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Lu KP, Zhou XZ. Pin1-catalyzed conformational regulation after phosphorylation: A distinct checkpoint in cell signaling and drug discovery. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadi8743. [PMID: 38889227 PMCID: PMC11409840 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adi8743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common mechanisms regulating cellular signaling pathways, and many kinases and phosphatases are proven drug targets. Upon phosphorylation, protein functions can be further regulated by the distinct isomerase Pin1 through cis-trans isomerization. Numerous protein targets and many important roles have now been elucidated for Pin1. However, no tools are available to detect or target cis and trans conformation events in cells. The development of Pin1 inhibitors and stereo- and phospho-specific antibodies has revealed that cis and trans conformations have distinct and often opposing cellular functions. Aberrant conformational changes due to the dysregulation of Pin1 can drive pathogenesis but can be effectively targeted in age-related diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review advances in understanding the roles of Pin1 signaling in health and disease and highlight conformational regulation as a distinct signal transduction checkpoint in disease development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ping Lu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
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2
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Wang J, Qu J, Hou Q, Huo X, Zhao X, Chang L, Xu C. Strategies for the Isolation and Identification of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2024; 2024:5553852. [PMID: 38882596 PMCID: PMC11178399 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5553852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) originate from both gastric adult stem cells and bone marrow cells and are conspicuously present within the histological milieu of gastric cancer tissue. GCSCs play pivotal and multifaceted roles in the initiation, progression, and recurrence of gastric cancer. Hence, the characterization of GCSCs not only facilitates precise target identification for prospective therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer but also has significant implications for targeted therapy and the prognosis of gastric cancer. The prevailing techniques for GCSC purification involve their isolation using surface-specific cell markers, such as those identified by flow cytometry and immunomagnetic bead sorting techniques. In addition, in vitro culture and side-population cell sorting are integral methods in this context. This review discusses the surface biomarkers, isolation techniques, and identification methods of GCSCs, as well as their role in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
- Second Department of General Surgery Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068 710068, China
- Department of Graduate School Yan'an University, Yan'an 716009, China
| | - Jie Qu
- Second Department of General Surgery Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068 710068, China
- Department of Graduate School Yan'an University, Yan'an 716009, China
| | - Qiang Hou
- Second Department of General Surgery Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068 710068, China
- Department of Graduate School Yan'an University, Yan'an 716009, China
| | - Xueping Huo
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhao
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Le Chang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Cuixiang Xu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
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3
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Zhang ZZ, Yu WX, Zheng M, Liao XH, Wang JC, Yang DY, Lu WX, Wang L, Zhang S, Liu HK, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. Correction: Pin1 Inhibition Sensitizes Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer Cells by Targeting Stem Cell-like Traits and Multiple Biomarkers. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:743. [PMID: 38693904 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-24-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
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Liu Y, Chen H, Xiao L, Dong P, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Yang J, Bian B, Xie G, Chen L, Shen L. Notum enhances gastric cancer stem-like cell properties through upregulation of Sox2 by PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:463-480. [PMID: 37749430 PMCID: PMC11090966 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Considerable evidence suggests that tumor cells with stemness features contribute to initiation, progression, recurrence of gastric cancer (GC) and resistance to therapy, but involvement of underlying regulators and mechanisms remain largely unclear. However, the clinical significance and biological function of Notum in GC tumor sphere formation and tumorigenesis remain unclear. