1
|
Panagopoulos I, Andersen K, Gorunova L, Lund-Iversen M, Lobmaier I, Heim S. Recurrent Fusion of the Genes for High-mobility Group AT-hook 2 ( HMGA2) and Nuclear Receptor Co-repressor 2 ( NCOR2) in Osteoclastic Giant Cell-rich Tumors of Bone. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:163-177. [PMID: 35181586 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Chimeras involving the high-mobility group AT-hook 2 gene (HMGA2 in 12q14.3) have been found in lipomas and other benign mesenchymal tumors. We report here a fusion of HMGA2 with the nuclear receptor co-repressor 2 gene (NCOR2 in 12q24.31) repeatedly found in tumors of bone and the first cytogenetic investigation of this fusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six osteoclastic giant cell-rich tumors were investigated using G-banding, RNA sequencing, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS Four tumors had structural chromosomal aberrations of 12q. The pathogenic variant c.103_104GG>AT (p.Gly35Met) in the H3.3 histone A gene was found in a tumor without 12q aberration. In-frame HMGA2-NCOR2 fusion transcripts were found in all tumors. In two cases, the presence of an HMGA2-NCOR2 fusion gene was confirmed by FISH on metaphase spreads. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that a subset of osteoclastic giant cell-rich tumors of bone are characterized by an HMGA2-NCOR2 fusion gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;
| | - Kristin Andersen
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludmila Gorunova
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Lund-Iversen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Lobmaier
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gou X, Anurag M, Lei JT, Kim BJ, Singh P, Seker S, Fandino D, Han A, Rehman S, Hu J, Korchina V, Doddapaneni H, Dobrolecki LE, Mitsiades N, Lewis MT, Welm AL, Li S, Lee AV, Robinson DR, Foulds CE, Ellis MJ. Transcriptional reprogramming differentiates active from inactive ESR1 fusions in endocrine therapy-refractory metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:6259-6272. [PMID: 34711608 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genomic analysis has recently identified multiple ESR1 gene translocations in estrogen receptor-alpha positive (ERα+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) that encode chimeric proteins whereby the ESR1 ligand binding domain (LBD) is replaced by C-terminal sequences from many different gene partners. Here we functionally screened 15 ESR1 fusions and identified 10 that promoted estradiol-independent cell growth, motility, invasion, EMT and resistance to fulvestrant. RNA sequencing identified a gene expression pattern specific to functionally active ESR1 gene fusions that was subsequently reduced to a diagnostic 24-gene signature. This signature was further examined in 20 ERα+ patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and in 55 ERα+ MBC samples. The 24-gene signature successfully identified cases harboring ESR1 gene fusions and also accurately diagnosed the presence of activating ESR1 LBD point mutations. Therefore, the 24-gene signature represents an efficient approach to screening samples for the presence of diverse somatic ESR1 mutations and translocations that drive endocrine treatment failure in MBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuxu Gou
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | | | - Jonathan T Lei
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael T Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Alana L Welm
- Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Dan R Robinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
| | - Charles E Foulds
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Case Reports in Oncological Medicine Myoepithelioma: A New Rearrangement Involving the LPP Locus in a Case of Multiple Bone and Soft Tissue Lesions. Case Rep Oncol Med 2018; 2018:3512847. [PMID: 29992069 PMCID: PMC5848058 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3512847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of multiple myoepithelioma with synchronous bone and soft tissue tumors, associated with a new genomic alteration of the LPP locus. The lesions occurred in the foot by presenting one lump in the plantar soft tissue, and three lesions were detected in the calcaneus and in the navicular bone. All tumors showed the double immunophenotype of epithelial markers and S100 protein expression. No rearrangement of the EWSR1 and FUS loci was detected as reported in myoepitheliomas. However, molecular karyotyping detected an unbalanced rearrangement of the LPP locus, not involving the HMGA2 locus, which is the most frequent translocation partner observed in benign mesenchymal tumors such as lipomas (of soft tissue as well as parosteal) and pulmonary chondroid hamartoma.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ngan E, Kiepas A, Brown CM, Siegel PM. Emerging roles for LPP in metastatic cancer progression. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:143-156. [PMID: 29027626 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
