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Manickasamy MK, Jayaprakash S, Girisa S, Kumar A, Lam HY, Okina E, Eng H, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. Delineating the role of nuclear receptors in colorectal cancer, a focused review. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:41. [PMID: 38372868 PMCID: PMC10876515 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as one of the most prevalent form of cancer globally, causing a significant number of deaths, surpassing 0.9 million in the year 2020. According to GLOBOCAN 2020, CRC ranks third in incidence and second in mortality in both males and females. Despite extensive studies over the years, there is still a need to establish novel therapeutic targets to enhance the patients' survival rate in CRC. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors (TFs) that regulate numerous essential biological processes such as differentiation, development, physiology, reproduction, and cellular metabolism. Dysregulation and anomalous expression of different NRs has led to multiple alterations, such as impaired signaling cascades, mutations, and epigenetic changes, leading to various diseases, including cancer. It has been observed that differential expression of various NRs might lead to the initiation and progression of CRC, and are correlated with poor survival outcomes in CRC patients. Despite numerous studies on the mechanism and role of NRs in this cancer, it remains of significant scientific interest primarily due to the diverse functions that various NRs exhibit in regulating key hallmarks of this cancer. Thus, modulating the expression of NRs with their agonists and antagonists, based on their expression levels, holds an immense prospect in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutical modalities of CRC. In this review, we primarily focus on the role and mechanism of NRs in the pathogenesis of CRC and emphasized the significance of targeting these NRs using a variety of agents, which may represent a novel and effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Manickasamy
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sujitha Jayaprakash
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Hiu Yan Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore
| | - Elena Okina
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore
| | - Huiyan Eng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117600, Singapore.
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117699, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Bird RP. Vitamin D and cancer. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 109:92-159. [PMID: 38777419 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D in the prevention of chronic diseases including cancer, has received a great deal of attention during the past few decades. The term "Cancer" represents multiple disease states with varying biological complexities. The strongest link between vitamin D and cancer is provided by ecological and studies like observational, in preclinical models. It is apparent that vitamin D exerts diverse biological responses in a tissue specific manner. Moreover, several human factors could affect bioactivity of vitamin D. The mechanism(s) underlying vitamin D initiated anti-carcinogenic effects are diverse and includes changes at the muti-system levels. The oncogenic environment could easily corrupt the traditional role of vitamin D or could ensure resistance to vitamin D mediated responses. Several researchers have identified gaps in our knowledge pertaining to the role of vitamin D in cancer. Further areas are identified to solidify the role of vitamin D in cancer control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana P Bird
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.
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García-Martínez JM, Chocarro-Calvo A, Martínez-Useros J, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Fiuza MC, Cáceres-Rentero J, De la Vieja A, Barbáchano A, Muñoz A, Larriba MJ, García-Jiménez C. Vitamin D induces SIRT1 activation through K610 deacetylation in colon cancer. eLife 2023; 12:RP86913. [PMID: 37530744 PMCID: PMC10396337 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of epigenetic modifiers provide a flexible and timely mechanism for rapid adaptations to the dynamic environment of cancer cells. SIRT1 is an NAD+-dependent epigenetic modifier whose activity is classically associated with healthy aging and longevity, but its function in cancer is not well understood. Here, we reveal that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3, calcitriol), the active metabolite of vitamin D (VD), promotes SIRT1 activation through auto-deacetylation in human colon carcinoma cells, and identify lysine 610 as an essential driver of SIRT1 activity. Remarkably, our data show that the post-translational control of SIRT1 activity mediates the antiproliferative action of 1,25(OH)2D3. This effect is reproduced by the SIRT1 activator SRT1720, suggesting that SIRT1 activators may offer new therapeutic possibilities for colon cancer patients who are VD deficient or unresponsive. Moreover, this might be extrapolated to inflammation and other VD deficiency-associated and highly prevalent diseases in which SIRT1 plays a prominent role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Chocarro-Calvo
- Area of Physiology, Faculty Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos, AlcorcónMadridSpain
| | - Javier Martínez-Useros
- Area of Physiology, Faculty Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos, AlcorcónMadridSpain
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute-University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | | | - M Carmen Fiuza
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Fundación Alcorcón-Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, AlcorcónMadridSpain
| | - José Cáceres-Rentero
- Area of Physiology, Faculty Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos, AlcorcónMadridSpain
| | - Antonio De la Vieja
- Unidad de Tumores Endocrinos (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MajadahondaMadridSpain
- CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La PazMadridSpain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La PazMadridSpain
| | - María Jesús Larriba
- CIBER de Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La PazMadridSpain
| | - Custodia García-Jiménez
- Area of Physiology, Faculty Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos, AlcorcónMadridSpain
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Dougherty U, Mustafi R, Zhu H, Zhu X, Deb D, Meredith SC, Ayaloglu-Butun F, Fletcher M, Sanchez A, Pekow J, Deng Z, Amini N, Konda VJ, Rao VL, Sakuraba A, Kwesi A, Kupfer SS, Fichera A, Joseph L, Hart J, He F, He TC, West-Szymanski D, Li YC, Bissonnette M. Upregulation of polycistronic microRNA-143 and microRNA-145 in colonocytes suppresses colitis and inflammation-associated colon cancer. Epigenetics 2021; 16:1317-1334. [PMID: 33356812 PMCID: PMC8813074 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1863117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Because ADAM17 promotes colonic tumorigenesis, we investigated potential miRNAs regulating ADAM17; and examined effects of diet and tumorigenesis on these miRNAs. We also examined pre-miRNA processing and tumour suppressor roles of several of these miRNAs in experimental colon cancer. Using TargetScan, miR-145, miR-148a, and miR-152 were predicted to regulate ADAM17. miR-143 was also investigated as miR-143 and miR-145 are co-transcribed and associated with decreased tumour growth. HCT116 colon cancer cells (CCC) were co-transfected with predicted ADAM17-regulating miRNAs and luciferase reporters controlled by ADAM17-3'UTR. Separately, pre-miR-143 processing by colonic cells was measured. miRNAs were quantified by RT-PCR. Tumours were induced with AOM/DSS in WT and transgenic mice (Tg) expressing pre-miR-143/miR-145 under villin promoter. HCT116 transfection with miR-145, -148a or -152, but not scrambled miRNA inhibited ADAM17 expression and luciferase activity. The latter was suppressed by mutations in ADAM17-3'UTR. Lysates from colonocytes, but not CCC, processed pre-miR-143 and mixing experiments suggested CCC lacked a competency factor. Colonic miR-143, miR-145, miR-148a, and miR-152 were downregulated in tumours and more moderately by feeding mice a Western diet. Tg mice were resistant to DSS colitis and had significantly lower cancer incidence and tumour multiplicity. Tg expression blocked up-regulation of putative targets of miR-143 and miR-145, including ADAM17, K-Ras, XPO5, and SET. miR-145, miR-148a, and miR-152 directly suppress colonocyte ADAM17 and are down-regulated in colon cancer. This is the first direct demonstration of tumour suppressor roles for miR-143 and miR-145 in an in vivo model of colonic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reba Mustafi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Xiaorong Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Dilip Deb
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Arantxa Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Joel Pekow
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Zifeng Deng
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Nader Amini
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Vani J Konda
- Department of Medicine, Baylor University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vijaya L. Rao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | | | - Akushika Kwesi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Sonia S Kupfer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | | | - Loren Joseph
- Departments of Pathology, Beth Israel, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Hart
- Departments of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Fang He
- Departments of Orthopedics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Departments of Orthopedics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Yan Chun Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
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Aladelokun O, Hanley M, Mu J, Giardina JC, Rosenberg DW, Giardina C. Fatty acid metabolism and colon cancer protection by dietary methyl donor restriction. Metabolomics 2021; 17:80. [PMID: 34480220 PMCID: PMC8416812 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01831-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A methyl donor depleted (MDD) diet dramatically suppresses intestinal tumor development in Apc-mutant mice, but the mechanism of this prevention is not entirely clear. OBJECTIVES We sought to gain insight into the mechanisms of cancer suppression by the MDD diet and to identify biomarkers of cancer risk reduction. METHODS A plasma metabolomic analysis was performed on ApcΔ14/+ mice maintained on either a methyl donor sufficient (MDS) diet or the protective MDD diet. A group of MDS animals was also pair-fed with the MDD mice to normalize caloric intake, and another group was shifted from an MDD to MDS diet to determine the durability of the metabolic changes. RESULTS In addition to the anticipated changes in folate one-carbon metabolites, plasma metabolites related to fatty acid metabolism were generally decreased by the MDD diet, including carnitine, acylcarnitines, and fatty acids. Some fatty acid selectivity was observed; the levels of cancer-promoting arachidonic acid and 2-hydroxyglutarate were decreased by the MDD diet, whereas eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels were increased. Machine-learning elastic net analysis revealed a positive association between the fatty acid-related compounds azelate and 7-hydroxycholesterol and tumor development, and a negative correlation with succinate and β-sitosterol. CONCLUSION Methyl donor restriction causes dramatic changes in systemic fatty acid metabolism. Regulating fatty acid metabolism through methyl donor restriction favorably effects fatty acid profiles to achieve cancer protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladimeji Aladelokun
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut Health Center, The University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030-3101, USA.
