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Khanal P, Zargari F, Dey YN, Nikfarjam Z. Olanzapine manipulates neuroactive signals and may onset metabolic disturbances. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:6613-6627. [PMID: 37477254 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2235617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Olanzapine is one of the most prescribed atypical antipsychotics to treat psychiatric illness and is associated with weight gain and metabolic disturbance. The present study investigated the olanzapine-regulated metabolic pathways using functional enrichent analysis including binding affinity with G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Proteins modulated by olanzapine were retrieved from SwissTargetPrediction, DIGEP-Pred, and BindingDB and then enriched in Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) to assess molecular function, biological process, and cellular components including Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. We used homology modeling to improve the 3D structure for GPCR synapse proteins including dopamine, serotonin, muscarinic, and histamine receptors which were then optimized using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The protein-olanzapine binding mechanisms for different GPCR binders were evaluated using molecular docking; later refined by MD simulations. Binding mechanism of olanzapine with D2, 5HT1A, 5HT2A, 5HT2B, 5HT2C, M1, and M2 receptors were created using homology modeling and optimized using MD simulations. In target identification, it was observed that olanzapine majority targeted G-protein coupled receptors. Further, enrichment analysis identified around 76% of the total genes regulated in molecular function, biological process, and cellular components were common including KEGG pathways. Moreover, it was observed that olanzapine had a major potency over the neurotransmitter synapse including neuroactive signals . Olanzapine-induced weight gain and metabolic alterations could be due to the deregulation of multiple synapses like dopamine, serotonin, muscarinic, and histamine at the feeding center followed by cGMP-PKG, cAMP, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. HIGHLIGHTSOlanzapine is used in the management of psychiatric illnesses.Olanzapine causes disturbance in lipids and glucosehomeostasis and manipulates energy expenditure.Olanzapine-induced weight gain may occur due to the deregulation of the multiple synapse and cGMP-PKG, cAMP, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathwayCommunicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Farshid Zargari
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Yadu Nandan Dey
- Department of Pharmacology, B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, India
| | - Zahra Nikfarjam
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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An H, Liu K, Shirai K, Kawasaki R, Tamakoshi A, Iso H. Physical Activity and Bladder Cancer Risk: Findings of the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Cancer Res Treat 2024; 56:616-623. [PMID: 37817564 PMCID: PMC11016649 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2023.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The association of physical activity with the risk of bladder cancer remains inconsistent among Asian populations. We aimed to examine the association in a large Japanese cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a population-based prospective cohort study, a total of 50,374 Japanese adults aged 40-79 years without a history of cancer or cardiovascular disease who had information on physical activity from self-administrated questionnaires were used for analysis. We performed Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident bladder cancer after adjusting for several potential confounders. RESULTS During the median 17.5 years of follow-up, 153 incident bladder cancers (116 men and 37 women) were identified. After the multivariable adjustment, HRs (95% CI) of bladder cancer concerning those with recreational sports participation of 1-2 hr/wk, 3-4 hr/wk, and 5 hr/wk and more were 0.67 (0.38-1.20), 0.79 (0.36-1.74), and 0.28 (0.09-0.89), respectively (p for trend=0.017). Compared with mostly sitting at the workplace, occupational physical activity of standing and walking were associated with a lower risk of bladder cancer (HR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.85]). Hours of daily walking were not associated with the risk. The lower risk of bladder cancer was more evident for recreational sports (HR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.10 to 1.00]), and for occupational standing and walking activity at work (HR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.33 to 0.98]) among men. CONCLUSION Recreational sports participation and occupational physical activity were inversely associated with the risk of bladder cancer among Japanese, especially in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang An
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Keyang Liu
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryo Kawasaki
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research (iGHP), Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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He Q, Wu S, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Xia B, Li W, Zhao J, Mi N, Xie P, Qin X, Yuan J, Pan Y. Genetic factors, adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors, and risk of bladder cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:965. [PMID: 37828430 PMCID: PMC10568887 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and lifestyle factors both contribute to the pathogenesis of bladder cancer, but the extent to which the increased genetic risk can be mitigated by adhering to a healthy lifestyle remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of combined lifestyle factors with bladder cancer risk within genetic risk groups. METHODS We conducted a prospective study of 375 998 unrelated participants of European ancestry with genotype and lifestyle data and free of cancer from the UK biobank. We generated a polygenic risk score (PRS) using 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms and a healthy lifestyle score based on body weight, smoking status, physical activity, and diet. Cox models were fitted to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of genetic and lifestyle factors on bladder cancer. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 11.8 years, 880 participants developed bladder cancer. Compared with those with low PRS, participants with intermediate and high PRS had a higher risk of bladder cancer (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.07-1.56; HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.32-2.02, respectively). An optimal lifestyle was associated with an approximately 50% lower risk of bladder cancer than a poor lifestyle across all genetic strata. Participants with a high genetic risk and a poor lifestyle had 3.6-fold elevated risk of bladder cancer compared with those with a low genetic risk and an optimal lifestyle (HR 3.63, 95% CI 2.23 -5.91). CONCLUSIONS Adhering to a healthy lifestyle could substantially reduce the bladder cancer risk across all genetic strata, even for high-genetic risk individuals. For all populations, adopting an intermediate lifestyle is more beneficial than a poor one, and adhering to an optimal lifestyle is the ideal effective strategy for bladder cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangsheng He
- Scientific Research Center, Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
- Clinical Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqing Wu
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Primary Care Office, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Scientific Research Center, Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Scientific Research Center, Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
- Clinical Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Scientific Research Center, Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Ningning Mi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiwen Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Density and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, AU-WA, Australia
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Scientific Research Center, Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
- Clinical Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yihang Pan
- Scientific Research Center, Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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Ilozumba MN, Yaghjyan L, Datta S, Zhao J, Hong CC, Lunetta KL, Zirpoli G, Bandera EV, Palmer JR, Yao S, Ambrosone CB, Cheng TYD. mTOR pathway candidate genes and energy intake interaction on breast cancer risk in Black women from the Women's Circle of Health Study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2593-2604. [PMID: 37209192 PMCID: PMC10695182 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive energy intake has been shown to affect the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and breast cancer risk. It is not well understood whether there are gene-environment interactions between mTOR pathway genes and energy intake in relation to breast cancer risk. METHODS The study included 1642 Black women (809 incident breast cancer cases and 833 controls) from the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). We examined interactions between 43 candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 20 mTOR pathway genes and quartiles of energy intake in relation to breast cancer risk overall and by ER- defined subtypes using Wald test with a 2-way interaction term. RESULTS AKT1 rs10138227 (C > T) was only associated with a decreased overall breast cancer risk among women in quartile (Q)2 of energy intake, odds ratio (OR) = 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40, 0.91 (p-interaction = 0.042). Similar results were found in ER- tumors. AKT rs1130214 (C > A) was associated with decreased overall breast cancer risk in Q2 (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.44, 0.91) and Q3 (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.48, 0.89) (p-interaction = 0.026). HIF-1α C1772T rs11549465 (C > T) was associated with decreased overall breast cancer risk in Q4 (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.14, 0.59, p-interaction = 0.007); the results were similar in ER+ tumors. These interactions became non-significant after correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that mTOR genetic variants may interact with energy intake in relation to breast cancer risk, including the ER- subtype, in Black women. Future studies should confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mmadili N Ilozumba
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Susmita Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chi-Chen Hong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary Zirpoli
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ting-Yuan David Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Suite 525, 1590 North High Street, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA.