LIM domain containing proteins are important regulators of diverse cellular processes, and play pivotal roles in regulating the actin cytoskeleton. Lipoma Preferred Partner (LPP) is a member of the zyxin family of LIM proteins that has long been characterized as a promoter of mesenchymal/fibroblast cell migration. More recently, LPP has emerged as a critical inducer of tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. LPP is thought to contribute to these malignant phenotypes by virtue of its ability to shuttle into the nucleus, localize to adhesions and, most recently, to promote invadopodia formation. In this review, we will examine the mechanisms through which LPP regulates the functions of adhesions and invadopodia, and discuss potential roles of LPP in mediating cellular responses to mechanical cues within these mechanosensory structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Ngan
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Room 508, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alex Kiepas
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claire M Brown
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Room 508, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A3, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vitulo N, Dalla Valle L, Skobo T, Valle G, Alibardi L. Transcriptome analysis of the regenerating tail vs. the scarring limb in lizard reveals pathways leading to successful vs. unsuccessful organ regeneration in amniotes. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:116-134. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Vitulo
- Department of Biotechnology; University of Verona; Italy
| | | | - Tatjana Skobo
- Department of Biology; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Giorgio Valle
- Department of Biology; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Paudyal A, Dewan S, Ikie C, Whalley BJ, de Tombe PP, Boateng SY. Nuclear accumulation of myocyte muscle LIM protein is regulated by heme oxygenase 1 and correlates with cardiac function in the transition to failure. J Physiol 2016; 594:3287-305. [PMID: 26847743 DOI: 10.1113/jp271809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The present study investigated the mechanism associated with impaired cardiac mechanosensing that leads to heart failure by examining the factors regulating muscle LIM protein subcellular distribution in myocytes. In myocytes, muscle LIM protein subcellular distribution is regulated by cell contractility rather than passive stretch via heme oxygenase-1 and histone deacetylase signalling. The result of the present study provide new insights into mechanotransduction in cardiac myocytes. Myocyte mechanosensitivity, as indicated by the muscle LIM protein ratio, is also correlated with cardiac function in the transition to failure in a guinea-pig model of disease. This shows that the loss mechanosensitivity plays an important role during the transition to failure in the heart. The present study provides the first indication that mechanosensing could be modified pharmacologically during the transition to heart failure. ABSTRACT Impaired mechanosensing leads to heart failure and a decreased ratio of cytoplasmic to nuclear CSRP3/muscle LIM protein (MLP ratio) is associated with a loss of mechanosensitivity. In the present study, we tested whether passive or active stress/strain was important in modulating the MLP ratio and determined whether this correlated with heart function during the transition to failure. We exposed cultured neonatal rat myocytes to a 10% cyclic mechanical stretch at 1 Hz, or electrically paced myocytes at 6.8 V (1 Hz) for 48 h. The MLP ratio decreased by 50% (P < 0.05, n = 4) only in response to electrical pacing, suggesting impaired mechanosensitivity. Inhibition of contractility with 10 μm blebbistatin resulted in an ∼3-fold increase in the MLP ratio (n = 8, P < 0.05), indicating that myocyte contractility regulates nuclear MLP. Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) signalling with trichostatin A increased nuclear MLP following passive stretch, suggesting that HDACs block MLP nuclear accumulation. Inhibition of heme oxygenase1 (HO-1) activity with protoporphyrin IX zinc(II) blocked MLP nuclear accumulation. To examine how mechanosensitivity changes during the transition to heart failure, we studied a guinea-pig model of angiotensin II infusion (400 ng kg(-1) min(-1) ) over 12 weeks. Using subcellular fractionation, we showed that the MLP ratio increased by 88% (n = 4, P < 0.01) during compensated hypertrophy but decreased significantly during heart failure (P < 0.001, n = 4). The MLP ratio correlated significantly with the E/A ratio (r = 0.71, P < 0.01, n = 12), a clinical measure of diastolic function. These data indicate for the first time that myocyte mechanosensitivity as indicated by the MLP ratio is regulated primarily by myocyte contractility via HO-1 and HDAC signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Paudyal
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Hopkins Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Sukriti Dewan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Cindy Ikie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Hopkins Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | | | - Pieter P de Tombe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Samuel Y Boateng
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Hopkins Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Petkova R, Tummala H, Zhelev N. Nothing in Excess—Lessons Learned from the Expression of High-Mobility Group Proteins Type a in Non-Cancer and Cancer Cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2011.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
8
|
