetyl-7-hydroxycoumarin with human serum albumin (HSA) at pH 7.40 has been investigated at 291, 301 and 310 K, respectively, employing the steady fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and molecular modeling methods. The quenching mechanism and binding constants were determined by the fluorescence quenching experiments. Thermodynamic data showed that 8-Acetyl-7-hydroxycoumarin was included in the hydrophobic cavity of HSA via hydrophobic interactions. The result of CD indicated that the binding of 8-Acetyl-7-hydroxycoumarin to HSA causes a slight conformational change of the protein. Furthermore, upon binding with HSA, the fluorescence spectra of the 8-Acetyl-7-hydroxycoumarin exhibits appreciable hypsochromic shift associated with an enhancement in the fluorescence intensity. The binding constant (K) and the standard free energy change (DeltaG0) have been also calculated according to the fluorescence data of the ligand, which is in good agreement with the values determined by fluorescence quenching data of HSA. Computational mapping of the possible binding sites of 8-Acetyl-7-hydroxycoumarin revealed that the molecule was bound in the large hydrophobic cavity of subdomain IIA mainly by the hydrophobic interaction and also by the hydrogen bonding interactions between 8-Acetyl-7-hydroxycoumarin and the residues His 242, Arg 222, and Arg 218.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojin Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471022, China
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38
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Arce VB, Bertolotti SG, Oliveira FJVE, Airoldi C, Gonzalez MC, Allegretti PE, Mártire DO. The use of molecular probes for the characterization of dispersions of functionalized silica nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2009; 73:54-60. [PMID: 19237312 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Butoxylated silica nanoparticles (BSN) were prepared by esterification of the silanol groups of fumed silica nanoparticles with butanol and characterized by 13C and 29Si NMR and thermogravimetry. The molecular probes benzophenone (BP) and safranine-T were used to investigate the BSN suspensions in water:acetonitrile. Laser flash-photolysis experiments at lambda(exc)=266 nm performed with BSN suspended in acetonitrile:aqueous phosphate buffer supported previous results of our group obtained by time-resolved phosphorescence experiments and showed that only free and adsorbed excited triplet states of BP and diphenylketyl radicals contribute to the signals. The UV-vis spectroscopic and photophysical properties of safranine-T are strongly solvent-dependent. Thus, the analysis of the emission spectra and fluorescence lifetimes yielded information on the localization of this probe molecule in suspensions of BSN and of the bare silica nanoparticles. The values of the equilibrium constant for the adsorption of the ground-state safranine-T on the particles were found to be (9.2+/-0.8)x10(4), (7.2+/-0.8)x10(5), and (3.0+/-0.1)x10(4) for the BSN in 1:1 acetonitrile:water, SiO2 in 1:1 acetonitrile:water, and SiO2 in acetonitrile, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria B Arce
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), LADECOR, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Sennepin AD, Charpentier S, Normand T, Sarré C, Legrand A, Mollet LM. Multiple reprobing of Western blots after inactivation of peroxidase activity by its substrate, hydrogen peroxide. Anal Biochem 2009; 393:129-31. [PMID: 19523435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sequential detections of different proteins on Western blot save time and precious samples. The main problem concerning reprobing is that stripping buffers can unbind both the antibody and the tested antigen. An original reprobing method has been set up based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) inhibition after enhanced chemiluminescence detection. Instead of removing previously fixed antibodies as common stripping buffers do, the HRP activity linked to the secondary antibody is irreversibly inhibited by excess of hydrogen peroxide. A 15-min incubation allows one to perform at least five different sequential detections without losing significant amounts of blotted proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis D Sennepin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, affiliated with Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans, France
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Gielen E, Smisdom N, vandeVen M, De Clercq B, Gratton E, Digman M, Rigo JM, Hofkens J, Engelborghs Y, Ameloot M. Measuring diffusion of lipid-like probes in artificial and natural membranes by raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS): use of a commercial laser-scanning microscope with analog detection. Langmuir 2009; 25:5209-18. [PMID: 19260653 PMCID: PMC2728053 DOI: 10.1021/la8040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity in composition and interaction within the cellular membrane translates into a wide range of diffusion coefficients of its constituents. Therefore, several complementary microfluorimetric techniques such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and single-particle tracking (SPT) have to be applied to explore the dynamics of membrane components. The recently introduced raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) offers a much wider dynamic range than each of these methods separately and allows for spatial mapping of the dynamic properties. RICS is implemented on a confocal laser-scanning microscope (CLSM), and the wide dynamic range is achieved by exploiting the inherent time information carried by the scanning laser beam in the generation of the confocal images. The original introduction of RICS used two-photon excitation and photon counting detection. However, most CLSM systems are based on one-photon excitation with analog detection. Here we report on the performance of such a commercial CLSM (Zeiss LSM 510 META) in the study of the diffusion of the fluorescent lipid analog 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indodicarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI-C(18)(5)) both in giant unilamellar vesicles and in the plasma membrane of living oligodendrocytes, i.e., the myelin-producing cells of the central nervous system. It is shown that RICS on a commercial CLSM with analog detection allows for reliable results in the study of membrane diffusion by removal of unwanted correlations introduced by the analog detection system. The results obtained compare well with those collected by FRAP and FCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Gielen