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Ilozumba MN, Yaghjyan L, Datta S, Zhao J, Gong Z, Hong CC, Lunetta KL, Zirpoli G, Bandera EV, Palmer JR, Yao S, Ambrosone CB, Cheng TYD. mTOR pathway candidate genes and physical activity interaction on breast cancer risk in black women from the women's circle of health study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 199:137-146. [PMID: 36882608 PMCID: PMC10695183 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity has been shown to affect the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and consequently breast carcinogenesis. Given that Black women in the USA are less physically active, it is not well understood whether there are gene-environment interactions between mTOR pathway genes and physical activity in relation to breast cancer risk in Black women. METHODS The study included 1398 Black women (567 incident breast cancer cases and 831 controls) from the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). We examined interactions between 43 candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 20 mTOR pathway genes with levels of vigorous physical activity in relation to breast cancer risk overall and by ER-defined subtypes using Wald test with 2-way interaction term and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS AKT1 rs10138227 (C > T) and AKT1 rs1130214 (C > A) were only associated with a decreased risk of ER + breast cancer among women with vigorous physical activity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04, 0.56, for each copy of the T allele, p-interaction = 0.007 and OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.27, 0.96, for each copy of the A allele, p-interaction = 0.045, respectively). MTOR rs2295080 (G > T) was only associated with an increased risk of ER + breast cancer among women with vigorous physical activity (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.16, 4.34, for each copy of the G allele; p-interaction = 0.043). EIF4E rs141689493 (G > A) was only associated with an increased risk of ER- breast cancer among women with vigorous physical activity (OR = 20.54, 95% CI 2.29, 184.17, for each copy of the A allele; p-interaction = 0.003). These interactions became non-significant after correction for multiple testing (FDR-adjusted p-value > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that mTOR genetic variants may interact with physical activity in relation to breast cancer risk in Black women. Future studies should confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mmadili N Ilozumba
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Susmita Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhihong Gong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chi-Chen Hong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary Zirpoli
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ting-Yuan David Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Suite 525, 1590 North High Street, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA.
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Ilozumba MN, Yaghjyan L, Datta S, Zhao J, Hong CC, Lunetta KL, Zirpoli G, Bandera EV, Palmer JR, Yao S, Ambrosone CB, Cheng TYD. mTOR pathway candidate genes and obesity interaction on breast cancer risk in black women from the Women's Circle of Health Study. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:431-447. [PMID: 36790512 PMCID: PMC10695180 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is known to stimulate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and both obesity and the mTOR signaling pathway are implicated in breast carcinogenesis. We investigated potential gene-environment interactions between mTOR pathway genes and obesity in relation to breast cancer risk among Black women. METHODS The study included 1,655 Black women (821 incident breast cancer cases and 834 controls) from the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). Obesity measures including body mass index (BMI); central obesity i.e., waist circumference (WC) and waist/hip ratio (WHR); and body fat distribution (fat mass, fat mass index and percent body fat) were obtained by trained research staff. We examined the associations of 43 candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 20 mTOR pathway genes with breast cancer risk using multivariable logistic regression. We next examined interactions between these SNPs and measures of obesity using Wald test with 2-way interaction term. RESULTS The variant allele of BRAF (rs114729114 C > T) was associated with an increase in overall breast cancer risk [odds ratio (OR) = 1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-2.99, for each copy of the T allele] and the risk of estrogen receptor (ER)-defined subtypes (ER+ tumors: OR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.04,3.29, for each copy of the T allele; ER- tumors OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.03,4.45, for each copy of the T allele). Genetic variants in AKT, AKT1, PGF, PRKAG2, RAPTOR, TSC2 showed suggestive associations with overall breast cancer risk and the risk of, ER+ and ER- tumors (range of p-values = 0.040-0.097). We also found interactions of several of the SNPs with BMI, WHR, WC, fat mass, fat mass index and percent body fat in relation to breast cancer risk. These associations and interactions, however, became nonsignificant after correction for multiple testing (FDR-adjusted p-value > 0.05). CONCLUSION We found associations between mTOR genetic variants and breast cancer risk as well as gene and body fatness interactions in relation to breast cancer risk. However, these associations and interactions became nonsignificant after correction for multiple testing. Future studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm and validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mmadili N Ilozumba
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Susmita Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chi-Chen Hong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary Zirpoli
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ting-Yuan David Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Suite 525, 1590 North High Street, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA.
