1
|
Karati D, Mukherjee S, Roy S. Deciphering the molecular mechanistic paths describing the chemotherapeutic potential and epigenetic regulation of curcumin in lung cancer: a mini review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2715-2725. [PMID: 37982888 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
In an uncontrolled inflammatory environment, the complex process of lung carcinogenesis occurs. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The average 5-year survival rate is still low despite significant advancements in our knowledge of lung carcinogenesis and the development of innovative therapies in recent decades. Research on adjuvant treatment, lung carcinogenesis pathways, and possible prognostic indicators has to be refocused using an innovative approach. The majority of lung cancers are discovered at an advanced stage when there is little chance of recovery. It has grown in popularity in recent years to supplement already available chemotherapeutic therapies with adjuvant herbal medications, which may lessen toxicity and adverse effects without sacrificing therapeutic efficiency. One such prospective contender is curcumin. In-depth research has been done on curcumin as a multi-target anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory molecule. A pharmacologically active polyphenol produced from turmeric is called curcumin. Over the past few decades, curcumin's therapeutic potential has been thoroughly studied, and data indicate that curcumin may play a part in a variety of biological processes, most notably its potent anticancer activity. Being a pleiotropic chemical, curcumin regulates a variety of molecules that are key players in many cell signaling pathways. It has been shown to stifle transformation, restrain proliferation, and trigger apoptosis. Curcumin can reduce the development of non-small cell LC by downregulating Circular RNA hsa_circ_0007580, which in turn controls the expression of integrin subunit beta 1 by adsorbing miR-384. Nevertheless, despite all these advantages, curcumin's effectiveness is still restricted because of its weak bioavailability, poor absorption within the systemic circulation, and quick removal from the body. In an effort to overcome these constraints, scientists from all around the world are working to develop a synthetic and improved curcuminoid by appropriately altering the parent skeleton structurally. These curcuminoids will simultaneously improve the physicochemical properties and efficacy. This review presents evidence from the most recent clinical trials coupled with the molecular mechanisms of curcumin in LC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Karati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarupananda Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang H, Zhou S, Li G. Novel biomarkers used for early diagnosis and tyrosine kinase inhibitors as targeted therapies in colorectal cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1189799. [PMID: 37719843 PMCID: PMC10502318 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1189799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second most lethal type of cancer worldwide, presenting major health risks as well as economic costs to both people and society. CRC survival chances are significantly higher if the cancer is diagnosed and treated early. With the development of molecular biology, numerous initiatives have been undertaken to identify novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of CRC. Pathological disorders can be diagnosed at a lower cost with the help of biomarkers, which can be detected in stool, blood, and tissue samples. Several lines of evidence suggest that the gut microbiota could be used as a biomarker for CRC screening and treatment. CRC treatment choices include surgical resection, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and combination therapies. Targeted therapies are a relatively new and promising modality of treatment that has been shown to increase patients' overall survival (OS) rates and can inhibit cancer cell development. Several small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are being investigated as potential treatments due to our increasing awareness of CRC's molecular causes and oncogenic signaling. These compounds may inhibit critical enzymes in controlling signaling pathways, which are crucial for CRC cells' development, differentiation, proliferation, and survival. On the other hand, only one of the approximately 42 TKIs that demonstrated anti-tumor effects in pre-clinical studies has been licensed for clinical usage in CRC. A significant knowledge gap exists when bringing these tailored medicines into the clinic. As a result, the emphasis of this review is placed on recently discovered biomarkers for early diagnosis as well as tyrosine kinase inhibitors as possible therapy options for CRC.
