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Niu X, Liu W, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhang J, Li B, Qiu Y, Zhao P, Wang Z, Wang Z. Cancer plasticity in therapy resistance: Mechanisms and novel strategies. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 76:101114. [PMID: 38924995 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Therapy resistance poses a significant obstacle to effective cancer treatment. Recent insights into cell plasticity as a new paradigm for understanding resistance to treatment: as cancer progresses, cancer cells experience phenotypic and molecular alterations, corporately known as cell plasticity. These alterations are caused by microenvironment factors, stochastic genetic and epigenetic changes, and/or selective pressure engendered by treatment, resulting in tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. Increasing evidence suggests that cancer cells display remarkable intrinsic plasticity and reversibly adapt to dynamic microenvironment conditions. Dynamic interactions between cell states and with the surrounding microenvironment form a flexible tumor ecosystem, which is able to quickly adapt to external pressure, especially treatment. Here, this review delineates the formation of cancer cell plasticity (CCP) as well as its manipulation of cancer escape from treatment. Furthermore, the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms driving CCP that promote the development of therapy resistance is summarized. Novel treatment strategies, e.g., inhibiting or reversing CCP is also proposed. Moreover, the review discusses the multiple lines of ongoing clinical trials globally aimed at ameliorating therapy resistance. Such advances provide directions for the development of new treatment modalities and combination therapies against CCP in the context of therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Niu
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Experimental Center of BIOQGene, YuanDong International Academy Of Life Sciences, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Medical Oncology Department of Thoracic Cancer (2), Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Yinling Zhang
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy 1, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Digestive Diseases 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Zhongmiao Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China.
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Li L, Zhao L, Yang J, Zhou L. Multifaceted effects of LRP6 in cancer: exploring tumor development, immune modulation and targeted therapies. Med Oncol 2024; 41:180. [PMID: 38898247 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-related protein 6 (LRP6), a member of the LDLR superfamily of cell surface receptors, is most widely known as a crucial co-receptor in the activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This signaling pathway is implicated in multiple biological processes, such as lipoprotein metabolism, protease regulation, cell differentiation, and migration. LRP6 is frequently overexpressed in a variety of tumors, including liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer, and is generally considered an oncogene that promotes tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, there are exceptions; some studies have reported that LRP6 inhibits lung metastasis of breast cancer through its ectodomain (LRP6N), and patients with low LRP6 expression tend to have a poor prognosis. Thus, the role of LRP6 in tumors remains controversial. Although limited studies have shown that LRP6 is associated with the expression and roles of a variety of immune cells in tumors, the interaction of LRP6 with the tumor microenvironment (TME) is not fully understood. Furthermore, it is crucial to acknowledge that LRP6 can engage with alternative pathways, including the mTORC1, CXCL12/CXCR4, and KRAS signaling pathways mentioned earlier, resulting in the regulation of biological functions independent of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Due to the potential of LRP6 as a molecular target for cancer therapy, various treatment modalities have been developed to directly or indirectly inhibit LRP6 function, demonstrating promising anti-cancer effects across multiple cancer types. This review will concentrate on exploring the expression, function, and potential therapeutic applications of LRP6 in different cancer types, along with its influence on the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Cytogenetics and Immunology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Genetic Study of Hematopathy, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincai Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanxia Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Cytogenetics and Immunology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Genetic Study of Hematopathy, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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Xue W, Zhu B, Zhao K, Huang Q, Luo H, Shou Y, Huang Z, Guo H. Targeting LRP6: A new strategy for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107200. [PMID: 38710241 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Targeting specific molecular drivers of tumor growth is a key approach in cancer therapy. Among these targets, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), a vital component of the Wnt signaling pathway, has emerged as an intriguing candidate. As a cell-surface receptor and vital co-receptor, LRP6 is frequently overexpressed in various cancer types, implicating its pivotal role in driving tumor progression. The pursuit of LRP6 as a target for cancer treatment has gained substantial traction, offering a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention. Here, this comprehensive review explores recent breakthroughs in our understanding of LRP6's functions and underlying molecular mechanisms, providing a profound discussion of its involvement in cancer pathogenesis and drug resistance. Importantly, we go beyond discussing LRP6's role in cancer by discussing diverse potential therapeutic approaches targeting this enigmatic protein. These approaches encompass a wide spectrum, including pharmacological agents, natural compounds, non-coding