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Chen D, Gu X, Nurzat Y, Xu L, Li X, Wu L, Jiao H, Gao P, Zhu X, Yan D, Li S, Xue C. Writers, readers, and erasers RNA modifications and drug resistance in cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:178. [PMID: 39215288 PMCID: PMC11363509 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance in cancer cells significantly diminishes treatment efficacy, leading to recurrence and metastasis. A critical factor contributing to this resistance is the epigenetic alteration of gene expression via RNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), 7-methylguanosine (m7G), pseudouridine (Ψ), and adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing. These modifications are pivotal in regulating RNA splicing, translation, transport, degradation, and stability. Governed by "writers," "readers," and "erasers," RNA modifications impact numerous biological processes and cancer progression, including cell proliferation, stemness, autophagy, invasion, and apoptosis. Aberrant RNA modifications can lead to drug resistance and adverse outcomes in various cancers. Thus, targeting RNA modification regulators offers a promising strategy for overcoming drug resistance and enhancing treatment efficacy. This review consolidates recent research on the role of prevalent RNA modifications in cancer drug resistance, with a focus on m6A, m1A, m5C, m7G, Ψ, and A-to-I editing. Additionally, it examines the regulatory mechanisms of RNA modifications linked to drug resistance in cancer and underscores the existing limitations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Yeltai Nurzat
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xueyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Henan Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xuqiang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Dongming Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Chen Xue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Chen H, Liu H, Zhang C, Xiao N, Li Y, Zhao X, Zhang R, Gu H, Kang Q, Wan J. RNA methylation-related inhibitors: Biological basis and therapeutic potential for cancer therapy. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1644. [PMID: 38572667 PMCID: PMC10993167 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA methylation is widespread in nature. Abnormal expression of proteins associated with RNA methylation is strongly associated with a number of human diseases including cancer. Increasing evidence suggests that targeting RNA methylation holds promise for cancer treatment. This review specifically describes several common RNA modifications, such as the relatively well-studied N6-methyladenosine, as well as 5-methylcytosine and pseudouridine (Ψ). The regulatory factors involved in these modifications and their roles in RNA are also comprehensively discussed. We summarise the diverse regulatory functions of these modifications across different types of RNAs. Furthermore, we elucidate the structural characteristics of these modifications along with the development of specific inhibitors targeting them. Additionally, recent advancements in small molecule inhibitors targeting RNA modifications are presented to underscore their immense potential and clinical significance in enhancing therapeutic efficacy against cancer. KEY POINTS: In this paper, several important types of RNA modifications and their related regulatory factors are systematically summarised. Several regulatory factors related to RNA modification types were associated with cancer progression, and their relationships with cancer cell migration, invasion, drug resistance and immune environment were summarised. In this paper, the inhibitors targeting different regulators that have been proposed in recent studies are summarised in detail, which is of great significance for the development of RNA modification regulators and cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxiang Chen
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- School of Life ScienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Chenxing Zhang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | | | - Ruike Zhang
- Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Huihui Gu
- Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life ScienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Junhu Wan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Ichikawa K, Ito S, Kato E, Abe N, Machida T, Iwasaki J, Tanaka G, Araki H, Wakayama K, Jona H, Sugimoto T, Miyadera K, Ohkubo S. TAS0612, a Novel RSK, AKT, and S6K Inhibitor, Exhibits Antitumor Effects in Preclinical Tumor Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:174-186. [PMID: 37906695 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The MAPK and PI3K pathways are involved in cancer growth and survival; however, the clinical efficacy of single inhibitors of each pathway is limited or transient owing to resistance mechanisms, such as feedback signaling and/or reexpression of receptor-type tyrosine kinases (RTK). This study identified a potent and novel kinase inhibitor, TAS0612, and characterized its properties. We found that TAS0612 is a potent, orally available compound that can inhibit p90RSK (RSK), AKT, and p70S6K (S6K) as a single agent and showed a strong correlation with the growth inhibition of cancer cells with PTEN loss or mutations, regardless of the presence of KRAS and BRAF mutations. Additional RSK inhibitory activity may differentiate the sensitivity profile of TAS0612 from that of signaling inhibitors that target only the PI3K pathway. Moreover, TAS0612 demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against tumor models wherein inhibition of MAPK or PI3K pathways was insufficient to exert antitumor effects. TAS0612 exhibited a stronger growth-inhibitory activity against the cancer cell lines and tumor models with dysregulated signaling with the genetic abnormalities described above than treatment with inhibitors against AKT, PI3K, MEK, BRAF, and EGFR/HER2. In addition, TAS0612 demonstrated the persistence of blockade of downstream growth and antiapoptotic signals, despite activation of upstream effectors in the signaling pathway and FoxO-dependent reexpression of HER3. In conclusion, TAS0612 with RSK/AKT/S6K inhibitory activity may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with cancer to improve clinical responses and overcome resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ichikawa
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ito
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Emi Kato
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naomi Abe
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takumitsu Machida
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junya Iwasaki
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Gotaro Tanaka
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hikari Araki
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Wakayama
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideki Jona
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sugimoto
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Miyadera
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohkubo
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Ru J, Lu J, Ge J, Ding B, Su R, Jiang Y, Sun Y, Ma J, Li Y, Sun J, Xu G, Tong R, Zheng S, Yang B, Wu J. IRGM is a novel regulator of PD-L1 via promoting S6K1-mediated phosphorylation of YBX1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 581:216495. [PMID: 37993085 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM), an Interferon-inducible protein, functions as a pivotal immunoregulator in multiple autoimmune diseases and infection. However, the role of IRGM in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development remains unveiled. Here, we found interferon-γ (IFN-γ) treatment in HCC drastically triggered the expression of IRGM, and the high level of IRGM indicated poor prognosis in HCC patients. Functionally, IRGM promoted the malignant progression of HCC. Single-cell sequencing revealed that IRGM inhibition promoted the infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with significant downregulation of PD-L1 expression in HCC. Furthermore, Immunoprecipitation-Mass Spectrometry assay revealed that IRGM interacted with transcription factor YBX1, which facilitated PD-L1 transcription. Mechanistically, IRGM promoted the interaction of YBX1 and phosphokinase S6K1, increasing phosphorylation and nuclear localization of YBX1, transcription of PD-L1. Additionally, the combination of IRGM inhibition with α-PD1 demonstrated a stronger anti-tumor effect compared to the single application of α-PD1. In summary, IRGM is a novel regulator of PD-L1, which suppresses CD8+ CTLs infiltration and function in HCC, resulting in cancer progression. This study may raise a novel therapeutic strategy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Ru
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahua Lu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jiangzhen Ge
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Rong Su
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- General Practice Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jingqi Sun
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangming Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Rongliang Tong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Beng Yang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, China.