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Yu EYW, Liu YX, Chen YT, Tang QY, Mehrkanoon S, Wang SZ, Li WC, Zeegers MP, Wesselius A. The effects of the interaction of genetic predisposition with lifestyle factors on bladder cancer risk. BJU Int 2023; 131:443-451. [PMID: 36053730 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of polygenic risk score (PRS) and bladder cancer (BC) risk and whether this PRS can be offset by a healthy lifestyle. METHODS Individuals with BC (n = 563) and non-BC controls (n = 483 957) were identified in the UK Biobank, and adjusted Cox regression models were used. A PRS was constructed based on 34 genetic variants associated with BC development, while a healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was constructed based on three lifestyle factors (i.e., smoking, physical activity, and diet). RESULTS Overall, a negative interaction was observed between the PRS and the HLS (P = 0.02). A 7% higher and 28% lower BC risk per 1-standard deviation (SD) increment in PRS and HLS were observed, respectively. A simultaneous increment of 1 SD in both HLS and PRS was associated with a 6% lower BC risk. In addition, individuals with a high genetic risk and an unfavourable lifestyle showed an increased BC risk compared to individuals with low genetic risk and a favourable lifestyle (hazard ratio 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.91; P for trend <0.001). Furthermore, population-attributable fraction (PAF) analysis showed that 12%-15% of the BC cases might have been prevented if individuals had adhered to a healthy lifestyle. CONCLUSION This large-scale cohort study shows that a genetic predisposition combined with unhealthy behaviours have a joint negative effect on the risk of developing BC. Behavioural lifestyle changes should be encouraged for people through comprehensive, multifactorial approaches, although high-risk individuals may be selected based on genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Yi-Wen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yu-Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiu-Yi Tang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siamak Mehrkanoon
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shi-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Chao Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Wesselius
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Simons CCJM, Schouten LJ, Godschalk RWL, van Schooten FJ, Stoll M, Van Steen K, van den Brandt PA, Weijenberg MP. Polymorphisms in the mTOR-PI3K-Akt pathway, energy balance-related exposures and colorectal cancer risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study. BioData Min 2022; 15:2. [PMID: 35012583 PMCID: PMC8751328 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-021-00286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mTOR-PI3K-Akt pathway influences cell metabolism and (malignant) cell growth. We generated sex-specific polygenic risk scores capturing natural variation in 7 out of 10 top-ranked genes in this pathway. We studied the scores directly and in interaction with energy balance-related factors (body mass index (BMI), trouser/skirt size, height, physical activity, and early life energy restriction) in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS) (n=120,852). The NLCS has a case-cohort design and 20.3 years of follow-up. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire on diet and cancer in 1986 when 55-69 years old. ~75% of the cohort returned toenail clippings used for DNA isolation and genotyping (n subcohort=3,793, n cases=3,464). To generate the scores, the dataset was split in two and risk alleles were defined and weighted based on sex-specific associations with CRC risk in the other dataset half, because there were no SNPs in the top-ranked genes associated with CRC risk in previous genome-wide association studies at a significance level p<1*10-5. RESULTS Cox regression analyses showed positive associations between the sex-specific polygenic risk scores and colon but not rectal cancer risk in men and women, with hazard ratios for continuously modeled scores close to 1.10. There was no modifying effect observed of the scores on associations between the energy balance-related factors and CRC risk. However, BMI (in men), non-occupational physical activity (in women), and height (in men and women) were associated with the risk of CRC, in particular (proximal and distal) colon cancer, in the direction as expected in the lower tertiles of the sex-specific polygenic risk scores. CONCLUSIONS Current data suggest that the mTOR-PI3K-Akt pathway may be involved in colon cancer development. This study thereby sheds more light on colon cancer etiology through use of genetic variation in the mTOR-PI3K-Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colinda C J M Simons
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Leo J Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Roger W L Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM - School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM - School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Monika Stoll
- Institute of Human Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), School for Cardiovascular Diseases, CARIM-, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matty P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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9
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Rodríguez Cintas M, Márquez S, González-Gallego J. The Impact of Physical Activity on Risk and Health-Related Quality of Life in Bladder Cancer. Bladder Cancer 2021; 7:355-364. [PMID: 38993609 PMCID: PMC11181820 DOI: 10.3233/blc-200406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentarism is an important modifiable risk factor in the struggle against cancer. In the last decades, the relationship between physical activity and different types of cancer has been investigated in depth. OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of the literature on the effectiveness of physical activity in reducing the risk to develop bladder cancer and improving health-related quality of life in patients. METHODS A systematic review was conducted through a search of the Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) databases to seek information and PRISMA system to delimitate the research. Outcomes included in searches were physical activity, tobacco consumption, obesity, body mass index, and metabolic syndrome, associated with bladder cancer and quality of life. RESULTS Database searches identified 394 records, of which 75 were duplicated. A total of 280 articles were excluded based on abstract screening. An additional 16 full-text articles were excluded because they did not meet the eligibility criteria. Overall, 21 of the 23 studies included in the review reported beneficial effects of physical activity in bladder cancer. The majority of papers found that physical activity is a significant factor in reducing the risk of bladder cancer. Moreover, physical activity improves health-related quality of life in bladder cancer survivors, and diminishes both recurrence and mortality in those who engage in regular activity. Lastly, physical inactivity is associated with increased body mass index, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and unfavourable energy balance, which led to a greater probability of suffering from bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS These data reinforce the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk of bladder cancer and to improve survivorship and health-related quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Márquez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
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10
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Li Y, Sun L, Guo X, Mo N, Zhang J, Li C. Frontiers in Bladder Cancer Genomic Research. Front Oncol 2021; 11:670729. [PMID: 34094968 PMCID: PMC8173177 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.670729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the etiology studies of bladder cancer focus on genetic changes, mainly including mutation and activation of oncogenes, mutation and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and rearrangement or heterozygous deletion of chromosomes. Moreover, bladder cancer is highly heterogeneous mainly due to abnormal changes in the genome and proteome of tumor cells. Surgery is the main treatment for bladder cancer, but because the recurrence rate is high after surgery and most of the muscle-invasive bladder cancer acquires distant metastasis. Therefore, there is a need to combine with chemotherapy to consolidate the treatment effect. However, there are differences in chemosensitivity among patients. In this article, we review the up-to-date genomic researches on bladder cancer occurrence, development, metastasis, and chemosensitivity in patients, in order to provide some theoretical support for the diagnosis and treatment strategy for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Sun
- Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Mo
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinku Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Early Diagnosis of Tumor in Hebei Province, First Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China
| | - Chong Li
- Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Early Diagnosis of Tumor in Hebei Province, First Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China.,Department of Immunology, Beijing Jianlan Institute of Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Immunology, Beijing Zhongke Jianlan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
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11
