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Gurav MJ, Manasa J, Sanji AS, Megalamani PH, Chachadi VB. Lectin-glycan interactions: a comprehensive cataloguing of cancer-associated glycans for biorecognition and bio-alteration: a review. Glycoconj J 2024:10.1007/s10719-024-10161-y. [PMID: 39218819 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review meticulously compiles data on an array of lectins and their interactions with different cancer types through specific glycans. Crucially, it establishes the link between aberrant glycosylation and cancer types. This repository of lectin-defined glycan signatures, assumes paramount importance in the realm of cancer and its dynamic nature. Cancer, known for its remarkable heterogeneity and individualized behaviour, can be better understood through these glycan signatures. The current review discusses the important lectins and their carbohydrate specificities, especially recognizing glycans of cancer origin. The review also addresses the key aspects of differentially expressed glycans on normal and cancerous cell surfaces. Specific cancer types highlighted in this review include breast cancer, colon cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, and leukaemia. The glycan profiles unveiled through this review hold the key to tailor-made treatment and precise diagnostics. It opens up avenues to explore the potential of targeting glycosyltransferases and glycosidases linked with cancer advancement and metastasis. Armed with knowledge about specific glycan expressions, researchers can design targeted therapies to modulate glycan profiles, potentially hampering the advance of this relentless disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruti J Gurav
- Post Graduate Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - J Manasa
- Post Graduate Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini S Sanji
- Post Graduate Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna H Megalamani
- Post Graduate Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishwanath B Chachadi
- Post Graduate Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
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Ao X, Luo C, Zhang M, Liu L, Peng S. The efficacy of natural products for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14411. [PMID: 38073436 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originating in the nasopharyngeal epithelium with a high incidence in southern China and parts of Southeast Asia. The current treatment methods are mainly radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, they often have side effects and are not suitable for long-term exposure. Natural products have received more and more attention in cancer prevention and treatment because of their its high efficiency, low toxic side effects, and low toxicity. Natural products can serve as a viable alternative, and this study aimed to review the efficacy and mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of NPC by examining previous literature. Most natural products act by inhibiting cell proliferation, metastasis, inducing cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Although further research is needed to verify their effectiveness and safety, natural products can significantly improve the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Ao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Medical Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengni Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lisha Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shunlin Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Kenoth R, Sreekumar AK, Sukanya A, Prabu AA, Kamlekar RK. Interaction of sugar stabilised silver nanoparticles with Momordica charantia seed lectin, a type II ribosome inactivating protein. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:179-189. [PMID: 36800135 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10107-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-stabilised nanomaterials have received a lot of attention in cancer therapy in recent years due to their pronounced application as specific targeting agents and maximizing their therapeutic potential while bypassing off-target effects. Lectins, the carbohydrate-binding proteins, are capable of binding to receptors present on the target cell/tissue and interact with transformed glycans better than normal cells. Besides some of the lectins exhibit anticancer activity. Conjugating sugar-stabilised NPs with lectins there for is expected to multiply the potential for the early diagnosis of cancer cells and the specific release of drugs into the tumor site. Because of the prospective applications of lectin-sugar-stabilised nanoparticle conjugates, it is important to understand their molecular interaction and physicochemical properties. Momordica charantia Seed Lectin (MCL) is a type II RIP and has been known as an anti-tumor agent. Investigation of the interaction between sugar-stabilised silver nanoparticles and MCL has been performed by fluorescence spectroscopy to explore the possibility of creating an effective biocompatible drug delivery system against cancer cells. In this regard interaction between lectin and NPs should be well-preserved, while recognizing the specific cell surface sugar. Therefore experiments were carried out in the presence and absence of specific sugar galactose. Protein intrinsic fluorescence emission is quenched at ~ 20% at saturation during the interaction without any significant shift in fluorescence emission maximum. Binding experiments reveal a good affinity. Tetrameric MCL binds to a single nanoparticle. Stern-Volmer analysis of the quenching data suggests that the interaction is via static quenching leading to complex formation. Hemagglutination experiments together with interaction studies in the presence of specific sugar show that the sugar-binding site of the lectin is distinct from the nanoparticle-binding site and cell recognition is very much intact even after binding to AgNPs. Our results propose the possibility of developing MCL-silver nanoparticle conjugate with high stability and multiple properties in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Kenoth
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT Vellore, 632014, TN, Vellore, India.
| | - Arya K Sreekumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT Vellore, 632014, TN, Vellore, India
| | - A Sukanya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT Vellore, 632014, TN, Vellore, India
| | - A Anand Prabu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT Vellore, 632014, TN, Vellore, India
| | - Ravi Kanth Kamlekar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT Vellore, 632014, TN, Vellore, India.
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Bora AFM, Kouame KJEP, Li X, Liu L, Pan Y. New insights into the bioactive polysaccharides, proteins, and triterpenoids isolated from bitter melon (Momordica charantia) and their relevance for nutraceutical and food application: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123173. [PMID: 36642359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The recent trend in infectious diseases and chronic disorders has dramatically increased consumers' interest in functional foods. As a result, the research of bioactive ingredients with potential for nutraceutical and food application has rapidly become a topic of interest. In this optic, the plant Momordica charantia (M. charantia) has recently attracted the most attention owing to its numerous biological properties including anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancers among others. However, the current literature on M. charantia has mainly been concerned with the plant extract while little is known on the specific bioactive compounds responsible for the plant's health benefits. Hence, the present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent research progress on bioactives isolated from M. charantia, focusing on polysaccharides, proteins, and triterpenoids. Thus, this review provides an up-to-date account of the different extraction methods used to isolate M. charantia bioactives. In addition, the structural features and biological properties are presented. Moreover, this review discusses the current and promising applications of M. charantia bioactives with relevance to the nutraceutical and food industries. The information provided in this review will serve as a theoretical basis and practical support for the formulation of products enriched with M. charantia bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awa Fanny Massounga Bora
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang St., Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang St., Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Kouadio Jean Eric-Parfait Kouame
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang St., Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang St., Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang St., Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang St., Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China.
| | - Lu Liu
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang St., Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang St., Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang St., Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang St., Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China
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Richter E, Geetha T, Burnett D, Broderick TL, Babu JR. The Effects of Momordica charantia on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054643. [PMID: 36902074 PMCID: PMC10002567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T2DM is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. It is recognized as one of the most common metabolic disorders and its prevalence continues to raise major concerns in healthcare globally. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a gradual neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the chronic loss of cognitive and behavioral function. Recent research suggests a link between the two diseases. Considering the shared characteristics of both diseases, common therapeutic and preventive agents are effective. Certain bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals found in vegetables and fruits can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that allow for preventative or potential treatment options for T2DM and AD. Recently, it has been estimated that up to one-third of patients with diabetes use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. Increasing evidence from cell or animal models suggests that bioactive compounds may have a direct effect on reducing hyperglycemia, amplifying insulin secretion, and blocking the formation of amyloid plaques. One plant that has received substantial recognition for its numerous bioactive properties is Momordica charantia (M. charantia), otherwise known as bitter melon, bitter gourd, karela, and balsam pear. M. charantia is utilized for its glucose-lowering effects and is often used as a treatment for diabetes and related metabolic conditions amongst the indigenous populations of Asia, South America, India, and East Africa. Several pre-clinical studies have documented the beneficial effects of M. charantia through various postulated mechanisms. Throughout this review, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the bioactive components of M. charantia will be highlighted. More studies will be necessary to establish the clinical efficacy of the bioactive compounds within M. charantia to effectively determine its pertinence in the treatment of metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, such as T2DM and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Richter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Donna Burnett
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tom L. Broderick
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-223-844-3840
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EGFR and p38MAPK Contribute to the Apoptotic Effect of the Recombinant Lectin from Tepary Bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) in Colon Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous works showed that a Tepary bean lectin fraction (TBLF) induced apoptosis on colon cancer cells and inhibited early colonic tumorigenesis. One Tepary bean (TB) lectin was expressed in Pichia pastoris (rTBL-1), exhibiting similarities to one native lectin, where its molecular structure and in silico recognition of cancer-type N-glycoconjugates were confirmed. This work aimed to determine whether rTBL-1 retained its bioactive properties and if its apoptotic effect was related to EGFR pathways by studying its cytotoxic effect on colon cancer cells. Similar apoptotic effects of rTBL-1 with respect to TBLF were observed for cleaved PARP-1 and caspase 3, and cell cycle G0/G1 arrest and decreased S phase were observed for both treatments. Apoptosis induction on SW-480 cells was confirmed by testing HA2X, p53 phosphorylation, nuclear fragmentation, and apoptotic bodies. rTBL-1 increased EGFR phosphorylation but also its degradation by the lysosomal route. Phospho-p38 increased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, matching apoptotic markers, and STAT1 showed activation after rTBL-1 treatment. The results show that part of the rTBL-1 mechanism of action is related to p38 MAPK signaling. Future work will focus further on the target molecules of this recombinant lectin against colon cancer.