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis, RT-qPCR, western blot and imunohistochemistry staining were applied to characterize Notum expression in GC specimens. The early diagnostic value of Notum was analyzed by logistic regression analysis method. Cancer stemness assays were used in Notum knockdown and overexpressing cells in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq was employed to reveal the downstream effectors of Notum. RESULTS Notum is highly expressed in early stage of GC patients and stem-like GC cells. For discriminating the early-stage and advanced GC patients, the joint analysis had a better diagnostic value. Overexpression of Notum markedly increased stemness features of GC cells to promote tumor sphere formation and tumorigenesis. Conversely, Notum knockdown attenuated the stem-like cell properties in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, Notum upregulates Sox2 through activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Notum inhibitor Caffeine exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on stemness features by impairing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activity and targeting Sox2. CONCLUSION Our findings confer a comprehensive and mechanistic function of Notum in GC tumor sphere formation and tumorigenesis that may provide a novel and promising target for early diagnosis and clinical therapy of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lanshu Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yunlan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Junyao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bingxian Bian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Lisong Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Wang C, Xie GM, Zhang LP, Yan S, Xu JL, Han YL, Luo MJ, Gong JN. High Engraftment and Metastatic Rates in Orthotopic Xenograft Models of Gastric Cancer via Direct Implantation of Tumor Cell Suspensions. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:759. [PMID: 38398149 PMCID: PMC10886682 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the implantation of intact tumor fragments is a common practice to generate orthotopic xenografts to study tumor invasion and metastasis, the direct implantation of tumor cell suspensions is necessary when prior manipulations of tumor cells are required. However, the establishment of orthotopic xenografts using tumor cell suspensions is not mature, and a comparative study directly comparing their engraftment and metastatic capabilities is lacking. It is unclear whether tumor fragments are superior to cell suspensions for successful engraftment and metastasis. In this study, we employed three GC cell lines with varying metastatic capacities to stably express firefly luciferase for monitoring tumor progression in real time. We successfully minimized the risk of cell leakage during the orthotopic injection of tumor cell suspensions without Corning Matrigel by systematically optimizing the surgical procedure, injection volume, and needle size options. Comparable high engraftment and metastatic rates between these two methods were demonstrated using MKN-45 cells with a strong metastatic ability. Importantly, our approach can adjust the rate of tumor progression flexibly and cuts the experimental timeline from 10-12 weeks (for tumor fragments) to 4-5 weeks. Collectively, we provided a highly reproducible procedure with a shortened experimental timeline and low cost for establishing orthotopic GC xenografts via the direct implantation of tumor cell suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (C.W.); (G.-M.X.); (L.-P.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.-L.X.); (Y.-L.H.)
| | - Guo-Min Xie
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (C.W.); (G.-M.X.); (L.-P.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.-L.X.); (Y.-L.H.)
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (C.W.); (G.-M.X.); (L.-P.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.-L.X.); (Y.-L.H.)
| | - Shuo Yan
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (C.W.); (G.-M.X.); (L.-P.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.-L.X.); (Y.-L.H.)
| | - Jia-Li Xu
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (C.W.); (G.-M.X.); (L.-P.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.-L.X.); (Y.-L.H.)
| | - Yun-Lin Han
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (C.W.); (G.-M.X.); (L.-P.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.-L.X.); (Y.-L.H.)
| | - Ming-Jie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Jia-Nan Gong
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (C.W.); (G.-M.X.); (L.-P.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.-L.X.); (Y.-L.H.)
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Wang Y, Zhu W, Ma R, Tian Y, Chen X, Gao P. PIN1P1 is activated by CREB1 and promotes gastric cancer progression via interacting with YBX1 and upregulating PIN1. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18022. [PMID: 37929660 PMCID: PMC10805483 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in the carcinogenesis and progression of cancers. However, the role and mechanism of the pseudogene lncRNA PIN1P1 in gastric carcinoma remain unclear. The expression and effects of lncRNA PIN1P1 in gastric cancer were investigated. The transcriptional regulation of CREB1 on PIN1P1 was determined by ChIP and luciferase assays. The mechanistic model of PIN1P1 in gastric cancer was further explored by RNA pull-down, RIP and western blot analysis. PIN1P1 was overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues, and upregulated PIN1P1 predicted poor prognosis in patients. CREB1 was directly combined with the promoter region of PIN1P1 to promote the transcription of PIN1P1. CREB1-mediated enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion could be partially reversed by downregulation of PIN1P1. Overexpressed PIN1P1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, whereas decreased PIN1P1 showed the opposite effects. PIN1P1 directly interacted with YBX1 and promoted YBX1 protein expression, leading to upregulation of PIN1, in which E2F1 may be involved. Silencing of YBX1 during PIN1P1 overexpression could partially rescue PIN1 upregulation. PIN1, the parental gene of PIN1P1, was elevated in gastric cancer tissues, and its upregulation was correlated with poor patient outcomes. PIN1 facilitated gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. To sum up, CREB1-activated PIN1P1 could promote gastric cancer progression through YBX1 and upregulating PIN1, suggesting that it is a potential target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Wen Wang
- Department of PathologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical SciencesShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Wen‐Jie Zhu
- Department of PathologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical SciencesShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Ran‐Ran Ma
- Department of PathologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical SciencesShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Ya‐Ru Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical ScienceJinanShandongChina
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of PathologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical SciencesShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of PathologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical SciencesShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
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de Carvalho TG, Lara P, Jorquera-Cordero C, Aragão CFS, de Santana Oliveira A, Garcia VB, de Paiva Souza SV, Schomann T, Soares LAL, da Matta Guedes PM, de Araújo Júnior RF. Inhibition of murine colorectal cancer metastasis by targeting M2-TAM through STAT3/NF-kB/AKT signaling using macrophage 1-derived extracellular vesicles loaded with oxaliplatin, retinoic acid, and Libidibia ferrea. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115663. [PMID: 37832408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is still unmanageable despite advances in target therapy. However, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown potential in nanomedicine as drug delivery systems, especially for modulating the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, M1 Macrophage EVs (M1EVs) were used as nanocarriers of oxaliplatin (M1EV1) associated with retinoic acid (M1EV2) and Libidibia ferrea (M1EV3), alone or in combination (M1EV4) to evaluate their antiproliferative and immunomodulatory potential on CT-26 and MC-38 colorectal cancer cell lines and prevent metastasis in mice of allograft and peritoneal colorectal cancer models. Tumors were evaluated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The cell death profile and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process (EMT) were analyzed in vitro in colorectal cancer cell lines. Polarization of murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) was also carried out. M1EV2 and M1EV3 used alone or particularly M1EV4 downregulated the tumor progression by TME immunomodulation, leading to a decrease in primary tumor size and metastasis in the peritoneum, liver, and lungs. STAT3, NF-kB, and AKT were the major genes downregulated by of M1EV systems. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) shifted from an M2 phenotype (CD163) to an M1 phenotype (CD68) reducing levels of IL-10, TGF-β and CCL22. Furthermore, malignant cells showed overexpression of FADD, APAF-1, caspase-3, and E-cadherin, and decreased expression of MDR1, survivin, vimentin, and PD-L1 after treatment with systems of M1EVs. The study shows that EVs from M1 antitumor macrophages can transport drugs and enhance their immunomodulatory and antitumor activity by modulating pathways associated with cell proliferation, migration, survival, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Gomes de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Inflammation and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Pablo Lara
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Carla Jorquera-Cordero
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cícero Flávio Soares Aragão
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil; Medicines Quality Control Laboratory (LCQMed), Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Artur de Santana Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil; Medicines Quality Control Laboratory (LCQMed), Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Barreto Garcia
- Inflammation and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Shirley Vitória de Paiva Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil; Inflammation and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Timo Schomann
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Luiz Alberto Lira Soares
- Post Graduation Program in Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcos da Matta Guedes
- Department of Parasitology and Microbiology and Post-Graduation Program in Parasite Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Inflammation and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
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8