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Li Y, Hendryx MS, Xun P, He K, Shadyab AH, Lane DS, Nassir R, Stefanick ML, Wactawski-Wende J, Pal SK, Luo J. Physical activity and risk of bladder cancer among postmenopausal women. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2717-2724. [PMID: 32390249 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with decreased risk for many cancers. Studies on the association between physical activity and risk of bladder cancer are limited, and findings are inconsistent. Postmenopausal women (mean age = 63.3) were recruited into the Women's Health Initiative from 1993 to 1998. Self-reported baseline information on physical activity and other covariates were available in 141 288 participants. Incident bladder cancer cases were collected through 2018 and centrally adjudicated. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined by Cox proportional hazard regression models. Effect modification due to smoking was assessed. During an average of 18.5 years of follow-up, 817 bladder cancer cases were identified. Compared to physically inactive women, those who engaged in ≥15 MET-hours/week of total physical activity, ≥8.75 MET-hours/week of walking or ≥11.25 MET-hours/week of moderate to vigorous physical activity had lower risk of bladder cancer (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.59-0.94, P for linear trend = .02; HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63-0.98, P for linear trend = .03; and HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61-0.94, P for linear trend = .02, respectively). No effect modification was found by smoking status (P for interaction = .06, 0.91 and 0.27, respectively). We found that total physical activity, walking and moderate to vigorous physical activity were inversely associated with bladder cancer incidence among postmenopausal women in a dose-response manner. Physical activity may play a potential role in the primary prevention of bladder cancer. Further studies with objective measurements of physical activity are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health - Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael S Hendryx
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health - Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health - Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Ka He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dorothy S Lane
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcia L Stefanick
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sumanta Kumar Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health - Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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12
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Binal Z, Açıkgöz E, Kızılay F, Öktem G, Altay B. Cross-talk between ribosome biogenesis, translation, and mTOR in CD133+ 4/CD44+ prostate cancer stem cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:1040-1048. [PMID: 31630355 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the gene expression profile of CSCs and to explore the key pathways and specific molecular signatures involved in the characteristic of CSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS CD133+ /CD44+ CSCs and bulk population (non-CSCs) were isolated from DU-145 cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We used Illumina HumanHT-12 v4 Expression to investigate gene expression profiling of CSCs and non-CSCs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed using the STRING database. Biomarkers selected based on gene expression profiling were visually analyzed using immunofluorescence staining method. An image analysis program, ImageJ®, was used for the analysis of fluorescence intensity. RESULTS In microarray analysis, we found that many ribosomal proteins and translation initiation factors that constitute the mTOR complex were highly expressed. PPI analysis using the 33 genes demonstrated that there was a close interaction between ribosome biogenesis, translation, and mTOR signaling. The fluorescence amount of mTOR and MLST8 were higher in CSCs compared to non-CSCs. CONCLUSIONS The increase in a number of genes associated with ribosome biogenesis, translation, and mTOR signaling may be important to evaluate prognosis and determine treatment approach for prostate cancer (PCa). A better understanding of the molecular pathways associated with CSCs may be promising to develop targeted therapies to prolong survival in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Binal
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University School of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, PO Box: 35100, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - E Açıkgöz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yıl University, 65080, Van, Turkey
| | - F Kızılay
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University School of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, PO Box: 35100, 35100, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - G Öktem
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - B Altay
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University School of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, PO Box: 35100, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
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13
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Hong X, Xu Q, Lan K, Huang H, Zhang Y, Chen S, Chi Z, Lin J, Zhou Y, Wu W, Liu G, Lin W, Zhang Y. The Effect of Daily Fluid Management and Beverages Consumption on the Risk of Bladder Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Observational Study. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:1217-1227. [PMID: 30580757 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1512636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have evaluated the risk of bladder cancer (BCa) in relation to total fluid intake, as well as specific type of beverages consumption, with controversial results. The aim of this study was to further explore the potential relationship by conducting a meta-analysis. Fifty-four articles involving more than 43,000 BCa patients were included in this meta-analysis. A positive, though not statistically significant, association was found between total fluid intake and risk of BCa comparing the highest with lowest intake (SRRE: 1.16, 95%CI: 1.00-1.36). By conducting dose-response meta-analysis, we found that each 500 ml/day increase in total fluid intake was associated with 3.3% increased risk of BCa (RR: 1.03, 95%CI: 1.00-1.07). Pronounced increase in risk of BCa was detected when total fluid intake was more than 3000 ml/day. Meta-analyses of specific type of beverages showed increasing intake of coffee (RR: 1.03, 95%CI: 1.02-1.05) were risk factors for BCa. On the contrary, increasing intake of milk appeared to be a potential protective factor for BCa (RR: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.83-0.98). The risk of BCa was not significantly related to intake of water (RR: 1.01, 95%CI: 0.98-1.03), alcohol (RR: 1.01, 95%CI: 0.97-1.05), tea (RR: 1.01, 95%CI: 0.97-1.05) and soft drinks (RR: 1.04, 95%CI: 0.96-1.11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwei Hong
- a Department of Urology , Shantou Central Hospital , Shantou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchun Xu
- a Department of Urology , Shantou Central Hospital , Shantou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijian Lan
- a Department of Urology , Shantou Central Hospital , Shantou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Huang
- a Department of Urology , Shantou Central Hospital , Shantou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhang
- a Department of Urology , Shantou Central Hospital , Shantou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaochuan Chen
- a Department of Urology , Shantou Central Hospital , Shantou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Zepai Chi
- a Department of Urology , Shantou Central Hospital , Shantou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Lin
- a Department of Urology , Shantou Central Hospital , Shantou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhou Zhou
- a Department of Urology , Shantou Central Hospital , Shantou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Weichu Wu
- a Department of Urology , Shantou Central Hospital , Shantou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- a Department of Urology , Shantou Central Hospital , Shantou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- a Department of Urology , Shantou Central Hospital , Shantou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghai Zhang
- a Department of Urology , Shantou Central Hospital , Shantou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
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14
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Bizhani F, Hashemi M, Danesh H, Nouralizadeh A, Narouie B, Bahari G, Ghavami S. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and bladder cancer risk in a sample of Iranian population. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:3-13. [PMID: 29383014 PMCID: PMC5780628 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years several investigations have focused on the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its deregulations in different cancers. This study aimed to examine genetic polymorphisms of this pathway in bladder cancer (BC). In this case-control study, 235 patients with pathologically confirmed bladder cancer and 254 control subjects were examined. PIK3CA, AKT1 and mTOR variants were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The findings proposed that the PIK3CA rs6443624 SNP significantly decreased the risk of BC (OR=0.44, 95 % CI=0.30-0.65, p<0.0001 CA vs CC; OR=0.35, 95 % CI=0.16-0.78, p=0.0107, AA vs CC; OR=0.60, 95 % CI=0.46-0.79, p=0.0002, A vs T). The AKT1 rs2498801 variant is associated with a decreased risk of BC (OR=0.57, 95 % CI=0.39-0.82, p=0.003, AG vs AA; OR=0.74, 95 % CI=0.56-0.97, p=0.032, G vs A) while, AKT1 rs1130233 polymorphism considerably increased the risk of BC (OR=3.70, 95 % CI=2.52-5.43, p<0.0001, GA vs GG; OR=5.81, 95 % CI=1.53-21.97, p=0.010, AA vs GG; OR=2.71, 95 % CI=1.98-3.70, p<0.0001, A vs G). Additionally, mTOR rs2295080 variant notably increased the risk of BC (OR=2.25, 95 % CI=1.50-3.38, p<0.0001, GT vs GG; OR=4.75, 95 % CI=2.80-8.06, p<0.0001, TT vs GG; OR=3.10, 95 % CI=2.34-4.10, p<0.0001, T vs G). None of the other examined polymorphisms (AKT1 rs1130214, AKT1 rs3730358, mTOR rs1883965) revealed significant association with BC. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PIK3CA rs6443624, AKT1 rs2498801, AKT1 rs1130233, as well mTOR rs2295080 polymorphism may be related to bladder cancer development in a sample of Iranian population. Validation of our findings in larger sample sizes of different ethnicities would provide evidence on the role of variants of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in developing BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bizhani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hiva Danesh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Akbar Nouralizadeh