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Yuan MK, Kao JW, Wu WT, Chen CR, Chang CI, Wu YJ. Investigation of cell cytotoxic activity and molecular mechanism of 5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23( E)-diene-3β,19( R),25-triol isolated from Momordica charantia on hepatoma cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1214-1223. [PMID: 35760558 PMCID: PMC9246111 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2077766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae), known as bitter melon, is an edible fruit cultivated in the tropics. In this study, an active compound, 5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23(E)-diene-3β,19(R),25-triol (ECDT), isolated from M. charantia was investigated in regard to its cytotoxic effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. OBJECTIVE To examine the mechanisms of ECDT-induced apoptosis in HCC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibitive activity of ECDT on HA22T HCC cells was examined by MTT assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, TUNEL/DAPI staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (PI) staining and JC-1 dye. HA22T cells were treated with ECDT (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 μM) for 24 h, and the molecular mechanism of cells apoptosis was examined by Western blot. Cells treated with vehicle DMSO were used as the negative control. RESULTS ECDT inhibited the cell proliferation of HA22T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry showed that ECDT treatment at 10-20 μM increased early apoptosis by 10-14% and late apoptosis by 2-5%. Western blot revealed that ECDT treatment activated the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway, and ECDT-induced apoptosis was mediated by the caspase signalling pathway and activation of JNK and p38MAPK. Pre-treatment of cells with MAPK inhibitors (SB203580 or SP600125) reversed the ECDT-induced cell death, which further supported the involvement of the p38MAPK and JNK pathways. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that ECDT can induce apoptosis through the p38MAPK and JNK pathways in HA22T cells. The findings suggested that ECDT has a valuable anticancer property with the potential to be developed as a new chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kang Yuan
- Department of Radiology, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Wen Kao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Meiho University, Neipu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tung Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Meiho University, Neipu, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Neipu, Taiwan
| | - Chiy-Rong Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Neipu, Taiwan
- Yu Jun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Enhanced DNA nuclease activity of Momordica charantia lectin by biomimetic mineralization as hybrid copper phosphate nanoflowers and as zeolitic imidazole frameworks. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1925-1935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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The Updated Review on Plant Peptides and Their Applications in Human Health. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022; 28:135. [PMID: 35911180 PMCID: PMC9326430 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active plant peptides, consisting of secondary metabolites, are compounds (amino acids) utilized by plants in their defense arsenal. Enzymatic processes and metabolic pathways secrete these plant peptides. They are also known for their medicinal value and have been incorporated in therapeutics of major human diseases. Nevertheless, its limitations (low bioavailability, high cytotoxicity, poor absorption, low abundance, improper metabolism, etc.) have demanded a need to explore further and discover other new plant compounds that overcome these limitations. Keeping this in mind, therapeutic plant proteins can be excellent remedial substitutes for bodily affliction. A multitude of these peptides demonstrates anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, anti-HIV, and neuro-regulating properties. This article's main aim is to list out and report the status of various therapeutic plant peptides and their prospective status as peptide-based drugs for multiple diseases (infectious and non-infectious). The feasibility of these compounds in the imminent future has also been discussed.
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Gayathry KS, John JA. A comprehensive review on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) as a gold mine of functional bioactive components for therapeutic foods. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBitter gourd is a tropical wine grown mainly in India, China and South East Asia. The plant is cultivated mainly for its fruit part which is edible. Bitter gourd is unaccepted widely due to its bitter taste. Nevertheless, the fruit is a source of several key nutrients. The plant, as a whole contains, more than 60 phyto-medicines that are active against more than 30 diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Currently, the incorporation of the bioactive compounds isolated from bitter gourd into functional foods and beverages finds a new horizon. Nanoencapsulation and novel green extraction methods can be employed to improve the yield and quality of extracted compounds and their stability while incorporation into food products. The present review is an attempt to throw light to nutritional aspects, various bioactive compounds present and important nutraceutical properties of the bitter gourd plant in detail.
Graphical Abstract
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Wang F, Wu P, Qin S, Deng Y, Han P, Li X, Fan C, Xu Y. Curcin C inhibit osteosarcoma cell line U2OS proliferation by ROS induced apoptosis, autophagy and cell cycle arrest through activating JNK signal pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:433-439. [PMID: 34896468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a kind of primary bone malignant tumors. Its cure rate has been stagnant in the past decade years. Curcin C belongs to type I ribosome inactivating proteins, extracted from the cotyledons of post-germinated Jatropha curcas seeds. It can inhibit the proliferation of several tumor lines including U2OS cells with extraordinary efficiency. The treated U2OS cells were arrested in both S and G2/M phase, showed typical apoptosis morphological characteristic, formed autophagosomes and increase the ratio of LC3II to LC3I. Meanwhile, the level of ROS in the treated cells was found increasing significantly, with the change of mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities. The application of ROS scavenger NAC not only significantly inhibited the toxicity of Curcin C but also prevented the happen of apoptosis and autophagy to some extent. These results suggested that Curcin C may function through ROS pathway. In addition, the Curcin C treatment could activate JNK and inhibit ERK signal pathway. Sp600125, an inhibitor of JNK signaling pathway, can prevent subsequent apoptosis and autophagy events, suggesting that JNK pathway was at least one of the pathways of Curcin C action. Moreover, the relevant including antagonistic among autophagy, apoptosis and cell cycle arresting induced by Curcin C also was found. In summary, it can be speculated that Curcin C may induce S, G2/M phase arrest, apoptosis and autophagy of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells through activating JNK signal pathway and blocking ERK signal pathway by promoting ROS accumulation in cell, thus finally reflected in the effect of inhibiting tumor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siying Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Han
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Evary YM, Masyita A, Kurnianto AA, Asri RM, Rifai Y. Molecular docking of phytochemical compounds of Momordica charantia as potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:e130122200221. [PMID: 35049440 DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220113143358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recently declared as a global public health emergency, where the infection is caused by SARS-CoV-2. Nowadays, there is no specific treatment to cure this infection. SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and SARS spike glycoprotein-human ACE2 complex have been recognized as suitable targets for treatment including COVID-19 vaccines. OBJECTIVE In our current study, we identified the potential of Momordica charantia as a prospective alternative and a choice in dietary food during pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 16 bioactive compounds of Momordica charantia were screened for activity against 6LU7 and 6CS2 with AutoDock Vina. RESULTS We found that momordicoside B showed lowest binding energy compared with other compounds. In addition, kuguaglycoside A and cucurbitadienol provide better profiles for drug-like properties based on Lipinski's rule of five. CONCLUSION Our result indicates that these molecules may be further explored as promising candidates against SARS-CoV-2 or just simply suggested that Momordica charantia as one of the best food alternatives to be consumed during pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayu Masyita
- Hasanuddin University, Pharmacy Science and Technology Department
| | | | | | - Yusnita Rifai
- Hasanuddin University, Pharmacy Science and Technology Department
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13
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Li Y, Li Y, Xia J, Yang Q, Chen Y, Sun H. 3'-Sulfo-TF Antigen Determined by GAL3ST2/ST3GAL1 Is Essential for Antitumor Activity of Fungal Galectin AAL/AAGL. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:17379-17390. [PMID: 34278124 PMCID: PMC8280635 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many lectins have been reported to have antitumor activities; identifying the glycan ligands in tumor cells of lectins is crucial for lectin clinical application. An edible mushroom galectin, Agrocybe aegerita lectin (AAL/AAGL), that has a high antitumor activity has been reported. In this paper, based on the glycan array data, it is showed that the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF antigen)-related O-glycans were found to be highly correlated with the antitumor activity of AAL/AAGL. Further glycosyltransferase quantification suggested that the ratio between GAL3ST2 and ST3GAL1 (GAL3ST2/ST3GAL1), which determined the 3'-sulfo-TF expression level, was highly correlated with the antitumor activity of AAL/AAGL. Overexpressing the enzyme of GAL3ST2 in HL60 and HeLa cell lines could increase the growth inhibition ratio of AAL/AAGL from 22.7 to 43.9% and 27.8 to 39.1%, respectively. However, ST3GAL1 in Jurkat cells could decrease the growth inhibition ratio from 44.7 to 35.6%. All the data suggested that the 3'-sulfo-TF antigen is one of the main glycan ligands that AAL/AAGL recognizes in tumor cells. AAL/AAGL may potentially serve as a reagent for cancer diagnosis and a targeted therapy for the 3'-sulfo-TF antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- College