RNAs, epigenetic factors, proteins, and peptides that modulate LRP6 expression or disrupt its interactions. In addition, also discussed the challenges associated with developing LRP6 inhibitors and their advantages over Wnt inhibitors, as well as the drugs that have entered phase II clinical trials. By shedding light on these innovative strategies, we aim to underscore LRP6's significance as a valuable and multifaceted target for cancer treatment, igniting enthusiasm for further research and facilitating translation into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Bioactive Molecules&College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Department of Pharmacy, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Kaili Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Bioactive Molecules&College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qiuju Huang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Bioactive Molecules&College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yiwen Shou
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Bioactive Molecules&College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhaoquan Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Bioactive Molecules&College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Bhat GR, Sethi I, Sadida HQ, Rah B, Mir R, Algehainy N, Albalawi IA, Masoodi T, Subbaraj GK, Jamal F, Singh M, Kumar R, Macha MA, Uddin S, Akil ASAS, Haris M, Bhat AA. Cancer cell plasticity: from cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms to tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:197-228. [PMID: 38329598 PMCID: PMC11016008 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease displaying a variety of cell states and phenotypes. This diversity, known as cancer cell plasticity, confers cancer cells the ability to change in response to their environment, leading to increased tumor diversity and drug resistance. This review explores the intricate landscape of cancer cell plasticity, offering a deep dive into the cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon. Cancer cell plasticity is intertwined with processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the acquisition of stem cell-like features. These processes are pivotal in the development and progression of tumors, contributing to the multifaceted nature of cancer and the challenges associated with its treatment. Despite significant advancements in targeted therapies, cancer cell adaptability and subsequent therapy-induced resistance remain persistent obstacles in achieving consistent, successful cancer treatment outcomes. Our review delves into the array of mechanisms cancer cells exploit to maintain plasticity, including epigenetic modifications, alterations in signaling pathways, and environmental interactions. We discuss strategies to counteract cancer cell plasticity, such as targeting specific cellular pathways and employing combination therapies. These strategies promise to enhance the efficacy of cancer treatments and mitigate therapy resistance. In conclusion, this review offers a holistic, detailed exploration of cancer cell plasticity, aiming to bolster the understanding and approach toward tackling the challenges posed by tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. As articulated in this review, the delineation of cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms underlying tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance seeks to contribute substantially to the progress in cancer therapeutics and the advancement of precision medicine, ultimately enhancing the prospects for effective cancer treatment and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gh Rasool Bhat
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Itty Sethi
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bilal Rah
- Iron Biology Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseh Algehainy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Farrukh Jamal
- Dr. Rammanohar, Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Laboratory Animal Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Laboratory Animal Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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Abstract
The Wnt pathway is central to a host of developmental and disease-related processes. The remarkable conservation of this intercellular signaling cascade throughout metazoan lineages indicates that it coevolved with multicellularity to regulate the generation and spatial arrangement of distinct cell types. By regulating cell fate specification, mitotic activity, and cell polarity, Wnt signaling orchestrates development and tissue homeostasis, and its dysregulation is implicated in developmental defects, cancer, and degenerative disorders. We review advances in our understanding of this key pathway, from Wnt protein production and secretion to relay of the signal in the cytoplasm of the receiving cell. We discuss the evolutionary history of this pathway as well as endogenous and synthetic modulators of its activity. Finally, we highlight remaining gaps in our knowledge of Wnt signal transduction and avenues for future research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biochemistry, Volume 91 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Youngsoo Rim
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute and Oncode Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Nusse
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
