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Hunter C, Derksen T, Makhsous S, Doll M, Perez SR, Scott NE, Willis LM. Site-specific immobilization of the endosialidase reveals QSOX2 is a novel polysialylated protein. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae026. [PMID: 38489772 PMCID: PMC11031136 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a linear polymer of α2,8-linked sialic acid residues that is of fundamental biological interest due to its pivotal roles in the regulation of the nervous, immune, and reproductive systems in healthy human adults. PolySia is also dysregulated in several chronic diseases, including cancers and mental health disorders. However, the mechanisms underpinning polySia biology in health and disease remain largely unknown. The polySia-specific hydrolase, endoneuraminidase NF (EndoN), and the catalytically inactive polySia lectin EndoNDM, have been extensively used for studying polySia. However, EndoN is heat stable and remains associated with cells after washing. When studying polySia in systems with multiple polysialylated species, the residual EndoN that cannot be removed confounds data interpretation. We developed a strategy for site-specific immobilization of EndoN on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. We showed that immobilizing EndoN allows for effective removal of the enzyme from samples, while retaining hydrolase activity. We used the same strategy to immobilize the polySia lectin EndoNDM, which enabled the enrichment of polysialylated proteins from complex mixtures such as serum for their identification via mass spectrometry. We used this methodology to identify a novel polysialylated protein, QSOX2, which is secreted from the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. This method of site-specific immobilization can be utilized for other enzymes and lectins to yield insight into glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmanah Hunter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Tahlia Derksen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sogand Makhsous
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Matt Doll
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Samantha Rodriguez Perez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lisa M Willis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
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Mazepa E, Furlanetto ALDDM, Brum H, Nakao LS, Martinez PA, Cadena SMSC, Rocha MEM, Cunha ES, Martinez GR. Effects of redox modulation on quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase activity of melanoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:511-524. [PMID: 37103678 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Secreted quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX) is overexpressed in many tumor cell lines, including melanoma, and is usually associated with a pro-invasive phenotype. Our previous work described that B16-F10 cells enter in a quiescent state as a protective mechanism against damage generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during melanogenesis stimulation. Our present results show that QSOX activity was two-fold higher in cells with stimulated melanogenesis when compared to control cells. Considering that glutathione (GSH) is one of the main factor responsible for controlling redox homeostasis in cells, this work also aimed to investigate the relationship between QSOX activity, GSH levels and melanogenesis stimulation in B16-F10 murine melanoma cell line. The redox homeostasis was impaired by treating cells with GSH in excess or depleting its intracellular levels through BSO treatment. Interestingly, GSH-depleted cells without stimulation of melanogenesis kept high levels of viability, suggesting a possible adaptive mechanism of survival even under low GSH levels. They also showed lower extracellular activity of QSOX, and higher QSOX intracellular immunostaining, suggesting that this enzyme was less excreted from cells and corroborating with a diminished extracellular QSOX activity. On the other hand, cells under melanogenesis stimulation showed a lower GSH/GSSG ratio (8:1) in comparison with control (non-stimulated) cells (20:1), indicating a pro-oxidative state after stimulation. This was accompanied by decreased cell viability after GSH-depletion, no alterations in QSOX extracellular activity, but higher QSOX nucleic immunostaining. We suggest that melanogenesis stimulation and redox impairment caused by GSH-depletion enhanced the oxidative stress in these cells, contributing to additional alterations of its metabolic adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Mazepa
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences (Biochemistry), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Hulyana Brum
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences (Biochemistry), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Eliane Merlin Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences (Biochemistry), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Sousa Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences (Biochemistry), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Regina Martinez
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences (Biochemistry), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Martinez PA, Zanata SM, Nakao LS. Caveolae-mediated endocytosis of extracellular QSOX1b modulates the migration of fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113906. [PMID: 38176465 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX1) is a secreted flavoprotein that modulates cellular proliferation, migration and adhesion, roles attributed to its ability to organize the extracellular matrix. We previously showed that exogenously added QSOX1b induces smooth muscle cells migration in a process that depends on its enzymatic activity and that is mediated by hydrogen peroxide derived from Nox1, a catalytic subunit of NAD(P)H oxidases. Here, we report that exogenous QSOX1b also stimulates the migration of L929 fibroblasts and that this effect is regulated by its endocytosis. The use of endocytosis inhibitors and caveolin 1-knockdown demonstrated that this endocytic pathway is caveola-mediated. QSOX1b colocalized with Nox1 in intracellular vesicles, as detected by confocal fluorescence, suggesting that extracellular QSOX1b is endocytosed with the transmembrane Nox1. These results reveal that endosomal QSOX1b is a novel intracellular redox regulator of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierina A Martinez
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Silvio M Zanata
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lia S Nakao
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
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Koelbel C, Ruiz Y, Wan Z, Wang S, Ho T, Lake D. Development of tandem antigen capture ELISAs measuring QSOX1 isoforms in plasma and serum. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:212-220. [PMID: 38036070 PMCID: PMC10843750 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
QSOX1 is a sulfhydryl oxidase that has been identified as a potential biomarker in multiple cancer types as well as acute decompensated heart failure. Three anti-QSOX1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated: 2F1, 3A10, and 56-3. MAbs 2F1 and 3A10 were generated against the short isoform of recombinant QSOX1 (rQSOX1-S), and mAb 56-3 was generated against a peptide (NEQEQPLGQWHLS) from the long isoform of QSOX1 (QSOX1-L). Using these mAbs, tandem antigen capture ELISAs were developed to quantify both short and long isoforms of QSOX1 (Total QSOX1 ELISA) and QSOX1-L (QSOX1-L ELISA) in serum and plasma samples. The Total QSOX1 ELISA pairs mAbs 2F1 and 3A10 and has a limit of detection of 109.5 pM, while the QSOX1-L ELISA pairs mAbs 2F1 and 56-3 and has a limit of detection of 10 pM. The levels of total QSOX1 and QSOX1-L were measured in a cohort of paired sera and plasma from 61 donors ≥40 years old and 15 donors <40 years old. No difference in QSOX1 levels was detected between QSOX1-L and QSOX1-S in serum, but the mean concentration of QSOX1-L was found to be 3.21 nM in serum and 5.63 nM in plasma (**p = 0.006). Our tandem ELISAs demonstrate the wide range of concentrations of QSOX1-L and QSOX1-S among individual serum and plasma samples. Since the epitope of mAb 2F1 was mapped to the first CxxC motif at residues C70 and C73 and mAb 56-3 was generated against NEQEQPLGQWHLS in QSOX1-L, our findings support previous research which suggested that QSOX1-L is secreted from cells despite a putative transmembrane domain. The ELISAs reported here may be a useful tool for investigating QSOX1 isoforms as potential biomarkers in cancer and/or heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Koelbel
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yvette Ruiz
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Zijian Wan
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Thai Ho
- Divison of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Douglas Lake
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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Chae HB, Bae SB, Paeng SK, Wi SD, Thi Phan KA, Lee SY. S-nitrosylation switches the Arabidopsis redox sensor protein, QSOX1, from an oxidoreductase to a molecular chaperone under heat stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108219. [PMID: 38048703 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) thiol-based redox sensor has been identified as a negative regulator of plant immunity. Here, we have found that small molecular weight proteins of QSOX1 were converted to high molecular weight (HMW) complexes upon exposure to heat stress and that this was accompanied by a switch in QSOX1 function from a thiol-reductase to a molecular chaperone. Plant treatment with S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), which causes nitrosylation of cysteine residues (S-nitrosylation), but not with H2O2, induced HMW QSOX1 complexes. Thus, functional switching of QSOX1 is induced by GSNO treatment. Accordingly, simultaneous treatment of plants with heat shock and GSNO led to a significant increase in QSOX1 chaperone activity by increasing its oligomerization. Consequently, transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing QSOX1 (QSOX1OE) showed strong resistance to heat shock, whereas qsox1 knockout plants exhibited high sensitivity to heat stress. Plant treatment with GSNO under heat stress conditions increased their resistance to heat shock. We conclude that S-nitrosylation allows the thiol-based redox sensor, QSOX1, to respond to various external stresses in multiple ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Byoung Chae
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), PMBBRC, and Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Su Bin Bae
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), PMBBRC, and Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Seol Ki Paeng
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), PMBBRC, and Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Seong Dong Wi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), PMBBRC, and Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Kieu Anh Thi Phan
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), PMBBRC, and Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), PMBBRC, and Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