of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic
University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430023, P. R. China
| | - Yijie Chen
- College
of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong
Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, P. R. China
- Hubei
Province key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, P. R. China
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14
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Hsieh MC, Lo YS, Chuang YC, Lin CC, Ho HY, Hsieh MJ, Lin JT. Dehydrocrenatidine extracted from Picrasma quassioides induces the apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through the JNK and ERK signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:166. [PMID: 34165177 PMCID: PMC8218301 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an indicator disease in Asia due to its unique geographical and ethnic distribution. Dehydrocrenatidine (DC) is a β-carboline alkaloid abundantly present in Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn, a deciduous shrub or small tree native to temperate regions of southern Asia, and β-carboline alkaloids play anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative roles in various cancers. However, the mechanism and function of DC in human NPC cells remain only partially explored. The present study aimed to examine the cytotoxicity and biochemical role of DC in human NPC cells. The MTT method, cell cycle analysis, DAPI determination, Annexin V/PI double staining, and mitochondrial membrane potential examination were performed to evaluate the effects of DC treatment on human NPC cell lines. In addition, western blotting analysis was used to explore the effect of DC on apoptosis and signaling pathways in related proteins. The analysis results confirmed that DC significantly reduced the viability of NPC cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis through internal and external apoptotic pathways (including cell cycle arrest, altered mitochondrial membrane potential, and activated death receptors). Western blot analysis illustrated that DC's effect on related proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway can induce apoptosis by enhancing ERK phosphorylation and inhibiting Janus kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. Notably, DC induced apoptosis by affecting the phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, and DC and inhibitors (SP600125 and U0126) in combination restored the overexpression of p-JNK and p-ERK. To date, this is the first study to confirm the apoptosis pathway induced by DC phosphorylation of p-JNK and p-REK in human NPC. On the basis of evidence obtained from this study, DC targeting the inhibition of NPC cell lines may be a promising future strategy for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ching Chuang
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Yu Ho
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Tsun Lin
- Post Baccalaureate Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
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15
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Wani SS, Dar PA, Zargar SM, Dar TA. Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plant Proteins: Present Status and Future Perspectives. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:443-487. [PMID: 31746291 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666191119095624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biologically active molecules obtained from plant sources, mostly including secondary metabolites, have been considered to be of immense value with respect to the treatment of various human diseases. However, some inevitable limitations associated with these secondary metabolites like high cytotoxicity, low bioavailability, poor absorption, low abundance, improper metabolism, etc., have forced the scientific community to explore medicinal plants for alternate biologically active molecules. In this context, therapeutically active proteins/peptides from medicinal plants have been promoted as a promising therapeutic intervention for various human diseases. A large number of proteins isolated from the medicinal plants have been shown to exhibit anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-HIV, anticancerous, ribosome-inactivating and neuro-modulatory activities. Moreover, with advanced technological developments in the medicinal plant research, medicinal plant proteins such as Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor and Mistletoe Lectin-I are presently under clinical trials against prostate cancer, oral carcinomas and malignant melanoma. Despite these developments and proteins being potential drug candidates, to date, not a single systematic review article has documented the therapeutical potential of the available biologically active medicinal plant proteome. The present article was therefore designed to describe the current status of the therapeutically active medicinal plant proteins/peptides vis-à-vis their potential as future protein-based drugs for various human diseases. Future insights in this direction have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snober Shabeer Wani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Parvaiz A Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sajad M Zargar
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, S. K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Srinagar, Shalimar-190025, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tanveer A Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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16
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Zhu F, Zhu P, Xu F, Che Y, Ma Y, Ji Z. Alpha-momorcharin enhances Nicotiana benthamiana resistance to tobacco mosaic virus infection through modulation of reactive oxygen species. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:1212-1226. [PMID: 32713165 PMCID: PMC7411664 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-momorcharin (α-MMC), a member of the plant ribosomal inactivating proteins (RIPs) family, has been proven to exhibit important biological properties in animals, including antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumour activities. However, the mechanism by which α-MMC increases plant resistance to viral infections remains unclear. To study the effect of α-MMC on plant viral defence and how α-MMC increases plant resistance to viruses, recombinant DNA and transgenic technologies were employed to investigate the role of α-MMC in Nicotiana benthamiana resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection. Treatment with α-MMC produced through DNA recombinant technology or overexpression of α-MMC mediated by transgenic technology alleviated TMV-induced oxidative damage and reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during TMV-green fluorescent protein infection of N. benthamiana. There was a significant decrease in TMV replication in the upper leaves following local α-MMC treatment and in α-MMC-overexpressing plants relative to control plants. These results suggest that application or overexpression of α-MMC in N. benthamiana increases resistance to TMV infection. Finally, our results showed that overexpression of α-MMC up-regulated the expression of ROS scavenging-related genes. α-MMC confers resistance to TMV infection by means of modulating ROS homeostasis through controlling the expression of antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes. Overall, our study revealed a new crosstalk mechanism between α-MMC and ROS during resistance to viral infection and provides a framework to understand the molecular mechanisms of α-MMC in plant defence against viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Peng‐Xiang Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Fei Xu
- Applied Biotechnology CenterWuhan Institute of BioengineeringWuhanChina
| | - Yan‐Ping Che
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yi‐Ming Ma
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Zhao‐Lin Ji
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
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17
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Sur S, Ray RB. Bitter Melon ( Momordica Charantia), a Nutraceutical Approach for Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2064. [PMID: 32726914 PMCID: PMC7464160 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Many dietary plant products show promising anticancer effects. Bitter melon or bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is a nutrient-rich medicinal plant cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of many countries. Traditionally, bitter melon is used as a folk medicine and contains many bioactive components including triterpenoids, triterpene glycoside, phenolic acids, flavonoids, lectins, sterols and proteins that show potential anticancer activity without significant side effects. The preventive and therapeutic effects of crude extract or isolated components are studied in cell line-based models and animal models of multiple types of cancer. In the present review, we summarize recent progress in testing the cancer preventive and therapeutic activity of bitter melon with a focus on underlying molecular mechanisms. The crude extract and its components prevent many types of cancers by enhancing reactive oxygen species generation; inhibiting cancer cell cycle, cell signaling, cancer stem cells, glucose and lipid metabolism, invasion, metastasis, hypoxia, and angiogenesis; inducing apoptosis and autophagy cell death, and enhancing the immune defense. Thus, bitter melon may serve as a promising cancer preventive and therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Sur
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Ratna B. Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
- Cancer Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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18