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Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway is a rich and complex network of cellular proteins that orchestrates diverse short-range cell-to-cell communication in metazoans and is essential for both embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Due to its fundamental importance in controlling cell behaviour at multiple levels, its deregulation is associated with a wide range of diseases in humans and identification of drugs targeting the pathway has attracted strong interest in the pharmaceutical sector. Transduction of WNT signals across the plasma membrane of cells involves a staggering degree of complexity and variety with respect to ligand-receptor, receptor-receptor and receptor-co-receptor interactions (Niehrs, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 13:767-779, 2012). Although the low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-related-protein (LRP) family is best known for its role in binding and endocytosis of lipoproteins, specific members appear to have additional roles in cellular communication. Indeed, for WNT/β-catenin signalling one apparently universal requirement is the presence of either LRP5 or LRP6 in combination with one of the ten Frizzled (FZD) WNT receptors (FZD1-10). In the 20 years since their discovery as WNT/FZD co-receptors, research on the LRP family has contributed greatly to our understanding of WNT signalling and LRPs have emerged as central players in WNT/β-catenin signalling. LRP5/6 are highly similar and represent the least redundant class of WNT receptor that transduce WNT/β-catenin signalling from a wide range of different WNT and FZD subtypes. This apparent simplicity however belies the complex arrangement of binding sites in the extracellular domain (ECD) of LRP5/6, which regulate interaction not only with WNTs but also with several inhibitors of WNT signalling. This chapter provides a historical overview, chronologically charting this remarkable progress in the field during the last 20 years of research on LRPs and their role in WNT/-catenin signalling. A more focused overview of the structural, functional and mechanistic aspects of LRP biology is also provided, together with the implications this has for pharmacological targeting of this notoriously intractable pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Davidson
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBSC-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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Enayatkhani M, Salimi M, Azadmanesh K, Teimoori-Toolabi L. In-silico identification of new inhibitors for Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein6 (LRP6). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:4440-4450. [PMID: 33351722 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1857843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) is an important therapeutic target for diseases such as osteoporosis, Alzheimer, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. Computational methods such as ligand-based and structure-based virtual screening have been introduced as an extremely efficient and accurate tool for finding new drug targets and candidates. In this study, we aimed to screen the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Diversity Set II and parts of the ZINC database by virtual screening to identify potential and safe compounds that can inhibit the LRP6 protein. By utilizing various screening methods such as rigid and flexible molecular docking and Lipinski's rule of five, we identified 10 potential compounds. Then, their validity was further tested by molecular dynamics simulation and MMPBSA binding free energy calculations. Eventually, it was concluded that ZINC03954520, ZINC01729523, ZINC03898665, ZINC13152226, ZINC26730911 and ZINC01069082 compounds can be potential drug compounds for inhibiting LRP6 protein. These compounds in complex with β-propeller domains of LRP6 showed that they are capable of altering the backbone of these domains and interfere with their structural dynamics which may lead to the inhibition of the signal transmission. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Enayatkhani
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Salimi
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Balibegloo M, Rezaei N. Development and clinical application of bispecific antibody in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:689-709. [PMID: 32536227 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1783249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of colorectal cancer as one of the most commonly diagnosed and a frequent cause of cancer-related deaths is of great challenges in health-related issues. AREAS COVERED Immunotherapy is the fourth pillar of cancer treatment which provides more novel therapeutic options with expanding investigational potentials. One of the modalities in immunotherapy is the use of bispecific antibodies. Despite demonstrating many promising roles, it still needs more advanced studies to identify the actual pros and cons. In this review, the application of bispecific antibody in the treatment of colorectal cancer has been explained, based on preclinical and clinical studies. The literature search was conducted mainly through PubMed in June and September 2019. EXPERT OPINION Bispecific antibody is in its early stages in colorectal cancer treatment, requiring modern technologies in manufacturing, better biomarkers and more specific target antigens, more studies on individual genetic variations, and conducting later phase clinical trials and systematic reviews to achieve better survival benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Balibegloo
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN) , Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN) , Tehran, Iran
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Chen H, Lu C, Ouyang B, Zhang H, Huang Z, Bhatia D, Lee SJ, Shah D, Sura A, Yeh WC, Li Y. Development of Potent, Selective Surrogate WNT Molecules and Their Application in Defining Frizzled Requirements. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:598-609.e4. [PMID: 32220333 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
WNTs regulate myriad biological processes during embryonic development and are key regulators of stem cell function, tissue homeostasis, and injury repair in adults. The creation of WNT-based therapies has been hampered by challenges in developing soluble, potent, and selective WNT molecules. Soluble WNT surrogates have been reported, but they demonstrate relatively weak WNT signaling activity. Here, we describe a platform for potent, selective WNT surrogate generation. We identify multivalent binding to Frizzleds (FZDs) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins (LRPs) to be a requirement for maximal WNT/β-catenin activation. Furthermore, we show that recruitment of two different FZDs together with LRP causes efficient signaling. Surrogate WNT targeting either FZD1,2,7 or FZD5,8 induces expansive growth of intestinal organoids. This flexible WNT surrogate platform yields potent agonists with any desired receptor specificity and will be useful for research and therapeutic applications for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Surrozen Inc., 171 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Chenggang Lu