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Dinh NTM, Nguyen TM, Park MK, Lee CH. Y-Box Binding Protein 1: Unraveling the Multifaceted Role in Cancer Development and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:717. [PMID: 38255791 PMCID: PMC10815159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1), a member of the Cold Shock Domain protein family, is overexpressed in various human cancers and is recognized as an oncogenic gene associated with poor prognosis. YBX1's functional diversity arises from its capacity to interact with a broad range of DNA and RNA molecules, implicating its involvement in diverse cellular processes. Independent investigations have unveiled specific facets of YBX1's contribution to cancer development. This comprehensive review elucidates YBX1's multifaceted role in cancer across cancer hallmarks, both in cancer cell itself and the tumor microenvironment. Based on this, we proposed YBX1 as a potential target for cancer treatment. Notably, ongoing clinical trials addressing YBX1 as a target in breast cancer and lung cancer have showcased its promise for cancer therapy. The ramp up in in vitro research on targeting YBX1 compounds also underscores its growing appeal. Moreover, the emerging role of YBX1 as a neural input is also proposed where the high level of YBX1 was strongly associated with nerve cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This review also summarized the up-to-date advanced research on the involvement of YBX1 in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thi Minh Dinh
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (N.T.M.D.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Tuan Minh Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (N.T.M.D.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of BioHealthcare, Hwasung Medi-Science University, Hwaseong-si 18274, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (N.T.M.D.); (T.M.N.)
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Wright EB, Lannigan DA. Therapeutic targeting of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1297292. [PMID: 38169775 PMCID: PMC10758423 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1297292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Serine/Threonine protein kinase family, p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK) are downstream effectors of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and are activated in response to tyrosine kinase receptor or G-protein coupled receptor signaling. RSK contains two distinct kinase domains, an N-terminal kinase (NTKD) and a C-terminal kinase (CTKD). The sole function of the CTKD is to aid in the activation of the NTKD, which is responsible for substrate phosphorylation. RSK regulates various homeostatic processes including those involved in transcription, translation and ribosome biogenesis, proliferation and survival, cytoskeleton, nutrient sensing, excitation and inflammation. RSK also acts as a major negative regulator of ERK1/2 signaling. RSK is associated with numerous cancers and has been primarily studied in the context of transformation and metastasis. The development of specific RSK inhibitors as cancer therapeutics has lagged behind that of other members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Importantly, a pan-RSK inhibitor, PMD-026, is currently in phase I/1b clinical trials for metastatic breast cancer. However, there are four members of the RSK family, which have overlapping and distinct functions that can vary in a tissue specific manner. Thus, a problem for transitioning a RSK inhibitor to the clinic may be the necessity to develop isoform specific inhibitors, which will be challenging as the NTKDs are very similar to each other. CTKD inhibitors have limited use as therapeutics as they are not able to inhibit the activity of the NTKD but could be used in the development of proteolysis-targeting chimeras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B. Wright
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Deborah A. Lannigan
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Khozooei S, Veerappan S, Toulany M. YB-1 activating cascades as potential targets in KRAS-mutated tumors. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1110-1127. [PMID: 37268766 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Y‑box binding protein‑1 (YB-1) is a multifunctional protein that is highly expressed in human solid tumors of various entities. Several cellular processes, e.g. cell cycle progression, cancer stemness and DNA damage signaling that are involved in the response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) are tightly governed by YB‑1. KRAS gene with about 30% mutations in all cancers, is considered the most commonly mutated oncogene in human cancers. Accumulating evidence indicates that oncogenic KRAS mediates CRT resistance. AKT and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase are downstream of KRAS and are the major kinases that stimulate YB‑1 phosphorylation. Thus, there is a close link between the KRAS mutation status and YB‑1 activity. In this review paper, we highlight the importance of the KRAS/YB‑1 cascade in the response of KRAS-mutated solid tumors to CRT. Likewise, the opportunities to interfere with this pathway to improve CRT outcome are discussed in light of the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Khozooei
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Soundaram Veerappan
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Katsuragawa‐Taminishi Y, Mizutani S, Kawaji‐Kanayama Y, Onishi A, Okamoto H, Isa R, Mizuhara K, Muramatsu A, Fujino T, Tsukamoto T, Shimura Y, Taniwaki M, Miyagawa‐Hayashino A, Konishi E, Kuroda J. Triple targeting of RSK, AKT, and S6K as pivotal downstream effectors of PDPK1 by TAS0612 in B-cell lymphomas. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4691-4705. [PMID: 37840379 PMCID: PMC10728023 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphomas (BCLs) are the most common disease entity among hematological malignancies and have various genetically and molecularly distinct subtypes. In this study, we revealed that the blockade of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDPK1), the master kinase of AGC kinases, induces a growth inhibition via cell cycle arrest and the induction of apoptosis in all eight BCL-derived cell lines examined, including those from activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), double expressor DLBCL, Burkitt lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma. We also demonstrated that, in these cell lines, RSK2, AKT, and S6K, but not PLK1, SGK, or PKC, are the major downstream therapeutic target molecules of PDPK1 and that RSK2 plays a central role and AKT and S6K play subsidiary functional roles as the downstream effectors of PDPK1 in cell survival and proliferation. Following these results, we confirmed the antilymphoma efficacy of TAS0612, a triple inhibitor for total RSK, including RSK2, AKT, and S6K, not only in these cell lines, regardless of disease subtypes, but also in all 25 patient-derived B lymphoma cells of various disease subtypes. At the molecular level, TAS0612 caused significant downregulation of MYC and mTOR target genes while inducing the tumor suppressor TP53INP1 protein in these cell lines. These results prove that the simultaneous blockade of RSK2, AKT, and S6K, which are the pivotal downstream substrates of PDPK1, is a novel therapeutic target for the various disease subtypes of BCLs and line up TAS0612 as an attractive candidate agent for BCLs for future clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Katsuragawa‐Taminishi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Shinsuke Mizutani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Yuka Kawaji‐Kanayama