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Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Alamgeer, Saleem M. A Comprehensive Review on Ethnomedicinal, Pharmacological and Phytochemical Basis of Anticancer Medicinal Plants of Pakistan. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:120-151. [PMID: 29984657 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180706164536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The widespread emergence of cancer and development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is increasing the interest of scientists in the use of ethnomedicinal preparations and isolated phytochemicals in the treatment and prevention of disease. Medicinal plants have been used in Pakistan since prehistoric times. The present review was designed to identify anticancer plants of ethnomedicinal significance and to summarize the anticancer activities carried out on these medicinal plants to establish the pharmacological and phytochemical basis of their use. Pakistani anticancer medicinal plants of ethnopharmacological significance were reviewed. Conservation status, worldwide distribution and ethno-botanical preparations of these medicinal plants were also tabulated. These medicinal plants and their isolated phytochemicals were also explored for their anticancer activities. It was revealed that there were 108 anticancer medicinal plants used to treat different neoplastic conditions on the folklore basis throughout Pakistan. Among these anticancer plants, 64 plants were found to be investigated previously for anticancer activity through in vivo and in vitro methods. Several ethnomedicinal plants have been validated for their anticancer activities through in vitro and animal models. These medicinal plants and phytochemicals resulted in the inhibition of initiation, progression or metastasis of neoplasm. Some medicinal plants (10) are endangered species. Half of folkloric Pakistani plants have been validated for use against various cancers through in vitro or in vivo methods. It is necessary to carry out further pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of these folkloric anticancer plants of Pakistan. It is also necessary to identify and isolate further potential phytochemicals so as to be evaluated in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Alamgeer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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19
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Wong JH, Bao H, Ng TB, Chan HHL, Ng CCW, Man GCW, Wang H, Guan S, Zhao S, Fang EF, Rolka K, Liu Q, Li C, Sha O, Xia L. New ribosome-inactivating proteins and other proteins with protein synthesis-inhibiting activities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4211-4226. [PMID: 32193575 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) consist of three varieties. Type 1 RIPs are single-chained and approximately 30-kDa in molecular weight. Type 2 RIPs are double-chained and composed of a type 1 RIP chain and a lectin chain. Type III RIPs, such as maize b-32 barley and JIP60 which are produced as single-domain proenzymes, possess an N-terminal domain corresponding to the A domain of RIPs and fused to a C-terminal domain. In addition to the aforementioned three types of RIPs originating from flowering plants, there are recently discovered proteins and peptides with ribosome-inactivating and protein synthesis inhibitory activities but which are endowed with characteristics such as molecular weights distinctive from those of the regular RIPs. These new/unusual RIPs discussed in the present review encompass metazoan RIPs from Anopheles and Culex mosquitos, antimicrobial peptides derived from RIP of the pokeweed Phytolacca dioica, maize RIP (a type III RIP derived from a precursor form), RIPs from the garden pea and the kelp. In addition, RIPs with a molecular weight smaller than those of regular type 1 RIPs are produced by plants in the Cucurbitaceae family including the bitter gourd, bottle gourd, sponge gourd, ridge gourd, wax gourd, hairy gourd, pumpkin, and Chinese cucumber. A small type II RIP from camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) seeds and a snake gourd type II RIP with its catalytic chain cleaved into two have been reported. RIPs produced from mushrooms including the golden needle mushroom, king tuber mushroom, straw mushroom, and puffball mushroom are also discussed in addition to a type II RIP from the mushroom Polyporus umbellatus. Bacterial (Spiroplasma) RIPs associated with the fruitfly, Shiga toxin, and Streptomyces coelicolor RIP are also dealt with. The aforementioned proteins display a diversity of molecular weights, amino acid sequences, and mechanisms of action. Some of them are endowed with exploitable antipathogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Ho Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | - Gene Chi Wai Man
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Suzhen Guan
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Evandro Fei Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
| | - Krzysztof Rolka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Qin Liu
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunman Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ou Sha
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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20
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Fang EF, Froetscher L, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Bohr VA, Wong JH, Ng TB. Emerging Antitumor Activities of the Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia). Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:296-301. [PMID: 29932035 DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666180622095800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bitter melon or bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is a common vegetable in Asia and it is distinctive for its bitter taste. As an ingredient in folk medicine, research from different laboratories in recent years supports its potential medicinal applications with anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-HIV activities in both in vitro and animal studies. In this short review, we summarize herein the recent progress in the antitumor aspect of bitter melon with a focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms. Further mechanistic studies as well as clinical trials are necessary to further verify its medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Fei Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, United States
| | - Lynn Froetscher
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, United States
| | | | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, United States
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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21
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Dar PA, Mir SA, Bhat JA, Hamid A, Singh LR, Malik F, Dar TA. An anti-cancerous protein fraction from Withania somnifera induces ROS-dependent mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:77-87. [PMID: 31121227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera exhibits different pharmacological activities which mainly stem from its broad range of bioactive molecules. Majority of these bioactive molecules, fall into the groupings of alkaloids, steroidal lactones, phenolic compounds and glycoproteins. In this study, we evaluated a novel protein fraction, named here as WSPF, isolated from Withania somnifera roots for its cytotoxic properties against various human cancer cell lines. WSPF exhibited apoptotic activity for each cancer cell line tested, demonstrating significant activity against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells with an IC50 value of 92 μg/mL. WSPF induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells via extensive reactive oxygen species generation, dysregulation of Bax/Bcl-2, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3 activation. Additionally, we observed G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest, cleavage of nuclear lamin A/C proteins, and nuclear morphological changes. The present results highlight the anti-cancer properties of WSPF, indicating that the proteins in this fraction can be potential therapeutic agents for triple negative breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz A Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sameer A Mir
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-IIIM, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Javeed A Bhat
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-IIIM, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abid Hamid
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Laishram R Singh
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-IIIM, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Tanveer A Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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22
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Bhutia SK, Panda PK, Sinha N, Praharaj PP, Bhol CS, Panigrahi DP, Mahapatra KK, Saha S, Patra S, Mishra SR, Behera BP, Patil S, Maiti TK. Plant lectins in cancer therapeutics: Targeting apoptosis and autophagy-dependent cell death. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:8-18. [PMID: 30951812 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant lectins are non-immunoglobin in nature and bind to the carbohydrate moiety of the glycoconjugates without altering any of the recognized glycosyl ligands. Plant lectins have found applications as cancer biomarkers for recognizing the malignant tumor cells for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Interestingly, plant lectins contribute to inducing cell death through autophagy and apoptosis, indicating their potential implication in cancer inhibitory mechanism. In the present review, anticancer activities of major plant lectins have been documented, with a detailed focus on the signaling circuit for the possible molecular targeted cancer therapy. In this context, several lectins have exhibited preclinical and clinical significance, driving toward therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Moreover, several plant lectins induce immunomodulatory activities, and therefore, novel strategies have been established from preclinical and clinical investigations for the development of combinatorial treatment consisting of immunotherapy along with other anticancer therapies. Although the application of plant lectins in cancer is still in very preliminary stage, advanced high-throughput technology could pave the way for the development of lectin-based complimentary medicine for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit K Bhutia
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India.
| | - Prashanta K Panda
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Niharika Sinha
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Chandra S Bhol
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Debasna P Panigrahi
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Kewal K Mahapatra
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Sarbari Saha
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Soumya R Mishra
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Bishnu P Behera
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tapas K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India
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23
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Wong JH, Sze SCW, Ng TB, Cheung RCF, Tam C, Zhang KY, Dan X, Chan YS, Shing Cho WC, Ng CCW, Waye MMY, Liang W, Zhang J, Yang J, Ye X, Lin J, Ye X, Wang H, Liu F, Chan DW, Ngan HYS, Sha O, Li G, Tse R, Tse TF, Chan H. Apoptosis and Anti-cancer Drug Discovery: The Power of Medicinal Fungi and Plants. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5613-5630. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170720165005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this account is to review the compounds capable of eliciting
mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells produced by medicinal fungi and plants.
