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Thomas JD, Yurkovetskiy AV, Yin M, Bodyak ND, Tang S, Protopopova M, Kelleher E, Jones B, Yang L, Custar D, Catcott KC, Demady DR, Collins SD, Xu L, Bu C, Qin L, Ter-Ovanesyan E, Damelin M, Toader D, Lowinger TB. Development of a Novel DNA Mono-alkylator Platform for Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:541-551. [PMID: 38354416 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Although microtubule inhibitors (MTI) remain a therapeutically valuable payload option for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), some cancers do not respond to MTI-based ADCs. Efforts to fill this therapeutic gap have led to a recent expansion of the ADC payload "toolbox" to include payloads with novel mechanisms of action such as topoisomerase inhibition and DNA cross-linking. We present here the development of a novel DNA mono-alkylator ADC platform that exhibits sustained tumor growth suppression at single doses in MTI-resistant tumors and is well tolerated in the rat upon repeat dosing. A phosphoramidate prodrug of the payload enables low ADC aggregation even at drug-to-antibody ratios of 5:1 while still delivering a bystander-capable payload that is effective in multidrug resistant (MDR)-overexpressing cell lines. The platform was comparable in xenograft studies to the clinical benchmark DNA mono-alkylator ADC platform DGN459 but with a significantly better tolerability profile in rats. Thus, the activity and tolerability profile of this new platform make it a viable option for the development of ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mao Yin
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Shuyi Tang
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Brian Jones
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Liping Yang
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Custar
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Damon R Demady
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ling Xu
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Charlie Bu
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - LiuLiang Qin
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Marc Damelin
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dorin Toader
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
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2
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Zhou L, Lu Y, Liu W, Wang S, Wang L, Zheng P, Zi G, Liu H, Liu W, Wei S. Drug conjugates for the treatment of lung cancer: from drug discovery to clinical practice. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:26. [PMID: 38429828 PMCID: PMC10908151 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A drug conjugate consists of a cytotoxic drug bound via a linker to a targeted ligand, allowing the targeted delivery of the drug to one or more tumor sites. This approach simultaneously reduces drug toxicity and increases efficacy, with a powerful combination of efficient killing and precise targeting. Antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) are the best-known type of drug conjugate, combining the specificity of antibodies with the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs to reduce adverse reactions by preferentially targeting the payload to the tumor. The structure of ADCs has also provided inspiration for the development of additional drug conjugates. In recent years, drug conjugates such as ADCs, peptide‒drug conjugates (PDCs) and radionuclide drug conjugates (RDCs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The scope and application of drug conjugates have been expanding, including combination therapy and precise drug delivery, and a variety of new conjugation technology concepts have emerged. Additionally, new conjugation technology-based drugs have been developed in industry. In addition to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, drug conjugate therapy has undergone continuous development and made significant progress in treating lung cancer in recent years, offering a promising strategy for the treatment of this disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of drug conjugates for lung cancer treatment, including structure-based drug design, mechanisms of action, clinical trials, and side effects. Furthermore, challenges, potential approaches and future prospects are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shanglong Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengdou Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guisha Zi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
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Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Emergence of a Novel Therapeutic Class. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:1829-1841. [PMID: 36197593 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of therapeutics that combine target-specific monoclonal antibodies with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Here, we describe the components of ADCs and review their promising activity, safety, and applicability in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RECENT FINDINGS Technological advancements have reinvigorated ADCs as a viable treatment strategy in advanced solid tumors. Several target-specific ADCs have shown promise in treatment-refractory NSCLC, including agents targeting HER2, HER3, TROP2, CEACAM5, and MET, among others, with multiple confirmatory phase 3 trials ongoing. Critically, ADCs have demonstrated efficacy signals in both driver mutation-positive and mutation-negative advanced NSCLC, reinforcing their potential as an efficacious treatment strategy that transcends diverse tumor biology in advanced NSCLC. ADCs are a promising class of anti-cancer therapeutics that have significant potential in advanced NSCLC. Beyond confirmatory phase 3 trials, several questions remain including optimal agent sequencing, combinatorial methods, and unique toxicity management.