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center; Department of Urology, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Narouie
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center; Department of Urology, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bahari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.,Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Gene polymorphisms in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway contribute to prostate cancer susceptibility in Chinese men. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61305-61317. [PMID: 28977864 PMCID: PMC5617424 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this hospital-based case-control study of 413 prostate cancer (PCa) cases and 807 cancer-free controls, we investigated the role of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of pivotal genes in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. We genotyped 17 SNPs in mTOR, Raptor, AKT1, AKT2, PTEN, and K-ras and found that 4 were associated with PCa susceptibility. Among the variants, the homozygote variant CC genotype of mTOR rs17036508 C>T were associated with higher PCa risk than the wild TT genotypes (adjusted OR = 3.73 (95% CI = 1.75-7.94), P = 0.001). The GT genotype of mTOR rs2295080 G>T was more protective than the TT genotypes (adjusted OR=0.54 (95% CI=0.32-0.91), P=0.020). The distributions of Raptor rs1468033 A>G genotypes differed between cases and controls, especially in subgroups defined by age, BMI, smoking status, and ethnicity. The CT/CC genotypes of AKT2 rs7250897 C>T were associated with an increased risk of PCa, particularly in subgroups of age >71 and BMI >24 kg/m2. These findings suggest that SNPs in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway may contribute to the risk of PCa in Chinese men.
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16
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Zining J, Lu X, Caiyun H, Yuan Y. Genetic polymorphisms of mTOR and cancer risk: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:57464-57480. [PMID: 27462867 PMCID: PMC5302868 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
mTOR regulates several cellular processes that are critical for tumorigenesis. However, previous studies on the association of mTOR polymorphisms with predisposition to different cancer types are somewhat contradictory. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and updated meta-analysis of the available evidence regarding the relationship between mTOR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and cancer risk. Up to November 2015, 23 original publications were identified covering 20 mTOR SNPs, of which seven SNPs (rs2536, rs2295080, rs1883965, rs1034528, rs17036508, rs3806317 and rs1064261) were included in the final meta-analysis. We estimated the summary odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mTOR polymorphisms and cancer risk, and used the model-free approach to investigate the biological effect of each polymorphism. Our meta-analysis found that rs1883965, rs1034528, and rs17036508 were correlated with increased cancer risk in the complete over-dominant model (rs1883965 GA versus GG/AA: fixed-effects OR=1.15, 95% CI 1.02-1.29; rs1034528 GC versus GG/CC: fixed-effects OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.13-1.48; rs17036508 TC versus CC/TT: fixed-effects OR=1.23, 95% CI 1.06-1.43). Stratifying analyses by cancer type, we found that the rs2295080 G allele was associated with a significantly higher risk of acute leukemia in the recessive model (GG versus GT/TT: fixed-effects OR=2.08, 95% CI 1.34-3.22) and a lower risk of genitourinary cancers in the dominant model (TG/GG versus TT: fixed-effects OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.68-0.86). Interestingly, further expression analysis showed that homozygous variant genotype carriers of rs1883965, rs1034528 and rs17036508 had lower mTOR transcript levels, based on HapMap data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zining
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention of Liaoning Provincial Education Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention of Liaoning Provincial Education Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - He Caiyun
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention of Liaoning Provincial Education Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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17
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Cheng TYD, Shankar J, Zirpoli G, Roberts MR, Hong CC, Bandera EV, Ambrosone CB, Yao S. Genetic variants in the mTOR pathway and interaction with body size and weight gain on breast cancer risk in African-American and European American women. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27:965-76. [PMID: 27314662 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Positive energy imbalance and growth factors linked to obesity promote the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. As the obesity-breast cancer associations differ between European American (EA) and African-American (AA) women, we investigated genetic variants in the mTOR pathway and breast cancer risk in these two racial groups. METHODS We examined 400 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 31 mTOR pathway genes in the Women's Circle of Health Study with 1263 incident breast cancers (645 EA, 618 AA) and 1382 controls (641 EA, 741 AA). Multivariable logistic regression was performed separately within racial groups. Effect modification was assessed for measured body size and weight gain since age 20. RESULTS In EA women, variants in FRAP1 rs12125777 (intron), PRR5L rs3740958 (synonymous coding), and CDKAL1 rs9368197 (intron) were associated with increased breast cancer risk, while variants in RPTOR rs9900506 (intron) were associated with decreased risk (nominal p-trend for functional and FRAP1 SNPs or p adjusted for correlated test [p ACT] < 0.05). For AA women, variants in RPTOR rs3817293 (intron), PIK3R1 rs7713645 (intron), and CDKAL1 rs9368197 were associated with decreased breast cancer risk. The significance for FRAP1 rs12125777 and RPTOR rs9900506 in EA women did not hold after correction for multiple comparisons. The risk associated with FRAP1 rs12125777 was higher among EAs who had body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2) (odds ratio = 7.69, 95 % CI 2.11-28.0; p-interaction = 0.007) and gained weight ≥35 lb since age 20 (odds ratio = 3.34, 95 % CI 1.42-7.85; p-interaction = 0.021), compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The mTOR pathway may be involved in breast cancer carcinogenesis differently for EA and AA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yuan David Cheng
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Sts., Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | | | - Gary Zirpoli
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Sts., Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Michelle R Roberts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chi-Chen Hong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Sts., Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Sts., Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Sts., Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
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Granata S, Dalla Gassa A, Carraro A, Brunelli M, Stallone G, Lupo A, Zaza G. Sirolimus and Everolimus Pathway: Reviewing Candidate Genes Influencing Their Intracellular Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050735. [PMID: 27187382 PMCID: PMC4881557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirolimus (SRL) and everolimus (EVR) are mammalian targets of rapamycin inhibitors (mTOR-I) largely employed in renal transplantation and oncology as immunosuppressive/antiproliferative agents. SRL was the first mTOR-I produced by the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus and approved for several medical purposes. EVR, derived from SRL, contains a 2-hydroxy-ethyl chain in the 40th position that makes the drug more hydrophilic than SRL and increases oral bioavailability. Their main mechanism of action is the inhibition of the mTOR complex 1 and the regulation of factors involved in a several crucial cellular functions including: protein synthesis, regulation of angiogenesis, lipid biosynthesis, mitochondrial biogenesis and function, cell cycle, and autophagy. Most of the proteins/enzymes belonging to the aforementioned biological processes are encoded by numerous and tightly regulated genes. However, at the moment, the polygenic influence on SRL/EVR cellular effects is still not completely defined, and its comprehension represents a key challenge for researchers. Therefore, to obtain a complete picture of the cellular network connected to SRL/EVR, we decided to review major evidences available in the literature regarding the genetic influence on mTOR-I biology/pharmacology and to build, for the first time, a useful and specific “SRL/EVR genes-focused pathway”, possibly employable as a starting point for future in-depth research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Granata
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University/Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy.