Collapse
|
3
|
Auf der Maur P, Trefny MP, Baumann Z, Vulin M, Correia AL, Diepenbruck M, Kramer N, Volkmann K, Preca BT, Ramos P, Leroy C, Eichlisberger T, Buczak K, Zilli F, Okamoto R, Rad R, Jensen MR, Fritsch C, Zippelius A, Stadler MB, Bentires-Alj M. N-acetylcysteine overcomes NF1 loss-driven resistance to PI3Kα inhibition in breast cancer. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101002. [PMID: 37044095 PMCID: PMC10140479 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide PiggyBac transposon-mediated screen and a resistance screen in a PIK3CAH1047R-mutated murine tumor model reveal NF1 loss in mammary tumors resistant to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α (PI3Kα)-selective inhibitor alpelisib. Depletion of NF1 in PIK3CAH1047R breast cancer cell lines and a patient-derived organoid model shows that NF1 loss reduces sensitivity to PI3Kα inhibition and correlates with enhanced glycolysis and lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Unexpectedly, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) sensitizes NF1 knockout cells to PI3Kα inhibition and reverts their glycolytic phenotype. Global phospho-proteomics indicates that combination with NAC enhances the inhibitory effect of alpelisib on mTOR signaling. In public datasets of human breast cancer, we find that NF1 is frequently mutated and that such mutations are enriched in metastases, an indication for which use of PI3Kα inhibitors has been approved. Our results raise the attractive possibility of combining PI3Kα inhibition with NAC supplementation, especially in patients with drug-resistant metastases associated with NF1 loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priska Auf der Maur
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marcel P Trefny
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zora Baumann
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Milica Vulin
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Luisa Correia
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maren Diepenbruck
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Kramer
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Volkmann
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan-Tiberius Preca
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Ramos
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Leroy
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Katarzyna Buczak
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Federica Zilli
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ryoko Okamoto
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christine Fritsch
- Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael B Stadler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Bentires-Alj
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hosseini SA, Salehifard Jouneghani A, Ghatrehsamani M, Yaghoobi H, Elahian F, Mirzaei SA. CRISPR/Cas9 as precision and high-throughput genetic engineering tools in gastrointestinal cancer research and therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:732-754. [PMID: 36372102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GI) is one of the most serious and health-threatening diseases worldwide. Many countries have encountered an escalating prevalence of shock. Therefore, there is a pressing need to clarify the molecular pathogenesis of these cancers. The use of high-throughput technologies that allow the precise and simultaneous investigation of thousands of genes, proteins, and metabolites is a critical step in disease diagnosis and cure. Recent innovations have provided easy and reliable methods for genome investigation, including TALENs, ZFNs, and the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats system). Among these, CRISPR/Cas9 has been revolutionary tool in genetic research. Recent years were prosperous years for CRISPR by the discovery of novel Cas enzymes, the Nobel Prize, and the development of critical clinical trials. This technology utilizes comprehensive information on genes associated with tumor development, provides high-throughput libraries for tumor therapy by developing screening platforms, and generates rapid tools for cancer therapy. This review discusses the various applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in genome editing, with a particular focus on genome manipulation, including infection-related genes, RNAi targets, pooled library screening for identification of unknown driver mutations, and molecular targets for gastrointestinal cancer modeling. Finally, it provides an overview of CRISPR/Cas9 clinical trials, as well as the challenges associated with its use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayedeh Azimeh Hosseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Ghatrehsamani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hajar Yaghoobi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Elahian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iyer KK, van Erp NP, Tauriello DV, Verheul HM, Poel D. Lost in translation: Revisiting the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 110:102466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
6
|
Vaquero J, Pavy A, Gonzalez-Sanchez E, Meredith M, Arbelaiz A, Fouassier L. Genetic alterations shaping tumor response to anti-EGFR therapies. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
7
|