| | - Matthew Hanley
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut Health Center, The University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030-3101, USA
| | - Jinjian Mu
- Statistical Consulting Services, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - John C Giardina
- Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel W Rosenberg
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut Health Center, The University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030-3101, USA
| | - Charles Giardina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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6
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Reynolds CJ, Koszewski NJ, Horst RL, Beitz DC, Goff JP. Role of glucuronidated 25-hydroxyvitamin D on colon gene expression in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G253-G260. [PMID: 32628073 PMCID: PMC7500262 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00355.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-3β-glucuronic acid (25OHD-Gluc) is produced in the liver and is a constituent of human blood and bile. Bacterial glucuronidases (GUS) in mammalian digestive microbiota cleave glucuronide conjugates, such as 25OHD-Gluc, and release the free aglycone (i.e., 25OHD) inside the intestinal lumen. We hypothesized that 25OHD-Gluc would elicit a VDR-dependent mRNA response in the colon after cleavage by gut microbiota. The activity of 25OHD-Gluc was investigated by measuring expression of cytochrome P450 24A1 (Cyp24) mRNA both in vitro and in vivo. In cell culture, Caco2 cells responded to 25OHD-Gluc, whereas HT29 cells did not. When coincubated with GUS, both cell lines elicited a robust response as indicated by a 5 Ct (32-fold) increase in Cyp24 mRNA. In vitamin D-sufficient mice, we found that both oral and subcutaneous administration of 1 nmol 25OHD-Gluc induced expression of Cyp24 mRNA in the colon whereas 25OHD did not. In contrast, 25OHD, but not 25OHD-Gluc, was active in the duodenum. When the jejunum was surgically ligated to block flow of digesta to the colon, neither oral nor subcutaneous administration of 2 nmol 25OHD-Gluc was able to induce expression of Cyp24 in the colon. Our findings suggest that 25OHD-Gluc, a vitamin D metabolite found in bile, induces VDR-mediated responses in the colon by crossing the apical membrane of the colon epithelium.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that 25OHD-Gluc, an endogenously produced metabolite, is delivered to the colon via bile to induce vitamin D-mediated responses in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Donald C. Beitz
- 1Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Jesse P. Goff
- 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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Liu KH, Fu J, Zhou N, Yin W, Yang YY, Ouyang SX, Liang YM. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Prevents Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of HMrSV5 Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells by Inhibiting Histone Deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and Increasing Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Expression Through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5892-5902. [PMID: 31391414 PMCID: PMC6698096 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal dialysis is the most common treatment for end-stage renal disease. However, peritoneal fibrosis resulting from long-term peritoneal dialysis restricts peritoneal ultrafiltration. Previous studies have shown a role for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3) in preventing fibrosis, but the potential mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the downstream signaling pathway in HMrSV5 human peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro. Material/Methods An in vitro cell model of peritoneal fibrosis was established using the HMrSV5 human peritoneal mesothelial cell line. High glucose and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) culture conditions, with or without 1,25(OH)2D3, were used. Wnt agonist 1, a Wnt signaling pathway activator, was applied. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to measure the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) gene and protein expression levels, β-catenin, and EMT-associated biomarkers. Results High glucose plus LPS culture medium inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and promoted EMT in HMrSV5 cells, which was reversed by 1,25(OH)2D3 by down-regulation of HDAC3 and upregulation of VDR. HDAC3 inhibited VDR gene expression. The expression of EMT-associated biomarkers was increased by Wnt agonist 1 and inhibited by 1,25(OH)2D3. Conclusions In HMrSV5 human peritoneal mesothelial cells, 1,25(OH)2D3 reversed EMT by inhibiting the expression of HDAC3 and upregulating VDR gene expression via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Han Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial Peoples' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yi-Ya Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Sha-Xi Ouyang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yu-Mei Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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Dougherty U, Mustafi R, Haider HI, Khalil A, Souris JS, Joseph L, Hart J, Konda VJ, Zhang W, Pekow J, Li YC, Bissonnette M. Losartan and Vitamin D Inhibit Colonic Tumor Development in a Conditional Apc-Deleted Mouse Model of Sporadic Colon Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:433-448. [PMID: 31088824 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is upregulated in colorectal cancer, and epidemiologic studies suggest RAS inhibitors reduce cancer risk. Because vitamin D (VD) receptor negatively regulates renin, we examined anticancer efficacy of VD and losartan (L), an angiotensin receptor blocker. Control Apc+/LoxP mice and tumor-forming Apc+/LoxP Cdx2P-Cre mice were randomized to unsupplemented Western diet (UN), or diets supplemented with VD, L, or VD+L, the latter to assess additive or synergistic effects. At 6 months, mice were killed. Plasma Ca2+, 25(OH)D3, 1α, 25(OH)2D3, renin, and angiotensin II (Ang II) were quantified. Colonic transcripts were assessed by qPCR and proteins by immunostaining and blotting. Cancer incidence and tumor burden were significantly lower in Cre+ VD and Cre+ L, but not in the Cre+ VD+L group. In Apc+/LoxP mice, VD increased plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 and colonic VDR. In Apc+/LoxP-Cdx2P-Cre mice, plasma renin and Ang II, and colonic tumor AT1, AT2, and Cyp27B1 were increased and VDR downregulated. L increased, whereas VD decreased plasma renin and Ang II in Cre+ mice. VD or L inhibited tumor development, while exerting differential effects on plasma VD metabolites and RAS components. We speculate that AT1 is critical for tumor development, whereas RAS suppression plays a key role in VD chemoprevention. When combined with L, VD no longer increases active VD and colonic VDR in Cre- mice nor suppresses renin and Ang II in Cre+ mice, likely contributing to lack of chemopreventive efficacy of the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reba Mustafi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Haider I Haider