| | | | - Amedeo Carraro
- Liver Transplant Unit, Department of General Surgery and Odontoiatrics, University/Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy.
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Lupo
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University/Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University/Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy.
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Kakumoto K, Ikeda JI, Okada M, Morii E, Oneyama C. mLST8 Promotes mTOR-Mediated Tumor Progression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119015. [PMID: 25906254 PMCID: PMC4408021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is elevated in various types of human cancers, implicating a role in tumor progression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying mTOR upregulation remain unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of mLST8, a required subunit of both mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and complex 2 (mTORC2), was upregulated in several human colon and prostate cancer cell lines and tissues. Knockdown of mLST8 significantly suppressed mTORC1 and mTORC2 complex formation, and it also inhibited tumor growth and invasiveness in human colon carcinoma (HCT116) and prostate cancer (LNCaP) cells. Overexpression of mLST8 induced anchorage-independent cell growth in normal epithelial cells (HaCaT), although mLST8 knockdown had no effect on normal cell growth. mLST8 knockdown reduced mTORC2-mediated phosphorylation of AKT in both cancer and normal cells, whereas it potently inhibited mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 specifically in cancer cells. These results suggest that mLST8 plays distinct roles in normal and cancer cells, depending upon its expression level, and that mLST8 upregulation may contribute to tumor progression by constitutively activating both the mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Kakumoto
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka, University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka, University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chitose Oneyama
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka, University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Manganese superoxide dismutase deficiency triggers mitochondrial uncoupling and the Warburg effect. Oncogene 2014; 34:4229-37. [PMID: 25362851 PMCID: PMC4859767 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrially localized primary antioxidant enzyme, known to be essential for the survival of aerobic life and to have important roles in tumorigenesis. Here, we show that MnSOD deficiency in skin tissues of MnSOD-heterozygous knockout (Sod2(+/-)) mice leads to increased expresson of uncoupling proteins (UCPs). When MnSOD is deficient, superoxide radical and its resulting reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate ligand binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), suggesting that the activation of PPARα signaling is a major mechanism underlying MnSOD-dependent UCPs expression that consequently triggers the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, leading to increased aerobic glycolysis. Knockdown of UCPs and mTOR suppresses lactate production and increases ATP levels, suggesting that UCPs contribute to increased glycolysis. These results highlight the existence of a free radical-mediated mechanism that activates mitochondria uncoupling to reduce ROS production, which precedes the glycolytic adaptation described as the Warburg Effect.
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21
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Association of mTOR polymorphisms with cancer risk and clinical outcomes: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97085. [PMID: 24816861 PMCID: PMC4016248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in mTOR gene may be associated with cancer risk and clinical outcomes of cancer patients by affecting mTOR gene expression or its activation. However, inconsistent results have been reported. The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the association between mTOR polymorphisms (rs2295080, rs2536 and rs11121704) and cancer risk as well as clinical outcome by a meta-analysis. We identified 10 eligible studies and extracted data by two investigators. Based on dominant and recessive models, odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using Stata, version 11 to evaluate the association strength. Our meta-analysis results showed that the wild genotype TT of rs2295080 polymorphism was associated with increased cancer risk under dominant model (OR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.12–1.36, p<0.0005) in Chinese but not with clinical outcome parameters, while the TT genotype of rs11121704 was associated with poor clinical outcome parameters (OR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.01–2.32, p = 0.044), such as death, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. However, rs2536 may not influence cancer susceptibility. In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicated the common polymorphisms in mTOR gene might be genetic risk factors for the carcinogenesis and clinical outcomes of cancer patients. However, further investigation on large population and different ethnicities are warranted.