The medicinal fungi discussed encompass Cordyceps, Ganoderma species, Coriolus versicolor
and Hypsizygus marmoreus. The medicinal plants discussed comprise Astragalus
complanatus, Dendrobium spp, Dioscorea spp, Glycyrrhiza spp, Panax notoginseng,
Panax ginseng, and Momordica charantia. These compounds have the potential of development
into anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Cho Wing Sze
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chit Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kalin Yanbo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiuli Dan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yau Sang Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Chi Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Mary Miu Yee Waye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weicheng Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Xiuyun Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Juan Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Xiujuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - David Wai Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hextan Yuen Sheung Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ou Sha
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Vita Green Pharmaceuticals (HK) Ltd, Vita Green Health Products (HK) Ltd Genning Partners Company Limited, and Hong Kong Institute of Medical Research, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ryan Tse
- Vita Green Pharmaceuticals (HK) Ltd, Vita Green Health Products (HK) Ltd Genning Partners Company Limited, and Hong Kong Institute of Medical Research, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tak Fu Tse
- Vita Green Pharmaceuticals (HK) Ltd, Vita Green Health Products (HK) Ltd Genning Partners Company Limited, and Hong Kong Institute of Medical Research, Hong Kong, China
| | - Helen Chan
- Vita Green Pharmaceuticals (HK) Ltd, Vita Green Health Products (HK) Ltd Genning Partners Company Limited, and Hong Kong Institute of Medical Research, Hong Kong, China
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Singh SS, Wong JH, Ng TB, Singh WS, Thangjam R. Biomedical Applications of Lectins from Traditional Chinese Medicine. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:220-230. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666180612081709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins of non-immune origin which have at least one noncatalytic
domain that bind reversibly to specific mono or oligosaccharides. Traditional Chinese Medicine
(TCM) involves a broad range of medicinal practices sharing common concepts which have been
developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than thousands of years. Plant materials which
are commonly used in TCM as a complementary or alternative for Western medical treatments contain a
considerable number of important lectins. These lectins have been reported to have various applications
and uses such as cancer treatment, glycoconjugate research, biomarker development, and others. Here,
we summarize the available literature related to lectins from TCM and recent trends in their potential
biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senjam Sunil Singh
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal-795003, India
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wayenbam Sobhachandra Singh
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal-795003, India
| | - Robert Thangjam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl - 796 004, India
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Saeed F, Afzaal M, Niaz B, Arshad MU, Tufail T, Hussain MB, Javed A. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): a natural healthy vegetable. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1446023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Niaz
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Arshad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hussain
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) as a rich source of bioactive components to combat cancer naturally: Are we on the right track to fully unlock its potential as inhibitor of deregulated signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:98-105. [PMID: 29753870 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research over decades has progressively explored pharmacological actions of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). Biologically and pharmacologically active molecules isolated from M. charantia have shown significant anti-cancer activity in cancer cell lines and xenografted mice. In this review spotlight was set on the bioactive compounds isolated from M. charantia that effectively inhibited cancer development and progression via regulation of protein network in cancer cells. We summarize most recent high-quality research work in cancer cell lines and xenografted mice related to tumor suppressive role-play of M. charantia and its bioactive compounds. Although M. charantia mediated health promoting, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory effects have been extensively investigated, there is insufficient information related to regulation of signaling networks by bioactive molecules obtained from M. charantia in different cancers. M. charantia has been shown to modulate AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling, p38MAPK-MAPKAPK-2/HSP-27 pathway, cell cycle regulatory proteins and apoptosis-associated proteins in different cancers. However, still there are visible knowledge gaps related to the drug targets in different cancers because we have not yet developed comprehensive understanding of the M. charantia mediated regulation of signal transduction pathways. To explore these questions, experimental platforms are needed that can prove to be helpful in getting a step closer to personalized medicine.
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Jiang Y, Miao J, Wang D, Zhou J, Liu B, Jiao F, Liang J, Wang Y, Fan C, Zhang Q. MAP30 promotes apoptosis of U251 and U87 cells by suppressing the LGR5 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and enhancing Smac expression. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5833-5840. [PMID: 29556310 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant antitumor activity of Momordica anti-human immunodeficiency virus protein of 30 kDa (MAP30) purified from Momordica charantia has been the subject of previous research. However, the effective mechanism of MAP30 on malignant glioma cells has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of MAP30 on U87 and U251 cell lines. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, wound healing assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the effects on U87 and U251 cells treated with different concentrations of MAP30 (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 µM) over different periods of time. Proliferation, migration and invasion of each cell line were markedly inhibited by MAP30 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry and fluorescence staining demonstrated that apoptosis increased and the cell cycle was arrested in S-phase in the two investigated cell lines following MAP30 treatment. Western blot analysis demonstrated that leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) expression and key proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were apparently decreased, whereas second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac) protein expression significantly increased with MAP30 treatment in the same manner. These results suggest that MAP30 markedly induces apoptosis in U87 and U251 cell lines by suppressing LGR5 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and enhancing Smac expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Jingru Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Jiangfeng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Yangshuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Cungang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Qingjun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
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28
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Cao XW, Yang XZ, Du X, Fu LY, Zhang TZ, Shan HW, Zhao J, Wang FJ. Structure optimisation to improve the delivery efficiency and cell selectivity of a tumour-targeting cell-penetrating peptide. J Drug Target 2018; 26:777-792. [PMID: 29303375 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1424858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) is used for the delivery of biomacromolecules across the cell membrane and is limited in cancer therapy due to the lack of cell selectivity. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been widely used in clinical targeted therapy for tumours. Here, we reported a novel tumour targeting cell-penetrating peptide (TCPP), EHB (ELBD-C6H) with 20-fold and 3000-fold greater transmembrane ability and tumour cell selectivity than our previously reported S3-HBD and classic CPP TAT, respectively. In this new TCPP, a specific alpha helix structure was inserted into a repeated amino acid (AA) sequence formed by tandem multiple selected key AA residues of vaccinia growth factor (VGF), and this sequence was then fused to a tailored heparin binding domain sequence (C6H) derived from heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor to intensify its targeting delivery ability. EHB could carry anticancer proteins such as MAP30 (Momordica Antiviral Protein 30 kDa) into EGFR-overexpressing cancer cell and inhibit cell growth, but it had a greatly reduced interaction with normal cells. These results indicated that EHB, as a novel efficient TCPP for the selective delivery of drug molecules into cancer cells, would help to improve the efficacy and safety of anti-tumour drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Cao
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Xu-Zhong Yang
- b Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Xuan Du
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Long-Yun Fu
- b Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Tao-Zhu Zhang
- b Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Han-Wen Shan
- b Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Jian Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Fu-Jun Wang
- b Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Zhejiang , PR China.,c Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , PR China
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29
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Jia S, Shen M, Zhang F, Xie J. Recent Advances in Momordica charantia: Functional Components and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2555. [PMID: 29182587 PMCID: PMC5751158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, and its fruit has been used as a vegetable for thousands of years. Phytochemicals including proteins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpenes, saponins, ascorbic acid and steroids have been found in this plant. Various biological activities of M. charantia have been reported, such as antihyperglycemic, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antimutagenic, antiulcer, antilipolytic, antifertility, hepatoprotective, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, both in vitro and in vivo studies have also demonstrated that M. charantia may also exert toxic or adverse effects under different conditions. This review addresses the chemical constituents of M. charantia and discusses their pharmacological activities as well as their adverse effects, aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the phytochemistry and biological activities of M. charantia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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30
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Prophetic medicine as potential functional food elements in the intervention of cancer: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:614-648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Plant Lectins as Medical Tools against Digestive System Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071403. [PMID: 28671623 PMCID: PMC5535896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system cancers-those of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon-rectum, liver, and pancreas-are highly related to genetics and lifestyle. Most are considered highly mortal due to the frequency of late diagnosis, usually in advanced stages, caused by the absence of symptoms or masked by other pathologies. Different tools are being investigated in the search of a more precise diagnosis and treatment. Plant lectins have been studied because of their ability to recognize and bind to carbohydrates, exerting a variety of biological activities on animal cells, including anticancer activities. The present report integrates existing information on the activity of plant lectins on various types of digestive system cancers, and surveys the current state of research into their properties for diagnosis and selective treatment.