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Wang X, Li TY, Geng WH, Bao Z, Qian PF, Jing LC, Bin PS, Yang ZX, Liu XL, Geng HZ. Flexible Wearable Electronic Fabrics with Dual Functions of Efficient EMI Shielding and Electric Heating for Triboelectric Nanogenerators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:22762-22776. [PMID: 37105683 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditional conductive fabrics are prepared by the synthesis of conductive polymers and the coating modification of metals or carbon black conductive materials. However, the conductive fabrics cause a significant decline in performance after washing or mechanical wear, which limits their application. Moreover, the single function of the traditional conductive fabric is also the reason that limits its wide application. In order to prepare a wearable, stable, high-performance, washable, multifunctional conductive fabric, we have carried out related research. In this work, polydopamine was used as a bonding layer, an adsorption reduction layer, and a protective layer to improve the bonding between silver nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the polyester fabric surface so as to prepare a multifunctional conductive fabric with a high-stability "sandwich" structure, in which a Ag-NPS@CNT structure acting as an intermediate conductive layer formed on the inner layer PDA@CNT by electroless silver plating and the outermost layer PDA@CNT coated on the surface of the intermediate conductive layer by the impregnation-drying method. The sheet resistance of an E-Fabric can reach 2.11 Ω/□ due to the uniform and dense conductive path formed by the special structure Ag-NPs@CNT. At a low voltage of 1.5 V, the E-Fabric can reach 117 °C in 50 s and remain stable. The electrical conductivity and current heating properties of the E-Fabric remain good even after multiple washing or bending tests. Due to its stable and outstanding electrical conductivity, the E-Fabric has an electromagnetic shielding efficiency (SET) of 35.3 dB in the X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz). In addition, E-Fabric-based spin-coated poly(methyl methacrylate) or polydimethylsiloxane electrodes exhibit excellent performance in nanogenerators. Through the low-frequency friction of the human body, transient voltages up to 4 V can be generated from a 2 cm × 2 cm electrode sample. The output power of a single generator can reach about 12 nW/cm2. Therefore, an E-Fabric is considered to have great potential in the fields of electric heating, electromagnetic shielding, and smart wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Tong-Yu Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wen-Hao Geng
- Carbon Star Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300382, China
| | - Zelong Bao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Peng-Fei Qian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Li-Chao Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Peng-Shuai Bin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xiang-Le Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hong-Zhang Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Yu HY, Gumusoglu SB, Cantonwine DE, Carusi DA, Gurnani P, Schickling B, Doss RC, Santillan MK, Rosenblatt KP, McElrath TF. Circulating microparticle proteins predict pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta spectrum. Sci Rep 2023; 12:21922. [PMID: 36604494 PMCID: PMC9814521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is characterized by abnormal attachment of the placenta to the uterus, and attempts at placental delivery can lead to catastrophic maternal hemorrhage and death. Multidisciplinary delivery planning can significantly improve outcomes; however, current diagnostics are lacking as approximately half of pregnancies with PAS are undiagnosed prior to delivery. This is a nested case-control study of 35 cases and 70 controls with the primary objective of identifying circulating microparticle (CMP) protein panels that identify pregnancies complicated by PAS. Size exclusion chromatography and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry were used for CMP protein isolation and identification, respectively. A two-step iterative workflow was used to establish putative panels. Using plasma sampled at a median of 26 weeks' gestation, five CMP proteins distinguished PAS from controls with a mean area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83. For a separate sample taken at a median of 35 weeks' gestation, the mean AUC was 0.78. In the second trimester, canonical pathway analyses demonstrate over-representation of processes related to iron homeostasis and erythropoietin signaling. In the third trimester, these analyses revealed abnormal immune function. CMP proteins classify PAS well prior to delivery and have potential to significantly reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Y Yu
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - David E Cantonwine
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela A Carusi
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark K Santillan
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IO, USA
| | - Kevin P Rosenblatt
- NX Prenatal Inc., Louisville, KY, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ashok G, Miryala SK, Saju MT, Anbarasu A, Ramaiah S. FN1 encoding fibronectin as a pivotal signaling gene for therapeutic intervention against pancreatic cancer. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1565-1580. [PMID: 35982245 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01943-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The delayed diagnosis of pancreatic cancer has resulted in rising mortality rate and low survival rate that can be circumvented using potent theranostics biomarkers. The treatment gets complicated with delayed detection resulting in lowered 5-year relative survival rate. In our present study, we employed systems biology approach to identify central genes that play crucial roles in tumor progression. Pancreatic cancer genes collected from various databases were used to construct a statistically significant interactome with 812 genes that was further analysed thoroughly using topological parameters and functional enrichment analysis. The significant genes in the network were then identified based on the maximum degree parameter. The overall survival analysis indicated through hazard ratio [HR] and gene expression [log Fold Change] across pancreatic adenocarcinoma revealed the critical role of FN1 [HR 1.4; log2(FC) 5.748], FGA [HR 0.78; log2(FC) 1.639] FGG [HR 0.9; log2(FC) 1.597], C3 [HR 1.1; log2(FC) 2.637], and QSOX1 [HR 1.4; log2(FC) 2.371]. The functional significance of the identified hub genes signified the enrichment of integrin cell surface interactions and proteoglycan syndecan-mediated cell signaling. The differential expression, low overall survival and functional significance of FN1 gene implied its possible role in controlling metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, alternate splice variants of FN1 gene showed 10 protein coding transcripts with conserved cell attachment site and functional domains indicating the variants' potential role in pancreatic cancer. The strong association of the identified hub-genes can be better directed to design potential theranostics biomarkers for metastasized pancreatic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Ashok
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.,Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Sravan Kumar Miryala
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.,Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Megha Treesa Saju
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.,Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Anand Anbarasu
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Sudha Ramaiah
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India. .,Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Millar‐Haskell CS, Sperduto JL, Slater JH, Thorpe C, Gleghorn JP. Secretion of the disulfide bond generating catalyst QSOX1 from pancreatic tumor cells into the extracellular matrix: association with extracellular vesicles and matrix proteins. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e48. [PMID: 36590238 PMCID: PMC9797115 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is a disulfide bond generating catalyst that is overexpressed in solid tumors. Expression of QSOX1 is linked to cancer cell invasion, tumor grade, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition. While the secreted version of QSOX1 is known to be present in various fluids and secretory tissues, its presence in the ECM of cancer is less understood. To characterize secreted QSOX1, we separated conditioned media based on size and density. We discovered that the majority of secreted QSOX1 resides in the EV-depleted fraction and in the soluble protein fraction. Very little QSOX1 could be detected in the EVP fraction. We used immunofluorescence to image subpopulations of EVs and found QSOX1 in Golgi-derived vesicles and medium/large vesicles, but in general, most extracellular QSOX1 was not attributed to these vesicles. Next, we quantified QSOX1 co-localization with the EV marker Alix. For the medium/large EVs, ~98% contained QSOX1 when fibronectin was used as a coating. However, on collagen coatings, only ~60% of these vesicles contained QSOX1, suggesting differences in EV cargo based on ECM coated surfaces. About 10% of small EVs co-localized with QSOX1 on every ECM protein surface except for collagen (0.64%). We next investigated adhesion of QSOX1 to ECM proteins in vitro and in situ and found that QSOX1 preferentially adheres to fibronectin, laminins, and Matrigel compared to gelatin and collagen. This mechanism was found to be, in part, mediated by the formation of mixed disulfides between QSOX1 and cysteine-rich ECM proteins. In summary, we found that QSOX1 (1) is in subpopulations of medium/large EVs, (2) seems to interact with small Alix+ EVs, and (3) adheres to cysteine-rich ECM proteins, potentially through the formation of intermediate disulfides. These observations offer significant insight into how enzymes, such as QSOX1, can facilitate matrix remodeling events in solid tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John L. Sperduto
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - John H. Slater
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Colin Thorpe
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Jason P. Gleghorn
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
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10
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Finding New Ways How to Control BACE1. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:293-318. [PMID: 35305135 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, all applications of BACE1 inhibitors failed as therapeutical targets for Alzheimer´s disease (AD) due to severe side effects. Therefore, alternative ways for treatment development are a hot research topic. The present analysis investigates BACE1 protein-protein interaction networks and attempts to solve the absence of complete knowledge about pathways involving BACE1. A bioinformatics analysis matched the functions of the non-substrate interaction network with Voltage-gated potassium channels, which also appear as top priority protein nodes. Targeting BACE1 interactions with PS1 and GGA-s, blocking of BACE1 access to APP by BRI3 and RTN-s, activation of Wnt signaling and upregulation of β-catenin, and brain delivery of the extracellular domain of p75NTR, are the main alternatives to the use of BACE 1 inhibitors highlighted by the analysis. The pathway enrichment analysis also emphasized substrates and substrate candidates with essential biological functions, which cleavage must remain controlled. They include ephrin receptors, ROBO1, ROBO2, CNTN-s, CASPR-s, CD147, CypB, TTR, APLP1/APLP2, NRXN-s, and PTPR-s. The analysis of the interaction subnetwork of BACE1 functionally related to inflammation identified a connection to three cardiomyopathies, which supports the hypothesis of the common molecular mechanisms with AD. A lot of potential shows the regulation of BACE1 activity through post-translational modifications. The interaction network of BACE1 and its phosphorylation enzyme CSNK1D functionally match the Circadian clock, p53, and Hedgehog signaling pathways. The regulation of BACE1 glycosylation could be achieved through N-acetylglucosamine transferases, α-(1→6)-fucosyltransferase, β-galactoside α-(2→6)-sialyltransferases, galactosyltransferases, and mannosidases suggested by the interaction network analysis of BACE1-MGAT3. The present analysis proposes possibilities for the alternative control of AD pathology.
