1
|
Ene CI, Abi Faraj C, Beckham TH, Weinberg JS, Andersen CR, Haider AS, Rao G, Ferguson SD, Alvarez-Brenkenridge CA, Kim BYS, Heimberger AB, McCutcheon IE, Prabhu SS, Wang CM, Ghia AJ, McGovern SL, Chung C, McAleer MF, Tom MC, Perni S, Swanson TA, Yeboa DN, Briere TM, Huse JT, Fuller GN, Lang FF, Li J, Suki D, Sawaya RE. Response of treatment-naive brain metastases to stereotactic radiosurgery. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3728. [PMID: 38697991 PMCID: PMC11066027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
With improvements in survival for patients with metastatic cancer, long-term local control of brain metastases has become an increasingly important clinical priority. While consensus guidelines recommend surgery followed by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for lesions >3 cm, smaller lesions (≤3 cm) treated with SRS alone elicit variable responses. To determine factors influencing this variable response to SRS, we analyzed outcomes of brain metastases ≤3 cm diameter in patients with no prior systemic therapy treated with frame-based single-fraction SRS. Following SRS, 259 out of 1733 (15%) treated lesions demonstrated MRI findings concerning for local treatment failure (LTF), of which 202 /1733 (12%) demonstrated LTF and 54/1733 (3%) had an adverse radiation effect. Multivariate analysis demonstrated tumor size (>1.5 cm) and melanoma histology were associated with higher LTF rates. Our results demonstrate that brain metastases ≤3 cm are not uniformly responsive to SRS and suggest that prospective studies to evaluate the effect of SRS alone or in combination with surgery on brain metastases ≤3 cm matched by tumor size and histology are warranted. These studies will help establish multi-disciplinary treatment guidelines that improve local control while minimizing radiation necrosis during treatment of brain metastasis ≤3 cm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chibawanye I Ene
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Christina Abi Faraj
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas H Beckham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Weinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clark R Andersen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali S Haider
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sherise D Ferguson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ian E McCutcheon
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sujit S Prabhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chenyang Michael Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amol J Ghia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan L McGovern
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary Frances McAleer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin C Tom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Subha Perni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Todd A Swanson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debra N Yeboa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tina M Briere
- Department of Radiation Physics, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason T Huse
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory N Fuller
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dima Suki
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raymond E Sawaya
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Affairs, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ramesh S, Cifci A, Javeri S, Minne RL, Longhurst CA, Nickel KP, Kimple RJ, Baschnagel AM. MET Inhibitor Capmatinib Radiosensitizes MET Exon 14-Mutated and MET-Amplified Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1379-1390. [PMID: 37979706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of inhibiting the MET receptor with capmatinib, a potent and clinically relevant ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in combination with radiation in MET exon 14-mutated and MET-amplified non-small cell lung (NSCLC) cancer models. METHODS AND MATERIALS In vitro effects of capmatinib and radiation on cell proliferation, colony formation, MET signaling, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair were evaluated. In vivo tumor responses were assessed in cell line xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm the in vitro results. RESULTS In vitro clonogenic survival assays demonstrated radiosensitization with capmatinib in both MET exon 14-mutated and MET-amplified NSCLC cell lines. No radiation-enhancing effect was observed in MET wild-type NSCLC and a human bronchial epithelial cell line. Minimal apoptosis was detected with the combination of capmatinib and radiation. Capmatinib plus radiation compared with radiation alone resulted in inhibition of DNA double-strand break repair, as measured by prolonged expression of γH2AX. In vivo, the combination of capmatinib and radiation significantly delayed tumor growth compared with vehicle control, capmatinib alone, or radiation alone. Immunohistochemistry indicated inhibition of phospho-MET and phospho-S6 and a decrease in Ki67 with inhibition of MET. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of MET with capmatinib enhances the effect of radiation in both MET exon 14-mutated and MET-amplified NSCLC models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Ramesh
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ahmet Cifci
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Saahil Javeri
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rachel L Minne
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Colin A Longhurst
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kwangok P Nickel
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Randall J Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - Andrew M Baschnagel