- Surrozen Inc., 171 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Brian Ouyang
- Surrozen Inc., 171 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Haili Zhang
- Surrozen Inc., 171 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zhong Huang
- Surrozen Inc., 171 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Diksha Bhatia
- Surrozen Inc., 171 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sung-Jin Lee
- Surrozen Inc., 171 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Darshini Shah
- Surrozen Inc., 171 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Asmiti Sura
- Surrozen Inc., 171 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wen-Chen Yeh
- Surrozen Inc., 171 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Surrozen Inc., 171 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Boumahdi S, de Sauvage FJ. The great escape: tumour cell plasticity in resistance to targeted therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:39-56. [PMID: 31601994 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The success of targeted therapies in cancer treatment has been impeded by various mechanisms of resistance. Besides the acquisition of resistance-conferring genetic mutations, reversible mechanisms that lead to drug tolerance have emerged. Plasticity in tumour cells drives their transformation towards a phenotypic state that no longer depends on the drug-targeted pathway. These drug-refractory cells constitute a pool of slow-cycling cells that can either regain drug sensitivity upon treatment discontinuation or acquire permanent resistance to therapy and drive relapse. In the past few years, cell plasticity has emerged as a mode of targeted therapy evasion in various cancers, ranging from prostate and lung adenocarcinoma to melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. Our understanding of the mechanisms that control this phenotypic switch has also expanded, revealing the crucial role of reprogramming factors and chromatin remodelling. Further deciphering the molecular basis of tumour cell plasticity has the potential to contribute to new therapeutic strategies which, combined with existing anticancer treatments, could lead to deeper and longer-lasting clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane Boumahdi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Zhao Q, Bi Y, Zhong J, Ren Z, Liu Y, Jia J, Yu M, Tan Y, Zhang Q, Yu X. Pristimerin suppresses colorectal cancer through inhibiting inflammatory responses and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 386:114813. [PMID: 31715269 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pristimerin, a triterpenoid, has exhibited potential anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of pristimerin in intestinal inflammation and colon cancer require further investigation. Here, we found that pristimerin protected mice from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, restoring epithelial damage and reducing tissue inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration. In addition, pristimerin dramatically reduced the number and size of the tumors in a azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) model. Furthermore, we found that pristimerin suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling by RNA-Seq. Pristimerin inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling via activation of GSK3β, thereby suppressing Wnt target gene expression in colon cancer HCT116 and HT-29 cells. In HCT116 colon cancer xenografts and APCmin/+ mice, which undergo spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis, administration of pristimerin reduced the tumor progression and decreased the expression of phosphorylated GSK3β Ser 9, β-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-Myc. These results suggest that pristimerin is a potent agent for preventing colon inflammation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Yun Bi
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Ziting Ren
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Yingxiang Liu
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Junjun Jia
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Mengting Yu
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Qiufang Zhang
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
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12
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A Role for the WNT Co-Receptor LRP6 in Pathogenesis and Therapy of Epithelial Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081162. [PMID: 31412666 PMCID: PMC6721565 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway controls stem and progenitor cell proliferation, survival and differentiation in epithelial tissues. Aberrant stimulation of this pathway is therefore frequently observed in cancers from epithelial origin. For instance, colorectal and hepatic cancers display activating mutations in the CTNNB1 gene encoding β-catenin, or inactivating APC and AXIN gene mutations. However, these mutations are uncommon in breast and pancreatic cancers despite nuclear β-catenin localization, indicative of pathway activation. Notably, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), an indispensable co-receptor for WNT, is frequently overexpressed in colorectal, liver, breast and pancreatic adenocarcinomas in association with increased WNT/β -catenin signaling. Moreover, LRP6 is hyperphosphorylated in KRAS-mutated cells and in patient-derived colorectal tumours. Polymorphisms in the LRP6 gene are also associated with different susceptibility to developing specific types of lung, bladder and colorectal cancers. Additionally, recent observations suggest that LRP6 dysfunction may be involved in carcinogenesis. Indeed, reducing LRP6 expression and/or activity inhibits cancer cell proliferation and delays tumour growth in vivo. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the biological function and regulation of LRP6 in the development of epithelial cancers—especially colorectal, liver, breast and pancreatic cancers.