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11
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Jiang T, Zheng L, Li X, Liu J, Song H, Xu Y, Dong C, Liu L, Wang H, Wang S, Wang R, Song J. Quiescin Sulfhydryl Oxidase 2 Overexpression Predicts Poor Prognosis and Tumor Progression in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Study Based on Data Mining and Clinical Verification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678770. [PMID: 34858968 PMCID: PMC8631333 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: As a member of the atypical thiol oxidase family, quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 2 (QSOX2) has been reported to play an important role in several biological processes, but the expression and function of QSOX2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive. Methods: The difference of QSOX2 expression, and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis in CRC, was analyzed by bioinformatic analysis and validated by clinical CRC specimen cohort. The functional characterization of QSOX2 was detected via in vitro and vivo experiments in CRC cell lines, while the potential signaling pathways were predicted by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Results: Our data based on bioinformatical analysis and clinical validation demonstrated that the expression of QSOX2 in CRC tissues was significantly upregulated. Additionally, the chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, and Fisher's exact test showed that QSOX2 overexpression was significantly correlated with advanced clinicopathological parameters, such as pathological stage and lymph node metastasis. The Kaplan-Meier curves and univariate Cox regression model showed that QSOX2 overexpression predicts poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in CRC patients. More importantly, multivariate Cox regression model showed that QSOX2 overexpression could serve as an independent factor for CRC patients. In vitro and vivo data showed that the proliferation and metastasis ability of CRC cells were suppressed on condition of QSOX2 inhibition. In addition, GSEA showed that the QSOX2 high expression phenotype has enriched multiple potential cancer-related signaling pathways. Conclusion: QSOX2 overexpression is strongly associated with malignant progression and poor oncological outcomes in CRC. QSOX2 might act as a novel biomarker for prognosis prediction and a new target for biotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Li
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hu Song
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chenhua Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lianyu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Renhao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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12
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Chae HB, Kim MG, Kang CH, Park JH, Lee ES, Lee SU, Chi YH, Paeng SK, Bae SB, Wi SD, Yun BW, Kim WY, Yun DJ, Mackey D, Lee SY. Redox sensor QSOX1 regulates plant immunity by targeting GSNOR to modulate ROS generation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1312-1327. [PMID: 33962063 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen signaling regulates numerous biological processes, including stress responses in plants. Redox sensors transduce reactive oxygen signals into cellular responses. Here, we present biochemical evidence that a plant quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase homolog (QSOX1) is a redox sensor that negatively regulates plant immunity against a bacterial pathogen. The expression level of QSOX1 is inversely correlated with pathogen-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Interestingly, QSOX1 both senses and regulates ROS levels by interactingn with and mediating redox regulation of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase, which, consistent with previous findings, influences reactive nitrogen-mediated regulation of ROS generation. Collectively, our data indicate that QSOX1 is a redox sensor that negatively regulates plant immunity by linking reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen signaling to limit ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Byoung Chae
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kang
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Joung Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eun Seon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Yong Hun Chi
- Plant Propagation Team, Plant Production Division, Sejong National Arboretum, Sejong 30106, Korea
| | - Seol Ki Paeng
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Su Bin Bae
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Seong Dong Wi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - David Mackey
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Department of Molecular Genetics, and Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China.
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13
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Zhang ET, Hannibal RL, Badillo Rivera KM, Song JHT, McGowan K, Zhu X, Meinhardt G, Knöfler M, Pollheimer J, Urban AE, Folkins AK, Lyell DJ, Baker JC. PRG2 and AQPEP are misexpressed in fetal membranes in placenta previa and percreta†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:244-257. [PMID: 33982062 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The obstetrical conditions placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and placenta previa are a significant source of pregnancy-associated morbidity and mortality, yet the specific molecular and cellular underpinnings of these conditions are not known. In this study, we identified misregulated gene expression patterns in tissues from placenta previa and percreta (the most extreme form of PAS) compared with control cases. By comparing this gene set with existing placental single-cell and bulk RNA-Seq datasets, we show that the upregulated genes predominantly mark extravillous trophoblasts. We performed immunofluorescence on several candidate molecules and found that PRG2 and AQPEP protein levels are upregulated in both the fetal membranes and the placental disk in both conditions. While this increased AQPEP expression remains restricted to trophoblasts, PRG2 is mislocalized and is found throughout the fetal membranes. Using a larger patient cohort with a diverse set of gestationally aged-matched controls, we validated PRG2 as a marker for both previa and PAS and AQPEP as a marker for only previa in the fetal membranes. Our findings suggest that the extraembryonic tissues surrounding the conceptus, including both the fetal membranes and the placental disk, harbor a signature of previa and PAS that is characteristic of EVTs and that may reflect increased trophoblast invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa T Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roberta L Hannibal
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Janet H T Song
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kelly McGowan
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gudrun Meinhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Knöfler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Pollheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander E Urban
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ann K Folkins
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deirdre J Lyell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julie C Baker
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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14
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Sun J, Zhou C, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Chen W, Zhou Q, Hu B, Gao D, Raatz L, Wang Z, Nelson PJ, Jiang Y, Ren N, Bruns CJ, Zhou H. Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 promotes sorafenib-induced ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by driving EGFR endosomal trafficking and inhibiting NRF2 activation. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101942. [PMID: 33770521 PMCID: PMC8024711 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is a first-line molecular-target drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its clinical effects are still limited. In this study we identify Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) acting as a cellular pro-oxidant, specifically in the context of sorafenib treatment of HCC. QSOX1 disrupts redox homoeostasis and sensitizes HCC cells to oxidative stress by inhibiting activation of the master antioxidant transcription factor NRF2. A negative correlation between QSOX1 and NRF2 expression was validated in tumor tissues from 151 HCC patients. Mechanistically, QSOX1 restrains EGF-induced EGFR activation by promoting ubiquitination-mediated degradation of EGFR and accelerating its intracellular endosomal trafficking, leading to suppression of NRF2 activity. Additionally, QSOX1 potentiates sorafenib-induced ferroptosis by suppressing NRF2 in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, the data presented identify QSOX1 as a novel candidate target for sorafenib-based combination therapeutic strategies in HCC or other EGFR-dependent tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Sun
- Liver Cancer Institute & Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, Fudan University & Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute & Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, Fudan University & Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wanyong Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, And Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital & AHS, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, And Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital & AHS, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute & Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, Fudan University & Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lisa Raatz
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Zhefang Wang
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University Clinic, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
| | - Yuchao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ning Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute & Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, Fudan University & Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System, And Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital & AHS, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Achen, Bonn, Cologne and Düsseldorf, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Haijun Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute & Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, Fudan University & Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Li C, Zuo W, Tong X, Han M, Gao R, Hu H, Lu K, Luan Y, Zhang B, Liu Y, Dai F. Whole-genome resequencing reveals loci under selection during silkworm improvement. J Anim Breed Genet 2020; 138:278-290. [PMID: 33044783 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Breeding or genetic improvement refers to the process of artificial selection following domestication; as such, it has had a major influence on modern agriculture and animal production. Improvement generally focuses on traits that greatly affect the economic performance. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis underlying improvement will contribute to the identification of genes controlling economic traits and will facilitate future crop and animal breeding. However, genome-wide study of the molecular basis underlying improvement remains rare. The silkworm is a unique, entirely domesticated economically important invertebrate; genetic improvement has had a huge effect on the silkworm regarding silk-related traits. Herein, we performed whole-genomic sequencing on local and genetically improved silkworm lines to identify the genomic regions under strong selection in silkworm breeding/improvement. By genomic-wide selective sweeping analysis, we identified 24 genomic regions with strong selection signals, eight of which contained 13 candidate genes underlying silkworm breeding. Interestingly, six of these genes were annotated with functions related to neural signal response. Among the six genes, BGIBMGA004050 encodes silkworm CREB-regulated_transcription_coactivator_1 (BmCRTC1), which was reported to be involved in energy-sensing pathways. These results suggested that improvement may have affected the nervous system of the silkworm. This research will provide new insights into the genetic basis underlying the genetic improvement of silkworms and possibly of other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weidong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minjin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kunpeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Zheng W, Liu F, Du F, Yang F, Kou X, He Y, Feng H, Fan Q, Luo E, Min H, Miao J, Cui L, Cao Y. Characterization of a Sulfhydryl Oxidase From Plasmodium berghei as a Target for Blocking Parasite Transmission. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:311. [PMID: 32670896 PMCID: PMC7332561 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX), present in a wide variety of eukaryotic species, catalyzes the insertion of disulfide bonds into unfolded, reduced proteins. Here we characterized the QSOX protein from the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei (PbQSOX), which is conserved in all sequenced malaria parasite species. The PbQSOX protein was not expressed in asexual erythrocytic stages, but was most abundantly expressed in ookinetes. Indirect immunofluorescence assays revealed PbQSOX was not only localized in cytoplasm of gametocytes, gametes and ookinetes, but also expressed on the surface of gametes and ookinetes. Western blot identified extracellular presence of PbQSOX in the culture medium of ookinetes suggestive of secretion. Pbqsox deletion (Δpbqsox) did not affect asexual intraerythrocytic development, but reduced exflagellation of male gametocytes as well as formation and maturation of ookinetes. Pbqsox deletion also led to a significant increase in the reduced thiol groups of ookinete surface proteins, suggesting that it may play a role in maintaining the integrity of disulfide bonds of surface proteins, which might be needed for ookinete development. Mosquitoes that fed on Δpbqsox-infected mice showed a significant reduction in ookinete and oocyst numbers compared to those fed on wild-type parasite-infected mice. Further, both polyclonal mouse antisera and a monoclonal antibody against the recombinant PbQSOX exhibited substantial transmission-blocking activities in in vitro and mosquito feeding assays, suggesting QSOX is a potential target for blocking parasite transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Zheng