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guney Eskiler G, Halis H, Hamarat KF, Derlioglu RR, Ugurlu BT, Haciefendi A. The ATR inhibition by Elimusertib enhances the radiosensitivity of MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer in vitro. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:715-723. [PMID: 38421209 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2316606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE DNA damage response (DDR) is the principal mechanism regulating genomic stability and cell cycle checkpoint activation by coordinating DNA repair and apoptotic pathways. Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) play a significant role in the DDR due to its capability to detect a wide spectrum of DNA damage. Therefore, targeting DDR, specifically ATR, is a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. Furthermore, the inhibition of ATR sensitizes cancer cells to radiotherapy (RT). Herein, we, for the first time, investigated the synergistic effects of Elimusertib (BAY-1895344) as a highly potent selective ATR inhibitor with RT combination in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), in vitro. METHODS MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells were firstly treated with different concentrations of Elimusertib for 24 h and then exposed to 4 and 8 Gy of X-ray irradiation. After post-irradiation for 72 h, WST-1, Annexin V, cell cycle, acridine orange/propidium iodide, mitochondria staining and western blot analysis were conducted. RESULTS Our findings showed that 4 Gy irradiation and lower doses (especially 2 and 4 nM) of Elimusertib combination exerted a considerable anticancer activity at 72 h post-irradiation through apoptotic cell death, marked nuclear and mitochondrial damages and the suppression of ATR-Chk1 based DDR mechanism. CONCLUSION ATR inhibition by Elimusertib in combination with RT may be a promising new treatment strategy in the treatment of TNBC. However, further experiments should be performed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of the therapeutic efficacy of this combination treatment and its association with DNS repair mechanisms in TNBC, in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hatice Halis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | | | - Rabia Rana Derlioglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | | | - Ayten Haciefendi
- Department of Medical Biology, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khamidullina AI, Abramenko YE, Bruter AV, Tatarskiy VV. Key Proteins of Replication Stress Response and Cell Cycle Control as Cancer Therapy Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1263. [PMID: 38279263 PMCID: PMC10816012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Replication stress (RS) is a characteristic state of cancer cells as they tend to exchange precision of replication for fast proliferation and increased genomic instability. To overcome the consequences of improper replication control, malignant cells frequently inactivate parts of their DNA damage response (DDR) pathways (the ATM-CHK2-p53 pathway), while relying on other pathways which help to maintain replication fork stability (ATR-CHK1). This creates a dependency on the remaining DDR pathways, vulnerability to further destabilization of replication and synthetic lethality of DDR inhibitors with common oncogenic alterations such as mutations of TP53, RB1, ATM, amplifications of MYC, CCNE1 and others. The response to RS is normally limited by coordination of cell cycle, transcription and replication. Inhibition of WEE1 and PKMYT1 kinases, which prevent unscheduled mitosis entry, leads to fragility of under-replicated sites. Recent evidence also shows that inhibition of Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), such as CDK4/6, CDK2, CDK8/19 and CDK12/13 can contribute to RS through disruption of DNA repair and replication control. Here, we review the main causes of RS in cancers as well as main therapeutic targets-ATR, CHK1, PARP and their inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvina I. Khamidullina
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (Y.E.A.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav E. Abramenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (Y.E.A.)
| | - Alexandra V. Bruter
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V. Tatarskiy
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (Y.E.A.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi W, Tanzhu G, Chen L, Ning J, Wang H, Xiao G, Peng H, Jing D, Liang H, Nie J, Yi M, Zhou R. Radiotherapy in Preclinical Models of Brain Metastases: A Review and Recommendations for Future Studies. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:765-783. [PMID: 38169621 PMCID: PMC10758094 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.91295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) frequently occur in primary tumors such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma, and are associated with notably short natural survival. In addition to surgical interventions, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, radiotherapy (RT) is a crucial treatment for BM and encompasses whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Validating the efficacy and safety of treatment regimens through preclinical models is imperative for successful translation to clinical application. This not only advances fundamental research but also forms the theoretical foundation for clinical study. This review, grounded in animal models of brain metastases (AM-BM), explores the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and emerging technologies such as nanomaterials and oxygen-containing microbubbles. Initially, we provided a concise overview of the establishment of AM-BMs. Subsequently, we summarize key RT parameters (RT mode, dose, fraction, dose rate) and their corresponding effects in AM-BMs. Finally, we present a comprehensive analysis of the current research status and future directions for combination therapy based on RT. In summary, there is presently no standardized regimen for AM-BM treatment involving RT. Further research is essential to deepen our understanding of the relationships between various parameters and their respective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiaoyang Ning
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hongji Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Haiqin Peng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Di Jing
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huadong Liang