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32
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Lin YT, Wang HC, Hsu YC, Cho CL, Yang MY, Chien CY. Capsaicin Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Downregulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28644386 PMCID: PMC5535836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is a potential chemotherapeutic agent for different human cancers. In Southeast China, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has the highest incidence of all cancers, but final treatment outcomes are unsatisfactory. However, there is a lack of information regarding the anticancer activity of capsaicin in NPC cells, and its effects on the signaling transduction pathways related to apoptosis and autophagy remain unclear. In the present study, the precise mechanisms by which capsaicin exerts anti-proliferative effects, cell cycle arrest, autophagy and apoptosis were investigated in NPC-TW01 cells. Exposure to capsaicin inhibited cancer cell growth and increased G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to measure capsaicin-induced autophagy via involvement of the class III PI3K/Beclin-1/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Capsaicin induced autophagy by increasing levels of the autophagy markers LC3-II and Atg5, enhancing p62 and Fap-1 degradation and increasing caspase-3 activity to induce apoptosis, suggesting a correlation of blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway with the above-mentioned anticancer activities. Taken together, these data confirm that capsaicin inhibited the growth of human NPC cells and induced autophagy, supporting its potential as a therapeutic agent for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tsai Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Head and Neck Oncology Group, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Chen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science and Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Lung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Yu Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yen Chien
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Head and Neck Oncology Group, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
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33
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Poiroux G, Barre A, van Damme EJM, Benoist H, Rougé P. Plant Lectins Targeting O-Glycans at the Cell Surface as Tools for Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061232. [PMID: 28598369 PMCID: PMC5486055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant O-glycans expressed at the surface of cancer cells consist of membrane-tethered glycoproteins (T and Tn antigens) and glycolipids (Lewis a, Lewis x and Forssman antigens). All of these O-glycans have been identified as glyco-markers of interest for the diagnosis and the prognosis of cancer diseases. These epitopes are specifically detected using T/Tn-specific lectins isolated from various plants such as jacalin from Artocarpus integrifola, and fungi such as the Agaricus bisporus lectin. These lectins accommodate T/Tn antigens at the monosaccharide-binding site; residues located in the surrounding extended binding-site of the lectins often participate in the binding of more extended epitopes. Depending on the shape and size of the extended carbohydrate-binding site, their fine sugar-binding specificity towards complex O-glycans readily differs from one lectin to another, resulting in a great diversity in their sugar-recognition capacity. T/Tn-specific lectins have been extensively used for the histochemical detection of cancer cells in biopsies and for the follow up of the cancer progression and evolution. T/Tn-specific lectins also induce a caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells, often associated with a more or less severe inhibition of proliferation. Moreover, they provide another potential source of molecules adapted to the building of photosensitizer-conjugates allowing a specific targeting to cancer cells, for the photodynamic treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Poiroux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France.
| | - Annick Barre
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Els J M van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Hervé Benoist
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Pierre Rougé
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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Chang CD, Lin PY, Chen YC, Huang HH, Shih WL. Novel purification method and antibiotic activity of recombinant Momordica charantia MAP30. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:3. [PMID: 28389897 PMCID: PMC5383789 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are a group of enzymes originally isolated from plants that possess the ability to damage ribosomes in an irreversible manner, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. In this study, we aimed to purify recombinant RIPs, investigate their function in the treatment of bacterial infection, and determine their toxicity in mice. We employed a pMAL protein fusion and purification system using E. coli transformed with a plasmid containing MBP-tagged MAP30 cDNA. MBP-tagged MAP30 was purified using a modified novel protocol to effectively produce highly active MAP30 of high purity. In an acute toxicity study in mice, no mortality occurred at doses lower than 1.25 mg/kg. MAP30 at both 0.42 and 0.14 mg/kg induced anti-MAP30 IgG, which reached a maximum titer at week 3. In conclusion, recombinant MAP30 prepared using our purification method possesses bioactivity, and has a synergistic bacteria-killing effect that can significantly reduce the required dosages of chloramphenicol and erythromycin. Therefore, when MAP30 is used in combination with chloramphenicol or erythromycin, it may of benefit in terms of reducing the side effects of the antibiotics, as lower concentrations of antibiotics are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Dong Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yuan Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Chia Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Han-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Shih
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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Mu LH, Wang YN, Wang DX, Zhang J, Liu L, Dong XZ, Hu Y, Liu P. AG36 Inhibits Human Breast Cancer Cells Proliferation by Promotion of Apoptosis In vitro and In vivo. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:15. [PMID: 28184196 PMCID: PMC5266696 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AG36 is the biotransformation product of triterpenoid saponin from Ardisia gigantifolia stapf. In this study, the antitumor activity and underlying molecular mechanisms of AG36 against human breast MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SK-BR-3 cancer cells were investigated. AG36 inhibited the viability of MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SK-BR-3 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner, with an IC50 of approximately 0.73, 18.1, and 23.4 μM at 48 h, respectively. AG36 obviously induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest of all the three breast cancer cells. Moreover, AG36 decreased the protein expression of cycle regulatory proteins cyclin B1 or cyclin D1. In MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, AG36 strongly increased the cleaved caspase-3 and -8 protein expressions, while in SK-BR-3 cells, AG36 only increased the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3. In all the three breast cancer cells, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and cytosolic cytochrome c content increased significantly compared with control group. The death receptor-related proteins Fas/FasL, TNFR1, and DR5 were detected by Western blot, it showed that different breast cancer cells activated the death receptor-mediated extrinsic caspase-8 pathway through different receptors. In addition, the caspase-8 inhibitor z-IETD-fmk could significantly block AG36-triggered MCF-7 cells apoptosis. The in vivo studies showed that AG36 significantly inhibited the growth of MCF-7 xenograft tumors in BALB/c nude mice comparing with control. In conclusion, AG36 inhibited MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SK-BR-3 cells proliferation by the intrinsic mitochondrial and the extrinsic death receptor pathways and AG36 might be a potential breast cancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Mu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ning Wang
- Department of Clinical Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China; Department of Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTaiyuan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China; Department of Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTaiyuan, China
| | - Xian-Zhe Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
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36