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolian Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Du
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Kou
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Animal Quarantine, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yiwen He
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Dalian, China
| | - Enjie Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Min
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Yaming Cao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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17
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Fifield AL, Hanavan PD, Faigel DO, Sergienko E, Bobkov A, Meurice N, Petit JL, Polito A, Caulfield TR, Castle EP, Copland JA, Mukhopadhyay D, Pal K, Dutta SK, Luo H, Ho TH, Lake DF. Molecular Inhibitor of QSOX1 Suppresses Tumor Growth In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:112-122. [PMID: 31575656 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is an enzyme overexpressed by many different tumor types. QSOX1 catalyzes the formation of disulfide bonds in proteins. Because short hairpin knockdowns (KD) of QSOX1 have been shown to suppress tumor growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo, we hypothesized that chemical compounds inhibiting QSOX1 enzymatic activity would also suppress tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. High throughput screening using a QSOX1-based enzymatic assay revealed multiple potential QSOX1 inhibitors. One of the inhibitors, known as "SBI-183," suppresses tumor cell growth in a Matrigel-based spheroid assay and inhibits invasion in a modified Boyden chamber, but does not affect viability of nonmalignant cells. Oral administration of SBI-183 inhibits tumor growth in 2 independent human xenograft mouse models of renal cell carcinoma. We conclude that SBI-183 warrants further exploration as a useful tool for understanding QSOX1 biology and as a potential novel anticancer agent in tumors that overexpress QSOX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Fifield
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | | | - Douglas O Faigel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Eduard Sergienko
- Assay Development, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrey Bobkov
- Assay Development, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | - Alysia Polito
- Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Thomas R Caulfield
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Mayo Graduate School, Neurobiology of Disease, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics & Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Erik P Castle
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Krishnendu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Shamit K Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Huijun Luo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Thai H Ho
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona.
| | - Douglas F Lake
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
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18
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Valoskova K, Biebl J, Roblek M, Emtenani S, Gyoergy A, Misova M, Ratheesh A, Reis-Rodrigues P, Shkarina K, Larsen ISB, Vakhrushev SY, Clausen H, Siekhaus DE. A conserved major facilitator superfamily member orchestrates a subset of O-glycosylation to aid macrophage tissue invasion. eLife 2019; 8:e41801. [PMID: 30910009 PMCID: PMC6435326 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant display of the truncated core1 O-glycan T-antigen is a common feature of human cancer cells that correlates with metastasis. Here we show that T-antigen in Drosophila melanogaster macrophages is involved in their developmentally programmed tissue invasion. Higher macrophage T-antigen levels require an atypical major facilitator superfamily (MFS) member that we named Minerva which enables macrophage dissemination and invasion. We characterize for the first time the T and Tn glycoform O-glycoproteome of the Drosophila melanogaster embryo, and determine that Minerva increases the presence of T-antigen on proteins in pathways previously linked to cancer, most strongly on the sulfhydryl oxidase Qsox1 which we show is required for macrophage tissue entry. Minerva's vertebrate ortholog, MFSD1, rescues the minerva mutant's migration and T-antigen glycosylation defects. We thus identify a key conserved regulator that orchestrates O-glycosylation on a protein subset to activate a program governing migration steps important for both development and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Biebl
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Marko Roblek
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Shamsi Emtenani
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Attila Gyoergy
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Michaela Misova
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Aparna Ratheesh
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ida Signe Bohse Larsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Daria E Siekhaus
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
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19
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Shergalis A, Bankhead A, Luesakul U, Muangsin N, Neamati N. Current Challenges and Opportunities in Treating Glioblastoma. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:412-445. [PMID: 29669750 PMCID: PMC5907910 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, has a high mortality rate despite extensive efforts to develop new treatments. GBM exhibits both intra- and intertumor heterogeneity, lending to resistance and eventual tumor recurrence. Large-scale genomic and proteomic analysis of GBM tumors has uncovered potential drug targets. Effective and “druggable” targets must be validated to embark on a robust medicinal chemistry campaign culminating in the discovery of clinical candidates. Here, we review recent developments in GBM drug discovery and delivery. To identify GBM drug targets, we performed extensive bioinformatics analysis using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. We discovered 20 genes, BOC, CLEC4GP1, ELOVL6, EREG, ESR2, FDCSP, FURIN, FUT8-AS1, GZMB, IRX3, LITAF, NDEL1, NKX3-1, PODNL1, PTPRN, QSOX1, SEMA4F, TH, VEGFC, and C20orf166AS1 that are overexpressed in a subpopulation of GBM patients and correlate with poor survival outcomes. Importantly, nine of these genes exhibit higher expression in GBM versus low-grade glioma and may be involved in disease progression. In this review, we discuss these proteins in the context of GBM disease progression. We also conducted computational multi-parameter optimization to assess the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of small molecules in clinical trials for GBM treatment. Drug delivery in the context of GBM is particularly challenging because the BBB hinders small molecule transport. Therefore, we discuss novel drug delivery methods, including nanoparticles and prodrugs. Given the aggressive nature of GBM and the complexity of targeting the central nervous system, effective treatment options are a major unmet medical need. Identification and validation of biomarkers and drug targets associated with GBM disease progression present an exciting opportunity to improve treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Shergalis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.S., U.L., N.N.); Biostatistics Department and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.B.); and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (U.L., N.M.)
| | - Armand Bankhead
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.S., U.L., N.N.); Biostatistics Department and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.B.); and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (U.L., N.M.)
| | - Urarika Luesakul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.S., U.L., N.N.); Biostatistics Department and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.B.); and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (U.L., N.M.)
| | - Nongnuj Muangsin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.S., U.L., N.N.); Biostatistics Department and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.B.); and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (U.L., N.M.)
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.S., U.L., N.N.); Biostatistics Department and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.B.); and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (U.L., N.M.)
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20
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Sung HJ, Ahn JM, Yoon YH, Na SS, Choi YJ, Kim YI, Lee SY, Lee EB, Cho S, Cho JY. Quiescin Sulfhydryl Oxidase 1 (QSOX1) Secreted by Lung Cancer Cells Promotes Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103213. [PMID: 30336636 PMCID: PMC6214099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As lung cancer shows the highest mortality in cancer-related death, serum biomarkers are demanded for lung cancer diagnosis and its treatment. To discover lung cancer protein biomarkers, secreted proteins from primary cultured lung cancer and adjacent normal tissues from patients were subjected to LC/MS⁻MS proteomic analysis. Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX1) was selected as a biomarker candidate from the enriched proteins in the secretion of lung cancer cells. QSOX1 levels were higher in 82% (51 of 62 tissues) of lung cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Importantly, QSOX1 serum levels were significantly higher in cancer patients (p < 0.05, Area Under curve (AUC) = 0.89) when measured by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Higher levels of QSOX1 were also uniquely detected in lung cancer tissues, among several other solid cancers, by immunohistochemistry. QSOX1-knock-downed Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells were less viable from oxidative stress and reduced migration and invasion. In addition, LLC mouse models with QSOX1 knock-down also proved that QSOX1 functions in promoting cancer metastasis. In conclusion, QSOX1 might be a lung cancer tissue-derived biomarker and be involved in the promotion of lung cancers, and thus can be a therapeutic target for lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Sung
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jung-Mo Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Yeon-Hee Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sang-Su Na
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Young-Jin Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Yong-In Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Soo-Youn Lee
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics and Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Eung-Bae Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu 41944, Korea.
| | - Sukki Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea.