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13
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Zhang J, Chen J, Wo D, Yan H, Liu P, Ma E, Li L, Zheng L, Chen D, Yu Z, Liang C, Peng J, Ren DN, Zhu W. LRP6 Ectodomain Prevents SDF-1/CXCR4-Induced Breast Cancer Metastasis to Lung. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4832-4845. [PMID: 31010839 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung metastasis is an important cause of breast cancer-related deaths, in which SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway plays a critical role. Single transmembrane protein LRP6 is viewed as an oncogene via activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our work aims to investigate the relationship between SDF-1/CXCR4 and LRP6 in breast cancer lung metastasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined the expressions and functions of SDF-1/CXCR4 and LRP6 as well as their relationship in breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS LRP6 ectodomain (LRP6N) directly bound to CXCR4 and competitively prevented SDF-1 binding to CXCR4. LRP6N prevented SDF-1/CXCR4-induced metastasis to lung and prolonged survival in mice bearing breast tumors, whereas LRP6 knockdown activated SDF-1/CXCR4 signal transduction and promoted lung metastasis and tumor death. Furthermore, patients with breast cancer with high CXCR4 expression had poor prognosis, which was exacerbated by low LRP6 expression but improved by high LRP6 expression. Interestingly, a secreted LRP6N was found in the serum of mice and humans, which was downregulated by the onset of cancer metastasis in both mice bearing breast cancer as well as in patients with breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS LRP6N might be a promising diagnostic marker for the early detection of breast cancer metastasis as well as an inhibitor of SDF-1/CXCR4-induced breast cancer metastasis. LRP6N also provides an interesting link between Wnt signaling and SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling, the two key pathways involved in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Heart Failure Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxiao Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Wo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Yan
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Heart Failure Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Heart Failure Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - En Ma
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Heart Failure Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Limei Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Heart Failure Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Heart Failure Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daxin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatric, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Heart Failure Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunli Liang
- Department of Surgery East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatric, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Dan-Ni Ren
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatric, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Weidong Zhu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Heart Failure Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Anti-LRP5/6 VHHs promote differentiation of Wnt-hypersensitive intestinal stem cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:365. [PMID: 30664649 PMCID: PMC6341108 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt-induced β-catenin-mediated transcription is a driving force for stem cell self-renewal during adult tissue homeostasis. Enhanced Wnt receptor expression due to mutational inactivation of the ubiquitin ligases RNF43/ZNRF3 recently emerged as a leading cause for cancer development. Consequently, targeting canonical Wnt receptors such as LRP5/6 holds great promise for treatment of such cancer subsets. Here, we employ CIS display technology to identify single-domain antibody fragments (VHH) that bind the LRP6 P3E3P4E4 region with nanomolar affinity and strongly inhibit Wnt3/3a-induced β-catenin-mediated transcription in cells, while leaving Wnt1 responses unaffected. Structural analysis reveal that individual VHHs variably employ divergent antigen-binding regions to bind a similar surface in the third β-propeller of LRP5/6, sterically interfering with Wnt3/3a binding. Importantly, anti-LRP5/6 VHHs block the growth of Wnt-hypersensitive Rnf43/Znrf3-mutant intestinal organoids through stem cell exhaustion and collective terminal differentiation. Thus, VHH-mediated targeting of LRP5/6 provides a promising differentiation-inducing strategy for treatment of Wnt-hypersensitive tumors.
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15
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Liu Q, Zhao Y, Xing H, Li L, Li R, Dai J, Li Q, Fang S. The role of R-spondin 1 through activating Wnt/β-catenin in the growth, survival and migration of ovarian cancer cells. Gene 2018; 689:124-130. [PMID: 30572097 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin has been shown to promote progression in various cancers, including ovarian cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in Wnt/β-catenin activation are not well elucidated. In the work, we identify that R-spondin 1 is an upstream regulator in Wnt/β-catenin pathway to promote growth, survival and migration in ovarian cancer cells. We observe the upregulation of transcript and protein levels of R-spondin 1 in ovarian cancer cell lines and tissues compared to normal counterparts. R-spondin 1 upregulation via genetic (overexpression) and pharmacological (recombinant protein) approaches facilitates growth and migration of normal ovarian cells. R-spondin 1 downregulation via siRNA knockdown decreases proliferation and migration, and induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, recombinant R-spondin 1 protects ovarian cancer cell against chemotherapy whereas R-spondin 1 knockdown sensitizes ovarian cancer cell response to chemotherapy. Importantly, increased β-catenin activities and mRNA expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin-targeted genes are detected in normal ovarian cells overexpressing R-spondin 1. In contrast, R-spondin 1 inhibition suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ovarian cancer cells. We further identify that R-spondin 1 regulates ovarian cancer biological activities via activating Wnt/β-catenin. Our work is the first to highlight the critical roles of R-spondin 1 in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance. Our work also provides a proper understanding on the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Hui Xing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Rongxia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China.
| | - Shanshan Fang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China.