Cell Adhesion and Transcriptional Activity - Defining the Role of the Novel Protooncogene LPP. Transl Oncol 2011; 2:107-16. [PMID: 19701494 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.09112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating signals from the extracellular matrix through the cell surface into the nucleus is an essential feature of metazoan life. To date, many signal transducers known as shuttle proteins have been identified to act as both a cytoskeletal and a signaling protein. Among them, the most prominent representatives are zyxin and lipoma preferred (translocation) partner (LPP). These proteins belong to the LIM domain protein family and are associated with cell migration, proliferation, and transcription. LPP was first identified in benign human lipomas and was subsequently found to be overexpressed in human malignancies such as lung carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma, and leukemia. This review portrays LPP in the context of human neoplasia based on a study of the literature to define its important role as a novel protooncogene in carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bartuma H, Panagopoulos I, Collin A, Trombetta D, Domanski HA, Mandahl N, Mertens F. Expression levels of HMGA2 in adipocytic tumors correlate with morphologic and cytogenetic subgroups. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:36. [PMID: 19508721 PMCID: PMC2702300 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The HMGA2 gene encodes a protein that alters chromatin structure. Deregulation, typically through chromosomal rearrangements, of HMGA2 has an important role in the development of several mesenchymal neoplasms. These rearrangements result in the expression of a truncated protein lacking the acidic C-terminus, a fusion protein consisting of the AT-hook domains encoded by exons 1–3 and parts from another gene, or a full-length protein; loss of binding sites for regulatory microRNA molecules from the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of HMGA2 has been suggested to be a common denominator. Methods Seventy adipocytic tumors, representing different morphologic and cytogenetic subgroups, were analyzed by qRT-PCR to study the expression status of HMGA2; 18 of these tumors were further examined by PCR to search for mutations or deletions in the 3'UTR. Results Type (full-length or truncated) and level of expression varied with morphology and karyotype, with the highest levels in atypical lipomatous tumors and lipomas with rearrangements of 12q13-15 and the lowest in lipomas with 6p- or 13q-rearrangements, hibernomas, spindle cell lipomas and myxoid liposarcomas. All 18 examined tumors showed reduced or absent expression of the entire, or parts of, the 3'UTR, which was not due to mutations at the DNA level. Conclusion In adipocytic tumors with deregulated HMGA2 expression, the 3'UTR is consistently lost, either due to physical disruption of HMGA2 or a shift to production of shorter 3'UTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hammurabi Bartuma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fujita A, Gomes LR, Sato JR, Yamaguchi R, Thomaz CE, Sogayar MC, Miyano S. Multivariate gene expression analysis reveals functional connectivity changes between normal/tumoral prostates. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2008; 2:106. [PMID: 19055846 PMCID: PMC2628381 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-2-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death in the male population, therefore, a comprehensive study about the genes and the molecular networks involved in the tumoral prostate process becomes necessary. In order to understand the biological process behind potential biomarkers, we have analyzed a set of 57 cDNA microarrays containing approximately 25,000 genes. RESULTS Principal Component Analysis (PCA) combined with the Maximum-entropy Linear Discriminant Analysis (MLDA) were applied in order to identify genes with the most discriminative information between normal and tumoral prostatic tissues. Data analysis was carried out using three different approaches, namely: (i) differences in gene expression levels between normal and tumoral conditions from an univariate point of view; (ii) in a multivariate fashion using MLDA; and (iii) with a dependence network approach. Our results show that malignant transformation in the prostatic tissue is more related to functional connectivity changes in their dependence networks than to differential gene expression. The MYLK, KLK2, KLK3, HAN11, LTF, CSRP1 and TGM4 genes presented significant changes in their functional connectivity between normal and tumoral conditions and were also classified as the top seven most informative genes for the prostate cancer genesis process by our discriminant analysis. Moreover, among the identified genes we found classically known biomarkers and genes which are closely related to tumoral prostate, such as KLK3 and KLK2 and several other potential ones. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that changes in functional connectivity may be implicit in the biological process which renders some genes more informative to discriminate between normal and tumoral conditions. Using the proposed method, namely, MLDA, in order to analyze the multivariate characteristic of genes, it was possible to capture the changes in dependence networks which are related to cell transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Fujita
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Luciana Rodrigues Gomes
- Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo-SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- Mathematics, Computation and Cognition Center, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166 – Santo André, 09210-170, Brazil
| | - Rui Yamaguchi
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Carlos Eduardo Thomaz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Centro Universitário da FEI, Av. Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, 3972 – São Bernardo do Campo, 09850-901, Brazil
| | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo-SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aliano S, Cirmena G, Garuti A, Fugazza G, Bruzzone R, Rocco I, Malacarne M, Ballestrero A, Sessarego M. HMGA2 overexpression in polycythemia vera with t(12;21)(q14;q22). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 177:115-9. [PMID: 17854665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations involving the 12q14 band are rarely detected in hematological disorders, and are usually correlated with HMGA2 gene expression. HMGA2 is highly expressed during embryonic cell growth and differentiation, and regulates transcription and chromatin organization, but is rarely detectable in adult tissues. We describe a case of polycythemia vera with a t(12;21)(q14;q22). The 12q14 breakpoint was characterized by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using the bacterial artificial chromosome RP11-366L20 containing 3' sequences of the HMGA2 gene. Qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed the presence of high levels of HMGA2 gene expression, which were temporarily reduced with hydroxyurea therapy. The present case confirms that involvement of the 12q14 band may be associated with HMGA2 overexpression in chronic Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative disease, regardless of the partner chromosome involved in the translocation. Such overexpression may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease, which otherwise of itself shows a favorable and stable course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Aliano
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV-6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cleynen I, Brants JR, Peeters K, Deckers R, Debiec-Rychter M, Sciot R, Van de Ven WJM, Petit MMR. HMGA2 regulates transcription of the Imp2 gene via an intronic regulatory element in cooperation with nuclear factor-kappaB. Mol Cancer Res 2007; 5:363-72. [PMID: 17426251 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-06-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IMP2 (insulin-like growth factor-II mRNA binding protein 2) is an oncofetal protein that is aberrantly expressed in several types of cancer. We recently identified the Imp2 gene as a target gene of the architectural transcription factor HMGA2 (high mobility group A2) and its tumor-specific truncated form HMGA2Tr. In this study, we investigated the mechanism via which HMGA2 regulates Imp2 gene expression. We show that HMGA2 and HMGA2Tr directly regulate transcription of the Imp2 gene by binding to an AT-rich regulatory region located in the first intron. In reporter experiments, we show that this AT-rich regulatory region mimics the response of the endogenous Imp2 gene to HMGA2 and HMGA2Tr. Furthermore, we show that a consensus nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding site located immediately adjacent to the AT-rich regulatory region binds NF-kappaB and that NF-kappaB and HMGA2 cooperate to regulate Imp2 gene expression. Finally, we provide evidence that there is a strong and statistically significant correlation between HMGA2 and IMP2 gene expression in human liposarcomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Cleynen
- Department of Human Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 602, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bartuma H, Hallor KH, Panagopoulos I, Collin A, Rydholm A, Gustafson P, Bauer HCF, Brosjö O, Domanski HA, Mandahl N, Mertens F. Assessment of the clinical and molecular impact of different cytogenetic subgroups in a series of 272 lipomas with abnormal karyotype. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2007; 46:594-606. [PMID: 17370328 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional lipomas harbor karyotypic changes that could be subdivided into four, usually mutually exclusive, categories: rearrangement, in particular through translocations, of chromosome bands 12q13-15, resulting in deregulation of the HMGA2 gene, loss of material from or rearrangement of chromosome 13, supernumerary ring or giant marker chromosomes, and aberrations of chromosome band 6p21. In the present study, 272 conventional lipomas, two-thirds of them deep-seated, with acquired clonal chromosome changes were assessed with regard to karyotypic and clinical features. A nonrandom distribution of breakpoints and imbalances could be confirmed, with 83% of the cases harboring one or more of the previously known cytogenetic hallmarks. Correlation with clinical features revealed that lipomas with rings/giant markers were larger, occurred in older patients, were more often deep-seated, and seemed to have an increased tendency to recur locally, compared with tumors with other chromosome aberrations. The possible involvement of the HMGA2 gene in cases that did not show any of the characteristic cytogenetic changes was further evaluated by locus-specific metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and RT-PCR, revealing infrequent cryptic disruption of the gene but abundant expression of full length or truncated transcripts. By FISH, we could also show that breakpoints in bands 10q22-23 do not affect the MYST4 gene, whereas breakpoints in 6p21 or 8q11-12 occasionally target the HMGA1 or PLAG1 genes, respectively, also in conventional lipomas.