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Keimling M, Behrens G, Schmid D, Jochem C, Leitzmann MF. The association between physical activity and bladder cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1862-70. [PMID: 24594995 PMCID: PMC3974090 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Physical activity may protect against bladder cancer through several biologic pathways, such as enhanced immune function and decreased chronic inflammation. Physical activity may also indirectly prevent bladder cancer by reducing obesity. A sizeable number of epidemiologic studies have examined the association between physical activity and bladder cancer, but the available evidence has not yet been formally summarised using meta-analysis. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of English-language studies published from January 1975 through November 2013. We followed the PRISMA guidelines and used a random effects model to estimate the summary risk estimates for the association between physical activity and bladder cancer. Results: A total of 15 studies with 5 402 369 subjects and 27 784 bladder cancer cases were included. High vs low levels of physical activity were related to decreased bladder cancer risk (summary relative risk (RR)=0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.74–0.98; I2=83% P-value for heterogeneity across all studies<0.001). Results were similar for cohort studies (RR=0.89, 95% CI=0.80–1.00; I2=64%) and case–control studies (RR=0.71, 95% CI=0.43–1.16; I2=87% P-value for difference=0.108) and they were comparable for women (RR=0.83, 95% CI=0.73–0.94; I2=0%) and men (RR=0.92, 95% CI=0.82–1.05; I2=67; P-value for difference=0.657). Findings were also comparable for recreational (RR=0.81, 95% CI=0.66–0.99; I2=77%) and occupational physical activity (RR=0.90, 95% CI=0.76–1.0; I2=76% P-value for difference=0.374), and they were largely consistent for moderate (RR=0.85, 95% CI=0.75–0.98; I2=76%) and vigorous activity (RR=0.80, 95% CI=0.64–1.00;I2=87% P-value for difference=0.535). Conclusions: Physical activity is associated with decreased risk of bladder cancer. Further studies are required to assess the relations of intensity, frequency, duration, and timing in life of physical activity to bladder cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Keimling
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - G Behrens
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - D Schmid
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Jochem
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - M F Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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He J, Wang MY, Qiu LX, Zhu ML, Shi TY, Zhou XY, Sun MH, Yang YJ, Wang JC, Jin L, Wang YN, Li J, Yu HP, Wei QY. Genetic variations of mTORC1 genes and risk of gastric cancer in an Eastern Chinese population. Mol Carcinog 2013; 52 Suppl 1:E70-9. [PMID: 23423739 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) plays an important role in maintaining proper cellular functions, and genetic variations in this complex may affect cancer risk. In this study, we examined the associations between eight potential functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in the mTORC1 genes (rs2536T>C and rs1883965G>A for mTOR, rs3160T>C, and rs26865A>G for mLST8, rs3751934C>A, rs1062935T>C, rs3751932T>C, and rs12602885G>A for Raptor, not included in published gastric cancer genome-wide association studies) and gastric cancer risk in 1125 gastric cancer cases and 1196 cancer-free controls. We performed conditional logistic regression and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analyses to assess their associations with gastric cancer risk. We also used false-positive report probabilities (FPRP) for assessing significant findings. We found that only the rs1883965A variant genotypes were associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (AG vs. GG: adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00-1.59; AA vs. GG: adjusted OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 0.67-5.16 and dominant model: adjusted OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.03-1.61). Patients with ≥1 risk genotypes of mTOR had significant increased risk (adjusted OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04-1.49), compared with those having zero risk genotypes. In the stratified analysis, the risk effect of the rs1883965 AG/AA genotypes was evident in subgroups of ever-smokers, non-gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and clinical stage I + II, which were noteworthy findings as evaluated by FPRP. The MDR analysis identified smoking status and rs1883965 as the strongest two-factors for gastric cancer risk. These data support the hypothesis that functional polymorphisms of mTOR may contribute to gastric cancer risk. Clearly, our results require validation in larger studies with different ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhu ML, Yu H, Shi TY, He J, Wang MY, Li QX, Sun MH, Jin L, Yang YJ, Wang JC, Xiang JQ, Wei QY. Polymorphisms in mTORC1 genes modulate risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in eastern Chinese populations. J Thorac Oncol 2013; 8:788-95. [PMID: 23524405 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e31828916c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an evolutionary conserved multiprotein complex that functions as a key regulator of gene transcription, protein translation, and autophagy. No studies have assessed associations between functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mTORC1 genes and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS : In a case-control study of 1126 ESCC patients and 1131 cancer-free controls, we genotyped eight SNPs in mTORC1 (mTOR rs1883965 G>A and rs2536 T>C, mLST8 rs3160 C>T and rs26865 G>A, RPTOR rs3751934 C>A, rs1062935 T>C, rs3751932 T>C and rs12602885 G>A) and assessed their associations with risk of ESCC. RESULTS In the single-locus analyses, we found a significantly altered risk of ESCC associated with mTOR rs1883965 A variant genotypes (adjusted OR = 1.27 and 1.26; 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.60 and 1.01-1.58 for GA and GA/AA, respectively, compared with GG) but not with other SNPs. In the combined analysis of the eight SNPs, we found individuals with two or more unfavorable genotypes exhibited an increased risk for ESCC (adjusted OR = 1.35; 95% confidence interval = 1.20-1.62), compared with those with less than two unfavorable genotypes. Such a cumulative effect was dose-dependent (ptrend = 0.004). In the multiple dimension reduction analysis, mTOR rs1883965 was consistently suggested as the strongest individual factor for ESCC risk, and the model including all SNPs yielded the lowest prediction error of 17.66% for model validation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that functional SNPs of mTORC1 genes may individually or collectively contribute to ESCC risk. Further validation of these findings is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Zhu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Fluid intake, genetic variants of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, and bladder cancer risk. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:2372-80. [PMID: 23632476 PMCID: PMC3681021 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Results of studies of fluid consumption and its association with bladder cancer have been inconsistent. Few studies have considered modification effects from genetic variants that may interact with the type of consumed fluids. UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), which are membrane-bound conjugating enzymes, catalyse the transformation of hydrophobic substrates to more water-soluble glucuronides to facilitate renal or biliary excretion. Whether genetic variants in UGTs could modulate the association between fluid intake and bladder cancer has not been studied. Methods: We conducted a case–control study with 1007 patients with histopathologically confirmed bladder cancer and 1299 healthy matched controls. Fluid intake and epidemiologic data were collected via in-person interview. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, high quantity of total fluid intake (⩾2789 vs <1696 ml per day) conferred a 41% increased risk of bladder cancer (OR=1.41; 95% CI=1.10–1.81). Specific fluids such as regular soft drinks and decaffeinated coffee were also associated with increased risks, whereas tea, wine, and liquor were associated with decreased risks. Among 83 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the UGT gene family, 18 were significantly associated with bladder cancer risk. The most significant one was rs7571337, with the variant genotype conferring a 29% reduction in risk (OR=0.71; 95% CI=0.56–0.90). Conclusions: Total and specific fluid intakes are associated with bladder cancer risk in the study population and that genetic variants of UGT genes could modulate the effects. These results facilitate identification of high-risk individuals and have important implications in bladder cancer prevention.