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16
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Zhang Y, Pan X, Yu X, Li L, Qu H, Li S. MicroRNA-590-3p inhibits trophoblast-dependent maternal spiral artery remodeling by repressing low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:1124-1133. [PMID: 30411539 PMCID: PMC6305632 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The remodeling of maternal spiral artery following embryo implantation, which relies on well‐regulated trophoblast functions, is a pivotal process to ensure a successful pregnancy. Low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 6 (LRP6) and microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are suggested to be involved in angiogenesis and several vascular diseases; however, their functions in the control of trophoblast remain elusive. We therefore aimed to examine the roles of LRP6 and miR‐590‐3p in the regulation of trophoblast during the remodeling of maternal spiral artery. Methods HTR‐8/SVneo cell, a trophoblast cell line, was utilized to study the effects of LRP6 and miR‐590‐3p on apoptosis, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as tube formation. Expression of angiogenic factors placental growth factor (PlGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and activities of canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, which were implicated in the process of artery remodeling, were also examined. Results MiR‐590‐3p directly targeted 3′ untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of LRP6 mRNA and repressed LRP6 expression, which in turn inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as tube formation, and resulted in apoptosis in HTR‐8/SVneo cells. Further, inhibition of LRP6 through miR‐590‐3p significantly suppressed the expression of PlGF, MMPs, and VEGF and reduced the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion MicroRNAs‐590‐3p may inhibit trophoblast‐dependent maternal spiral artery remodeling, via both trophoblast invasion and endovascular formation, by repressing LRP6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Zhang
- Department of ObstetricsThe Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Xianzhen Pan
- Department of ObstetricsThe Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of ObstetricsThe Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of ObstetricsShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Hongmei Qu
- Department of ObstetricsThe Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Shuhong Li
- Department of ObstetricsThe Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantaiChina
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17
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Wang Y, Bao X, Zhao A, Zhang J, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Ma B. Raddeanin A inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer through downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling pathway. Life Sci 2018; 207:532-549. [PMID: 29972765 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most lethal human malignancies with high incidence and lack of effective therapy. Raddeanin A (RA), an active triterpenoid saponins, has been demonstrated the ability to inhibit the growth of tumor. But the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of RA in CRC remain elusive. Here, we investigated the efficacy and mechanism of RA in CRC both in vitro and in vivo. MAIN METHODS Cell viability was investigated to evaluate cytotoxic activity by MTT method. Apoptosis induced by RA was studied using Annexin V-FITC/PI binding and JC-1 staining by flow cytometry analysis. The xenograft mouse model of CRC was used to investigate anti-tumor effects in vivo. The key proteins involved in mitochondrial apoptotic, Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathway were detected by Western blotting, Immunofluorescence, and Immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS RA induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation of SW480 and LOVO cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, RA efficiently inhibited tumor growth in xenograft mouse model. RA could down regulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling to display anti-tumor effects via suppression of p-LRP6, induction of AKT inactivation, removal of GSK-3β inhibition and attenuation of β-catenin. Meanwhile, RA also suppressed the NF-κB pathway by decreasing the phosphorylation of IKBα to induce subsequently mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. SIGNIFICANCE In summary, RA suppressed the growth and triggered the apoptosis of CRC through discontinuing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. These findings suggested that RA may hold a promise as a novel therapeutic agent for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingya Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Maubant S, Tahtouh T, Brisson A, Maire V, Némati F, Tesson B, Ye M, Rigaill G, Noizet M, Dumont A, Gentien D, Marty-Prouvost B, de Koning L, Mahmood SF, Decaudin D, Cruzalegui F, Tucker GC, Roman-Roman S, Dubois T. LRP5 regulates the expression of STK40, a new potential target in triple-negative breast cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22586-22604. [PMID: 29854300 PMCID: PMC5978250 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) account for a large proportion of breast cancer deaths, due to the high rate of recurrence from residual, resistant tumor cells. New treatments are needed, to bypass chemoresistance and improve survival. The WNT pathway, which is activated in TNBCs, has been identified as an attractive pathway for treatment targeting. We analyzed expression of the WNT coreceptors LRP5 and LRP6 in human breast cancer samples. As previously described, LRP6 was overexpressed in TNBCs. However, we also showed, for the first time, that LRP5 was overexpressed in TNBCs too. The knockdown of LRP5 or LRP6 decreased tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo, identifying both receptors as potential treatment targets in TNBC. The apoptotic effect of LRP5 knockdown was more robust than that of LRP6 depletion. We analyzed and compared the transcriptomes of cells depleted of LRP5 or LRP6, to identify genes specifically deregulated by LRP5 potentially implicated in cell death. We identified serine/threonine kinase 40 (STK40) as one of two genes specifically downregulated soon after LRP5 depletion. STK40 was found to be overexpressed in TNBCs, relative to other breast cancer subtypes, and in various other tumor types. STK40 depletion decreased cell viability and colony formation, and induced the apoptosis of TNBC cells. In addition, STK40 knockdown impaired growth in an anchorage-independent manner in vitro and slowed tumor growth in vivo. These findings identify the largely uncharacterized putative protein kinase STK40 as a novel candidate treatment target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Maubant
