1
|
Jenkins MA, Win AK, Templeton AS, Angelakos MS, Buchanan DD, Cotterchio M, Figueiredo JC, Thibodeau SN, Baron JA, Potter JD, Hopper JL, Casey G, Gallinger S, Le Marchand L, Lindor NM, Newcomb PA, Haile RW. Cohort Profile: The Colon Cancer Family Registry Cohort (CCFRC). Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:387-388i. [PMID: 29490034 PMCID: PMC5913593 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Genetic Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Allyson S Templeton
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maggie S Angelakos
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Genetic Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - John A Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert W Haile
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao D, Herman JG, Guo M. The clinical value of aberrant epigenetic changes of DNA damage repair genes in human cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37331-37346. [PMID: 26967246 PMCID: PMC5095080 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability and integrity of the human genome are maintained by the DNA damage repair (DDR) system. Unrepaired DNA damage is a major source of potentially mutagenic lesions that drive carcinogenesis. In addition to gene mutation, DNA methylation occurs more frequently in DDR genes in human cancer. Thus, DNA methylation may play more important roles in DNA damage repair genes to drive carcinogenesis. Aberrant methylation patterns in DNA damage repair genes may serve as predictive, diagnostic, prognostic and chemosensitive markers of human cancer. MGMT methylation is a marker for poor prognosis in human glioma, while, MGMT methylation is a sensitive marker of glioma cells to alkylating agents. Aberrant epigenetic changes in DNA damage repair genes may serve as therapeutic targets. Treatment of MLH1-methylated colon cancer cell lines with the demethylating agent 5′-aza-2′-deoxycytidine induces the expression of MLH1 and sensitizes cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil. Synthetic lethality is a more exciting approach in patients with DDR defects. PARP inhibitors are the most effective anticancer reagents in BRCA-deficient cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical College of NanKai University, Tianjin, China
| | - James G Herman
- The Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim YB, Lee SY, Kim JH, Sung IK, Park HS, Shim CS, Han HS. Microsatellite Instability of Gastric and Colorectal Cancers as a Predictor of Synchronous Gastric or Colorectal Neoplasms. Gut Liver 2016; 10:220-7. [PMID: 26087787 PMCID: PMC4780451 DOI: 10.5009/gnl14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Microsatellite instability (MSI) plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to clarify whether MSI is a useful marker for predicting synchronous gastric and colorectal neoplasms. METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent both esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy before the resection of gastric or colorectal cancers were included. MSI was analyzed using two mononucleotide and three dinucleotide markers. RESULTS In total, 434 gastric cancers (372 microsatellite stability [MSS], 21 low incidence of MSI [MSI-L], and 41 high incidence of MSI [MSI-H]) and 162 colorectal cancers (138 MSS, 9 MSI-L, and 15 MSI-H) were included. Patients with MSI gastric cancer had a higher prevalence of synchronous colorectal cancer, colorectal adenoma, and gastric adenoma than those with MSS gastric cancers (4.8% vs 0.5%, p=0.023; 11.3% vs 3.2%, p=0.011; 3.2% vs 1.2%, p=0.00, respectively). The prevalence of synchronous colorectal adenomas was highest in MSI-L gastric cancers (19.0%), compared with MSI-H (7.3%) or MSS (3.2%) gastric cancers (p=0.002). In addition, there were no significant differences in the prevalence rates of synchronous colorectal adenoma among the MSI-H (13.3%), MSI-L (11.1%), and MSS (12.3%) colorectal cancers (p=0.987). CONCLUSIONS The presence of MSI in gastric cancer may be a predictor of synchronous gastric and colorectal neoplasms, whereas MSI in colorectal cancer is not a predictor of synchronous colorectal adenoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Beak Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Kyung Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Sup Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Han
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sekal M, Ameurtesse H, Chbani L, Ouldim K, Bennis S, Abkari M, Boulouz A, Benajah DA, Benjelloun B, Ousadden A, Ait Taleb K, Ait Laalim S, Toghrai I, Mazaz K, Arifi S, Mellas N, El Rhazi K, Harmouch T, Ibrahimi SA, Amarti Riffi A. Epigenetics could explain some Moroccan population colorectal cancers peculiarities: microsatellite instability pathway exploration. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:77. [PMID: 26104511 PMCID: PMC4477595 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal Cancers (CRC) are one of the most common malignancies in the world. Their incidence in Morocco, between 2005 and 2007, was 5.6 for 100000 inhabitants, which is very low compared to what found in developed countries. In addition, CRCs show a high frequency of rectal localizations, and occurs in a younger population in Morocco compared to what found in developed countries. The purpose of this study is to confirm these CRC peculiarities in Morocco and try to explain them by exploring the microsatellite instability molecular pathway. Methods This is a prospective observational study conducted since January 2010, including 385 patients admitted in Hassan II University Hospital of Fez. We collected clinical, radiological and pathological data. We investigated the expression of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in 214 patients and BRAF gene mutations in 159 patients. Results Mean age was 55.08 +/− 15.16 years. 