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Akio Onishi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Haruya Okamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Reiko Isa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Kentaro Mizuhara
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Ayako Muramatsu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Takahiro Fujino
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Taku Tsukamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Yuji Shimura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
- Department of Blood TransfusionKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Masafumi Taniwaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | | | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Surgical PathologyKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
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Sun Y, Tang L, Wu C, Wang J, Wang C. RSK inhibitors as potential anticancer agents: Discovery, optimization, and challenges. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115229. [PMID: 36898330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family is a group of serine/threonine kinases, including four isoforms (RSK1/2/3/4). As a downstream effector of the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras-MAPK) pathway, RSK participates in many physiological activities such as cell growth, proliferation, and migration, and is intimately involved in tumor occurrence and development. As a result, it is recognized as a potential target for anti-cancer and anti-resistance therapies. There have been several RSK inhibitors discovered or designed in recent decades, but only two have entered clinical trials. Low specificity, low selectivity, and poor pharmacokinetic properties in vivo limit their clinical translation. Published studies performed structure optimization by increasing interaction with RSK, avoiding hydrolysis of pharmacophores, eliminating chirality, adapting to binding site shape, and becoming prodrugs. Besides enhancing efficacy, the focus of further design will move towards selectivity since there are functional differences among RSK isoforms. This review summarized the types of cancers associated with RSK, along with the structural characteristics and optimization process of the reported RSK inhibitors. Furthermore, we addressed the importance of RSK inhibitors' selectivity and discussed future drug development directions. This review is expected to shed light on the emergence of RSK inhibitors with high potency, specificity, and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lichao Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, United States
| | - Chengyong Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Chengdi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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10
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Li X, Chen G, Liu B, Tao Z, Wu Y, Zhang K, Feng Z, Huang Y, Wang H. PLK1 inhibition promotes apoptosis and DNA damage in glioma stem cells by regulating the nuclear translocation of YBX1. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:68. [PMID: 36805592 PMCID: PMC9938146 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are the important cause of tumorigenesis, recurrence, and chemo(radio)resistance in glioma. Targeting GSCs helps improve the outcomes of glioma treatment. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, which is highly conserved. In recent years, it has been suggested that increased levels of PLK1 and its activity are associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. We aimed to identify whether PLK1 plays a critical role in stemness maintenance and apoptosis regulation in GSCs. Here we identify that PLK1 inhibition can induce apoptosis and DNA damage of GSCs, we have also delineat the possible underlying molecular mechanisms: PLK1 interacts with YBX1 and directly phosphorylates serine 174 and serine 176 of YBX1. Inhibition of PLK1 reduces the phosphorylation level of YBX1, and decreased phosphorylation of YBX1 prevents its nuclear translocation, thereby inducing apoptosis and DNA damage of GSCs. We confirmed that YBX1 knockdown resulted in the apoptosis and DNA damage of GSCs. These findings uncover that PLK1 inhibition induces cell apoptosis and DNA damage in GSCs through YBX1 phosphorylation, providing new insights into the mechanism by which PLK1 inhibition contributes to the apoptosis of and DNA damage in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Li
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Guangliang Chen
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Bin Liu
- grid.469564.cDepartment of Neurosurgery, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007 China
| | - Zhennan Tao
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Kai Zhang
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Zibin Feng