- Department of Technology, Hunan SJA Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Technology, Hunan SJA Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Technology, Hunan SJA Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schnoell J, Sparr C, Al-Gboore S, Haas M, Brkic FF, Kadletz-Wanke L, Heiduschka G, Jank BJ. The ATR inhibitor berzosertib acts as a radio- and chemosensitizer in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:842-850. [PMID: 37934325 PMCID: PMC10663216 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01408-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the DNA damage response play a crucial role in radio- and chemoresistance of neoplastic cells. Activation of the Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) pathway is an important DNA damage response mechanism in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Berzosertib, a selective ATR inhibitor, shows promising radio- and chemosensitizing effects in preclinical studies and is well tolerated in clinical studies. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of berzosertib treatment in combination with radiation and cisplatin in HNSCC. The HNSCC cell lines Cal-27 and FaDu were treated with berzosertib alone and in combination with radiation or cisplatin. Cell viability and clonogenic survival were evaluated. The effect of combination treatment was evaluated with the SynergyFinder or combination index. Apoptosis was assessed via measurement of caspase 3/7 activation and migration was evaluated using a wound healing assay. Berzosertib treatment decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and increased apoptosis. The IC50 of berzosertib treatment after 72 h was 0.25-0.29 µM. Combination with irradiation treatment led to a synergistic increase in radiosensitivity and a synergistic or additive decrease in colony formation. The combination of berzosertib and cisplatin decreased cell viability in a synergistic manner. Additionally, berzosertib inhibited migration at high doses. Berzosertib displays a cytotoxic effect in HNSCC at clinically relevant doses. Further evaluation of combination treatment with irradiation and cisplatin is strongly recommended in HNSCC patients as it may hold the potential to overcome treatment resistance, reduce treatment doses and thus mitigate adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schnoell
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carmen Sparr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sega Al-Gboore
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Haas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Faris F Brkic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Kadletz-Wanke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Heiduschka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bernhard J Jank
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhattacharya D, Barille R, Toukam DK, Gawali VS, Kallay L, Ahmed T, Brown H, Rezvanian S, Karve A, Desai PB, Medvedovic M, Wang K, Ionascu D, Harun N, Wang C, Baschnagel AM, Kritzer JA, Cook JM, Pomeranz Krummel DA, Sengupta S. GABA(A) receptor activation drives GABARAP-Nix mediated autophagy to radiation-sensitize primary and brain-metastatic lung adenocarcinoma tumors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.29.569295. [PMID: 38076805 PMCID: PMC10705483 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.569295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, targeted therapies benefit only a subset of NSCLC, while radiotherapy responses are not durable and toxicity limits therapy. We find that a GABA(A) receptor activator, AM-101, impairs viability and clonogenicity of NSCLC primary and brain metastatic cells. Employing an ex vivo 'chip', AM-101 is as efficacious as the chemotherapeutic docetaxel, which is used with radiotherapy for advanced-stage NSCLC. In vivo , AM-101 potentiates radiation, including conferring a survival benefit to mice bearing NSCLC intracranial tumors. GABA(A) receptor activation stimulates a selective-autophagic response via multimerization of GABA(A) Receptor-Associated Protein (GABARAP), stabilization of mitochondrial receptor Nix, and utilization of ubiquitin-binding protein p62. A targeted-peptide disrupting Nix binding to GABARAP inhibits AM-101 cytotoxicity. This supports a model of GABA(A) receptor activation driving a GABARAP-Nix multimerization axis triggering autophagy. In patients receiving radiotherapy, GABA(A) receptor activation may improve tumor control while allowing radiation dose de-intensification to reduce toxicity. Highlights Activating GABA(A) receptors intrinsic to lung primary and metastatic brain cancer cells triggers a cytotoxic response. GABA(A) receptor activation works as well as chemotherapeutic docetaxel in impairing lung cancer viability ex vivo . GABA(A) receptor activation increases survival of mice bearing lung metastatic brain tumors.A selective-autophagic response is stimulated by GABA(A) receptor activation that includes multimerization of GABARAP and Nix.Employing a new nanomolar affinity peptide that abrogates autophagosome formation inhibits cytotoxicity elicited by GABA(A) receptor activation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang X, You L, Nepovimova E, Psotka M, Malinak D, Valko M, Sivak L, Korabecny J, Heger Z, Adam V, Wu Q, Kuca K. Inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinase family (PIKK). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2237209. [PMID: 37489050 PMCID: PMC10392309 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2237209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKK) are two structurally related families of kinases that play vital roles in cell growth and DNA damage repair. Dysfunction of PIKK members and aberrant stimulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway are linked to a plethora of diseases including cancer. In recent decades, numerous inhibitors related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling have made great strides in cancer treatment, like copanlisib and sirolimus. Notably, most of the PIKK inhibitors (such as VX-970 and M3814) related to DNA damage response have also shown good efficacy in clinical trials. However, these drugs still require a suitable combination therapy to overcome drug resistance or improve antitumor activity. Based on the aforementioned facts, we summarised the efficacy of PIKK, PI3K, and AKT inhibitors in the therapy of human malignancies and the