- Laboratory for Cell Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Agoralaan, Bldg C, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Dynamics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Nick Smisdom
- Laboratory for Cell Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Agoralaan, Bldg C, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Martin vandeVen
- Laboratory for Cell Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Agoralaan, Bldg C, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ben De Clercq
- Laboratory for Cell Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Agoralaan, Bldg C, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Biomedical Engineering Department, 3120 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA
| | - Michelle Digman
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Biomedical Engineering Department, 3120 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Rigo
- Laboratory for Cell Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Agoralaan, Bldg C, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Yves Engelborghs
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Dynamics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Laboratory for Cell Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Agoralaan, Bldg C, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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41
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Thibon A, Pierre VC. Principles of responsive lanthanide-based luminescent probes for cellular imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:107-20. [PMID: 19283368 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The advent of chemical tools for cellular imaging--from organic dyes to green fluorescent proteins--has revolutionized the fields of molecular biology and biochemistry. Lanthanide-based probes are a new player in this area, as the last decade has seen the emergence of the first responsive luminescent lanthanide probes specifically intended for imaging cellular processes. The potential of these probes is still undervalued by the scientific community. Indeed, this class of probes offers several advantages over organic dyes and fluorescent proteins. Their very long luminescence lifetimes enable quantitative spatial determination of the intracellular concentration of an analyte through time-gating measurements. Their emission bands are very narrow and do not overlap, enabling the simultaneous use of multiple lanthanide probes to quantitatively detect several analytes without cross-interference. Herein we describe the principles behind the development of this class of probes. Sensors for a desired analyte can be designed by rationally manipulating the parameters that influence the luminescence of lanthanide complexes. We will discuss sensors based on varying the number of inner-sphere water molecules, the distance separating the antenna from the lanthanide ion, the energies of excited states of the antenna, and PeT switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Thibon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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42
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Pozzo DC. Neutron-scattering probe of complexes of sodium dodecyl sulfate and serum albumin during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Langmuir 2009; 25:1558-1565. [PMID: 19125631 DOI: 10.1021/la8039994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is used to probe the conformation of SDS-BSA protein surfactant complexes during electrophoresis in cross-linked polyacrylamide gels. Contrast variation permits independent probing of the structure of protein-surfactant complexes with negligible scattering contributions from the polyacrylamide matrix. The conformation of the protein complexes in the gel is found to be independent of the electric fields that are applied in this work (10 V/cm). Furthermore, there are no signs of large-scale macromolecular orientation (anisotropy) in the scattering patterns. However, the scattering shows that there are significant interparticle correlations between the protein-surfactant complexes that are electrophoretically inserted into the gel. These interactions develop when the total concentration of protein in the gels reaches values that are larger than approximately 1 mg/mL. The correlations are due to molecular crowding in the small fraction of pores that are available for protein migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo C Pozzo
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
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43
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Ma N, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. One-step DNA-programmed growth of luminescent and biofunctionalized nanocrystals. Nat Nanotechnol 2009; 4:121-5. [PMID: 19197315 PMCID: PMC2667941 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2008.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are widely used as lumiphores in biological imaging because their luminescence is both strong and stable, and because they can be biofunctionalized. During synthesis, nanocrystals are typically passivated with hydrophobic organic ligands, so it is then necessary either to replace these ligands or encapsulate the nanocrystals with hydrophilic moieties to make the lumiphores soluble in water. Finally, biological labels must be added to allow the detection of nucleic acids, proteins and specific cell types. This multistep process is time- and labour-intensive and thus out of reach of many researchers who want to use luminescent nanocrystals as customized lumiphores. Here, we show that a single designer ligand--a chimeric DNA molecule--can controllably program both the growth and the biofunctionalization of the nanocrystals. One part of the DNA sequence controls the nanocrystal passivation and serves as a ligand, while another part controls the biorecognition. The synthetic protocol reported here is straightforward and produces a homogeneous dispersion of nanocrystal lumiphores functionalized with a single biomolecular receptor. The nanocrystals exhibit strong optical emission in the visible region, minimal toxicity and have hydrodynamic diameters of approximately 6 nm, which makes them suitable for bioimaging. We show that the nanocrystals can specifically bind DNA, proteins or cells that have unique surface recognition markers.