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Tang C, Zhang H, Deng WS, Xiong LQ, Zhou LQ. Role of POU1F1 promoting the properties of stemness of gastric carcinoma through ENO1-mediated glycolysis reprogramming. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:904-915. [PMID: 37334727 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a rare subset of tumor cells, have been recognized as promotive role on tumor initiation and propagation. Among, aerobic glycolysis, widely clarified in multiple tumor cells, is the key for maintaining cancer stemness. Regrettably, it is largely unknown about the connection of cellular metabolic reprogramming and stemness in gastric carcinoma (GC). Two GC parental cells lines PAMC-82 and SNU-16 and their spheroids were obtained to determine the expression status of POU1F1 using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting analysis, respectively. Gain or loss-of-function assay was employed to assess its biological effects. Sphere formation and transwell assays were performed to evaluate the stem cell-like traits, including self-renewal capacity, migration and invasion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assays were conducted for determining the binding relationship of POU1F1 on ENO1 promoter region. Herein, aberrantly upregulated POU1F1 was observed in spheroids, compared with the parental PAMC-82 and SNU-16 cells, which promoted stem cell-like traits, as representing increasing sphere formation, enhanced cell migration and invasion. Additionally, POU1F1 expression was positively with glycolytic signaling, as displaying increasing glucose consumption, lactic acid production, and extracellular acid ratio (ECAR). Furthermore, POU1F1 was identified to be a transcriptional activator of ENO1, of which overexpression remarkably abolished POU1F1 knockdown-mediated blocking effects. Taken together, we draw a conclusion that POU1F1 facilitated the stem cell-like properties of GC cells through transcriptionally augmenting ENO1 to enhance glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The first affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The first affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The first affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The first affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li-Qiang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The first affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Targeting prolyl isomerase Pin1 as a promising strategy to overcome resistance to cancer therapies. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106456. [PMID: 36116709 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of tumor therapeutic resistance is one of the important reasons for the failure of antitumor therapy. Starting with multiple targets and multiple signaling pathways is helpful in understanding the mechanism of tumor resistance. The overexpression of prolyl isomerase Pin1 is highly correlated with the malignancy of cancer, since Pin1 controls many oncogenes and tumor suppressors, as well as a variety of cancer-driving signaling pathways. Strikingly, numerous studies have shown that Pin1 is directly involved in therapeutic resistance. In this review, we mainly summarize the functions and mechanisms of Pin1 in therapeutic resistance of multifarious cancers, such as breast, liver, and pancreatic carcinomas. Furtherly, from the perspective of Pin1-driven cancer signaling pathways including Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, as well as Pin1 inhibitors containing juglone, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), it is better to demonstrate the important potential role and mechanism of Pin1 in resistance and sensitization to cancer therapies. It will provide new therapeutic approaches for clinical reversal and prevention of tumor resistance by employing synergistic administration of Pin1 inhibitors and chemotherapeutics, implementing combination therapy of Pin1-related cancer signaling pathway inhibitors and Pin1 inhibitors, and exploiting novel Pin1-specific inhibitors.
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Yang Y, Meng WJ, Wang ZQ. The origin of gastric cancer stem cells and their effects on gastric cancer: Novel therapeutic targets for gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960539. [PMID: 36185219 PMCID: PMC9520244 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies and the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Furthermore, the prognosis of advanced GC remains poor even after surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy. As a small group of cells with unlimited differentiation and self-renewal ability in GC, accumulating evidence shows that GC stem cells (GCSCs) are closely associated with the refractory characteristics of GC, such as drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. With the extensive development of research on GCSCs, GCSCs seem to be promising therapeutic targets for GC. However, the relationship between GCSCs and GC is profound and intricate, and its mechanism of action is still under exploration. In this review, we elaborate on the source and key concepts of GCSCs, systematically summarize the role of GCSCs in GC and their underlying mechanisms. Finally, we review the latest information available on the treatment of GC by targeting GCSCs. Thus, this article may provide a theoretical basis for the future development of the novel targets based on GCSCs for the treatment of GC.