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Zammarchi F, Havenith KEG, Chivers S, Hogg P, Bertelli F, Tyrer P, Janghra N, Reinert HW, Hartley JA, van Berkel PH. Preclinical Development of ADCT-601, a Novel Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Dimer-based Antibody-drug Conjugate Targeting AXL-expressing Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:582-593. [PMID: 35086955 PMCID: PMC9377743 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AXL, a tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in many solid and hematologic malignancies, facilitates cancer progression and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Importantly, drug-induced expression of AXL results in resistance to conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapies. Together with its presence on multiple cell types in the tumor immune microenvironment, these features make it an attractive therapeutic target for AXL-expressing malignancies. ADCT-601 (mipasetamab uzoptirine) is an AXL-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising a humanized anti-AXL antibody site specifically conjugated using GlycoConnect technology to PL1601, which contains HydraSpace, a Val-Ala cleavable linker and the potent pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer cytotoxin SG3199. This study aimed to validate the ADCT-601 mode of action and evaluate its efficacy in vitro and in vivo, as well as its tolerability and pharmacokinetics. ADCT-601 bound to both soluble and membranous AXL, and was rapidly internalized by AXL-expressing tumor cells, allowing release of PBD dimer, DNA interstrand cross-linking, and subsequent cell killing. In vivo, ADCT-601 had potent and durable antitumor activity in a wide variety of human cancer xenograft mouse models, including patient-derived xenograft models with heterogeneous AXL expression where ADCT-601 antitumor activity was markedly superior to an auristatin-based comparator ADC. Notably, ADCT-601 had antitumor activity in a monomethyl auristatin E-resistant lung-cancer model and synergized with the PARP inhibitor olaparib in a BRCA1-mutated ovarian cancer model. ADCT-601 was well tolerated at doses of up to 6 mg/kg and showed excellent stability in vivo. These preclinical results warrant further evaluation of ADCT-601 in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zammarchi
- ADC Therapeutics (UK) Limited, London, United Kingdom.,Corresponding Author: Francesca Zammarchi, Imperial College White City Campus, ADC Therapeutics (UK) Limited, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom. E-mail:
| | | | - Simon Chivers
- ADC Therapeutics (UK) Limited, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Hogg
- ADC Therapeutics (UK) Limited, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Tyrer
- AstraZeneca (MedImmune/Spirogen), Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Chu Y, Zhou X, Wang X. Antibody-drug conjugates for the treatment of lymphoma: clinical advances and latest progress. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:88. [PMID: 34090506 PMCID: PMC8180036 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising class of immunotherapies with the potential to specifically target tumor cells and ameliorate the therapeutic index of cytotoxic drugs. ADCs comprise monoclonal antibodies, cytotoxic payloads with inherent antitumor activity, and specialized linkers connecting the two. In recent years, three ADCs, brentuximab vedotin, polatuzumab vedotin, and loncastuximab tesirine, have been approved and are already establishing their place in lymphoma treatment. As the efficacy and safety of ADCs have moved in synchrony with advances in their design, a plethora of novel ADCs have garnered growing interest as treatments. In this review, we provide an overview of the essential elements of ADC strategies in lymphoma and elucidate the up-to-date progress, current challenges, and novel targets of ADCs in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurou Chu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 251006, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 251006, China.
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Mao S, Chaerkady R, Yu W, D'Angelo G, Garcia A, Chen H, Barrett AM, Phipps S, Fleming R, Hess S, Koopmann JO, Dimasi N, Wilson S, Pugh K, Cook K, Masterson LA, Gao C, Wu H, Herbst R, Howard PW, Tice DA, Cobbold M, Harper J. Resistance to Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Dimers Is Associated with SLFN11 Downregulation and Can Be Reversed through Inhibition of ATR. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:541-552. [PMID: 33653945 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has been observed in both preclinical models and clinical studies. However, mechanisms of resistance to pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD)-conjugated ADCs have not been well characterized and thus, this study was designed to investigate development of resistance to PBD dimer warheads and PBD-conjugated ADCs. We established a PBD-resistant cell line, 361-PBDr, by treating human breast cancer MDA-MB-361 cells with gradually increasing concentrations of SG3199, the PBD dimer released from the PBD drug-linker tesirine. 361-PBDr cells were over 20-fold less sensitive to SG3199 compared with parental cells and were cross-resistant to other PBD warhead and ADCs conjugated with PBDs. Proteomic profiling revealed that downregulation of Schlafen family member 11 (SLFN11), a putative DNA/RNA helicase, sensitizing cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents, was associated with PBD resistance. Confirmatory studies demonstrated that siRNA knockdown of SLFN11 in multiple tumor cell lines conferred reduced sensitivity to SG3199 and PBD-conjugated ADCs. Treatment with EPZ011989, an EZH2 inhibitor, derepressed SLFN11 expression in 361-PBDr and other SLFN11-deficient tumor cells, and increased sensitivity to PBD and PBD-conjugated ADCs, indicating that the suppression of SLFN11 expression is associated with histone methylation as reported. Moreover, we demonstrated that combining an ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) inhibitor, AZD6738, with SG3199 or PBD-based ADCs led to synergistic cytotoxicity in either resistant 361-PBDr cells or cells that SLFN11 was knocked down via siRNA. Collectively, these data provide insights into potential development of resistance to PBDs and PBD-conjugated ADCs, and more importantly, inform strategy development to overcome such resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenlan Mao
- Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
| | | | - Wen Yu
- Bioinformatics, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Andrew Garcia
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Hong Chen
- Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Sandrina Phipps
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Ryan Fleming
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Sonja Hess
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Nazzareno Dimasi
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Susan Wilson
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Kimberly Cook
- Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Changshou Gao
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Herren Wu
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Ronald Herbst
- Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - David A Tice
- Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Mark Cobbold
- Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Jay Harper
- Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
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Guragossian N, Belhani B, Moreno A, Nunes MT, Gonzalez-Lobato L, Marminon C, Berthier L, Rocio Andrade Pires AD, Özvegy-Laczka C, Sarkadi B, Terreux R, Bouaziz Z, Berredjem M, Jose J, Di Pietro A, Falson P, Le Borgne M. Uncompetitive nanomolar dimeric indenoindole inhibitors of the human breast cancer resistance pump ABCG2. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113017. [PMID: 33223263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance membrane pumps reduce the efficacy of chemotherapies by exporting a wide panel of structurally-divergent drugs. Here, to take advantage of the polyspecificity of the human Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and the dimeric nature of this pump, new dimeric indenoindole-based inhibitors from the monomeric α,β-unsaturated ketone 4b and phenolic derivative 5a were designed. A library of 18 homo/hetero-dimers was synthesised. Homo-dimerization shifted the inhibition efficacy from sub-micromolar to nanomolar range, correlated with the presence of 5a, linked by a 2-6 methylene-long linker. Non-toxic, the best dimers displayed a therapeutic ratio as high as 70,000. It has been found that the high potency of the best compound 7b that displays a KI of 17 nM is due to an uncompetitive behavior toward mitoxantrone efflux and specific for that drug, compared to Hoechst 33342 efflux. Such property may be useful to target such anticancer drug efflux mediated by ABCG2. Finally, at a molecular level, an uncompetitive mechanism by which substrate promotes inhibitor binding implies that at least 2 ligands should bind simultaneously to the drug-binding pocket of ABCG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Guragossian
- EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69373, Lyon, France; Drug Resistance & Membrane Proteins Group - Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS-UCBL1 UMR 5086, IBCP, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Billel Belhani
- EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69373, Lyon, France; Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji Mokhtar - Annaba University, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Alexis Moreno
- Drug Resistance & Membrane Proteins Group - Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS-UCBL1 UMR 5086, IBCP, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Magda Teixeira Nunes
- Drug Resistance & Membrane Proteins Group - Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS-UCBL1 UMR 5086, IBCP, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Lucia Gonzalez-Lobato
- Drug Resistance & Membrane Proteins Group - Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS-UCBL1 UMR 5086, IBCP, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Marminon
- EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69373, Lyon, France; Small Molecules for Biological Targets Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, 69373, France
| | - Laurent Berthier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie, CNRS-UCBL1 UMR 5305, IBCP, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Amanda Do Rocio Andrade Pires
- Drug Resistance & Membrane Proteins Group - Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS-UCBL1 UMR 5086, IBCP, 69367, Lyon, France; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Lnstitute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Sarkadi
- Lnstitute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Raphaël Terreux
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie, CNRS-UCBL1 UMR 5305, IBCP, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Zouhair Bouaziz
- EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Malika Berredjem
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji Mokhtar - Annaba University, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus - Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Attilio Di Pietro
- Drug Resistance & Membrane Proteins Group - Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS-UCBL1 UMR 5086, IBCP, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Falson
- Drug Resistance & Membrane Proteins Group - Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS-UCBL1 UMR 5086, IBCP, 69367, Lyon, France.
| | - Marc Le Borgne
- EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69373, Lyon, France; Small Molecules for Biological Targets Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, 69373, France.
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