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yulun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Hussain SA, Venkatesh T. YBX1/lncRNA SBF2-AS1 interaction regulates proliferation and tamoxifen sensitivity via PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling in breast cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3413-3428. [PMID: 36754932 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) is a multifunctional oncoprotein that can interact with several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to regulate metastasis in malignancies including breast cancer (BC). In the present study, we demonstrated the association of YBX1 with oncogenic lncRNA SBF2-AS1 (SET-binding factor 2 antisense RNA 1) via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to regulate BC cell proliferation. We further explored the involvement of the YBX1/SBF2-AS1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in the restoration of tamoxifen (TAM) sensitivity. METHODS AND RESULTS YBX1-SBF2-AS1 association was predicted in silico and verified by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP)-qPCR assay. Transfection experiments, Real-time RT PCR, Western blots, Phospho AKT/mTOR antibody array kit, and cell proliferation/apoptosis assays were employed to detect the YBX1/SBF2-AS1/ PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis and its effects upon TAM treatment in vitro. We identified that the YBX1 protein specifically binds to lncRNA SBF2-AS1. Our transfection experiments in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cells with SBF2-AS1 silenced or overexpressed YBX1 plasmids, and their negative controls revealed that YBX1 regulates the expression of SBF2-AS1 by forming a positive feedback loop for its activation. We further demonstrated YBX1-SBF2-AS1 association exerts its effects on cell proliferation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, we observed an increase in TAM sensitivity in BC cells after the knockdown of YBX1-SBF2-AS1 marked by decreased cell proliferation through disruption of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. CONCLUSION Our study has identified a novel YBX1/SBF2-AS1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR regulatory axis which may serve as a potential target to improve the effectiveness and efficacy of TAM treatment in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaharbhanu A Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Thejaswini Venkatesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India.
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12
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YB-1 Expression Is Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis and Drug Resistance to Adriamycin in Breast Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:4667089. [PMID: 36785738 PMCID: PMC9922184 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4667089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor among females. Although there are multiple treatments for breast cancer, many patients still face the dilemma of drug resistance after multiline treatment. It would be greatly helpful for clinical work to identify additional and improved prognostic predictors. Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) is a member of the cold shock protein family, and patients with overexpression of YB-1 have a worse prognosis. Methods This study collected 48 specimens from 48 patients with breast cancer and analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, cell viability analysis, tumor spheroid formation and cell morphology, cell invasion, cycle analysis, qRT-PCR, Western blot, and tumorigenicity in BALB/c nude mice were performed to verify the results. Results We found that patients with overexpression of YB-1 were related to lymph node metastasis and the patients' age tended to be young. Because of the short follow-up time, a survival analysis could not be performed. Based on the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments, this study indicated that breast cancer cells with overexpression of YB-1 had stronger proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities than cells with low expression of YB-1. Compared with cells with low expression of YB-1, the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of YB-1 overexpressed cells were not significantly affected by adriamycin. Conclusion This suggested that breast cancer cells with overexpression of YB-1 were resistant to adriamycin. Therefore, YB-1 is associated with lymph node metastasis of breast cancer cell. YB-1 could be a prognostic, predictive factor and a novel therapeutic target of BC.
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13
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Shibata T, Cao DY, Dar TB, Ahmed F, Bhat SA, Veiras LC, Bernstein EA, Khan AA, Chaum M, Shiao SL, Tourtellotte WG, Giani JF, Bernstein KE, Cui X, Vail E, Khan Z. miR766-3p and miR124-3p Dictate Drug Resistance and Clinical Outcome in HNSCC. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5273. [PMID: 36358691 PMCID: PMC9655574 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive disease with poor prognosis, which is mainly due to drug resistance. The biology determining the response to chemo-radiotherapy in HNSCC is poorly understood. Using clinical samples, we found that miR124-3p and miR766-3p are overexpressed in chemo-radiotherapy-resistant (non-responder) HNSCC, as compared to responder tumors. Our study shows that inhibition of miR124-3p and miR766-3p enhances the sensitivity of HNSCC cell lines, CAL27 and FaDu, to 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (FP) chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In contrast, overexpression of miR766-3p and miR124-3p confers a resistance phenotype in HNSCC cells. The upregulation of miR124-3p and miR766-3p is associated with increased HNSCC cell invasion and migration. In a xenograft mouse model, inhibition of miR124-3p and miR766-3p enhanced the efficacy of chemo-radiotherapy with reduced growth of resistant HNSCC. For the first time, we identified that miR124-3p and miR766-3p attenuate expression of CREBRF and NR3C2, respectively, in HNSCC, which promotes aggressive tumor behavior by inducing the signaling axes CREB3/ATG5 and β-catenin/c-Myc. Since miR124-3p and miR766-3p affect complementary pathways, combined inhibition of these two miRNAs shows an additive effect on sensitizing cancer cells to chemo-radiotherapy. In conclusion, our study demonstrated a novel miR124-3p- and miR766-3p-based biological mechanism governing treatment-resistant HNSCC, which can be targeted to improve clinical outcomes in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Shibata
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Duo-Yao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Tahir B. Dar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Faizan Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shabir A. Bhat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Luciana C. Veiras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ellen A. Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Abdul Arif Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manita Chaum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Stephen L. Shiao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Warren G. Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jorge F. Giani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Eric Vail
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zakir Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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14
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Abstract