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Yang T, Meng Y, Chen LJ, Lin HH, Xi DH. The Roles of Alpha-Momorcharin and Jasmonic Acid in Modulating the Response of Momordica charantia to Cucumber Mosaic Virus. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1796. [PMID: 27881976 PMCID: PMC5101195 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-momorcharin (α-MMC) is a type-I ribosome inactivating protein with a molecular weight of 29 kDa that is found in Momordica charantia, and has been shown to be effective against a broad range of human viruses as well as having anti-tumor activities. However, the role of endogenous α-MMC under viral infection and the mechanism of the anti-viral activities of α-MMC in plants are still unknown. To study the effect of α-MMC on plant viral defense and how α-MMC increases plant resistance to virus, the M. charantia–cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) interaction system was investigated. The results showed that the α-MMC level was positively correlated with the resistance of M. charantia to CMV. α-MMC treatment could alleviate photosystem damage and enhance the ratio of glutathione/glutathione disulfide in M. charantia under CMV infection. The relationship of α-MMC and defense related phytohormones, and their roles in plant defense were further investigated. α-MMC treatment led to a significant increase of jasmonic acid (JA) and vice versa, while there was no obvious relevance between salicylic acid and α-MMC. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were induced in α-MMC-pretreated plants, in a similar way to the ROS burst in JA-pretreated plants. The production of ROS in both ibuprofen (JA inhibitor) and (α-MMC+ibuprofen)-pretreated plants was reduced markedly, leading to a greater susceptibility of M. charantia to CMV. Our results indicate that the anti-viral activities of α-MMC in M. charantia may be accomplished through the JA related signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Meng
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Juan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Hui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - De-Hui Xi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
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37
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Shang C, Rougé P, Van Damme EJM. Ribosome Inactivating Proteins from Rosaceae. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081105. [PMID: 27556443 PMCID: PMC6274481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are widespread among higher plants of different taxonomic orders. In this study, we report on the RIP sequences found in the genome/transcriptome of several important Rosaceae species, including many economically important edible fruits such as apple, pear, peach, apricot, and strawberry. All RIP domains from Rosaceae share high sequence similarity with conserved residues in the catalytic site and the carbohydrate binding sites. The genomes of Malus domestica and Pyrus communis contain both type 1 and type 2 RIP sequences, whereas for Prunus mume, Prunus persica, Pyrus bretschneideri, and Pyrus communis a complex set of type 1 RIP sequences was retrieved. Heterologous expression and purification of the type 1 as well as the type 2 RIP from apple allowed to characterize the biological activity of the proteins. Both RIPs from Malus domestica can inhibit protein synthesis. Furthermore, molecular modelling suggests that RIPs from Rosaceae possess three-dimensional structures that are highly similar to the model proteins and can bind to RIP substrates. Screening of the recombinant type 2 RIP from apple on a glycan array revealed that this type 2 RIP interacts with terminal sialic acid residues. Our data suggest that the RIPs from Rosaceae are biologically active proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Shang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Rougé
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 152 Pharma Développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Chan YS, Xia L, Ng TB. White kidney bean lectin exerts anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:335-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Amini N, Abdul Majid FA, Marvibaigi M, Supriyanto E, Jaganathan SK, Tet Soon W, Nasiri R, Hamzehalipour J. Cervicare™ induces apoptosis in HeLa and CaSki cells through ROS production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25654b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of Cervicare™, a poly-herbal preparation comprised of the combination of 6 plants, on cell proliferation and apoptosis using cervical cancer HeLa and CaSki cells was investigated for the first time in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Amini
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Fadzilah Adibah Abdul Majid
- Dept. of Bioprocess Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology
| | - Mohsen Marvibaigi
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | | | - Wong Tet Soon
- Dept. of Bioprocess Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Rozita Nasiri
- Dept. of Bioprocess Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Javad Hamzehalipour
- Dept. of Bioprocess Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
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40
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Chan YS, Ng TB. Shiga toxins: from structure and mechanism to applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1597-1610. [PMID: 26685676 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Shiga toxins are a group of type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) produced in several types of bacteria. The toxins possess an AB5 structure, which comprises a catalytic A chain with N-glycosidase activity, and five identical B chains and recognize and bind to the target cells with specific carbohydrate moieties. In humans, the major molecular target which recognizes the Shiga toxins is the Gb3 receptor, which is mainly expressed on the cell surface of endothelial cells of the intestine, kidney, and the brain. This causes these organs to be susceptible to the toxicity of Shiga toxins. When a person is infected by Shiga toxin-producing bacteria, the toxin is produced in the gut, translocated to the circulatory system, and carried to the target cells. Toxicity of the toxin causes inflammatory responses and severe cell damages in the intestine, kidneys, and brain, bringing about the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which can be fatal. The Shiga toxin requires a couple of steps to exert its toxicity to the target cells. After binding with the target cell surface receptor, the toxin requires a complicated process to be transported into the cytosol of the cell before it can approach the ribosomes. The mechanisms for the interactions of the toxin with the cells are described in this review. The consequences of the toxin on the cells are also discussed. It gives an overview of the steps for the toxin to be produced and transported, expression of catalytic activity, and the effects of the toxin on the target cells, as well as effects on the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau Sang Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Lo Kwee Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Lo Kwee Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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41
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Akkouh O, Ng TB, Cheung RCF, Wong JH, Pan W, Ng CCW, Sha O, Shaw PC, Chan WY. Biological activities of ribosome-inactivating proteins and their possible applications as antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-pest agents and in neuroscience research. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9847-63. [PMID: 26394859 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are enzymes which depurinate ribosomal RNA (rRNA), thus impeding the process of translation resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis. They are produced by various organisms including plants, fungi and bacteria. RIPs from plants are linked to plant defense due to their antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal activities in which they can be applied in agriculture to combat microbial pathogens and pests. Their anticancer, antiviral, embryotoxic, and abortifacient properties may find medicinal applications. Besides, conjugation of RIPs with antibodies or other carriers to form immunotoxins has been found useful to research in neuroscience and anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouafae Akkouh
- Department of Biology and Medical Laboratory Research, Faculty of Technology, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikdreef 11, 2333 CK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Wenliang Pan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Charlene Cheuk Wing Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Ou Sha
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Pang Chui Shaw
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Shi J, Shan S, Li Z, Li H, Li X, Li Z. Bound polyphenol from foxtail millet bran induces apoptosis in HCT-116 cell through ROS generation. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Mammalian Cell Surface Display as a Novel Method for Developing Engineered Lectins with Novel Characteristics. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1540-62. [PMID: 26287256 PMCID: PMC4598763 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leguminous lectins have a conserved carbohydrate recognition site comprising four loops (A–D). Here, we randomly mutated the sequence and length of loops C and D of peanut agglutinin (PNA) and expressed the proteins on the surface of mouse green fluorescent protein (GFP)-reporter cells. Flow cytometry, limiting dilution, and cDNA cloning were used to screen for several mutated PNAs with distinct properties. The mutated PNA clones obtained using NeuAcα2-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAc as a ligand showed preference for NeuAcα2-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAc rather than non-sialylated Galβ1-3GlcNAc, whereas wild-type PNA binds to Galβ1-3GlcNAc but not sialylated Galβ1-3GalNAc. Sequence analyses revealed that for all of the glycan-reactive mutated PNA clones, (i) loop C was eight amino acids in length, (ii) loop D was identical to that of wild-type PNA, (iii) residue 127 was asparagine, (iv) residue 125 was tryptophan, and (v) residue 130 was hydrophobic tyrosine, phenylalanine, or histidine. The sugar-binding ability of wild-type PNA was increased nine-fold when Tyr125 was mutated to tryptophan, and that of mutated clone C was increased more than 30-fold after His130 was changed to tyrosine. These results provide an insight into the relationship between the amino acid sequences of the carbohydrate recognition site and sugar-binding abilities of leguminous lectins.