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11
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Lee YM, Teoh DEJ, Yeung K, Liou YC. The kingdom of the prolyl-isomerase Pin1: The structural and functional convergence and divergence of Pin1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:956071. [PMID: 36111342 PMCID: PMC9468764 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.956071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 20 years since its discovery, our understanding of Pin1 function in various diseases continues to improve. Pin1 plays a crucial role in pathogenesis and has been implicated in metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, viral infection, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease. In particular, the role of Pin1 in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer has been extensively studied. Our understanding of Pin1 in cancer also led to the development of cancer therapeutic drugs targeting Pin1, with some currently in clinical trial phases. However, identifying a Pin1-specific drug with good cancer therapeutic effect remains elusive, thus leading to the continued efforts in Pin1 research. The importance of Pin1 is highlighted by the presence of Pin1 orthologs across various species: from vertebrates to invertebrates and Kingdom Animalia to Plantae. Among these Pin1 orthologs, their sequence and structural similarity demonstrate the presence of conservation. Moreover, their similar functionality between species further highlights the conservancy of Pin1. As researchers continue to unlock the mysteries of Pin1 in various diseases, using different Pin1 models might shed light on how to better target Pin1 for disease therapeutics. This review aims to highlight the various Pin1 orthologs in numerous species and their divergent functional roles. We will examine their sequence and structural similarities and discuss their functional similarities and uniqueness to demonstrate the interconnectivity of Pin1 orthologs in multiple diseases.
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Li W, Chen H, Wang Z, Liu J, Lei X, Chen W. Chromobox 4 (CBX4) promotes tumor progression and stemness via activating CDC20 in gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 13:1058-1072. [PMID: 35837165 PMCID: PMC9274029 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chromobox homolog 4 (CBX4) has been found to be overexpressed in multiple malignancies. However, the associations between CBX4 and gastric cancer (GC) have remained unclear. This study aimed to determine the biological roles of CBX4 in GC and identify effective therapeutic targets. METHODS The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) (MTT) assays were used to screen CBX family members. Differential analysis was utilized to evaluate the CBX4 levels. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to perform prognostic analysis. Western blotting assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to assess CBX4 expressions. Colony formation assay, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and Transwell assay were used to assess progression features of cells. The tail vein injection model was utilized to determine the metastatic efficacy of GC cells. Tumor sphere formation assay was used to assess tumor stemness maintenance ability. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR assay was used to evaluate the associations between CBX4 and CDC20. A subcutaneous tumor model was used to assess the in vivo growth ability of GC. RESULTS The MTT assay revealed that only CBX4 inhibition could lead to notable restriction of GC growth, as compared to others. Differential analysis suggested that CBX4 was upregulated in tumor samples relative to normal tissues. Less favorable overall survival (OS) outcomes were noticed in GC patients with high CBX4 in comparison to those with low CBX4. High CBX4 could notably enhance cell proliferation capacity, migration ability, and in vivo metastatic efficacy. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated the relationships between CBX4 and GC stemness, and CBX4 overexpression could remarkably elevate self-renewal ability of GC cells. In addition, CBX4 could mainly promote CDC20 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, and targeting CBX4 suppressed the relative CDC20 levels. The ChIP-qPCR assay further demonstrated that CBX4 coordinated with H3K4me3 to bind at the CDC20 promoter region. Additionally, CBX4 depended on CDC20 to drive GC growth. Lastly, downregulated CBX4 could notably inhibit the growth of GC in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the oncogenic roles of CBX4 in GC. CBX4 activates CDC20 to maintain stemness features of GC, thereby creating therapeutic vulnerabilities in the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Honghui Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhenggen Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xinan Lei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wen Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Targeting Pin1 for Modulation of Cell Motility and Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040359. [PMID: 33807199 PMCID: PMC8065645 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) specifically binds and isomerizes the phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) motif, which leads to changes in protein conformation and function. Pin1 is widely overexpressed in cancers and plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Mounting evidence has revealed that targeting Pin1 is a potential therapeutic approach for various cancers by inhibiting cell proliferation, reducing metastasis, and maintaining genome stability. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms of Pin1-mediated upregulation of oncogenes and downregulation of tumor suppressors in cancer development. Furthermore, we also discuss the multiple roles of Pin1 in cancer hallmarks and examine Pin1 as a desirable pharmaceutical target for cancer therapy. We also summarize the recent progress of Pin1-targeted small-molecule compounds for anticancer activity.
