11
|
Eskilsson E, Rosland GV, Talasila KM, Knappskog S, Keunen O, Sottoriva A, Foerster S, Solecki G, Taxt T, Jirik R, Fritah S, Harter PN, Välk K, Al Hossain J, Joseph JV, Jahedi R, Saed HS, Piccirillo SG, Spiteri I, Leiss L, Euskirchen P, Graziani G, Daubon T, Lund-Johansen M, Enger PØ, Winkler F, Ritter CA, Niclou SP, Watts C, Bjerkvig R, Miletic H. EGFRvIII mutations can emerge as late and heterogenous events in glioblastoma development and promote angiogenesis through Src activation. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:1644-1655. [PMID: 27286795 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its mutant EGFRvIII are among the most common genetic alterations in glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and most aggressive primary brain tumor. METHODS In the present work, we analyzed the clonal evolution of these major EGFR aberrations in a small cohort of GBM patients using a unique surgical multisampling technique. Furthermore, we overexpressed both receptors separately and together in 2 patient-derived GBM stem cell lines (GSCs) to analyze their functions in vivo in orthotopic xenograft models. RESULTS In human GBM biopsies, we identified EGFR amplification as an early event because EGFRvIII mutations emerge from intratumoral heterogeneity later in tumor development. To investigate the biological relevance of this distinct developmental pattern, we established experimental model systems. In these models, EGFR+ tumor cells showed activation of classical downstream signaling pathways upon EGF stimulation and displayed enhanced invasive growth without evidence of angiogenesis in vivo. In contrast, EGFRvIII+ tumors were driven by activation of the prototypical Src family kinase c-Src that promoted VEGF secretion leading to angiogenic tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS The presented work shows that sequential EGFR amplification and EGFRvIII mutations might represent concerted evolutionary events that drive the aggressive nature of GBM by promoting invasion and angiogenesis via distinct signaling pathways. In particular, c-SRC may be an attractive therapeutic target for tumors harboring EGFRvIII as we identified this protein specifically mediating angiogenic tumor growth downstream of EGFRvIII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eskil Eskilsson
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Gro V Rosland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Krishna M Talasila
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Stian Knappskog
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Olivier Keunen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Andrea Sottoriva
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Sarah Foerster
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Gergely Solecki
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Torfinn Taxt
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Radovan Jirik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Sabrina Fritah
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Kristjan Välk
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Jubayer Al Hossain
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Justin V Joseph
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Roza Jahedi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Halala S Saed
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Sara G Piccirillo
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Inma Spiteri
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Lina Leiss
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Thomas Daubon
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Morten Lund-Johansen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Per Øyvind Enger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Frank Winkler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Christoph A Ritter
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Simone P Niclou
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Colin Watts
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| |
Collapse
|