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Paris, France
| | - Tania Tahtouh
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Brisson
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Maire
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Paris, France
| | - Fariba Némati
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Preclinical Investigation Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Tesson
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U900, Paris, France
| | - Mengliang Ye
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Paris, France
| | - Guillem Rigaill
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR 1403, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France.,Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Modélisation d'Evry (LaMME), Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, UMR CNRS 8071, ENSIIE, USC INRA, Évry, France
| | - Maïté Noizet
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Dumont
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Paris, France
| | - David Gentien
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Genomics Platform, Paris, France
| | - Bérengère Marty-Prouvost
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Paris, France
| | - Leanne de Koning
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Reverse-Phase Protein Array Platform, Paris, France
| | - Sardar Faisal Mahmood
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Paris, France
| | - Didier Decaudin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Preclinical Investigation Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Francisco Cruzalegui
- Oncology Research and Development Unit, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Gordon C Tucker
- Oncology Research and Development Unit, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Sergio Roman-Roman
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Dubois
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Paris, France
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19
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Li L, Wan J, Xue J, Li H, Wang S, Zhou Q, Zhou Y, Wang X. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 6 Is Essential for Trophoblast Survival and Invasion. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:35-43. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719118756773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jipeng Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xietong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Jinan, China
- Maternal and Child Health Care of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
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20
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Albuquerque C, Pebre Pereira L. Wnt Signalling-Targeted Therapy in the CMS2 Tumour Subtype: A New Paradigm in CRC Treatment? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1110:75-100. [PMID: 30623367 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02771-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRC) belonging to the consensus molecular subtype 2 (CMS2) have the highest incidence rate, affect mainly the distal colon and rectum, and are characterized by marked Wnt/β-catenin/Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 (TCF7L2) pathway activation and also by activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling. Despite having the highest overall survival, CMS2 tumours are often diagnosed at stage III when an adjuvant chemotherapy-based regimen is recommended. Nevertheless, colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) and circulating tumour cells may still evade the current therapeutic options and metastasize, stressing the need to develop more tailored therapeutic strategies. For example, activation of EGFR signalling is being used as a target for tailored therapy, however, therapy resistance is frequently observed. Therefore, targeting the Wnt signalling axis represents an additional therapeutic strategy, considering that CMS2 tumours are "Wnt-addicted". Several efforts have been made to identify Wnt antagonists, either of synthetic or natural origin. However, an inverse gradient of Wnt/β-catenin/TCF7L2 signalling activity during CRC progression has been suggested, with early stage and metastatic tumours displaying high and low Wnt signalling activities, respectively, which lead us to revisit the "just-right" signalling model. This may pinpoint the use of Wnt signalling agonists instead of antagonists for treatment of metastatic stages, in a context-dependent fashion. Moreover, the poor immunogenicity of these tumours challenges the use of recently emerged immunotherapies. This chapter makes a journey about CMS2 tumour characterization, their conventional treatment, and how modulation of Wnt signalling or immune response may be applied to CRC therapy. It describes the newest findings in this field and indicates where more research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Albuquerque
- Molecular Pathobiology Research Unit, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Lisbon Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Lucília Pebre Pereira
- Molecular Pathobiology Research Unit, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Lisbon Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
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21