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Gholamzadeh Khoei S, Saidijam M, Amini R, Jalali A, Najafi R. Impact of PIN1 Inhibition on Tumor Progression and Chemotherapy Sensitivity in Colorectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 53:299-310. [PMID: 33580870 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulated PIN1 is associated with cancer development and progression. Herein, for the first time, we evaluate the roles that PIN1 in tumorigenic characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. METHODS In this study, PIN1 expression was knocked down in SW-48 cells by synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA). After confirming the knockdown of PIN1, cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, autophagy, cancer stem cell (CSC)-related genes, CSC-related signaling pathways, cell migration, and 5-FU chemosensitivity were evaluated in vitro. RESULTS Transfection of PIN1 siRNA into SW-48 cells inhibited cancer cell proliferation, migration, and increased apoptosis and autophagy. Transfected SW-48 cells had lower properties of CSCs through the inhibition of β-catenin and Notch1 gene expression. Moreover, inhibition of PIN1 enhanced the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on SW-48 cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that targeting of PIN1 serves as a promising therapeutic solution for the suppression of tumor progression processes in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Jalali
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Sun L, Huang C, Zhu M, Guo S, Gao Q, Wang Q, Chen B, Li R, Zhao Y, Wang M, Chen Z, Shen B, Zhu W. Gastric cancer mesenchymal stem cells regulate PD-L1-CTCF enhancing cancer stem cell-like properties and tumorigenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11950-11962. [PMID: 33204322 PMCID: PMC7667687 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been the focus of many studies because of their abilities to modulate immune responses, angiogenesis, and promote tumor growth and metastasis. Our previous work showed that gastric cancer MSCs (GCMSCs) promoted immune escape by secreting of IL-8, which induced programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in GC cells. Mounting evidence has revealed that PD-L1 expression is related to intrinsic tumor cell properties. Here, we investigated whether GCMSCs maintained a pool of cancer stem cells (CSCs) through PD-L1 signaling and the specific underlying molecular mechanism. Methods: Stem cell surface markers, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, migration and sphere formation abilities were tested to evaluate the stemness of GC cells. PD-L1-expressing lentivirus and PD-L1 specific siRNA were used to analyze the effects of PD-L1 on GC cells stemness. Annexin V/PI double staining was used to assess apoptosis of GC cells induced by chemotherapy. Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and Mass spectrometry were employed to determine the PD-L1 binding partner in GC cells. PD-L1Negative and PD-L1Positive cells were sorted by flow cytometry and used for limiting dilution assays to verify the effect of PD-L1 on tumorigenic ability in GC cells. Results: The results showed that GCMSCs enhanced the CSC-like properties of GC cells through PD-L1, which led to the resistance of GC cells to chemotherapy. PD-L1 associated with CTCF to contribute to the stemness and self-renewal of GC cells. In vivo, PD-L1Positive GC cells had greater stemness potential and tumorigenicity than PD-L1Negative GC cells. The results also indicated that GC cells were heterogeneous, and that PD-L1 in GC cells had different reactivity to GCMSCs. Conclusions: Overall, our data indicated that GCMSCs enriched CSC-like cells in GC cells, which gives a new insight into the mechanism of GCMSCs prompting GC progression and provides a potential combined therapeutic target.
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Deficiency of microRNA-628-5p promotes the progression of gastric cancer by upregulating PIN1. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:559. [PMID: 32703934 PMCID: PMC7378826 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. PIN1, belonging to peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase family, uniquely catalyzes the structural transformation of phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motif. It's high expressed in most cancers and promotes their progression. However, the mechanism of PIN1 high expression and its function in gastric cancer progression are still unclear. In this research, we revealed that PIN1 not only promotes the proliferation and colony formation of gastric cancer, but also increases its migration and invasion. The PIN1 expression in metastasis lesion is usually higher than the corresponding primary site. Inhibiting PIN1 by shRNA suppresses the progression of gastric cancer significantly. Besides, we demonstrated that miR-628-5p is a novel PIN1-targeted microRNA, and the expression of miR-628-5p is negatively correlated with PIN1 in gastric cancer. Exogenous expression of miR-628-5p inhibits the progression of gastric cancer that revered by restoring PIN1 expression. However, miR-628-5p is downregulated in majority of gastric cancer tissue especially in metastasis lesion. The lower miR-628-5p level indicates poorer prognosis. In summary, our study demonstrated that deficient miR-628-5p expression facilitates the expression of PIN1, and consequently promotes the progression of gastric cancer.