resistance mechanisms of targeted therapy, in order to provide deeper insights into cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Huang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Psotka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Sivak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ramesh S, Cifci A, Javeri S, Minne R, Longhurst CA, Nickel KP, Kimple RJ, Baschnagel AM. MET Inhibitor Capmatinib Radiosensitizes MET Exon 14-Mutated and MET-Amplified Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.564232. [PMID: 37961176 PMCID: PMC10634863 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of inhibiting the MET receptor with capmatinib, a potent and clinically relevant ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in combination with radiation in MET exon 14-mutated and MET-amplified non-small cell lung (NSCLC) cancer models. Methods and Materials In vitro effects of capmatinib and radiation on cell proliferation, colony formation, MET signaling, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair were evaluated. In vivo tumor responses were assessed in cell line xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to confirm in vitro results. Results In vitro clonogenic survival assays demonstrated radiosensitization with capmatinib in both MET exon 14-mutated and MET-amplified NSCLC cell lines. No radiation-enhancing effect was observed in MET wild-type NSCLC and human bronchial epithelial cell line. Minimal apoptosis was detected with the combination of capmatinib and radiation. Capmatinib plus radiation compared to radiation alone resulted in inhibition of DNA double-strand break repair as measured by prolonged expression of γH2AX. In vivo, the combination of capmatinib and radiation significantly delayed tumor growth compared to vehicle control, capmatinib alone, or radiation alone. IHC indicated inhibition of phospho-MET and phospho-S6 and a decrease in Ki67 with inhibition of MET. Conclusions Inhibition of MET with capmatinib enhanced the effect of radiation in both MET exon 14-mutated and MET-amplified NSCLC models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Ramesh
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ahmet Cifci
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Saahil Javeri
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rachel Minne
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Colin A. Longhurst
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kwangok P. Nickel
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Randall J. Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew M. Baschnagel
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bai Z, Zhou Y, Peng Y, Ye X, Ma L. Perspectives and mechanisms for targeting mitotic catastrophe in cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188965. [PMID: 37625527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitotic catastrophe is distinct from other cell death modes due to unique nuclear alterations characterized as multi and/or micronucleation. Mitotic catastrophe is a common and virtually unavoidable consequence during cancer therapy. However, a comprehensive understanding of mitotic catastrophe remains lacking. Herein, we summarize the anticancer drugs that induce mitotic catastrophe, including microtubule-targeting agents, spindle assembly checkpoint kinase inhibitors, DNA damage agents and DNA damage response inhibitors. Based on the relationships between mitotic catastrophe and other cell death modes, we thoroughly evaluated the roles played by mitotic catastrophe in cancer treatment as well as its advantages and disadvantages. Some strategies for overcoming its shortcomings while fully utilizing its advantages are summarized and proposed in this review. We also review how mitotic catastrophe regulates cancer immunotherapy. These summarized findings suggest that the induction of mitotic catastrophe can serve as a promising new therapeutic approach for overcoming apoptosis resistance and strengthening cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshi Bai
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Yiran Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yaling Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Xinyue Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Lingman Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kindt N, Kotecki N, Awada A. Preclinical models to understand the biology and to discover new targets in brain metastases. Curr Opin Oncol 2023; 35:436-440. [PMID: 37551950 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Incidence of brain metastases increases overtime therefore it is important to rapidly progress in the discovery of new strategies of treatment for these patients. In consequence, more and more preclinical models of brain metastases (BM) are established to study new treatments for melanoma, lung, and breast cancer BM. Here, we reviewed the most recent findings of new drugs assessed in BM mouse preclinical models. RECENT FINDINGS BM are a common metastatic site of several types of solid cancers and can be difficult to treat due to the unique environment of the brain and the blood-brain barrier. Currently, several preclinical models of BM have been demonstrated that new molecular targeted therapies, small metabolic inhibitors, immunotherapies or a combination of these drugs with radiotherapy lead to a reduction of BM growth and an improvement of mouse survival. SUMMARY The use of preclinical models of BM is crucial to discover new treatment strategies for patients with BM. In the last years, some new drugs have been highlighted in preclinical models and are now tested in clinical trials including patients with brain metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Kindt
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Clinique et Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut Jules Bordet
| | - Nuria Kotecki
- Oncology Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Clinique et Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut Jules Bordet