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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21
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Li J, Tong C, Xu P, Wang L, Han TL, Wen L, Luo X, Tan B, Zhu F, Gui S, Gao R, Qi H, Baker PN. QSOX1 regulates trophoblastic apoptosis in preeclampsia through hydrogen peroxide production. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:3708-3715. [PMID: 29712536 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1471459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE), by inducing trophoblast cell death and consequent placental dysfunction. Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is upregulated in many types of cancer cells; it promotes disulfide bond formation as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. The aims of present study are to investigate the expression pattern of QSOX1 in placentae of pregnancies complicated by PE and the role of QSOX1 in the regulation of trophoblastic function, thus providing in-depth understanding of the putative involvement of QSOX1 in the development of PE. Methods: Human term placenta from normal pregnancies and from pregnancies complicated by PE was collected to measure QSOX1 expression and H2O2 levels. Down-regulation of QSOX1 in HTR-8/SVneo cells was achieved by siRNA interference. An in vitro cellular PE model was generated by hypoxic incubation. Protein expression levels were assessed by Western blotting, and H2O2 levels were determined in the cell culture medium as well as in the cell lysate. Trophoblast apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL staining. Results: QSOX1 was overexpressed in the PE placenta. Inhibition of QSOX1 expression in HTR-8/SVneo cells attenuated cell apoptosis and intracellular H2O2 levels. Hypoxia-induced QSOX1 expression in HTR-8/SVneo cells and led to apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells, and knock-down of QSOX1 rescued hypoxia-induced trophoblast apoptosis. Conclusions: Hypoxia-induced upregulation of QSOX1 and a consequent elevation in intracellular H2O2 increased apoptosis in placentae of pregnancies complicated by PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Li
- a Department of Obstetrics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Ministry of Education of China , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Chao Tong
- a Department of Obstetrics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Ministry of Education of China , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Ping Xu
- a Department of Obstetrics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Ministry of Education of China , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Lianlian Wang
- d Department of Reproduction Health and Infertility , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- a Department of Obstetrics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Ministry of Education of China , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,e Liggins Institute, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Li Wen
- a Department of Obstetrics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Ministry of Education of China , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xiaofang Luo
- a Department of Obstetrics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Ministry of Education of China , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Bin Tan
- a Department of Obstetrics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Ministry of Education of China , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Fangyu Zhu
- a Department of Obstetrics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Ministry of Education of China , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Shunping Gui
- a Department of Obstetrics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Ministry of Education of China , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Rufei Gao
- b International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Ministry of Education of China , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,f Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- a Department of Obstetrics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,b International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Ministry of Education of China , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality , the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Philip N Baker
- b International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Ministry of Education of China , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,e Liggins Institute, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,g College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology , University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom
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22
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Baek JA, Song PH, Ko Y, Gu MJ. High expression of QSOX1 is associated with tumor invasiveness and high grades groups in prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:964-967. [PMID: 29804717 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men, and biologically shows highly heterogeneous clinical outcomes, despite early detection. Therefore, the identification of novel molecular markers that are associated with biological aggressiveness is very important for prostatic cancer clinical outcome predictions and treatment choices. Here, we investigate quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) expression and evaluate its clinicopathological significance and prognostic impact in prostate cancers, with immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. QSOX1 over-expression was observed in 12 (11.2%) of prostate cancers. High QSOX1 expression significantly associated with prostate cancer with vascular invasion, neural invasion, extra prostatic extension, higher pT stage, higher pathological tumor stage, higher prognostic grouping, and higher grades groups, but did not associated with worse overall survival. High QSOX1 expression correlates with tumor invasiveness and Gleason grade, reflects aggressive tumor features, and could be an important biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin A Baek
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 42415 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Hyun Song
- Department of Urology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 2415 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungHwii Ko
- Department of Urology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 2415 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Gu
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 42415 Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Reduced QSOX1 enhances radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3230-3241. [PMID: 29423042 PMCID: PMC5790459 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is a major cause leads to treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In our previous study, we identified that QSOX1 is a differentially expressed protein in NPC cell lines with variable radiosensitivities. The present study aimed to investigate the biological behavior of QSOX1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its effect on radiosensitivity. The levels of QSOX1 detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in radioresistant NPC patient sera and tissue samples were markedly lower than those in radiosensitive samples. Small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were employed to knock down endogenous QSOX1 expression in CNE-2 cells, and then, radiosensitivity, apoptosis, migration and invasion were assessed using colony formation, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, and transwell assays, respectively. Tumor growth and radioresistance were also evaluated using a xenograft model in nude mice. The shRNA-mediated knockdown of QSOX1 significantly increased cell survival under irradiation (IR) and weakened radiosensitivity, which was likely due to a reduction in the cell apoptosis rate after IR. Moreover, QSOX1 silencing led to the suppression of cellular migration and invasion. Similar results were obtained with the xenograft mouse model. Thus, targeting QSOX1 will provide a new avenue for increasing the sensitivity of NPC to radiotherapy.
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24
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Creaney J, Dick IM, Leon JS, Robinson BWS. A Proteomic Analysis of the Malignant Mesothelioma Secretome Using iTRAQ. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2017; 14:103-117. [PMID: 28387650 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgound/Aim: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive and fatal pleural cancer. The cell secretome offers information allowing insight into the pathogenesis of MM while offering the possibility to identify potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers. In the present study the secretome protein profile of MM cell lines was compared to normal mesothelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six MM cell lines were compared against three primary mesothelial cell culture preparations using iTRAQ® mass spectrometry. RESULTS MM cell lines more abundantly secreted exosome-associated proteins than mesothelial cells. MM cell secretomes were enriched in proteins that are involved in response to stress, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, antigen processing and presentation and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSION The MM cell secretome is enriched in proteins that are likely to enhance its growth and response to stress and help it inhibit an adaptive immune response. These are potential targets for therapeutic and biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenette Creaney
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia and Australian Mesothelioma Tissue Bank, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Ian M Dick
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Justine S Leon
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Bruce W S Robinson
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia
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25
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Rychtarcikova Z, Lettlova S, Tomkova V, Korenkova V, Langerova L, Simonova E, Zjablovskaja P, Alberich-Jorda M, Neuzil J, Truksa J. Tumor-initiating cells of breast and prostate origin show alterations in the expression of genes related to iron metabolism. Oncotarget 2017; 8:6376-6398. [PMID: 28031527 PMCID: PMC5351639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of iron in the growth and progression of tumors has been widely documented. In this report, we show that tumor-initiating cells (TICs), represented by spheres derived from the MCF7 cell line, exhibit higher intracellular labile iron pool, mitochondrial iron accumulation and are more susceptible to iron chelation. TICs also show activation of the IRP/IRE system, leading to higher iron uptake and decrease in iron storage, suggesting that level of properly assembled cytosolic iron-sulfur clusters (FeS) is reduced. This finding is confirmed by lower enzymatic activity of aconitase and FeS cluster biogenesis enzymes, as well as lower levels of reduced glutathione, implying reduced FeS clusters synthesis/utilization in TICs. Importantly, we have identified specific gene signature related to iron metabolism consisting of genes regulating iron uptake, mitochondrial FeS cluster biogenesis and hypoxic response (ABCB10, ACO1, CYBRD1, EPAS1, GLRX5, HEPH, HFE, IREB2, QSOX1 and TFRC). Principal component analysis based on this signature is able to distinguish TICs from cancer cells in vitro and also Leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) from non-LICs in the mouse model of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Majority of the described changes were also recapitulated in an alternative model represented by MCF7 cells resistant to tamoxifen (TAMR) that exhibit features of TICs. Our findings point to the critical importance of redox balance and iron metabolism-related genes and proteins in the context of cancer and TICs that could be potentially used for cancer diagnostics or therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Biological Transport
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Iron/metabolism
- Iron Chelating Agents/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- MCF-7 Cells
- Male
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria/enzymology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Phenotype
- Principal Component Analysis
- Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Spheroids, Cellular
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Rychtarcikova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Lettlova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Tomkova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Korenkova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Langerova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ekaterina Simonova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Polina Zjablovskaja
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jaroslav Truksa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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26
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QSOX1 expression is associated with aggressive tumor features and reduced survival in breast carcinomas. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:1485-1491. [PMID: 27562495 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The biological role of quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) in tumor development is not well known, and its relation to breast cancer progression and prognosis is controversial. Here, our aim was to study the expression pattern and prognostic impact of QSOX1 in breast cancer, in relation to molecular subgroups and tumor cell proliferation. We examined a population-based series as part of the prospective Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program, including all women (50-69 years) diagnosed with breast cancer in one county of Norway during 1996-2003. QSOX1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (n=458). Median follow-up time was 13 years. High expression of QSOX1 protein was associated with features of poor prognosis including high histologic grade, hormone receptor negativity, HER2 positivity, and increased tumor cell proliferation. High QSOX1 expression was further associated with reduced breast cancer-specific survival in both univariate and multivariate analysis, independent of molecular subtypes. High QSOX1 expression is a strong and independent factor of reduced survival in breast cancer, also reflected by elevated levels in more aggressive molecular subgroups. QSOX1 expression may represent a biomarker for aggressive disease and a potential treatment target.