Gogleva A, Polychronopoulos D, Pfeifer M, Poroshin V, Ughetto M, Martin MJ, Thorpe H, Bornot A, Smith PD, Sidders B, Dry JR, Ahdesmäki M, McDermott U, Papa E, Bulusu KC. Knowledge graph-based recommendation framework identifies drivers of resistance in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1667. [PMID: 35351890 PMCID: PMC8964738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi) presents a major obstacle in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). One of the most exciting new ways to find potential resistance markers involves running functional genetic screens, such as CRISPR, followed by manual triage of significantly enriched genes. This triage process to identify ‘high value’ hits resulting from the CRISPR screen involves manual curation that requires specialized knowledge and can take even experts several months to comprehensively complete. To find key drivers of resistance faster we build a recommendation system on top of a heterogeneous biomedical knowledge graph integrating pre-clinical, clinical, and literature evidence. The recommender system ranks genes based on trade-offs between diverse types of evidence linking them to potential mechanisms of EGFRi resistance. This unbiased approach identifies 57 resistance markers from >3,000 genes, reducing hit identification time from months to minutes. In addition to reproducing known resistance markers, our method identifies previously unexplored resistance mechanisms that we prospectively validate. Resistance to EGFR inhibitors presents a major obstacle in treating non-small cell lung cancer. Here, the authors develop a recommender system ranking genes based on trade-offs between diverse types of evidence linking them to potential mechanisms of EGFRi resistance.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hou J, He Z, Liu T, Chen D, Wang B, Wen Q, Zheng X. Evolution of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms of Drug Resistance and Novel Opportunities Identified by CRISPR-Cas9 Screening. Front Oncol 2022; 12:755053. [PMID: 35372044 PMCID: PMC8970599 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.755053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapy has revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment due to better therapeutic responses and less systemic toxicity. However, therapeutic resistance is a major challenge in clinical settings that hinders continuous clinical benefits for cancer patients. In this regard, unraveling the mechanisms of drug resistance may identify new druggable genetic alterations for molecularly targeted therapies, thus contributing to improved therapeutic efficacies. The recent rapid development of novel methodologies including CRISPR-Cas9 screening technology and patient-derived models provides powerful tools to dissect the underlying mechanisms of resistance to targeted cancer therapies. In this review, we updated therapeutic targets undergoing preclinical and clinical evaluation for various cancer types. More importantly, we provided comprehensive elaboration of high throughput CRISPR-Cas9 screening in deciphering potential mechanisms of unresponsiveness to molecularly targeted therapies, which will shed light on the discovery of novel opportunities for designing next-generation anti-cancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jue Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zongsheng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zheng, ; Qinglian Wen, ; Bin Wang,
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zheng, ; Qinglian Wen, ; Bin Wang,
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zheng, ; Qinglian Wen, ; Bin Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Molecular characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with Neurofibromin 1-altered metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:260-267. [PMID: 34728807 PMCID: PMC8738154 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function alterations of Neurofibromin 1 (NF1) activate RAS, a driver of colorectal cancer. However, the clinical implications of NF1 alterations are largely unknown. We performed a comprehensive molecular profiling of NF1-mutant colorectal cancer using data from 8150 patients included in a dataset of commercial CLIA-certified laboratory (Caris Life Sciences). In addition, NF1 expression levels were tested for associations with clinical outcomes using data from 431 patients in the CALGB/SWOG 80405 trial. In the Caris dataset, 2.2% of patients had pathogenic or presumed pathogenic NF1 mutations. NF1-mutant tumors more frequently harbored PIK3CA (25.0% vs. 16.7%) and PTEN mutations (24.0% vs. 4.2%) than wild type tumors. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that MAPK and PI3K pathway signatures were enriched in NF1-mutant tumors. In the CALGB/SWOG 80405 cohort, low NF1 expression was associated with poor prognosis, and high NF1 expression was associated with better efficacy of cetuximab than bevacizumab. Together, we revealed concurrent genetic alterations in the PI3K pathways in NF1-mutant tumors, suggesting the need to simultaneously block MAPK and PI3K pathways in treatment. The potential of NF1 alteration as a novel biomarker for targeted therapy was highlighted, warranting further investigations in clinical settings.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tak E, Kim M, Cho Y, Choi S, Kim J, Han B, Kim HD, Jang CSH, Kim JE, Hong YS, Kim SY, Kim TW. Expression of neurofibromin 1 in colorectal cancer and cetuximab resistance. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:15. [PMID: 34779495 PMCID: PMC8611403 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromin 1 (NF1) is a tumor suppressor that has been previously reported to regulate RAS‑MAPK signaling. The present study investigated the possible relationship between NF1 expression and anti‑EGFR antibody (cetuximab) sensitivity in colorectal cancer cell lines. In addition, primary or metastatic colorectal cancer samples from patients treated with cetuximab were assessed for the association of cetuximab sensitivity. The quantities of the NF1 transcript, NF1‑related pathway enrichment and NF1 mutation profile were measured and investigated using RNA sequencing and targeted DNA sequencing. Based on growth inhibition and colony formation assay results, cell lines were designated to be cetuximab‑sensitive (NCI‑H508 and Caco2) or cetuximab‑resistant (KM12C and SM480). Western blotting revealed NF1 was highly expressed in cetuximab‑sensitive cell lines whilst there was little expression in their cetuximab‑resistant counterparts. Knocking down NF1 expression using small interfering RNA in the cetuximab‑sensitive cell lines enhanced the phosphorylation of MEK and ERK according to western blotting. NF1 knockdown also reduced apoptosis, as