- Oncology Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Almasri F, Sakarya EH, Karshafian R. Radioenhancement with the Combination of Docetaxel and Ultrasound Microbubbles: In Vivo Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051468. [PMID: 37242710 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an in vitro prostate cancer model, we previously demonstrated the significant enhancement of radiotherapy (XRT) with the combined treatment of docetaxel (Taxotere; TXT) and ultrasound-microbubbles (USMB). Here, we extend these findings to an in vivo cancer model. Severe combined immune-deficient male mice were xenografted with the PC-3 prostate cancer cell line in the hind leg and treated with USMB, TXT, radiotherapy (XRT), and their combinations. The tumors were imaged with ultrasound pre-treatment and 24 h post-treatment, following which they were extracted for the histological analysis of the tumor-cell death (DN; H&E) and apoptosis (DA; TUNEL). The tumors' growths were assessed for up to ~6 weeks and analysed using the exponential Malthusian tumor-growth model. The tumors' doubling time (VT) was characterized as growth (positive) or shrinkage (negative). The cellular death and apoptosis increased ~5-fold with the TXT + USMB + XRT (Dn = 83% and Da = 71%) compared to the XRT alone (Dn = 16% and Da = 14%), and by ~2-3-fold with the TXT + XRT (Dn = 50% and Da = 38%) and USMB + XRT (Dn = 45% and Da = 27%) compared to the XRT. The USMB enhanced the cellular bioeffects of the TXT by ~2-5-fold with the TXT + USMB (Dn = 42% and Da = 50%), compared with the TXT alone (Dn = 19% and Da = 9%). The USMB alone caused cell death (Dn = 17% and Da = 10%) compared to the untreated control (Dn = 0.4% and Da = 0%). The histological cellular bioeffects were correlated with the changes in the ultrasound RF mid-band-fit data, which were associated with the cellular morphology. The linear regression analysis displayed a positive linear correlation between the mid-band fit and the overall cell death (R2 = 0.9164), as well as a positive linear correlation between the mid-band fit and the apoptosis (R2 = 0.8530). These results demonstrate a correlation between the histological and spectral measurements of the tissue microstructure and that cellular morphological changes can be detected by ultrasound scattering analysis. In addition, the tumor volumes from the triple-combination treatment were significantly smaller than those from the control, XRT, USMB + XRT, and TXT + XRT, from day 2 onward. The TXT + USMB + XRT-treated tumors shrank from day 2 and at each subsequent time-point measured (VT ~-6 days). The growth of the XRT-treated tumors was inhibited during the first 16 days, following which the tumors grew (VT ~9 days). The TXT + XRT and USMB + XRT groups displayed an initial decrease in tumor size (day 1-14; TXT + XRT VT ~-12 days; USMB + XRT VT ~-33 days), followed by a growth phase (day 15-37; TXT + XRT VT ~11 days; USMB + XRT VT ~22 days). The triple-combination therapy induced tumor shrinkage to a greater extent than any of the other treatments. This study demonstrates the in vivo radioenhancement potential of chemotherapy combined with therapeutic ultrasound-microbubble treatment in inducing cell death and apoptosis, as well as long-term tumor shrinkage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firas Almasri
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Department, International University of Science and Technology in Kuwait, Ardiya 92400, Kuwait
| | - Emmanuel H Sakarya
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), A Partnership Between Toronto Metropolitan University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Raffi Karshafian
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), A Partnership Between Toronto Metropolitan University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Q, Li J, Chen Z, Jiang K, Yang K, Huang F, Huang A, Zhang X, Zhang J, Wang H. VE-822 upregulates the deubiquitinase OTUD1 to stabilize FHL1 to inhibit the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023:10.1007/s13402-023-00793-x. [PMID: 36929488 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deubiquitinase ovarian tumor domain-containing 1 (OTUD1) has been considered as a tumor suppressor in many tumors, but there is minimal research on the role of OTUD1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) pathogenesis. METHODS Bioinformatics analyses and western blot were applied for investigating OTUD1 expression in lung cancer and the drug that upregulated OTUD1. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test was used for survival analyses. IP-MS and co-IP were performed for identifying potential protein interactions with OTUD1. In vitro and in vivo assays were used for exploring the function of OTUD1 during the progression of LUAD. RESULTS OTUD1 was dramatically downregulated in tumors and cell lines of human lung cancer. OTUD1 inhibited proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, OTUD1 inhibited growth of xenografts in nude mice and formation of primary lung tumors in urethane-induced lung cancer model. Mechanistically, we showed that OTUD1 deubiquitinated and stabilized FHL1. Furthermore, we listed and identified VE-822 as a candidate agonist for OTUD1. VE-822 inhibited proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION These results indicated that the deubiquitinase OTUD1, which was upregulated by VE-822, inhibited the progression of LUAD in vitro and in vivo by deubiquitinating and stabilizing FHL1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jinglei Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Basic School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ai Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jinxiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Basic School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen JLY, Pan CK, Lin LC, Tsai CY, Kuo CY, Huang YS, Lin YL. Therapeutic efficacy of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition in combination with ionizing radiation for lung cancer. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1257-1266. [PMID: 36598432 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2161658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibition in combination with ionizing radiation for lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and squamous cell carcinoma (H520) cells were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of CDK inhibition in combination with ionizing radiation in vitro using colony formation assay, γH2AX immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and cell cycle phase analysis. We also performed in vivo evaluations of ectopic tumor growth. RESULTS In vitro pretreatment with the CDK inhibitor, seliciclib, before irradiation significantly decreased the survival of A549 and H520 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Although CDK inhibition alone did not increase the intensity of γH2AX foci, its combination with ionizing radiation increased DNA double-strand breaks, as shown by γH2AX immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. The combination of CDK inhibition and ionizing radiation-induced G2/M arrest and increased apoptosis, as evidenced by the increased proportion of cells in G2/M arrest, subG1 apoptotic population, and expression of apoptotic markers (cleaved PARP-1 and cleaved caspase-3). Mechanistic studies showed reduced expression of cyclin A with combined treatment, indicating cell cycle shifting effects. An in vivo xenograft model showed that the combination of CDK inhibition and ionizing radiation delayed xenograft tumor growth, and increased the proportion of cleaved PARP-1- and cleaved caspase-3-positive cells, compared to either treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS We provide preclinical tumoricidal evidence that the combination of CDK inhibition and ionizing radiation is an efficacious treatment for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ling-Yu Chen
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Pan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Cheng Lin
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Kuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sen Huang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Lin
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Song Y, Wang Y, Guan A, Xue J, Li B, Huang Z, Zheng Z, Liang N, Yang Y, Li S. Footprints: Stamping hallmarks of lung cancer with patient-derived models, from molecular mechanisms to clinical translation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1132940. [PMID: 36911198 PMCID: PMC9993089 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1132940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional two-dimensional (2D) tumor cell lines in Petri dishes have played an important role in revealing the molecular biological mechanism of lung cancer. However, they cannot adequately recapitulate the complex biological systems and clinical outcomes of lung cancer. The three-dimensional (3D) cell culture enables the possible 3D cell interactions and the complex 3D systems with co-culture of different cells mimicking the tumor microenvironments (TME). In this regard, patient-derived models, mainly patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) and patient-derived organoids discussed hereby, are with higher biological fidelity of lung cancer, and regarded as more faithful preclinical models. The significant Hallmarks of Cancer is believed to be the most comprehensive coverage of current research on tumor biological characteristics. Therefore, this review aims to present and discuss the application of different patient-derived lung cancer models from molecular mechanisms to clinical translation with regards to the dimensions of different hallmarks, and to look to the prospects of these patient-derived lung cancer models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Guan
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianchao Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Zheng
- Department of International Medical Services, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Naixin Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shanqing Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Toulany M. Targeting K-Ras-mediated DNA damage response in radiation oncology: Current status, challenges and future perspectives. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2022; 38:6-14. [PMID: 36313934 PMCID: PMC9596599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 60% of cancer patients receive curative or palliative radiation. Despite the significant role of radiotherapy (RT) as a curative approach for many solid tumors, tumor recurrence occurs, partially because of intrinsic radioresistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that the success of RT is hampered by activation of the DNA damage response (DDR). The intensity of DDR signaling is affected by multiple parameters, e.g., loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressor genes, gain-of-function mutations in protooncogenes as well as radiation-induced alterations in signal-transduction pathways. Therefore, the response to irradiation differs in tumors of different types, which makes the individualization of RT as a rational but challenging goal. One contributor to tumor cell radiation survival is signaling through the Ras pathway. Three RAS genes encode 4 Ras isoforms: K-Ras4A, K-Ras4B, H-Ras, and N-Ras. RAS family members are found to be mutated in approximately 19% of human cancers. Mutations in RAS lead to constitutive activation of the gene product and activation of multiple Ras-dependent signal-transduction cascades. Preclinical studies have shown that the expression of mutant KRAS affects DDR and increases cell survival after irradiation. Approximately 70% of RAS mutations occur in KRAS. Thus, applying targeted therapies directly against K-Ras as well as K-Ras upstream activators and downstream effectors might be a tumor-specific approach to overcome K-Ras-mediated RT resistance. In this review, the role of K-Ras in the activation of DDR signaling will be summarized. Recent progress in targeting DDR in KRAS-mutated tumors in combination with radiochemotherapy will be discussed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Castellano GM, Zeeshan S, Garbuzenko OB, Sabaawy HE, Malhotra J, Minko T, Pine SR. Inhibition of Mtorc1/2 and DNA-PK via CC-115 Synergizes with Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1381-1392. [PMID: 35732569 PMCID: PMC9452486 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Only a small percentage (<1%) of patients with late-stage lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are eligible for targeted therapy. Because PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, particularly Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase CA (PIK3CA), is dysregulated in two-thirds of LUSC, and DNA damage response pathways are enriched in LUSC, we tested whether CC-115, a dual mTORC1/2 and DNA-PK inhibitor, sensitizes LUSC to chemotherapy. We demonstrate that CC-115 synergizes with carboplatin in six of 14 NSCLC cell lines, primarily PIK3CA-mutant LUSC. Synergy was more common in cell lines that had decreased basal levels of activated AKT and DNA-PK, evidenced by reduced P-S473-AKT, P-Th308-AKT, and P-S2056-DNA-PKcs. CC-115 sensitized LUSC to carboplatin by inhibiting chemotherapy-induced AKT activation and maintaining apoptosis, particularly in PIK3CA-mutant cells lacking wild-type (WT) TP53. In addition, pathway analysis revealed that enrichments in the IFNα and IFNγ pathways were significantly associated with synergy. In multiple LUSC patient-derived xenograft and cell line tumor models, CC-115 plus platinum-based doublet chemotherapy significantly inhibited tumor growth and increased overall survival as compared with either treatment alone at clinically relevant dosing schedules. IHC and immunoblot analysis of CC-115-treated tumors demonstrated decreased P-Th308-AKT, P-S473-AKT, P-S235/236-S6, and P-S2056-DNA-PKcs, showing direct pharmacodynamic evidence of inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascades. Because PI3K pathway and DNA-PK inhibitors have shown toxicity in clinical trials, we assessed toxicity by examining weight and numerous organs in PRKDC-WT mice, which demonstrated that the combination treatment does not exacerbate the clinically accepted side effects of standard-of-care chemotherapy. This preclinical study provides strong support for the further investigation of CC-115 plus chemotherapy in LUSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina M. Castellano
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Rutgers Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Saman Zeeshan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Rutgers Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Olga B. Garbuzenko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Hatim E. Sabaawy
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jyoti Malhotra
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Tamara Minko
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Sharon R. Pine
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Rutgers Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lazo PA. Targeting Histone Epigenetic Modifications and DNA Damage Responses in Synthetic Lethality Strategies in Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164050. [PMID: 36011043 PMCID: PMC9406467 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethality strategies are likely to be integrated in effective and specific cancer treatments. These strategies combine different specific targets, either in similar or cooperating pathways. Chromatin remodeling underlies, directly or indirectly, all processes of tumor biology. In this context, the combined targeting of proteins associated with different aspects of chromatin remodeling can be exploited to find new alternative targets or to improve treatment for specific individual tumors or patients. There are two major types of proteins, epigenetic modifiers of histones and nuclear or chromatin kinases, all of which are druggable targets. Among epigenetic enzymes, there are four major families: histones acetylases, deacetylases, methylases and demethylases. All these enzymes are druggable. Among chromatin kinases are those associated with DNA damage responses, such as Aurora A/B, Haspin, ATM, ATR, DNA-PK and VRK1-a nucleosomal histone kinase. All these proteins converge on the dynamic regulation chromatin organization, and its functions condition the tumor cell viability. Therefore, the combined targeting of these epigenetic enzymes, in synthetic lethality strategies, can sensitize tumor cells to toxic DNA-damage-based treatments, reducing their toxicity and the selective pressure for tumor resistance and increasing their immunogenicity, which will lead to an improvement in disease-free survival and quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. Lazo
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca-IBSAL, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Application of Ultrasound Combined with Microbubbles for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084393. [PMID: 35457210 PMCID: PMC9026557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Treatment failure remains one of the prime hurdles in cancer treatment due to the metastatic nature of cancer. Techniques have been developed to hinder the growth of tumours or at least to stop the metastasis process. In recent years, ultrasound therapy combined with microbubbles has gained immense success in cancer treatment. Ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMB) combined with other cancer treatments including radiation therapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy has demonstrated potential improved outcomes in various in vitro and in vivo studies. Studies have shown that low dose radiation administered with USMB can have similar effects as high dose radiation therapy. In addition, the use of USMB in conjunction with radiotherapy or chemotherapy can minimize the toxicity of high dose radiation or chemotherapeutic drugs, respectively. In this review, we discuss the biophysical properties of USMB treatment and its applicability in cancer therapy. In particular, we highlight important preclinical and early clinical findings that demonstrate the antitumour effect combining USMB and other cancer treatment modalities (radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Our review mainly focuses on the tumour vascular effects mediated by USMB and these cancer therapies. We also discuss several current limitations, in addition to ongoing and future efforts for applying USMB in cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang LW, Jiang S, Yuan YH, Duan J, Mao ND, Hui Z, Bai R, Xie T, Ye XY. Recent Advances in Synergistic Antitumor Effects Exploited from the Inhibition of Ataxia Telangiectasia and RAD3-Related Protein Kinase (ATR). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082491. [PMID: 35458687 PMCID: PMC9029554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the key phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs) family members, ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-related protein kinase (ATR) is crucial in maintaining mammalian cell genomic integrity in DNA damage response (DDR) and repair pathways. Dysregulation of ATR has been found across different cancer types. In recent years, the inhibition of ATR has been proven to be effective in cancer therapy in preclinical and clinical studies. Importantly, tumor-specific alterations such as ATM loss and Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) amplification are more sensitive to ATR inhibition and are being exploited in synthetic lethality (SL) strategy. Besides SL, synergistic anticancer effects involving ATRi have been reported in an increasing number in recent years. This review focuses on the recent advances in different forms of synergistic antitumor effects, summarizes the pharmacological benefits and ongoing clinical trials behind the biological mechanism, and provides perspectives for future challenges and opportunities. The hope is to draw awareness to the community that targeting ATR should have great potential in developing effective anticancer medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.-W.W.); (S.J.); (Y.-H.Y.); (J.D.); (N.-D.M.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Songwei Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.-W.W.); (S.J.); (Y.-H.Y.); (J.D.); (N.-D.M.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ying-Hui Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.-W.W.); (S.J.); (Y.-H.Y.); (J.D.); (N.-D.M.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jilong Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.-W.W.); (S.J.); (Y.-H.Y.); (J.D.); (N.-D.M.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Nian-Dong Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.-W.W.); (S.J.); (Y.-H.Y.); (J.D.); (N.-D.M.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zi Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.-W.W.); (S.J.); (Y.-H.Y.); (J.D.); (N.-D.M.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.-W.W.); (S.J.); (Y.-H.Y.); (J.D.); (N.-D.M.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (T.X.); (X.-Y.Y.); Tel.: +86-571-28860236 (X.-Y.Y.)
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.-W.W.); (S.J.); (Y.-H.Y.); (J.D.); (N.-D.M.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (T.X.); (X.-Y.Y.); Tel.: +86-571-28860236 (X.-Y.Y.)
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (L.-W.W.); (S.J.); (Y.-H.Y.); (J.D.); (N.-D.M.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (T.X.); (X.-Y.Y.); Tel.: +86-571-28860236 (X.-Y.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hu S, Hui Z, Duan J, Garrido C, Xie T, Ye XY. Discovery of small-molecule ATR inhibitors for potential cancer treatment: a patent review from 2014 to present. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:401-421. [PMID: 35001778 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2027911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-related kinase (ATR) is one of the key PIKKs family members important for DNA damage response and repair pathways. Targeting ATR kinase for potential cancer therapy has attracted a great deal of attention to both pharmaceutical industries and academic community. AREA COVERED This article surveys the patents published since 2014 aiming to analyze the structural features of scaffolds and the patent space. It also discusses the recent clinical developments and provides perspectives on the challenges and the future directions. EXPERT OPINION ATR kinase appears to be a viable drug target for anticancer therapy. Similar to DNA-PK inhibitors, the clinical investigation of an ATRi employs both monotherapy and combination strategy. In the combination strategy, an ATRi is typically combined with a radiation or a targeted drug such as chemotherapy agent poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, etc. Diverse structures comprising different scaffolds from mono-heteroaryl to bicyclic heteroaryl to tricyclic heteroaryl to macrocycle are capable to achieve good ATR inhibitory activity and good ATR selectivity over other closely related enzymes. There are eight ATR inhibitors currently being evaluated in clinics, with the hope to get approval in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province.,Hangzhou Huadong Medicine Group Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hanzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, 607 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zi Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province
| | - Jilong Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM Unit U1231, Label LIPSTIC, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, I-SITE, 7, Bvd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang M, Chen S, Ao D. Targeting DNA repair pathway in cancer: Mechanisms and clinical application. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:654-691. [PMID: 34977872 PMCID: PMC8706759 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the growing understanding on DNA damage response (DDR) pathways has broadened the therapeutic landscape in oncology. It is becoming increasingly clear that the genomic instability of cells resulted from deficient DNA damage response contributes to the occurrence of cancer. One the other hand, these defects could also be exploited as a therapeutic opportunity, which is preferentially more deleterious in tumor cells than in normal cells. An expanding repertoire of DDR-targeting agents has rapidly expanded to inhibitors of multiple members involved in DDR pathways, including PARP, ATM, ATR, CHK1, WEE1, and DNA-PK. In this review, we sought to summarize the complex network of DNA repair machinery in cancer cells and discuss the underlying mechanism for the application of DDR inhibitors in cancer. With the past preclinical evidence and ongoing clinical trials, we also provide an overview of the history and current landscape of DDR inhibitors in cancer treatment, with special focus on the combination of DDR-targeted therapies with other cancer treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Danyi Ao
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|