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44
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Zeng M, Zheng M, Lu D, Wang J, Jiang W, Sha O. Anti-tumor activities and apoptotic mechanism of ribosome-inactivating proteins. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 34:325-34. [PMID: 26184404 PMCID: PMC4593346 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-015-0030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) belong to a family of enzymes that attack eukaryotic ribosomes and potently inhibit cellular protein synthesis. RIPs possess several biomedical properties, including anti-viral and anti-tumor activities. Multiple RIPs are known to inhibit tumor cell proliferation through inducing apoptosis in a variety of cancers, such as breast cancer, leukemia/lymphoma, and hepatoma. This review focuses on the anti-tumor activities of RIPs and their apoptotic effects through three closely related pathways: mitochondrial, death receptor, and endoplasmic reticulum pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Zeng
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Manyin Zheng
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Desheng Lu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenqi Jiang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ou Sha
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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45
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Riproximin modulates multiple signaling cascades leading to cytostatic and apoptotic effects in human breast cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:135-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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Pervaiz A, Adwan H, Berger MR. Riproximin: A type II ribosome inactivating protein with anti-neoplastic potential induces IL24/MDA-7 and GADD genes in colorectal cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:981-90. [PMID: 26151662 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Riproximin (Rpx) is a type II ribosome inactivating protein, which was extracted and purified from the seeds of Ximenia americana. Previous studies demonstrated cytotoxicity of Rpx against a variety of cell lines originating from solid and non-solid cancers. In this study, we investigated the mechanistic aspects of Rpx in selected human and rat colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. Cytotoxic levels of Rpx were determined by MTT assay, while cytostatic and apoptotic effects were investigated by flow cytometry and nuclear staining procedures. Effects of Rpx exposure on colony formation/migration of CRC cells and expressional modulations in anticancer/stress-related genes were also studied. Rpx showed significant and comparable levels of cytotoxicity in CRC cells as determined by inhibitory concentration (IC) values. Similar inhibitory effects were found for clonogenicity, while more pronounced inhibition of migration was observed in response to Rpx exposure. Profound arrest in S phases of the cell cycle was noted especially in primary CRC cells. Apoptotic effects were more prominent in rat CRC cells as indicated by Annexin V-FITC assay and Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining. Rpx exposure induced significantly increased levels of the IL24/MDA-7, a well characterized anticancer gene, in all CRC cells. In addition, following Rpx treatment, high expression levels of growth arrest and DNA damage (GADD family) genes were also observed. Increased expression of two additional GADD genes (34 and 153) only in rat CRC cells (CC531) conferred higher sensitivity towards Rpx and subsequent anti-proliferative/apoptotic effects as compared to human CRC cells (SW480 and SW620). The present investigation indicates the anticancer potential of Rpx in CRC and favor further evaluation of this natural compound as therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Pervaiz
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hassan Adwan
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin R Berger
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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47
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Shang C, Chen Q, Dell A, Haslam SM, De Vos WH, Van Damme EJM. The Cytotoxicity of Elderberry Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins Is Not Solely Determined by Their Protein Translation Inhibition Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132389. [PMID: 26148207 PMCID: PMC4493096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the protein translation inhibition activity of ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) is well documented, little is known about the contribution of the lectin chain to the biological activity of these proteins. In this study, we compared the in vitro and intracellular activity of several S. nigra (elderberry) RIPs and non-RIP lectins. Our data demonstrate that RIPs from elderberry are much more toxic to HeLa cells than to primary fibroblasts. Differences in the cytotoxicity between the elderberry proteins correlated with differences in glycan specificity of their lectin domain, cellular uptake efficiency and intracellular destination. Despite the fact that the bulk of the RIPs accumulated in the lysosomes and partly in the Golgi apparatus, we could demonstrate effective inhibition of protein synthesis in cellula. As we also observed cytotoxicity for non-RIP lectins, it is clear that the lectin chain triggers additional pathways heralding cell death. Our data suggest that one of these pathways involves the induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Shang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qiushi Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M. Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Winnok H. De Vos
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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48
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Yin C, Wong JH, Ng TB. Isolation of a Hemagglutinin with Potent Antiproliferative Activity and a Large Antifungal Defensin from Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Hokkaido Large Pinto Beans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5439-5448. [PMID: 25965006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lectins (hemagglutinins) are defined as sugar-binding proteins or glycoproteins with various biological activities. A 60 kDa dimeric hemagglutinin with a blocked N-terminus was isolated in large yield (190 mg/60 g) from the common edible bean Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Hokkaido large pinto bean. Its hemagglutinating, antifungal, and antitumor activities as well as the effects of carbohydrate and metal ions on its hemagglutinating activity were examined. It inhibited the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CNE2), human breast cancer (MCF7), and hepatoma (HepG2) cells. The IC50 values toward HepG2, MCF7, and CNE2 cells after treatment for 48 h were 8.1, 6.07, and 7.49 μM, respectively, which were relatively low among lectins of different P. vulgaris cultivars. From the pinto beans, a 10888 Da antifungal peptide with similarity to plant defensins as revealed by mass spectroscopic analysis was also isolated with a yield of 3.2 mg of proteins from 60 g of beans. The large defensin was capable of inhibiting mycelial growth in Mycosphaerella arachidicola, Setosphaeria turcica, Bipolaris maydis, and Fusarium oxysporum but not in Valsa mali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiming Yin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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49
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Jiang QL, Zhang S, Tian M, Zhang SY, Xie T, Chen DY, Chen YJ, He J, Liu J, Ouyang L, Jiang X. Plant lectins, from ancient sugar-binding proteins to emerging anti-cancer drugs in apoptosis and autophagy. Cell Prolif 2014; 48:17-28. [PMID: 25488051 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitously distributed in different plant species, plant lectins are highly diverse carbohydrate-binding proteins of non-immune origin. They have interesting pharmacological activities and currently are of great interest to thousands of people working on biomedical research in cancer-related problems. It has been widely accepted that plant lectins affect both apoptosis and autophagy by modulating representative signalling pathways involved in Bcl-2 family, caspase family, p53, PI3K/Akt, ERK, BNIP3, Ras-Raf and ATG families, in cancer. Plant lectins may have a role as potential new anti-tumour agents in cancer drug discovery. Thus, here we summarize these findings on pathway- involved plant lectins, to provide a comprehensive perspective for further elucidating their potential role as novel anti-cancer drugs, with respect to both apoptosis and autophagy in cancer pathogenesis, and future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q-L Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Dermatology, Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; School of Pharmacy and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China; Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
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Cao D, Sun Y, Wang L, He Q, Zheng J, Deng F, Deng S, Chang S, Yu X, Li M, Meng Y, Jin J, Shen F. Alpha-momorcharin (α-MMC) exerts effective anti-human breast tumor activities but has a narrow therapeutic window in vivo. Fitoterapia 2014; 100:139-49. [PMID: 25447153 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-momorcharin (α-MMC), a ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) extracted from the seeds of Momordica charantia, exerts anti-tumor, antiviral, and anti-fungal activities. However, α-MMC has an obvious toxicity that limits its clinical application. We examined the effect of α-MMC on the inhibition of human breast cancer and assessed its general toxicity to find the therapeutic window in vivo for its potential clinical use. It was purified using column chromatography, and then injected into the xenograft nude mouse model induced by MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. The anti-tumor efficacy was evaluated with T/C%. Next, the α-MMC was injected at a series of doses to Balb/C mice to assess its general toxicity. The MTT assay, the apoptosis test, and the cell cycle inhibition of α-MMC in human breast cancer cells were performed. In the xenografted tumors induced by MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, α-MMC exerted an obvious inhibition effects on tumor growth at the dosage of 1.2mg/kg and 0.8 mg/kg. For in vivo toxicity experiments of α-MMC in Balb/C mice, the minimal toxic dose of α-MMC was 1.2mg/kg. Alpha-MMC induced apoptosis by increasing caspase3 activities, and the cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 or G2/M phases. The measurements of IC50 were 15.07 μg/mL, 33.66 μg/mL, 42.94 μg/mL for MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 respectively. Alpha-MMC exhibits anti-tumor effects in human breast cancer in vivo and in vitro. It inhibits breast cancer cells through the inhibition of tumor growth and induction of cell apoptosis. However, due to its obvious toxicity, α-MMC has a relatively narrow therapeutic window in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Cao
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Attached Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Qianchuan He
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Juecun Zheng
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Fei Deng
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - ShuChing Chang
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - XiaoPing Yu
- Center of Science and Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083, PR China
| | - Minhui Li
- Center of Science and Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083, PR China
| | - Yao Meng
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Jiagui Jin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Fubing Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
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