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27
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Prolonged Exposure of Primary Human Muscle Cells to Plasma Fatty Acids Associated with Obese Phenotype Induces Persistent Suppression of Muscle Mitochondrial ATP Synthase β Subunit. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160057. [PMID: 27532680 PMCID: PMC4988792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies show reduced abundance of the β-subunit of mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase (β-F1-ATPase) in skeletal muscle of obese individuals. The β-F1-ATPase forms the catalytic core of the ATP synthase, and it is critical for ATP production in muscle. The mechanism(s) impairing β-F1-ATPase metabolism in obesity, however, are not completely understood. First, we studied total muscle protein synthesis and the translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase in obese (BMI, 36±1 kg/m2) and lean (BMI, 22±1 kg/m2) subjects. Both total protein synthesis (0.044±0.006 vs 0.066±0.006%·h-1) and translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase (0.0031±0.0007 vs 0.0073±0.0004) were lower in muscle from the obese subjects when compared to the lean controls (P<0.05). We then evaluated these same responses in a primary cell culture model, and tested the specific hypothesis that circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in obesity play a role in the responses observed in humans. The findings on total protein synthesis and translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase in primary myotubes cultured from a lean subject, and after exposure to NEFA extracted from serum of an obese subject, were similar to those obtained in humans. Among candidate microRNAs (i.e., non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression), we identified miR-127-5p in preventing the production of β-F1-ATPase. Muscle expression of miR-127-5p negatively correlated with β-F1-ATPase protein translation efficiency in humans (r = - 0.6744; P<0.01), and could be modeled in vitro by prolonged exposure of primary myotubes derived from the lean subject to NEFA extracted from the obese subject. On the other hand, locked nucleic acid inhibitor synthesized to target miR-127-5p significantly increased β-F1-ATPase translation efficiency in myotubes (0.6±0.1 vs 1.3±0.3, in control vs exposure to 50 nM inhibitor; P<0.05). Our experiments implicate circulating NEFA in obesity in suppressing muscle protein metabolism, and establish impaired β-F1-ATPase translation as an important consequence of obesity.
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28
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Hanavan PD, Borges CR, Katchman BA, Faigel DO, Ho TH, Ma CT, Sergienko EA, Meurice N, Petit JL, Lake DF. Ebselen inhibits QSOX1 enzymatic activity and suppresses invasion of pancreatic and renal cancer cell lines. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18418-28. [PMID: 26158899 PMCID: PMC4621900 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is a highly conserved disulfide bond-generating enzyme that is overexpressed in diverse tumor types. Its enzymatic activity promotes the growth and invasion of tumor cells and alters extracellular matrix composition. In a nude mouse-human tumor xenograft model, tumors containing shRNA for QSOX1 grew significantly more slowly than controls, suggesting that QSOX1 supports a proliferative phenotype in vivo. High throughput screening experiments identified ebselen as an in vitro inhibitor of QSOX1 enzymatic activity. Ebselen treatment of pancreatic and renal cancer cell lines stalled tumor growth and inhibited invasion through Matrigel in vitro. Daily oral treatment with ebselen resulted in a 58% reduction in tumor growth in mice bearing human pancreatic tumor xenografts compared to controls. Mass spectrometric analysis of ebselen-treated QSOX1 mechanistically revealed that C165 and C237 of QSOX1 covalently bound to ebselen. This report details the anti-neoplastic properties of ebselen in pancreatic and renal cancer cell lines. The results here offer a “proof-of-principle” that enzymatic inhibition of QSOX1 may have clinical relevancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Hanavan
- School of Life Sciences, Mayo Clinic Collaborative Research Building, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Chad R Borges
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin A Katchman
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Thai H Ho
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Chen-Ting Ma
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eduard A Sergienko
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas F Lake
- School of Life Sciences, Mayo Clinic Collaborative Research Building, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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The flavo-oxidase QSOX1 supports vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation: Evidence for a role in neointima growth. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1334-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is an enzyme that oxidizes thiols during protein folding, reducing molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Tumor cells may take advantage of oxidative environments at different stages of tumorigenesis, but QSOX1 may also serve additional functions in tumors. RECENT ADVANCES Several groups have reported the over-expression of QSOX1 in breast, pancreas, and prostate cancers. A consensus is building that QSOX1 over-expression is important during tumor cell invasion, facilitating tumor cell migration at the tumor-stroma interface. As such, QSOX1 may be considered a prognostic indicator of metastatic potential or even indicate that cancer is present in a host. CRITICAL ISSUES However, some controversy exists between QSOX1 as a marker of poor or favorable outcome in breast cancer. More studies are required to reveal what advantage QSOX1 provides to breast and other types of cancer. More specifically, it is critical to learn which tumor types over-express QSOX1 and use its enzymatic activity to their advantage. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As interest increases in understanding the mechanisms of tumorigenesis within the extracellular matrix and how tumor cells influence fibroblasts and other stromal cells, QSOX1 may be revealed as an important player in cancer detection and prognosis. Defining the mechanism(s) of QSOX1 activity in tumors and in in vivo models will provide important insights into how to target QSOX1 with anti-neoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas F Lake
- 1 School of Life Sciences, ASU/Mayo Clinic , Scottsdale, Arizona
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Israel BA, Jiang L, Gannon SA, Thorpe C. Disulfide bond generation in mammalian blood serum: detection and purification of quiescin-sulfhydryl oxidase. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:129-35. [PMID: 24468475 PMCID: PMC3960832 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive new plate-reader assay has been developed showing that adult mammalian blood serum contains circulating soluble sulfhydryl oxidase activity that can introduce disulfide bonds into reduced proteins with the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. The activity was purified 5000-fold to >90% homogeneity from bovine serum and found by mass spectrometry to be consistent with the short isoform of quiescin-sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1). This FAD-dependent enzyme is present at comparable activity levels in fetal and adult commercial bovine sera. Thus cell culture media that are routinely supplemented with either fetal or adult bovine sera will contain this facile catalyst of protein thiol oxidation. QSOX1 is present at approximately 25 nM in pooled normal adult human serum. Examination of the unusual kinetics of QSOX1 toward cysteine and glutathione at low micromolar concentrations suggests that circulating QSOX1 is unlikely to significantly contribute to the oxidation of these monothiols in plasma. However, the ability of QSOX1 to rapidly oxidize conformationally mobile protein thiols suggests a possible contribution to the redox status of exofacial and soluble proteins in blood plasma. Recent proteomic studies showing that plasma QSOX1 can be utilized in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and acute decompensated heart failure, together with the overexpression of this secreted enzyme in a number of solid tumors, suggest that the robust QSOX assay developed here may be useful in the quantitation of enzyme levels in a wide range of biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Israel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lingxi Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shawn A Gannon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Colin Thorpe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Poillet L, Pernodet N, Boyer-Guittaut M, Adami P, Borg C, Jouvenot M, Delage-Mourroux R, Despouy G. QSOX1 inhibits autophagic flux in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86641. [PMID: 24475161 PMCID: PMC3901705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The QSOX1 protein (Quiescin Sulfhydryl oxidase 1) catalyzes the formation of disulfide bonds and is involved in the folding and stability of proteins. More recently, QSOX1 has been associated with tumorigenesis and protection against cellular stress. It has been demonstrated in our laboratory that QSOX1 reduces proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and reduces tumor growth in vivo. In addition, QSOX1 expression has been shown to be induced by oxidative or ER stress and to prevent cell death linked to these stressors. Given the function of QSOX1 in these two processes, which have been previously linked to autophagy, we wondered whether QSOX1 might be regulated by autophagy inducers and play a role in this catabolic process. To answer this question, we used in vitro models of breast cancer cells in which QSOX1 was overexpressed (MCF-7) or extinguished (MDA-MB-231). We first showed that QSOX1 expression is induced following amino acid starvation and maintains cellular homeostasis. Our results also indicated that QSOX1 inhibits autophagy through the inhibition of autophagosome/lysosome fusion. Moreover, we demonstrated that inhibitors of autophagy mimic the effect of QSOX1 on cell invasion, suggesting that its role in this process is linked to the autophagy pathway. Previously published data demonstrated that extinction of QSOX1 promotes tumor growth in NOG mice. In this study, we further demonstrated that QSOX1 null tumors present lower levels of the p62 protein. Altogether, our results demonstrate for the first time a role of QSOX1 in autophagy in breast cancer cells and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Poillet
- Université de Franche-Comté, Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, Besançon, Doubs, France
| | - Nicolas Pernodet
- Université de Franche-Comté, Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, Besançon, Doubs, France
| | - Michaël Boyer-Guittaut
- Université de Franche-Comté, Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, Besançon, Doubs, France
| | - Pascale Adami
- Université de Franche-Comté, Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, Besançon, Doubs, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- Université de Franche-Comté, Inserm UMR 1098, Relation Hôte Greffon et Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, Doubs, France
| | - Michèle Jouvenot
- Université de Franche-Comté, Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, Besançon, Doubs, France
| | - Régis Delage-Mourroux
- Université de Franche-Comté, Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, Besançon, Doubs, France
| | - Gilles Despouy
- Université de Franche-Comté, Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, Besançon, Doubs, France
- * E-mail:
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Addicted to secrete - novel concepts and targets in cancer therapy. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:242-50. [PMID: 24456621 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) mediates the adaptation of the secretory pathway (SP) to fluctuations in cellular protein demand or to environmental variations. Recently, drug screenings have confirmed the therapeutic potential of targeting the UPR in cancer models. However, the UPR may not be the only druggable target of the SP. Moreover, recent studies have revealed other contributions of the SP to cancer development. This article does not intend to describe the well-established implication of UPR signaling pathways in cancer cell life and cell decision, but rather aims at defining the concept of 'tumor cell secretory addiction', from molecular, cellular, and therapeutic perspectives. Furthermore, the implication of UPR modulations in this context will be discussed.