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44
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Huryn DM, Smith AB. The identification, characterization and optimization of small molecule probes of cysteine proteases: experiences of the Penn Center for Molecular Discovery with cathepsin B and cathepsin L. Curr Top Med Chem 2009; 9:1206-16. [PMID: 19807666 PMCID: PMC2909000 DOI: 10.2174/156802609789753653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During the pilot phase of the NIH Molecular Library Screening Network, the Penn Center for Molecular Discovery focused on a series of projects aimed at high throughput screening and the development of probes of a variety of protease targets. This review provides our medicinal chemistry experience with two such targets--cathepsin B and cathepsin L. We describe our approach for hit validation, characterization and triage that led to a critical understanding of the nature of hits from the cathepsin B project. In addition, we detail our experience at hit identification and optimization that led to the development of a novel thiocarbazate probe of cathepsin L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Huryn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA.
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45
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Abstract
Real-time monitoring of DNA-protein interactions involving molecular beacon (MB) and molecular beacon aptamer (MBA) was discussed in this chapter. MBs are single-stranded oligonucleotide probes with a hairpin structure. MBs have been designed for oligonucleotide recognition and protein-DNA interaction studies. Real-time monitoring of enzymatic reactions, such as cleavage, ligation, and phosphorylation of single-stranded DNA by specific enzyme, has been studied using MBs. Meanwhile, a new generation of molecular probes, MBA, was designed by combining the excellent signal transduction properties of MBs with the specificity of aptamers for protein recognition. Two different aptamers, the one for thrombin and that for platelet-derived growth factor, have been successfully used to construct MBA probes. The interaction between the proteins and the MBA probes was investigated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer, fluorescence anisotropy, and time-resolved fluorescence. This chapter has reviewed our recent progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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46
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Cohen A, Ziv I, Aloya T, Levin G, Kidron D, Grimberg H, Reshef A, Shirvan A. Monitoring of chemotherapy-induced cell death in melanoma tumors by N,N'-Didansyl-L-cystine. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2007; 6:221-34. [PMID: 17535031 DOI: 10.1177/153303460700600310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early assessment of the efficacy of anticancer agents is a highly desirable and an unmet need in clinical oncology. Clinical imaging of cell-death may be useful in addressing this need, as induction of tumor cell-death is the primary mechanism of action of most anticancer drugs. In this study, we examined the performance of N,N'-Didansyl-L-cystine (DDC), a member of the ApoSense family of novel small molecule detectors of cell-death, as a potential tool for monitoring cell-death in cancer models. Detection of cell-death by DDC was examined in fluorescent studies on B16 melanoma cells both in vitro and ex vivo following its in vivo administration. In vitro, DDC manifested selective uptake and accumulation within apoptotic cells that was highly correlated with Annexin-V binding, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase activation. Uptake was not ATP-dependent, and was inducible by calcium mobilization. In vivo, DDC selectively targeted cells undergoing cell-death in melanoma tumors, while not binding to viable tumor cells. Chemotherapy caused marked tumor cell-death, evidenced by increased DDC uptake, which occurred before a detectable change in tumor size and was associated with increased animal survival. These data confirm the usefulness of imaging of cell-death by DDC as a tool for early monitoring of tumor response to anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Cohen
- NeuroSurvival Technologies Ltd., Petach-Tikva, Israel.