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cleynen I, Huysmans C, Sasazuki T, Shirasawa S, Van de Ven W, Peeters K. Transcriptional Control of the HumanHigh Mobility Group A1Gene: Basal and Oncogenic Ras-Regulated Expression. Cancer Res 2007; 67:4620-9. [PMID: 17510387 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have already shown that the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) gene is up-regulated in most common types of cancer and immortalized tissue culture cell lines. HMGA1 expression is also much higher during embryonic development than in adult life. The elevated expression of HMGA1 in cancer thus likely occurs through oncofetal transcriptional mechanisms, which to date have not been well characterized. In the present study, we have cloned and functionally analyzed the TATA-less 5'-flanking regulatory region of human HMGA1. We identified two proximal regulatory regions that are important for basal transcription and in which specificity protein 1 (SP1) and activator protein 1 (AP1) transcription factors seem to be the regulating elements. In addition, we showed that the HMGA1 promoter is strongly inducible by oncogenic Ras, via a distal regulatory region. An AP1 site and three SP1-like sites are responsible for this inducible activity. An even more convincing finding for a role of oncogenic Ras in the regulation of HMGA1 in cancers is the discovery that HMGA1 up-regulation in the HCT116 colon cancer cell line is abolished when the mutated Ras allele is removed from these cells. Our data constitute the first extensive study of the regulation of basal and Ras-induced human HMGA1 gene expression and suggest that the elevated expression of HMGA1 in cancer cells requires, among others, a complex cooperation between SP1 family members and AP1 factors by the activation of Ras GTPase signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Cleynen
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Herestraat, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo B, Sallis RE, Greenall A, Petit MMR, Jansen E, Young L, Van de Ven WJM, Sharrocks AD. The LIM domain protein LPP is a coactivator for the ETS domain transcription factor PEA3. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:4529-38. [PMID: 16738319 PMCID: PMC1489114 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01667-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PEA3 is a member of a subfamily of ETS domain transcription factors which is regulated by a number of signaling cascades, including the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways. PEA3 activates gene expression and is thought to play an important role in promoting tumor metastasis and also in neuronal development. Here, we have identified the LIM domain protein LPP as a novel coregulatory binding partner for PEA3. LPP has intrinsic transactivation capacity, forms a complex with PEA3, and is found associated with PEA3-regulated promoters. By manipulating LPP levels, we show that it acts to upregulate the transactivation capacity of PEA3. LPP can also functionally interact in a similar manner with the related family member ER81. Thus, we have uncovered a novel nuclear function for the LIM domain protein LPP as a transcriptional coactivator. As LPP continually shuttles between the cell periphery and the nucleus, it represents a potential novel link between cell surface events and changes in gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoqiang Guo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Bldg., Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Kubo T, Matsui Y, Goto T, Yukata K, Yasui N. Overexpression of HMGA2-LPP fusion transcripts promotes expression of the alpha 2 type XI collagen gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 340:476-81. [PMID: 16375854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In a subset of human lipomas, a specific t(3;12) chromosome translocation gives rise to HMGA2-LPP fusion protein, containing the amino (N)-terminal DNA binding domains of HMGA2 fused to the carboxyl (C)-terminal LIM domains of LPP. In addition to its role in adipogenesis, several observations suggest that HMGA2-LPP is linked to chondrogenesis. Here, we analyzed whether HMGA2-LPP promotes chondrogenic differentiation, a marker of which is transactivation of the alpha 2 type XI collagen gene (Col11a2). Real-time PCR analysis showed that HMGA2-LPP and COL11A2 were co-expressed. Luciferase assay demonstrated that either of HMGA2-LPP, wild-type HMGA2 or the N-terminal HMGA2 transactivated the Col11a2 promoter in HeLa cells, while the C-terminal LPP did not. RT-PCR analysis revealed that HMGA2-LPP transcripts in lipomas with the fusion were 591-fold of full-length HMGA2 transcripts in lipomas without the fusion. These results indicate that in vivo overexpression of HMGA2-LPP promotes chondrogenesis by upregulating cartilage-specific collagen gene expression through the N-terminal DNA binding domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kubo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|