observed by the decreased number of apoptotic bodies by DAPI nuclear staining and reduced cleavage of caspase and poly‑(ADP ribose) polymerase. NF1 overexpression by transfection with GTPase‑activating protein‑related domain subunit rendered the cetuximab‑resistant cell lines, KM12C and SW480, more susceptible to cetuximab‑induced apoptosis. RNA sequencing of 111 RAS and BRAFV600 wild‑type tumor samples collected from cetuximab‑treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer revealed that the pre‑treatment NF1 expression levels were not associated with the cetuximab response. However, tumor samples obtained after cetuximab treatment displayed slightly lower NF1 transcript levels compared with those in the pre‑treatment samples, suggesting that exposure to the anti‑EGFR antibody may be associated with reduced NF1 expression levels. Next‑generation sequencing revealed that the frequency of inactivating mutations in NF1 were rare (1.8%) in patients with colorectal cancer and were not associated with the protein expression levels of NF1 except for in a small number of cases (0.5%), where the biallelic inactivation of NF1 was observed. To conclude, the present study showed that modification of NF1 expression can affect sensitivity to cetuximab in colorectal cancer cell lines, though a limitation exists in terms of its potential application as a biomarker for RAS and BRAFV600 wild‑type tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Tak
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngra Cho
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sueun Choi
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Buhm Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongro, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Don Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chloe Soo-Hyun Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongro, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Hong
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Stahler A, Heinemann V, Holch JW, von Einem JC, Westphalen CB, Heinrich K, Schlieker L, Jelas I, Alig AHS, Fischer LE, Weiss L, Modest DP, von Weikersthal LF, Decker T, Kiani A, Moehler M, Kaiser F, Kirchner T, Jung A, Stintzing S. Mutational profiles of metastatic colorectal cancer treated with FOLFIRI plus cetuximab or bevacizumab before and after secondary resection (AIO KRK 0306; FIRE-3). Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1935-1943. [PMID: 34310714 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Secondary resection of metastases is recommended in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Data describing changes in mutational profiles of corresponding primary tumor and metastatic tissue after conversion treatment are limited. Next generation sequencing was performed in formalin-fixed mCRC samples from patients of the FIRE-3 trial (FOLFIRI plus cetuximab or bevacizumab) before treatment start (baseline) and after secondary resection of metastases (post baseline). Changes of mutational profiles and tumor mutational burden (TMB) were assessed within a post-hoc analysis. Median overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) were compared between treatment arms. Paired tumor samples were obtained from 25 patients (19 RAS wild-type, 6 RAS mutant by pyrosequencing). ORR (92.0% vs 58.0%) and OS (60.8 vs 35.4 months, hazard ratio = 0.39 [95% CI 0.14-1.12], P = .08) were higher for patients receiving cetuximab. After conversion therapy, 56 alterations (42 in the cetuximab and 14 in the bevacizumab arm) were newly observed in 18 patients (9 each treated with cetuximab or bevacizumab). Gains (n = 21) and losses (n = 21) of alterations occurred during cetuximab-based treatment, while mainly gains of alterations occurred during bevacizumab (n = 10). Three of nine patients treated with cetuximab that presented a change of mutational profiles, developed resistance to cetuximab. Mutational profiles were largely comparable before and after treatment with anti-VEGF or anti-EGFR directed monoclonal antibodies after secondary resection. Mutations associated with resistance to anti-EGFR antibodies were observed in only one-third of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Stahler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,LMU Munich, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Walter Holch
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,LMU Munich, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jobst Christian von Einem
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Heinrich
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ivan Jelas
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annabel Helga Sophie Alig
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lena Weiss
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Paul Modest
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Alexander Kiani
- Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Moehler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Kirchner
- LMU Munich, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Jung
- LMU Munich, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sur D, Havasi A, Gorzo A, Burz C. A Critical Review of Second-Generation Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibodies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:1034-1042. [PMID: 32718285 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200727121011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become a relevant solution for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Current anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies face a series of problems, including resistance and non-durable response, and RAS and BRAF mutations serve as exclusion criteria for treatment with anti-EGFR mAbs. Advances in molecular tumor profiling and information on subsequent pathways responsible for disease progression and drug resistance helped develop a new generation of anti-EGFR mAbs. These second-generation mAbs have been developed to overcome existing resistance mechanisms and to limit common