Signaling via extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), a downstream effector, mediates numerous processes. For example, ERK1/2-RSK signaling is essential for estrogen homeostasis in the mammary gland and uterus to maintain physiological responsiveness. This review will focus on the coordination of ERK1/2-RSK2 and estrogen signaling through estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). The interrelationship and the feedback mechanisms between these pathways occurs at the level of transcription, translation, and posttranslational modification. Identifying how ERK1/2-RSK2 and estrogen signaling cooperate in homeostasis and disease may lead to novel therapeutic approaches in estrogen-dependent disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Lannigan
- Correspondence: Deborah A. Lannigan, PhD, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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15
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Zhu W, Wan F, Xu W, Liu Z, Wang J, Zhang H, Huang S, Ye D. Positive epigenetic regulation loop between AR and NSUN2 promotes prostate cancer progression. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1028. [PMID: 36169095 PMCID: PMC9516604 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major type of cancer in man worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and the next-generation androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors have acquired great success in treating PCa. However, patients treated with ADT or AR targeted therapy are inevitably developing into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) or becoming drug resistance. The role of mRNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification in cancers is largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the role of the m5C methyltransferase NSUN2 in Prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS The expression of NSUN2 and its clinicopathological impact were evaluated in PCa cohorts. The effect of NSUN2 on the biological characteristics of PCa cells was investigated on the basis of gain-offunction and loss-of-function analyses. Subcutaneous models further uncovered the role of NSUN2 in tumor growth. Epi-transcriptome assays with RNA bisulfite sequencing (RNA-BisSeq) analysis and in vitro enzyme reaction assays were performed to validate the targeted effect of NSUN2 on AR. AR-binding sites in the NSUN2 promoter were investigated by ChIP and luciferase assays to uncover the interplay between NSUN2 and AR signaling. RIP-qPCR and EMSA methods were performed to confirm that YBX1 binds to AR m5 C sites. RESULTS NSUN2 is highly expressed in PCa and predicts poor outcome. NSUN2 plays roles as a PCa oncogene both in vitro and in vivo. Depletion of NSUN2 results in decreased expression and activities of AR, including AR-V7. Mechanistically, NSUN2 posttranscriptionally stabilized AR by cluster m5 C modification in a m5CYBX1-dependent manner. Strikingly, treatment with enzalutamide, an effective AR inhibitor, reduces NSUN2 expression and decreases the m5C modification level in prostate cancer cells. Finally, we found that AR transcriptionally regulates NSUN2. CONCLUSION NSUN2 stabilizes AR mRNA through cluster 5-methylcytosine modification and activates a positive feedback loop to promote prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Zhu
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Qingdao InstituteSchool of Life MedicineDepartment of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Fangning Wan
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Qingdao InstituteSchool of Life MedicineDepartment of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Qingdao InstituteSchool of Life MedicineDepartment of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Qingdao InstituteSchool of Life MedicineDepartment of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Qingdao InstituteSchool of Life MedicineDepartment of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Hena Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Qingdao InstituteSchool of Life MedicineDepartment of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan UniversityQingdaoChina
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16
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Jiang D, Qiu T, Peng J, Li S, Tala, Ren W, Yang C, Wen Y, Chen CH, Sun J, Wu Y, Liu R, Zhou J, Wu K, Liu W, Mao X, Zhou Z, Chen C. YB-1 is a positive regulator of KLF5 transcription factor in basal-like breast cancer. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1283-1295. [PMID: 35022570 PMCID: PMC9177637 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is a well-known oncogene highly expressed in various cancers, including basal-like breast cancer (BLBC). Beyond its role as a transcription factor, YB-1 is newly defined as an epigenetic regulator involving RNA 5-methylcytosine. However, its specific targets and pro-cancer functions are poorly defined. Here, based on clinical database, we demonstrate a positive correlation between Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) and YB-1 expression in breast cancer patients, but a negative correlation with that of Dachshund homolog 1 (DACH1). Mechanistically, YB-1 enhances KLF5 expression not only through transcriptional activation that can be inhibited by DACH1, but also by stabilizing KLF5 mRNA in a RNA 5-methylcytosine modification-dependent manner. Additionally, ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) mediated YB-1 phosphorylation at Ser102 promotes YB-1/KLF5 transcriptional complex formation, which co-regulates the expression of BLBC specific genes, Keratin 16 (KRT16) and lymphocyte antigen 6 family member D (Ly6D), to promote cancer cell proliferation. The RSK inhibitor, LJH685, suppressed BLBC cell tumourigenesis in vivo by disturbing YB-1-KLF5 axis. Our data suggest that YB-1 positively regulates KLF5 at multiple levels to promote BLBC progression. The novel RSK2-YB-1-KLF5-KRT16/Ly6D axis provides candidate diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for BLBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Lifesciences, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Lifesciences, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Junjiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tala
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenlong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- College of Life Sciences, China University of Science and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chuanyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Chuan-Huizi Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Lifesciences, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyun Mao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Zhongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
- Kunming College of Lifesciences, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Kunming, China.