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Zamò A, Pischimarov J, Schlesner M, Rosenstiel P, Bomben R, Horn H, Grieb T, Nedeva T, López C, Haake A, Richter J, Trümper L, Lawerenz C, Klapper W, Möller P, Hummel M, Lenze D, Szczepanowski M, Flossbach L, Schreder M, Gattei V, Ott G, Siebert R, Rosenwald A, Leich E. Differences between BCL2-break positive and negative follicular lymphoma unraveled by whole-exome sequencing. Leukemia 2017; 32:685-693. [PMID: 28824170 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Depending on disease stage follicular lymphoma (FL) lack the t(14;18) in ~15-~50% of cases. Nevertheless, most of these cases express BCL2. To elucidate mechanisms triggering BCL2 expression and promoting pathogenesis in t(14;18)-negative FL, exonic single-nucleotide variant (SNV) profiles of 28 t(14;18)-positive and 13 t(14;18)-negative FL were analyzed, followed by the integration of copy-number changes, copy-neutral LOH and published gene-expression data as well as the assessment of immunoglobulin N-glycosylation sites. Typical FL mutations also affected t(14;18)-negative FL. Curated gene set/pathway annotation of genes mutated in either t(14;18)-positive or t(14;18)-negative FL revealed a strong enrichment of same or similar gene sets but also a more prominent or exclusive enrichment of immune response and N-glycosylation signatures in t(14;18)-negative FL. Mutated genes showed high BCL2 association in both subgroups. Among the genes mutated in t(14;18)-negative FL 555 were affected by copy-number alterations and/or copy-neutral LOH and 96 were differently expressed between t(14;18)-positive and t(14;18)-negative FL (P<0.01). N-glycosylation sites were detected considerably less frequently in t(14;18)-negative FL. These results suggest a diverse portfolio of genetic alterations that may induce or regulate BCL2 expression or promote pathogenesis of t(14;18)-negative FL as well as a less specific but increased crosstalk with the microenvironment that may compensate for the lack of N-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zamò
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Pischimarov
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Schlesner
- Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080), Computational Oncology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Rosenstiel
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - R Bomben
- Department of Translational Research, CRO, Aviano, Italy
| | - H Horn
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Grieb
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - T Nedeva
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C López
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - A Haake
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - J Richter
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - L Trümper
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Lawerenz
- Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Klapper
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - P Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-University Hospital Berlin, Germany
| | - D Lenze
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-University Hospital Berlin, Germany
| | - M Szczepanowski
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - L Flossbach
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Schreder
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - V Gattei
- Department of Translational Research, CRO, Aviano, Italy
| | - G Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - R Siebert
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - A Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - E Leich
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway is a critical mediator of tissue homeostasis and repair, and frequently co-opted during tumor development. Almost all colorectal cancers (CRC) demonstrate hyperactivation of the WNT pathway, which in many cases is believed to be the initiating and driving event. In this short review, we provide a focused overview of recent developments in our understanding of the WNT pathway in CRC, describe new research tools that are enabling a deeper understanding of WNT biology, and outline ongoing efforts to target this pathway therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Schatoff
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, 10021.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-I MD-PhD program, New York, 10065
| | - Benjamin I Leach
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, 10021.,New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, 10021
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, 10021.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, 10021.,Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, 10021
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24
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Scott MJ, Lee JA, Wake MS, Batt KV, Wattam TA, Hiles ID, Batuwangala TD, Ashman CI, Steward M. 'In-Format' screening of a novel bispecific antibody format reveals significant potency improvements relative to unformatted molecules. MAbs 2016; 9:85-93. [PMID: 27786601 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1249078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are emerging as an important class of biopharmaceutical. The majority of BsAbs are created from conventional antibodies or fragments engineered into more complex configurations. A recurring challenge in their development, however, is the identification of components that are optimised for inclusion in the final format in order to deliver both efficacy and robust biophysical properties. Using a modular BsAb format, the mAb-dAb, we assessed whether an 'in-format' screening approach, designed to select format-compatible domain antibodies, could expedite lead discovery. Human nerve growth factor (NGF) was selected as an antigen to validate the approach; domain antibody (dAb) libraries were screened, panels of binders identified, and binding affinities and potencies compared for selected dAbs and corresponding mAb-dAbs. A number of dAbs that exhibited high potency (IC50) when assessed in-format were identified. In contrast, the corresponding dAb monomers had ∼1000-fold lower potency than the formatted dAbs; such dAb monomers would therefore have been omitted from further characterization. Subsequent stoichiometric analyses of mAb-dAbs bound to NGF, or an additional target antigen (vascular endothelial growth factor), suggested different target binding modes; this indicates that the observed potency improvements cannot be attributed simply to an avidity effect offered by the mAb-dAb format. We conclude that, for certain antigens, screening naïve selection outputs directly in-format enables the identification of a subset of format-compatible dAbs, and that this offers substantial benefits in terms of molecular properties and development time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kelly V Batt
- a Biopharm Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline , Stevenage , UK
| | | | - Ian D Hiles
- a Biopharm Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline , Stevenage , UK
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