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Shu X, Lin J, Wood CG, Tannir NM, Wu X. Energy balance, polymorphisms in the mTOR pathway, and renal cell carcinoma risk. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:424-32. [PMID: 23378641 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between obesity, physical activity, weight gain, and genetic variants in the mTOR pathway has not been studied in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We examined the associations between obesity, weight gain, physical activity, and RCC risk. We also analyzed whether genetic variants in the mTOR pathway could modify the association. METHODS Incident RCC case subjects and healthy control subjects were recruited from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. Case subjects and control subjects were frequency matched. Epidemiologic data were collected by in-person interview. One hundred ninety single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 22 genes in the mTOR pathway were extracted from previous genome-wide association studies. Logistic regression and regression spline were performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS A total of 577 non-Hispanic white case subjects and 593 healthy control subjects were included. Obesity at age 20 years (OR = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05 to 3.50; P = .03) and age 40 years (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.38 to 2.98; P < .001) and moderate (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.02 to 2.09; P = .04) and massive weight gain (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.10 to 2.39; P = .01) from age 20 to 40 years were each statistically significantly associated with increased RCC risk. Low physical activity was associated with a 4.08-fold increased risk. Among 190 SNPs in the mTOR pathway, six SNPs located in the AKT3 gene were statistically significantly associated with increased risk, and those with three or more unfavorable genotypes had a 1.72-fold increased risk of RCC. CONCLUSION Obesity, weight gain, physical activity, and genetic variants in the mTOR pathway may individually and jointly influence susceptibility to RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Shu
- Department of Epidemiology, Unit 1340, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Xu JL, Wang ZW, Hu LM, Yin ZQ, Huang MD, Hu ZB, Shen HB, Shu YQ. Genetic variants in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway predict platinum-based chemotherapy response of advanced non-small cell lung cancers in a Chinese population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:2157-62. [PMID: 22901187 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway has been implicated in resistance to cisplatin. In the current study, we determined whether common genetic variations in this pathway are associated with platinum-based chemotherapy response and clinical outcome in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS Seven common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in core genes of this pathway were genotyped in 199 patients and analyzed for associations with chemotherapy response, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Logistic regression analysis revealed an association between AKT1 rs2494752 and response to treatment. Patients carrying heterozygous AG had an increased risk of disease progression after two cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy compared to those with AA genotype (Adjusted odds ratio (OR)=2.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-4.77, which remained significant in the stratified analyses). However, log-rank test and cox regression detected no association between these polymorphisms in the PI3K pathway genes and survival in advanced NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that genetic variants in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway may predict platinum-based chemotherapy response in advanced NSCLC patients in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, and Department of Epidemioogy and Biostatistics, MOE Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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The mTOR Pathway and the Role of Energy Balance Throughout Life in Colorectal Cancer Etiology and Prognosis: Unravelling Mechanisms Through a Multidimensional Molecular Epidemiologic Approach. Curr Nutr Rep 2013; 2:19-26. [PMID: 23396869 PMCID: PMC3562550 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-012-0038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Timing of exposure to lifestyle factors that influence energy balance may differentially affect colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and prognosis. Caloric restriction in youth and short stature, as markers of early-life exposures, have shown to decrease CRC risk, whereas large body size and low physical activity levels in adulthood are established risk factors for CRC. Regarding prognosis, overweight, sarcopenia, and their co-occurrence (sarcopenic obesity) may negatively influence the health and quality of life of CRC survivors. There is mechanistic support for disruption of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway as an underlying mechanism possibly driving these associations, because mTOR integrates signals from growth factors, nutrients, mutagens, and hormones to induce cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and autophagy. However, epidemiologic evidence connecting mTOR to energy-balance-related CRC throughout the lifespan is scarce. This perspective proposes how multidimensional molecular epidemiologic studies can shed light on the etiology and prognosis of energy-balance-related CRC.
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Altomare DA, Khaled AR. Homeostasis and the importance for a balance between AKT/mTOR activity and intracellular signaling. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:3748-62. [PMID: 22680924 PMCID: PMC3414727 DOI: 10.2174/092986712801661130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The AKT family of serine threonine kinases is of critical importance with regard to growth factor signaling, cell proliferation, survival and oncogenesis. Engagement of signaling receptors induces the lipid kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which enables the activation of AKT. Responsive to the PI3K/AKT pathway is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a major effector that is specifically implicated in the regulation of cell growth as a result of nutrient availability and cellular bioenergetics. These kinases mediate the activity of a multitude of intracellular signaling molecules and intersect with multiple pathways that regulate cellular processes. Elucidating the role of AKT/mTOR in metabolism and in hallmark signaling pathways that are aberrantly affected in cancer has provided a solid foundation of discoveries. From this, new research directions are emerging with regard to the role of AKT/mTOR in diabetes and T cell-mediated immunity. As a result, a new perspective is developing in how AKT/mTOR functions within intracellular signaling pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis. An appreciation is emerging that altered equilibrium of AKT/mTOR pathways contributes to disease and malignancy. Such new insights may lead to novel intervention strategies that may be useful to reprogram or reset the balance of intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Altomare
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd., Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
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Leiba A, Kark JD, Afek A, Levi Z, Barchana M, Tzur D, Derazne E, Vivante A, Shamiss A. Overweight in adolescence is related to increased risk of future urothelial cancer. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:2445-50. [PMID: 22510956 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2012.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to various malignancies, but a clear relation of overweight with urothelial cancer has not been established. We assessed the association between adolescent obesity and future risk for urothelial cancer. Medical data on 1,110,835 Israeli adolescents examined for fitness for military duty between 1967 and 2005 were linked to the National Cancer Registry in this nationwide population-based cohort study. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to estimate the covariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for urothelial cancer associated with BMI measured at age 17. The mean follow-up of 17.6 ± 10.8 years reflected 19,576,635 person years, during which 661 examinees developed urothelial cancer of the bladder, ureter, or renal pelvis. BMI ≥ 85 th standard percentile in adolescence significantly predicted increased risk of urothelial cancer with a HR (adjusted for year of birth, education and religiosity) of 1.42 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13-1.77, P = 0.002). Similar results were observed using the ≥ 25 kg/m(2) definition of overweight (HR = 1.36 (95% CI, 1.08-1.72), P = 0.008). Incidence of urothelial cancer was significantly lower in the more educated and among those who attended religious schools. Overweight in adolescence is related to increased risk of future urothelial cancer. In view of the growing incidence of both urothelial cancer and adolescent obesity, our study suggests an avenue for possible prevention of urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Leiba
- Medical Corps, Israeli Defense Force, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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31
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Wolin KY, Stoll C. Physical activity and urologic cancers. Urol Oncol 2012; 30:729-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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