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
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17
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Liu Y, Zhu T, Jiang Y, Bu J, Zhu X, Gu X. The Key Role of RNA Modification in Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:885133. [PMID: 35721510 PMCID: PMC9198488 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.885133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The modulation of the function and expression of epigenetic regulators of RNA modification has gradually become the hotspot of cancer research. Studies have shown that alteration of epigenetic modifications can promote the development and metastasis of breast cancer. This review highlights the progress in characterization of the link between RNA modification and the prognosis, carcinogenesis and treatment of breast cancer, which may provide a new theoretical basis for development of effective strategies for monitoring of breast cancer based on epigenetics.
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18
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Isa R, Horinaka M, Tsukamoto T, Mizuhara K, Fujibayashi Y, Taminishi-Katsuragawa Y, Okamoto H, Yasuda S, Kawaji-Kanayama Y, Matsumura-Kimoto Y, Mizutani S, Shimura Y, Taniwaki M, Sakai T, Kuroda J. The Rationale for the Dual-Targeting Therapy for RSK2 and AKT in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062919. [PMID: 35328342 PMCID: PMC8949999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by remarkable cytogenetic/molecular heterogeneity among patients and intraclonal diversity even in a single patient. We previously demonstrated that PDPK1, the master kinase of series of AGC kinases, is universally active in MM, and plays pivotal roles in cell proliferation and cell survival of myeloma cells regardless of the profiles of cytogenetic and genetic abnormalities. This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of dual blockade of two major PDPK1 substrates, RSK2 and AKT, in MM. The combinatory treatment of BI-D1870, an inhibitor for N-terminal kinase domain (NTKD) of RSK2, and ipatasertib, an inhibitor for AKT, showed the additive to synergistic anti-tumor effect on human MM-derived cell lines (HMCLs) with active RSK2-NTKD and AKT, by enhancing apoptotic induction with BIM and BID activation. Moreover, the dual blockade of RSK2 and AKT exerted robust molecular effects on critical gene sets associated with myeloma pathophysiologies, such as those with MYC, mTOR, STK33, ribosomal biogenesis, or cell-extrinsic stimuli of soluble factors, in HMCLs. These results provide the biological and molecular rationales for the dual-targeting strategy for RSK2 and AKT, which may overcome the therapeutic difficulty due to cytogenetic/molecular heterogeneity in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Isa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (R.I.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.-K.); (H.O.); (Y.K.-K.); (Y.M.-K.); (S.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Mano Horinaka
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (M.H.); (S.Y.); (T.S.)
| | - Taku Tsukamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (R.I.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.-K.); (H.O.); (Y.K.-K.); (Y.M.-K.); (S.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Kentaro Mizuhara
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (R.I.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.-K.); (H.O.); (Y.K.-K.); (Y.M.-K.); (S.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Yuto Fujibayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (R.I.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.-K.); (H.O.); (Y.K.-K.); (Y.M.-K.); (S.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Yoko Taminishi-Katsuragawa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (R.I.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.-K.); (H.O.); (Y.K.-K.); (Y.M.-K.); (S.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Haruya Okamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (R.I.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.-K.); (H.O.); (Y.K.-K.); (Y.M.-K.); (S.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Shusuke Yasuda
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (M.H.); (S.Y.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuka Kawaji-Kanayama
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (R.I.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.-K.); (H.O.); (Y.K.-K.); (Y.M.-K.); (S.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Yayoi Matsumura-Kimoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (R.I.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.-K.); (H.O.); (Y.K.-K.); (Y.M.-K.); (S.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Shinsuke Mizutani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (R.I.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.-K.); (H.O.); (Y.K.-K.); (Y.M.-K.); (S.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Yuji Shimura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (R.I.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.-K.); (H.O.); (Y.K.-K.); (Y.M.-K.); (S.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Masafumi Taniwaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (R.I.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.-K.); (H.O.); (Y.K.-K.); (Y.M.-K.); (S.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.)
- Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (M.H.); (S.Y.); (T.S.)