36.5 % of patients were less than 50 years old and 49.3 % of tumors were localized in the rectum. Loss of MMR protein expression was observed in 11.2 % of cases. It was independently associated with individual or family history of cancer belonging to Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) spectrum (p = 0.01) and proximal localization (p = 0.02). No BRAF mutation was detected in all cases. Conclusions These results confirm the high occurrence of CRCs to young patients and the high frequency of rectal localizations in Moroccan population. They mostly show an absence of BRAF mutation, supposing a rarity of MLH1 promoter hypermethylation pathway, which may even partially explain the CRC peculiarities in our context. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5868184711716884
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sekal
- Department of pathology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Hassania Ameurtesse
- Department of pathology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Laila Chbani
- Department of pathology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Karim Ouldim
- Department of molecular genetics, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Sanae Bennis
- Department of molecular genetics, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Mohammed Abkari
- Department of gastroenterology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Amal Boulouz
- Department of molecular genetics, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Dafr Allah Benajah
- Department of gastroenterology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Basher Benjelloun
- Department of visceral surgery, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Abdelmalek Ousadden
- Department of visceral surgery, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Khalid Ait Taleb
- Department of visceral surgery, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Said Ait Laalim
- Department of visceral surgery, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Imane Toghrai
- Department of visceral surgery, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Khalid Mazaz
- Department of visceral surgery, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Samia Arifi
- Department of oncology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Nawfel Mellas
- Department of oncology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Karima El Rhazi
- Department of epidemiology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Taoufiq Harmouch
- Department of pathology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Sidi Adil Ibrahimi
- Department of gastroenterology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Afaf Amarti Riffi
- Department of pathology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Buchanan DD, Rosty C, Clendenning M, Spurdle AB, Win AK. Clinical problems of colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer cases with unknown cause of tumor mismatch repair deficiency (suspected Lynch syndrome). APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2014; 7:183-93. [PMID: 25328415 PMCID: PMC4199650 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s48625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carriers of a germline mutation in one of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes have a high risk of developing numerous different cancers, predominantly colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer (known as Lynch syndrome). MMR gene mutation carriers develop tumors with MMR deficiency identified by tumor microsatellite instability or immunohistochemical loss of MMR protein expression. Tumor MMR deficiency is used to identify individuals most likely to carry an MMR gene mutation. However, MMR deficiency can also result from somatic inactivation, most commonly methylation of the MLH1 gene promoter. As tumor MMR testing of all incident colorectal and endometrial cancers (universal screening) is becoming increasingly adopted, a growing clinical problem is emerging for individuals who have tumors that show MMR deficiency who are subsequently found not to carry an MMR gene mutation after genetic testing using the current diagnostic approaches (Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification) and who also show no evidence of MLH1 methylation. The inability to determine the underlying cause of tumor MMR deficiency in these “Lynch-like” or “suspected Lynch syndrome” cases has significant implications on the clinical management of these individuals and their relatives. When the data from published studies are combined, 59% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 55% to 64%) of colorectal cancers and 52% (95% CI: 41% to 62%) of endometrial cancers with MMR deficiency were identified as suspected Lynch syndrome. Recent studies estimated that colorectal cancer risk for relatives of suspected Lynch syndrome cases is lower than for relatives of those with MMR gene mutations, but higher than for relatives of those with tumor MMR deficiency resulting from methylation of the MLH1 gene promoter. The cause of tumor MMR deficiency in suspected Lynch syndrome cases is likely due to either unidentified germline MMR gene mutations, somatic cell mosaicism, or biallelic somatic inactivation. Determining the underlying cause of tumor MMR deficiency in suspected Lynch syndrome cases is likely to reshape the current triaging schemes used to identify germline MMR gene mutations in cancer-affected individuals and their relatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Buchanan
- Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia ; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christophe Rosty
- Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia ; Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Herston, QLD, Australia ; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Clendenning
- Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, Genetics and Computational Biology Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Verma M, Rogers S, Divi RL, Schully SD, Nelson S, Su LJ, Ross S, Pilch S, Winn DM, Khoury MJ. Epigenetic research in cancer epidemiology: trends, opportunities, and challenges. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:223-33. [PMID: 24326628 PMCID: PMC3925982 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is emerging as an important field in cancer epidemiology that promises to provide insights into gene regulation and facilitate cancer control throughout the cancer care continuum. Increasingly, investigators are incorporating epigenetic analysis into the studies of etiology and outcomes. To understand current progress and trends in the inclusion of epigenetics in cancer epidemiology, we evaluated the published literature and the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-supported research grant awards in this field to identify trends in epigenetics research. We present a summary of the epidemiologic studies in NCI's grant portfolio (from January 2005 through December 2012) and in the scientific literature published during the same period, irrespective of support from the NCI. Blood cells and tumor tissue were the most commonly used biospecimens in these studies, although buccal cells, cervical cells, sputum, and stool samples were also used. DNA methylation profiling was the focus of the majority of studies, but several studies also measured microRNA profiles. We illustrate here the current status of epidemiologic studies that are evaluating epigenetic changes in large populations. The incorporation of epigenomic assessments in cancer epidemiology studies has and is likely to continue to provide important insights into the field of cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Scott Rogers
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Rao L. Divi
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Sheri D. Schully
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Stefanie Nelson
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - L. Joseph Su
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Sharon Ross
- Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Susan Pilch
- Office of the Director, Information Resources and Services Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Deborah M. Winn
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Muin J. Khoury
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Buchanan DD, Win AK, Walsh MD, Walters RJ, Clendenning M, Nagler B, Pearson SA, Macrae FA, Parry S, Arnold J, Winship I, Giles GG, Lindor NM, Potter JD, Hopper JL, Rosty C, Young JP, Jenkins MA. Family history of colorectal cancer in BRAF p.V600E-mutated colorectal cancer cases. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:917-26. [PMID: 23462926 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reports suggest that relatives of colorectal cancer (CRC)-affected probands carrying the BRAF p.V600E mutation are at an increased risk of CRC and extracolonic cancers (ECC). In this study, we estimated the association between a family history of either CRC or ECC and risk of CRC with a BRAF p.V600E mutation. METHODS Population-based CRC cases (probands, ages 18-59 years at diagnosis), recruited irrespective of family cancer history, were characterized for BRAF p.V600E mutation and mismatch repair (MMR) status. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The 690 eligible probands showed a mean age at CRC diagnosis of 46.9 ± 7.8 years, with 313 (47.9%) reporting a family history of CRC and 53 (7.7%) that were BRAF-mutated. Probands with BRAF-mutated, MMR-proficient CRCs were less likely to have a family history of CRC than probands that were BRAF wild-type (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24-0.91; P = 0.03). For probands with a BRAF-mutated CRC, the mean age at diagnosis was greater for those with a CRC-affected first- or second-degree relative (49.3 ± 6.4 years) compared with those without a family history (43.8 ± 10.2 years; P = 0.04). The older the age at diagnosis of CRC with the BRAF p.V600E mutation, the more likely these probands were to show a family history of CRC (OR, 1.09 per year of age; 95% CI, 1.00-1.18; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Probands with early-onset, BRAF-mutated, and MMR-proficient CRC were less likely to have a family history of CRC than probands that were BRAF-wild-type. IMPACT These findings provide useful insights for cancer risk assessment in families and suggest that familial or inherited factors are more important in early-onset, BRAF-wild-type CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Buchanan
- Cancer and Population Studies Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Rd, Herston QLD 4006, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|