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Albanese M, Chen HR, Gapp M, Muenchhoff M, Yang HH, Peterhoff D, Hoffmann K, Xiao Q, Ruhle A, Ambiel I, Schneider S, Mejías-Pérez E, Stern M, Wratil PR, Hofmann K, Amann L, Jocham L, Fuchs T, Ulivi AF, Besson-Girard S, Weidlich S, Schneider J, Spinner CD, Sutter K, Dittmer U, Humpe A, Baumeister P, Wieser A, Rothenfusser S, Bogner J, Roider J, Knolle P, Hengel H, Wagner R, Laketa V, Fackler OT, Keppler OT. Receptor transfer between immune cells by autoantibody-enhanced, CD32-driven trogocytosis is hijacked by HIV-1 to infect resting CD4 T cells. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101483. [PMID: 38579727 PMCID: PMC11031382 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Immune cell phenotyping frequently detects lineage-unrelated receptors. Here, we report that surface receptors can be transferred from primary macrophages to CD4 T cells and identify the Fcγ receptor CD32 as driver and cargo of this trogocytotic transfer. Filamentous CD32+ nanoprotrusions deposit distinct plasma membrane patches onto target T cells. Transferred receptors confer cell migration and adhesion properties, and macrophage-derived membrane patches render resting CD4 T cells susceptible to infection by serving as hotspots for HIV-1 binding. Antibodies that recognize T cell epitopes enhance CD32-mediated trogocytosis. Such autoreactive anti-HIV-1 envelope antibodies can be found in the blood of HIV-1 patients and, consistently, the percentage of CD32+ CD4 T cells is increased in their blood. This CD32-mediated, antigen-independent cell communication mode transiently expands the receptor repertoire and functionality of immune cells. HIV-1 hijacks this mechanism by triggering the generation of trogocytosis-promoting autoantibodies to gain access to immune cells critical to its persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Albanese
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; Department for Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Hong-Ru Chen
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Madeleine Gapp
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hsiu-Hui Yang
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Qianhao Xiao
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Ruhle
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ina Ambiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernesto Mejías-Pérez
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Stern
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul R Wratil
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Hofmann
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Amann
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Jocham
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thimo Fuchs
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Simon Besson-Girard
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Weidlich
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Department of Internal Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Schneider
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Department of Internal Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph D Spinner
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Department of Internal Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Virology and Institute for Translational HIV Research, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Virology and Institute for Translational HIV Research, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Humpe
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics, and Hemostaseology, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Baumeister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Rothenfusser
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU München and Unit Clinical Pharmacology (EKliP), Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bogner
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Roider
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vibor Laketa
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver T Fackler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Schoutrop E, Renken S, Micallef Nilsson I, Hahn P, Poiret T, Kiessling R, Wickström SL, Mattsson J, Magalhaes I. Trogocytosis and fratricide killing impede MSLN-directed CAR T cell functionality. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2093426. [PMID: 35898704 PMCID: PMC9313125 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2093426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful translation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumors has proved to be troublesome, mainly due to the complex tumor microenvironment promoting T cell dysfunction and antigen heterogeneity. Mesothelin (MSLN) has emerged as an attractive target for CAR T cell therapy of several solid malignancies, including ovarian cancer. To improve clinical response rates with MSLN-CAR T cells, a better understanding of the mechanisms impacting CAR T cell functionality in vitro is crucial. Here, we demonstrated superior cytolytic capacity of CD28-costimulated MSLN-CAR T cells (M28z) relative to 4–1BB-costimulated MSLN-CAR T cells (MBBz). Furthermore, CD28-costimulated MSLN CAR T cells displayed enhanced cytolytic capacity against tumor spheroids with heterogeneous MSLN expression compared to MBBz CAR T cells. In this study, we identified CAR-mediated trogocytosis as a potential impeding factor for successful MSLN-CAR T cell therapy due to fratricide killing and contributing to tumor antigen heterogeneity. Moreover, we link antigen-dependent upregulation of LAG-3 with reduced CAR T cell functionality. Taken together, our study highlights the therapeutic potential and bottlenecks of MSLN-CAR T cells, providing a rationale for combinatorial treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Schoutrop
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Renken
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Paula Hahn
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Poiret
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Cancer, Patient Area Head and Neck, Lung and Skin, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stina L Wickström
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Cancer, Patient Area Head and Neck, Lung and Skin, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gloria and Seymour Epstein Chair in Cell Therapy and Transplantation, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabelle Magalhaes
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Egan JR, Abu-Shah E, Dushek O, Elliott T, MacArthur BD. Fluctuations in T cell receptor and pMHC interactions regulate T cell activation. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20210589. [PMID: 35135295 PMCID: PMC8833104 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses depend on interactions between T cell receptors (TCRs) and peptide major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) ligands located on the surface of T cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs), respectively. As TCRs and pMHCs are often only present at low copy numbers their interactions are inherently stochastic, yet the role of stochastic fluctuations on T cell function is unclear. Here, we introduce a minimal stochastic model of T cell activation that accounts for serial TCR-pMHC engagement, reversible TCR conformational change and TCR aggregation. Analysis of this model indicates that it is not the strength of binding between the T cell and the APC cell per se that elicits an immune response, but rather the information imparted to the T cell from the encounter, as assessed by the entropy rate of the TCR-pMHC binding dynamics. This view provides an information-theoretic interpretation of T cell activation that explains a range of experimental observations. Based on this analysis, we propose that effective T cell therapeutics may be enhanced by optimizing the inherent stochasticity of TCR-pMHC binding dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Egan
- Mathematical Sciences, Stem Cells and Regeneration, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, Stem Cells and Regeneration, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.,Centre for Cancer Immunology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Enas Abu-Shah
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Omer Dushek
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Tim Elliott
- Institute for Life Sciences, Stem Cells and Regeneration, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.,Centre for Cancer Immunology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ben D MacArthur
- Mathematical Sciences, Stem Cells and Regeneration, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, Stem Cells and Regeneration, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.,Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.,Alan Turing Institute, London NW1 2DB, UK
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Liu C, Qi T, Milner JJ, Lu Y, Cao Y. Speed and Location Both Matter: Antigen Stimulus Dynamics Controls CAR-T Cell Response. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748768. [PMID: 34691062 PMCID: PMC8531752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the success in B-cell malignancies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have not yet demonstrated consistent efficacy across all patients and tumor types, particularly against solid tumors. Higher rates of T cell exhaustion are associated with inferior clinical outcomes following CAR-T cell therapy, which is prevalent in solid tumors. T cell exhaustion may originate from persistent and chronic antigen stimulation by tumor cells that resist and/or evade T cell-mediated killing. We exploited CAR-T exhaustion with a classic negative feedback model (incoherent feedforward loop, IFFL) to investigate the balance between CAR-T cell activation and exhaustion under different antigen presentation dynamics. Built upon the experimental and clinical data, we hypothesize that the speed and anatomical location of antigenic stimulation are both crucial to CAR-T cell response. Chronic antigenic stimulation as well as the harsh tumor microenvironment present multiple barriers to CAR-T cell efficacy in solid tumors. Many therapeutic strategies are individually insufficient to improve of CAR-T responses against solid tumors, as they clear but one of the many barriers CAR-T cells face in solid tumors. A combination strategy targeting multiple barriers holds promise to improve CAR-T therapy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Timothy Qi
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - J. Justin Milner
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Yanguang Cao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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