side effects. For the moment, existing literature suggests that these novel anti-EGFR mAbs are far from finding their way to clinical practice soon. OBJECTIVE In this review, we summarize and evaluate current data regarding ongoing research and completed clinical trials for different second-generation anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. CONCLUSION Anti-EGFR mAbs exhibit efficacy in advanced colorectal cancer, but second-generation mAbs failed to prove their benefit in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Understanding the biological basis of primary and acquired drug resistance could allow scientists to design better clinical trials and develop improved second-generation mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj- Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Havasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alecsandra Gorzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Burz
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Y, Zheng D. The importance of precision medicine in modern molecular oncology. Clin Genet 2021; 100:248-257. [PMID: 33997970 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of modern medical technology, information data modeling has been gradually applied to clinical diagnosis and treatment. Precision medicine is an important approach that focuses on individual patients in terms of their own characteristics, genomic information, proteomics and even social environments. Genome-wide high-throughput technologies, including DNA-seq, RNA-seq, exosome-seq…, contribute enormous amounts of molecular data to aid in diagnosis and analysis. Here, we review the developmental history of different next-generation sequencing platforms, introduce their applications in different tumor diagnosis and therapy, and further discuss the remaining challenges in precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Wang
- The Precision Medicine Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou, China
| | - Dawu Zheng
- The Precision Medicine Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The Landscape of PIK3CA Mutations in Colorectal Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2021; 20:201-215. [PMID: 33744168 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in both men and women. Despite progress in the treatment of the disease, metastatic colorectal cancer remains lethal with a median survival slightly surpassing 2 years and commonly for some cases a more aggressive course. New therapies are urgently needed based on a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. METHODS The focus of this investigation is the PIK3CA gene, encoding the alpha catalytic subunit of the enzyme phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K). Publicly available data from 3 extensive published series of colorectal carcinomas were analyzed to define the molecular landscape of colorectal adenocarcinomas with and without mutations of PIK3CA. An analysis for discovery of associations with alterations in other critical genes and pathways involved in colorectal cancer was performed. The total mutation burden (TMB) and copy number alteration burden of colorectal cancers with and without mutations of PIK3CA, as well as prognostic implications of alterations of the gene for survival, were examined. RESULTS Mutations in PIK3CA are observed in 20% to 25% of colorectal cancers. PIK3CA represents one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in these cancers. Mutations in PIK3CA are associated with higher rates of mutations in other genes of important cancer-associated pathways such as the tyrosine kinase receptors/K-Ras/BRAF/MAPK and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In addition, PIK3CA mutated colorectal cancers display a higher TMB than nonmutated cancers. CONCLUSION Frequent mutations of PIK3CA gene in colorectal carcinomas may represent an opportunity for targeted therapy combination development inhibiting both the PI3K kinase itself and associated pathway defects. Increased TMB may additionally confer immunotherapy sensitivity, which could be augmented by other targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ashrafizadeh M, Najafi M, Makvandi P, Zarrabi A, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Versatile role of curcumin and its derivatives in lung cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9241-9268. [PMID: 32519340 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a main cause of death all over the world with a high incidence rate. Metastasis into neighboring and distant tissues as well as resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy demand novel strategies in lung cancer therapy. Curcumin is a naturally occurring nutraceutical compound derived from Curcuma longa (turmeric) that has great pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic. The excellent antitumor activity of curcumin has led to its extensive application in the treatment of various cancers. In the present review, we describe the antitumor activity of curcumin against lung cancer. Curcumin affects different molecular pathways such as vascular endothelial growth factors, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mammalian target of rapamycin, PI3/Akt, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs in treatment of lung cancer. Curcumin also can induce autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest to reduce the viability and proliferation of lung cancer cells. Notably, curcumin supplementation sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy and enhances chemotherapy-mediated apoptosis. Curcumin can elevate the efficacy of radiotherapy in lung cancer therapy by targeting various signaling pathways, such as epidermal growth factor receptor and NF-κB. Curcumin-loaded nanocarriers enhance the bioavailability, cellular uptake, and antitumor activity of curcumin. The aforementioned effects are comprehensively discussed in the current review to further direct studies for applying curcumin in lung cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| |
Collapse
|