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (R.I.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.-K.); (H.O.); (Y.K.-K.); (Y.M.-K.); (S.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Wilkinson E, Cui YH, He YY. Roles of RNA Modifications in Diverse Cellular Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:828683. [PMID: 35350378 PMCID: PMC8957929 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.828683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical modifications of RNA molecules regulate both RNA metabolism and fate. The deposition and function of these modifications are mediated by the actions of writer, reader, and eraser proteins. At the cellular level, RNA modifications regulate several cellular processes including cell death, proliferation, senescence, differentiation, migration, metabolism, autophagy, the DNA damage response, and liquid-liquid phase separation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that RNA modifications play active roles in the physiology and etiology of multiple diseases due to their pervasive roles in cellular functions. Here, we will summarize recent advances in the regulatory and functional role of RNA modifications in these cellular functions, emphasizing the context-specific roles of RNA modifications in mammalian systems. As m6A is the best studied RNA modification in biological processes, this review will summarize the emerging advances on the diverse roles of m6A in cellular functions. In addition, we will also provide an overview for the cellular functions of other RNA modifications, including m5C and m1A. Furthermore, we will also discuss the roles of RNA modifications within the context of disease etiologies and highlight recent advances in the development of therapeutics that target RNA modifications. Elucidating these context-specific functions will increase our understanding of how these modifications become dysregulated during disease pathogenesis and may provide new opportunities for improving disease prevention and therapy by targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yan-Hong Cui
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Rohatgi A, Govindan R. Targeting KRAS G12C mutation in lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2022; 165:28-33. [PMID: 35066360 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer continues to be a major cause of cancer related death globally. Therapies targeting driver mutations have significantly extended the survival of patients whose lung cancer cells harbor these mutations. Patients with KRAS mutations, however, lacked specific targeted therapy until the recent FDA approval of sotorasib, a specific inhibitor of KRAS G12C mutant protein. We will discuss the efficacy and toxicities of the novel KRAS G12C inhibitors as well as other indirect strategies for targeting oncogenic KRAS mutations. We will review the limited literature on acquired resistance to these inhibitors and the novel combinatorial treatment strategies that are being tested currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Rohatgi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO, United States.
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21
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Hamon L, Budkina K, Pastré D. YB-1 Structure/Function Relationship in the Packaging of mRNPs and Consequences for Translation Regulation and Stress Granule Assembly in Cells. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:S20-S93. [PMID: 35501984 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922140036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
From their synthesis in the nucleus to their degradation in the cytoplasm, all mRNAs have the same objective, which is to translate the DNA-stored genetic information into functional proteins at the proper time and location. To this end, many proteins are generally associated with mRNAs as soon as transcription takes place in the nucleus to organize spatiotemporal regulation of the gene expression in cells. Here we reviewed how YB-1 (YBX1 gene), one of the major mRNA-binding proteins in the cytoplasm, packaged mRNAs into either compact or extended linear nucleoprotein mRNPs. Interestingly the structural plasticity of mRNPs coordinated by YB-1 could provide means for the contextual regulation of mRNA translation. Posttranslational modification of YB-1, notably in the long unstructured YB-1 C-terminal domain (CTD), and/or the protein partners of YB-1 may play a key role in activation/inactivation of mRNPs in the cells notably in response to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Hamon
- SABNP, UnivEvry, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91025, France.
| | - Karina Budkina
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - David Pastré
- SABNP, UnivEvry, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91025, France.
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Guo G, Pan K, Fang S, Ye L, Tong X, Wang Z, Xue X, Zhang H. Advances in mRNA 5-methylcytosine modifications: Detection, effectors, biological functions, and clinical relevance. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:575-593. [PMID: 34631286 PMCID: PMC8479277 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
5-methylcytosine (m5C) post-transcriptional modifications affect the maturation, stability, and translation of the mRNA molecule. These modifications play an important role in many physiological and pathological processes, including stress response, tumorigenesis, tumor cell migration, embryogenesis, and viral replication. Recently, there has been a better understanding of the biological implications of m5C modification owing to the rapid development and optimization of detection technologies, including liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and RNA-BisSeq. Further, predictive models (such as PEA-m5C, m5C-PseDNC, and DeepMRMP) for the identification of potential m5C modification sites have also emerged. In this review, we summarize the current experimental detection methods and predictive models for mRNA m5C modifications, focusing on their advantages and limitations. We systematically surveyed the latest research on the effectors related to mRNA m5C modifications and their biological functions in multiple species. Finally, we discuss the physiological effects and pathological significance of m5C modifications in multiple diseases, as well as their therapeutic potential, thereby providing new perspectives for disease treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangqiang Guo
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kan Pan
- First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Su Fang
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lele Ye
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinya Tong
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huidi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Dittmer J. Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance. Front Oncol 2021; 11:736597. [PMID: 34604071 PMCID: PMC8480308 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.736597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is a standard treatment offered to patients with ERα (estrogen receptor α)-positive breast cancer. In endocrine therapy, ERα is either directly targeted by anti-estrogens or indirectly by aromatase inhibitors which cause estrogen deficiency. Resistance to these drugs (endocrine resistance) compromises the efficiency of this treatment and requires additional measures. Endocrine resistance is often caused by deregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and/or cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 activities allowing inhibitors of these factors to be used clinically to counteract endocrine resistance. The nuclear mechanisms involved in endocrine resistance are beginning to emerge. Exploring these mechanisms may reveal additional druggable targets, which could help to further improve patients' outcome in an endocrine resistance setting. This review intends to summarize our current knowledge on the nuclear mechanisms linked to endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Lettau K, Khozooei S, Kosnopfel C, Zips D, Schittek B, Toulany M. Targeting the Y-box Binding Protein-1 Axis to Overcome Radiochemotherapy Resistance in Solid Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 111:1072-1087. [PMID: 34166770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) is highly expressed in different human solid tumors and is involved in various cellular processes. DNA damage is the major mechanism by which radiochemotherapy (RCT) induces cell death. On induction of DNA damage, a multicomponent signal transduction network, known as the DNA damage response, is activated to induce cell cycle arrest and initiate DNA repair, which protects cells against damage. YB-1 regulates nearly all cancer hallmarks described to date by participating in DNA damage response, gene transcription, mRNA splicing, translation, and tumor stemness. YB-1 lacks kinase activity, and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase and AKT are the key kinases within the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways that directly activate YB-1. Thus, the molecular targeting of ribosomal S6 kinase and AKT is thought to be the most effective strategy for blocking the cellular function of YB-1 in human solid tumors. In this review, after describing the prosurvival effect of YB-1 with a focus on DNA damage repair and cancer cell stemness, clinical evidence will be provided indicating an inverse correlation between YB-1 expression and the treatment outcome of solid tumors after RCT. In the interest of being concise, YB-1 signaling cascades will be briefly discussed and the current literature on YB-1 posttranslational modifications will be summarized. Finally, the current status of targeting the YB-1 axis, especially in combination with RCT, will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Lettau
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shayan Khozooei
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corinna Kosnopfel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Dermatooncology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany.