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Kong FB, Deng QM, Deng HQ, Dong CC, Li L, He CG, Wang XT, Xu S, Mai W. Siva‑1 regulates multidrug resistance of gastric cancer by targeting MDR1 and MRP1 via the NF‑κB pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1558-1566. [PMID: 32626967 PMCID: PMC7339453 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Siva-1 is a well-known anti-apoptosis protein that serves a role in multiple types of cancer cells. However, whether Siva-1 affects multidrug resistance via the NF-κB pathway in gastric cancer is currently unknown. The present study aimed to determine the possible involvement of Siva-1 in gastric cancer anticancer drug resistance in vitro. A vincristine (VCR)-resistant KATO III/VCR gastric cancer cell line with stable Siva-1 overexpression was established. The protein expression levels of Siva-1, NF-κB, multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) were detected via western blotting. The effect of Siva-1 overexpression on anticancer drug resistance was assessed by measuring the 50% inhibitory concentration of KATO III/VCR cells to VCR, 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin. The rate of doxorubicin efflux and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Additionally, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays were used to detect the proliferation, migration and invasion of cells, respectively. The results of the current study revealed that the Siva-1-overexpressed KATO III/VCR gastric cancer cells exhibited a significantly decreased sensitivity to VCR, 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin. The results of flow cytometry revealed that the percentage of apoptotic cells decreased following overexpression of Siva-1. The colony formation assay demonstrated that cell growth and proliferation were significantly promoted by Siva-1 overexpression. Additionally, Siva-1 overexpression increased the migration and invasion of KATO III/VCR cells in vitro. Western blot analysis determined that Siva-1 overexpression increased NF-κB, MDR1 and MRP1 levels. The current study demonstrated that overexpression of Siva-1, which functions as a regulator of MDR1 and MRP1 gene expression in gastric cancer cells via promotion of NF-κB expression, inhibited the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to certain chemotherapies. These data provided novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of gastric cancer, and may be of significance for the clinical diagnosis and therapy of patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Biao Kong
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Ming Deng
- Department of Surgery, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530023, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Qiang Deng
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Cheng Dong
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Peripheral Vascular Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Gang He
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Peripheral Vascular Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Mai
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Peripheral Vascular Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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Molecular Chaperones in Cancer Stem Cells: Determinants of Stemness and Potential Targets for Antitumor Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040892. [PMID: 32268506 PMCID: PMC7226806 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a great challenge in the fight against cancer because these self-renewing tumorigenic cell fractions are thought to be responsible for metastasis dissemination and cases of tumor recurrence. In comparison with non-stem cancer cells, CSCs are known to be more resistant to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Elucidation of mechanisms and factors that promote the emergence and existence of CSCs and their high resistance to cytotoxic treatments would help to develop effective CSC-targeting therapeutics. The present review is dedicated to the implication of molecular chaperones (protein regulators of polypeptide chain folding) in both the formation/maintenance of the CSC phenotype and cytoprotective machinery allowing CSCs to survive after drug or radiation exposure and evade immune attack. The major cellular chaperones, namely heat shock proteins (HSP90, HSP70, HSP40, HSP27), glucose-regulated proteins (GRP94, GRP78, GRP75), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), peptidyl-prolyl isomerases, protein disulfide isomerases, calreticulin, and also a transcription heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) initiating HSP gene expression are here considered as determinants of the cancer cell stemness and potential targets for a therapeutic attack on CSCs. Various approaches and agents are discussed that may be used for inhibiting the chaperone-dependent development/manifestations of cancer cell stemness.
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Yadav VG. A potential gut punch to gastric cancer. Sci Transl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Combination chemotherapies that also inhibit the proline isomerase Pin1 may overcome the notorious drug resistance of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikramaditya G. Yadav
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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