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47
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Gopalakrishnan A, Sievert M, Ruoho AE. Identification of the substrate binding region of vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2) using iodoaminoflisopolol as a novel photoprobe. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 72:1567-75. [PMID: 17766642 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.034439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamines, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, are sequestered into synaptic vesicles by specific transporters (vesicular monoamine transporter-2; VMAT2) using energy from an electrochemical proton gradient across the vesicle membranes. Based on our previous studies using photoaffinity-labeling techniques in characterizing the VMAT2-specific ligands ketanserin and tetrabenazine, this study describes the synthesis and characterization of a fluorenone-based compound, iodoaminoflisopolol (IAmF), as a photoprobe to identify the substrate binding site(s) of VMAT2. Using vesicles prepared from rat VMAT2 containing recombinant baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells, we show the inhibition of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake and [3H]dihydrotetrabenazine (TBZOH) binding by aminoflisopolol and iodoaminoflisopolol. The interaction of [125I]IAmF with VMAT2 is highly dependent on the presence of ATP and an intact proton gradient. We report a simple and novel method to distinguish between a ligand and substrate using classic compounds such as [3H]5-HT and [3H]TBZOH by incubating the compound with the vesicles followed by washes with isotonic and hypotonic solutions. Using this method, we confirm the characterization of IAmF as a novel VMAT2 substrate. Sf9 vesicles expressing VMAT2 show reserpine- and tetrabenazine-protectable photolabeling by [125I]IAmF. [125I]IAmF photolabeling of recombinant VMAT2, expressed in SH-SY5Y cells with an engineered thrombin site between transmembranes 6 and 7, followed by thrombin digestion, retained photolabel in a 22-kDa fragment, indicating that iodoaminoflisopolol binds to the C-terminal half of the VMAT2 molecule. Thus, IAmF possesses a unique combination of VMAT2 substrate properties and a photoprobe and is, therefore, useful to identify the substrate binding site of the vesicular transporter.
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48
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Dhadwal HS, Mukherjee B, Kemp P, Aller J, Liu Y, Radway J. A dual detector capillary waveguide biosensor for detection and quantification of hybridized target. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 598:147-54. [PMID: 17693319 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel technique for improving the sensitivity of analytical instruments based on the measurement of fluorescent intensity. Independent measurement of the Rayleigh scattered intensity component by means of a second photodetector leads to normalized data, which are independent of various experimental parameters. Incorporation of this technique into a fully automated capillary waveguide biosensor improved the instrument sensitivity by a factor of three. The technique enables quantification, as well as detection, of the hybridized target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harbans S Dhadwal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States.
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom N Grossmann
- Institut für Chemie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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50
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Akers W, Lesage F, Holten D, Achilefu S. In vivo resolution of multiexponential decays of multiple near-infrared molecular probes by fluorescence lifetime-gated whole-body time-resolved diffuse optical imaging. Mol Imaging 2007; 6:237-46. [PMID: 17711779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The biodistribution of two near-infrared fluorescent agents was assessed in vivo by time-resolved diffuse optical imaging. Bacteriochlorophyll a (BC) and cypate-glysine-arginine-aspartic acid-serine-proline-lysine-OH (Cyp-GRD) were administered separately or combined to mice with subcutaneous xenografts of human breast adenocarcinoma and slow-release estradiol pellets for improved tumor growth. The same excitation (780 nm) and emission (830 nm) wavelengths were used to image the distinct fluorescence lifetime distribution of the fluorescent molecular probes in the mouse cancer model. Fluorescence intensity and lifetime maps were reconstructed after raster-scanning whole-body regions of interest by time-correlated single-photon counting. Each captured temporal point-spread function (TPSF) was deconvolved using both a single and a multiexponental decay model to best determine the measured fluorescence lifetimes. The relative signal from each fluorophore was estimated for any region of interest included in the scanned area. Deconvolution of the individual TPSFs from whole-body fluorescence intensity scans provided corresponding lifetime images for comparing individual component biodistribution. In vivo fluorescence lifetimes were determined to be 0.8 ns (Cyp-GRD) and 2 ns (BC). This study demonstrates that the relative biodistribution of individual fluorophores with similar spectral characteristics can be compartmentalized by using the time-domain fluorescence lifetime gating method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Akers
- Optical Radiology Lab, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63146, USA
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