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Nucleolin Promotes Cisplatin Resistance in Cervical Cancer by the YB1-MDR1 Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9992218. [PMID: 33976698 PMCID: PMC8084676 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9992218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and is the main cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Cisplatin (DDP) is one of the major chemotherapeutic drugs for cervical cancer patients. But, drug resistance limits the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Nucleolin (NCL) is a nucleocytoplasmic multifunctional protein involved in the development of cancer. It has been reported that NCL may be a potential target for modulation of drug resistance. However, the precise molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Materials and Methods Human cervical cancer Hela cells and their cisplatin-resistant cell line Hela/DDP were used in this study. The protein level of NCL in cervical cancer cells was measured by western blot analysis. Hela cells and Hela/DDP cells were transfected with NCL overexpression plasmid or NCL siRNA separately. MTT and EdU assay were performed to evaluate the cell viability and sensitivity to cisplatin. The drug efflux function of MDR1 protein was assessed by intracellular rhodamine-123 accumulation assay.The promoter activity of MDR1 was assessed by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results We found that the protein level of NCL was elevated in Hela/DDP cells. Overexpression of NCL increased cervical cancer cell proliferation and attenuated the sensitivity to cisplatin. Overexpression of NCL increased Multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene expression and drug efflux. Our results demonstrated that NCL was highly related with cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer. NCL played an important role in MDR1 gene transcription through regulation of the transcription factor YB1. Conclusion Our findings revealed the novel role of NCL in cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer and NCL may be a potential therapeutic target for chemoresistance.
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Motolani A, Martin M, Sun M, Lu T. Phosphorylation of the Regulators, a Complex Facet of NF-κB Signaling in Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 11:E15. [PMID: 33375283 PMCID: PMC7823564 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor central to inflammation and various malignant diseases in humans. The regulation of NF-κB can be influenced by a myriad of post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, one of the most popular PTM formats in NF-κB signaling. The regulation by phosphorylation modification is not limited to NF-κB subunits, but it also encompasses the diverse regulators of NF-κB signaling. The differential site-specific phosphorylation of NF-κB itself or some NF-κB regulators can result in dysregulated NF-κB signaling, often culminating in events that induce cancer progression and other hyper NF-κB related diseases, such as inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, as well as neurodegenerative diseases, etc. In this review, we discuss the regulatory role of phosphorylation in NF-κB signaling and the mechanisms through which they aid cancer progression. Additionally, we highlight some of the known and novel NF-κB regulators that are frequently subjected to phosphorylation. Finally, we provide some future perspectives in terms of drug development to target kinases that regulate NF-κB signaling for cancer therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishat Motolani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthew Martin
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Mengyao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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27
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RNA methylations in human cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 75:97-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chellamuthu A, Gray SG. The RNA Methyltransferase NSUN2 and Its Potential Roles in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081758. [PMID: 32708015 PMCID: PMC7463552 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
5-methylcytosine is often associated as an epigenetic modifier in DNA. However, it is also found increasingly in a plethora of RNA species, predominantly transfer RNAs, but increasingly found in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs, enhancer RNAs, and a number of long noncoding RNAs. Moreover, this modification can also be found in messenger RNAs and has led to an increasing appreciation that RNA methylation can functionally regulate gene expression and cellular activities. In mammalian cells, the addition of m5C to RNA cytosines is carried out by enzymes of the NOL1/NOP2/SUN domain (NSUN) family as well as the DNA methyltransferase homologue DNMT2. In this regard, NSUN2 is a critical RNA methyltransferase for adding m5C to mRNA. In this review, using non-small cell lung cancer and other cancers as primary examples, we discuss the recent developments in the known functions of this RNA methyltransferase and its potential critical role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Chellamuthu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland;
| | - Steven G. Gray
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland;
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin D08 RX0X, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most leading causes of death for women worldwide. According to statistics published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the incidence of breast cancer is on the rise year by year in most parts of the world. The existence of heterogeneity limits the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of breast cancer. Nowadays, precision medicine brings a new perspective to personalized diagnosis and targeted therapy, overcomes the heterogeneity of different patients, and provides an opportunity for screening of high-risk populations. As a clinician, we are committed to using genomic to provide a favorable perspective in the field of breast cancer. The current review describes the recent advances in the understanding of precision medicine for breast cancer in the aspect of the genomics which could be applied to improve our ability to diagnose and treat breast cancer individually and effectively.
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