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Wollaston-Hayden EE, Harris RBS, Liu B, Bridger R, Xu Y, Wells L. Global O-GlcNAc Levels Modulate Transcription of the Adipocyte Secretome during Chronic Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:223. [PMID: 25657638 PMCID: PMC4302944 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and the corresponding increase in intracellular glycosylation of proteins via O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is sufficient to induce insulin resistance (IR) in multiple systems. Previously, our group used shotgun proteomics to identify multiple rodent adipocytokines and secreted proteins whose levels are modulated upon the induction of IR by indirectly and directly modulating O-GlcNAc levels. We have validated the relative levels of several of these factors using immunoblotting. Since adipocytokines levels are regulated primarily at the level of transcription and O-GlcNAc alters the function of many transcription factors, we hypothesized that elevated O-GlcNAc levels on key transcription factors are modulating secreted protein expression. Here, we show that upon the elevation of O-GlcNAc levels and the induction of IR in mature 3T3-F442a adipocytes, the transcript levels of multiple secreted proteins reflect the modulation observed at the protein level. We validate the transcript levels in male mouse models of diabetes. Using inguinal fat pads from the severely IR db/db mouse model and the mildly IR diet-induced mouse model, we have confirmed that the secreted proteins regulated by O-GlcNAc modulation in cell culture are likewise modulated in the whole animal upon a shift to IR. By comparing the promoters of similarly regulated genes, we determine that Sp1 is a common cis-acting element. Furthermore, we show that the LPL and SPARC promoters are enriched for Sp1 and O-GlcNAc modified proteins during insulin resistance in adipocytes. Thus, the O-GlcNAc modification of proteins bound to promoters, including Sp1, is linked to adipocytokine transcription during insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith E. Wollaston-Hayden
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ruth B. S. Harris
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bingqiang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert Bridger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- *Correspondence: Lance Wells, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA e-mail:
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Israel BA, Kodali VK, Thorpe C. Going through the barrier: coupled disulfide exchange reactions promote efficient catalysis in quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:5274-84. [PMID: 24379406 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.536219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX) family of enzymes generates disulfide bonds in peptides and proteins with the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Determination of the potentials of the redox centers in Trypanosoma brucei QSOX provides a context for understanding catalysis by this facile oxidant of protein thiols. The CXXC motif of the thioredoxin domain is comparatively oxidizing (E'0 of -144 mV), consistent with an ability to transfer disulfide bonds to a broad range of thiol substrates. In contrast, the proximal CXXC disulfide in the ERV (essential for respiration and vegetative growth) domain of TbQSOX is strongly reducing (E'0 of -273 mV), representing a major apparent thermodynamic barrier to overall catalysis. Reduction of the oxidizing FAD cofactor (E'0 of -153 mV) is followed by the strongly favorable reduction of molecular oxygen. The role of a mixed disulfide intermediate between thioredoxin and ERV domains was highlighted by rapid reaction studies in which the wild-type CGAC motif in the thioredoxin domain of TbQSOX was replaced by the more oxidizing CPHC or more reducing CGPC sequence. Mixed disulfide bond formation is accompanied by the generation of a charge transfer complex with the flavin cofactor. This provides thermodynamic coupling among the three redox centers of QSOX and avoids the strongly uphill mismatch between the formal potentials of the thioredoxin and ERV disulfides. This work identifies intriguing mechanistic parallels between the eukaryotic QSOX enzymes and the DsbA/B system catalyzing disulfide bond generation in the bacterial periplasm and suggests that the strategy of linked disulfide exchanges may be exploited in other catalysts of oxidative protein folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Israel
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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Ilani T, Alon A, Grossman I, Horowitz B, Kartvelishvily E, Cohen SR, Fass D. A secreted disulfide catalyst controls extracellular matrix composition and function. Science 2013; 341:74-6. [PMID: 23704371 DOI: 10.1126/science.1238279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide bond formation in secretory proteins occurs primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where multiple enzyme families catalyze cysteine cross-linking. Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is an atypical disulfide catalyst, localized to the Golgi apparatus or secreted from cells. We examined the physiological function for extracellular catalysis of de novo disulfide bond formation by QSOX1. QSOX1 activity was required for incorporation of laminin into the extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesized by fibroblasts, and ECM produced without QSOX1 was defective in supporting cell-matrix adhesion. We developed an inhibitory monoclonal antibody against QSOX1 that could modulate ECM properties and undermine cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Ilani
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Das P, Siegers GM, Postovit LM. Illuminating luminal B: QSOX1 as a subtype-specific biomarker. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:104. [PMID: 23680167 PMCID: PMC3706943 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease that affects about one out of every eight women. In the last decade, several advancements have been made that have increased our understanding of breast cancer and have allowed us to more accurately diagnose and treat this disease in a more targeted manner. For example, gene expression profiling enabled the classification of breast cancers into four main subtypes - basal-like, HER2+ (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive), luminal A and luminal B - and this classification is used to direct the use of targeted therapies such as tamoxifen or trastuzumab. The luminal subtypes are generally characterized as being estrogen receptor-positive and targetable with anti-hormone therapies. However, whereas luminal A cancers have a good prognosis, luminal B cancers are associated with early relapse following endocrine therapy and a prognosis that is similar to that of the aggressive basal subtype. It is thus imperative that luminal B cancers be better characterized so that therapeutic targets and biomarkers for this disease type can be realized. In the previous issue of Breast Cancer Research, Katchman and colleagues address this need by demonstrating that quiescin sulfydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1), a secreted enzyme involved in post-translational modifications, is associated with poor prognosis in patients with luminal B breast cancer. The authors further determined that this protein promotes breast cancer proliferation and invasion. Collectively, these studies suggest that QSOX1 is a predictive biomarker for luminal cancers and that it may be a useful target for elusive luminal B disease.
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Katchman BA, Ocal IT, Cunliffe HE, Chang YH, Hostetter G, Watanabe A, LoBello J, Lake DF. Expression of quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 is associated with a highly invasive phenotype and correlates with a poor prognosis in Luminal B breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R28. [PMID: 23536962 PMCID: PMC3738157 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to form disulfide bonds in proteins. Tumor specific expression of QSOX1 has been reported for numerous tumor types. In this study, we investigate QSOX1 as a marker of breast tumor progression and evaluate the role of QSOX1 as it relates to breast tumor growth and metastasis. Methods Correlation of QSOX1 expression with breast tumor grade, subtype and estrogen receptor (ER) status was gathered through informatic analysis using the "Gene expression based Outcome for Breast cancer Online" (GOBO) web-based tool. Expression of QSOX1 protein in breast tumors tissue microarray (TMA) and in a panel of breast cancer cell lines was used to confirm our informatics analysis. To investigate malignant cell mechanisms for which QSOX1 might play a key role, we suppressed QSOX1 protein expression using short hairpin (sh) RNA in ER+ Luminal A-like MCF7, ER+ Luminal B-like BT474 and ER- Basal-like BT549 breast cancer cell lines. Results GOBO analysis revealed high levels of QSOX1 RNA expression in ER+ subtypes of breast cancer. In addition, Kaplan Meyer analyses revealed QSOX1 RNA as a highly significant predictive marker for both relapse and poor overall survival in Luminal B tumors. We confirmed this finding by evaluation of QSOX1 protein expression in breast tumors and in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Expression of QSOX1 in breast tumors correlates with increasing tumor grade and high Ki-67 expression. Suppression of QSOX1 protein slowed cell proliferation as well as dramatic inhibition of MCF7, BT474 and BT549 breast tumor cells from invading through Matrigel™ in a modified Boyden chamber assay. Inhibition of invasion could be rescued by the exogenous addition of recombinant QSOX1. Gelatin zymography indicated that QSOX1 plays an important role in the function of MMP-9, a key mediator of breast cancer invasive behavior. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that QSOX1 is a novel biomarker for risk of relapse and poor survival in Luminal B breast cancer, and has a pro-proliferative and pro-invasive role in malignant progression partly mediated through a decrease in MMP-9 functional activity.
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Soloviev M, Esteves MP, Amiri F, Crompton MR, Rider CC. Elevated transcription of the gene QSOX1 encoding quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1 in breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57327. [PMID: 23460839 PMCID: PMC3583868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The q arm of chromosome 1 is frequently amplified at the gene level in breast cancer. Since the significance of this is unclear we investigated whether 1q genes are overexpressed in this disease. The cDNA levels of 1q-located genes were analysed in a search for overexpressed genes. 26 genes mapping to the 1q arm show highly significant (P≤0.01) overexpression of transcripts in breast cancer compared to normal breast tissue. Amongst those showing the highest levels of overexpression in both expressed sequence tag (EST) and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) databases was enzyme quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1). We investigated QSOX1 cDNA derived from T47D breast carcinoma cells by RT-PCR and 3′-RACE PCR and identified a novel extended form of QSOX1 transcript, containing a long 3′UTR, nearly double the size of the previously reported QSOX1 cDNA, and confirmed its 3′ end nucleotide sequence using RACE-PCR. We also used quantitative real-time PCR to analyse a panel of cDNAs derived from 50 clinically-graded normal and malignant breast tissue samples for the expression of QSOX1 mRNAs. QSOX1 transcription was elevated in an increasing proportion in the grade 2 and grade 3 tumours (graded according to the Nottingham prognostic index), with 10 of the 15 grade 3 tumours (67%) examined exceeding the normal range. There was a significant correlation between relative transcript level and clinical grade (P≤0.01) for all qPCR primer sets tested. QSOX1 mRNA levels, based on SAGE expression data, did not correlate with either Estrogen Receptor (ER) or Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (ErbB-2 or HER2/neu) expression. Our data indicate that QSOX1 is a potential new prognostic marker which may prove of use in the staging of breast tumours and the stratification of breast cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Expressed Sequence Tags
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Open Reading Frames/genetics
- Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors/genetics
- Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors/metabolism
- Protein Biosynthesis/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription, Genetic
- Up-Regulation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Soloviev
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Pernodet N, Hermetet F, Adami P, Vejux A, Descotes F, Borg C, Adams M, Pallandre JR, Viennet G, Esnard F, Jouvenot M, Despouy G. High expression of QSOX1 reduces tumorogenesis, and is associated with a better outcome for breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R136. [PMID: 23098186 PMCID: PMC4053115 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The gene quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase 1, QSOX1, encodes an enzyme directed to the secretory pathway and excreted into the extracellular space. QSOX1 participates in the folding and stability of proteins and thus could regulate the biological activity of its substrates in the secretory pathway and/or outside the cell. The involvement of QSOX1 in oncogenesis has been studied primarily in terms of its differential expression in systemic studies. QSOX1 is overexpressed in prostate cancers and in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In contrast, QSOX1 gene expression is repressed in endothelial tumors. In the present study, we investigated the role of QSOX1 in breast cancer. Methods We analyzed QSOX1 mRNA expression in a cohort of 217 invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast. Moreover, we investigated QSOX1's potential role in regulating tumor growth and metastasis using cellular models in which we overexpressed or extinguished QSOX1 and xenograft experiments. Results We showed that the QSOX1 expression level is inversely correlated to the aggressiveness of breast tumors. Our results show that QSOX1 leads to a decrease in cell proliferation, clonogenic capacities and promotes adhesion to the extracellular matrix. QSOX1 also reduces the invasive potential of cells by reducing cell migration and decreases the activity of the matrix metalloproteinase, MMP-2, involved in these mechanisms. Moreover, in vivo experiments show that QSOX1 drastically reduces the tumor development. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that QSOX1 could be posited as a new biomarker of good prognosis in breast cancer and demonstrate that QSOX1 inhibits human breast cancer tumorogenesis.
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Patent Highlights. Pharm Pat Anal 2012. [DOI: 10.4155/ppa.12.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of recent key developments in the patent literature of relevance to the advancement of pharmaceutical and medical R&D
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Mebazaa A, Vanpoucke G, Thomas G, Verleysen K, Cohen-Solal A, Vanderheyden M, Bartunek J, Mueller C, Launay JM, Van Landuyt N, D'Hondt F, Verschuere E, Vanhaute C, Tuytten R, Vanneste L, De Cremer K, Wuyts J, Davies H, Moerman P, Logeart D, Collet C, Lortat-Jacob B, Tavares M, Laroy W, Januzzi JL, Samuel JL, Kas K. Unbiased plasma proteomics for novel diagnostic biomarkers in cardiovascular disease: identification of quiescin Q6 as a candidate biomarker of acutely decompensated heart failure. Eur Heart J 2012; 33:2317-24. [PMID: 22733835 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Biochemical marker testing has improved the evaluation and management of patients with cardiovascular diseases over the past decade. Natriuretic peptides (NPs), used in clinical practice to assess cardiac dysfunction, exhibit many limitations, however. We used an unbiased proteomics approach for the discovery of novel diagnostic plasma biomarkers of heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS A proteomics pipeline adapted for very low-abundant plasma proteins was applied to clinical samples from patients admitted with acute decompensated HF (ADHF). Quiescin Q6 (QSOX1), a protein involved in the formation of disulfide bridges, emerged as the best performing marker for ADHF (with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.79-0.92), and novel isoforms of NPs were also identified. Diagnostic performance of QSOX1 for ADHF was confirmed in 267 prospectively collected subjects of whom 76 had ADHF. Combining QSOX1 to B-type NP (BNP) significantly improved diagnostic accuracy for ADHF by particularly improving specificity. Using thoracic aortic constriction in rats, QSOX1 was specifically induced within both left atria and ventricles at the time of HF onset. CONCLUSION The novel biomarker QSOX1 accurately identifies ADHF, particularly when combined with BNP. Through both clinical and experimental studies we provide lines of evidence for a link between ADHF and cardiovascular production of QSOX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mebazaa
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, U942 Inserm, Paris Diderot University, Lariboisière Hospital, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France.
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Codding JA, Israel BA, Thorpe C. Protein substrate discrimination in the quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX) family. Biochemistry 2012; 51:4226-35. [PMID: 22582951 DOI: 10.1021/bi300394w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This work explores the substrate specificity of the quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX) family of disulfide-generating flavoenzymes to provide enzymological context for investigation of the physiological roles of these facile catalysts of oxidative protein folding. QSOX enzymes are generally unable to form disulfide bonds within well-structured proteins. Use of a temperature-sensitive mutant of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 4 (Ubc4') as a model substrate shows that QSOX activity correlates with the unfolding of Ubc4' monitored by circular dichroism. Fusion of Ubc4' with the more stable glutathione-S-transferase domain demonstrates that QSOX can selectively introduce disulfides into the less stable domain of the fusion protein. In terms of intermolecular disulfide bond generation, QSOX is unable to cross-link well-folded globular proteins via their surface thiols. However, the construction of a septuple mutant of RNase A, retaining a single cysteine residue, demonstrates that flexible protein monomers can be directly coupled by the oxidase. Steady- and pre-steady-state kinetic experiments, combined with static fluorescence approaches, indicate that while QSOX is an efficient catalyst for disulfide bond formation between mobile elements of structure, it does not appear to have a significant binding site for unfolded proteins. These aspects of protein substrate discrimination by QSOX family members are rationalized in terms of the stringent steric requirements for disulfide exchange reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Codding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-2522, USA
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Sevier CS. Erv2 and quiescin sulfhydryl oxidases: Erv-domain enzymes associated with the secretory pathway. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:800-8. [PMID: 22142242 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Members of the Erv/ALR/QSOX protein family contain an Erv sequence module and catalyze protein disulfide bond formation. Erv enzymes impact protein function within and outside cells that affects both normal and malignant cell growth. This protein family is named for its founding members: Erv1 (essential for respiratory and vegetative growth 1) and ALR (augmenter of liver regeneration), homologous mitochondrial proteins from yeast and mammals, respectively, and QSOX (quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase), an oxidase secreted from quiescent cells. This review will focus on a subset of Erv proteins that are localized within the secretory pathway: Erv2-like proteins, proteins present in the endoplasmic reticulum of fungi, and QSOX proteins, proteins localized within the secretory pathway and extracellular space and present in most eukaryotes, but not fungi. RECENT ADVANCES A wealth of structural and biochemical data has been obtained for Erv2 and QSOX proteins. These data have identified a generally conserved catalytic mechanism and structure for the Erv2 and QSOX proteins with unique features for each enzyme. CRITICAL ISSUES Many fundamental questions remain about the activity for these proteins in living cells including the partners, pathways, and locations utilized by these enzymes in vivo. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A more comprehensive understanding of the cellular roles for Erv2 and QSOX enzymes will require identification of their partners and substrates. Also, determining when Erv2 and QSOX function during growth and development, and how changes in levels of active Erv2 and QSOX impact cell function, is necessary to facilitate a better understanding of these intriguing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn S Sevier
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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