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Jeffrey S Souris
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Loren Joseph
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Hart
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vani J Konda
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joel Pekow
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yan Chun Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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9
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Garg M, Royce SG, Tikellis C, Shallue C, Sluka P, Wardan H, Hosking P, Monagle S, Thomas M, Lubel JS, Gibson PR. The intestinal vitamin D receptor in inflammatory bowel disease: inverse correlation with inflammation but no relationship with circulating vitamin D status. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2019; 12:1756284818822566. [PMID: 30719077 PMCID: PMC6348511 DOI: 10.1177/1756284818822566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal vitamin D receptor (VDR) remains poorly characterized in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Colonoscopic biopsies and intestinal resection specimens from the terminal ileum, ascending and sigmoid colon, from patients with and without IBD, were analyzed for VDR mRNA quantification by polymerase chain reaction, and protein localization and semi-quantification by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between VDR and intestinal inflammation, serum 25(OH)D and oral vitamin D intake was elicited. RESULTS A total of 725 biopsies from 20 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 15 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 14 non-IBD controls who underwent colonoscopy were studied. VDR gene expression and protein staining intensity was similar across all three groups, and across the intestinal segments. Sigmoid colon VDR mRNA expression inversely correlated with faecal calprotectin (r = -0.64, p = 0.026) and histological score (r = -0.67, p = 0.006) in UC, and histological score (r = -0.58, p = 0.019) in patients with CD. VDR staining intensity was higher in quiescent than diseased segments. No relationship with serum 25(OH)D or oral vitamin D intake was noted. Immunohistochemical staining of 28 intestinal resection specimens from 15 patients (5 each with CD, UC and non-IBD controls) showed diffuse VDR staining in the mucosa, submucosa and circular muscle. CONCLUSIONS VDR transcript expression and protein staining intensity are inversely related to inflammation in IBD, but unrelated to serum 25(OH)D, and similar to non-IBD controls. Strategies to upregulate intestinal VDR, potentially translating to modulation of disease activity, require investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon G. Royce
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Tikellis
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire Shallue
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pavel Sluka
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hady Wardan
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick Hosking
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shaun Monagle
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Merlin Thomas
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - John S. Lubel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Victoria, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter R. Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Wang P, Qin X, Liu M, Wang X. The burgeoning role of cytochrome P450-mediated vitamin D metabolites against colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Res 2018; 133:9-20. [PMID: 29719203 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolites of vitamin D3 (VD3) mediated by different cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, play fundamental roles in many physiological processes in relation to human health. These metabolites regulate a variety of cellular signal pathways through the direct binding of activated vitamin D receptor/retinoic X receptor (VDR/RXR) heterodimeric complex to specific DNA sequences. Thus, the polymorphisms of VDR and VD3 metabolizing enzymes lead to differentiated efficiency of VD3 and further affect serum VD3 levels. Moreover, VDR activation is demonstrated to inhibit the growth of various cancers, including colorectal cancer. However, excessive intake of vitamin D may lead to hypercalcemia, which limits the application of vitamin D tremendously. In this review, we have summarized the advances in VD3 research, especially the metabolism map of VD3 and the molecular mechanisms of inhibiting growth and inducing differentiation in colorectal cancer mediated by VDR-associated cellular signal pathways. The relationship between VDR polymorphism and the risk of colorectal cancer is also illustrated. In particular, novel pathways of the activation of VD3 started by CYP11A1 and CYP3A4 are highlighted, which produce several noncalcemic and antiproliferative metabolites. At last, the hypothesis is put forward that further research of CYP-mediated VD3 metabolites may develop therapeutic agents for colorectal cancer without resulting in hypercalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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DeSmet ML, Fleet JC. Constitutively active RAS signaling reduces 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D-mediated gene transcription in intestinal epithelial cells by reducing vitamin D receptor expression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 173:194-201. [PMID: 28104492 PMCID: PMC5511787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
High vitamin D status is associated with reduced colon cancer risk but these studies ignore the diversity in the molecular etiology of colon cancer. RAS activating mutations are common in colon cancer and they activate pro-proliferative signaling pathways. We examined the impact of RAS activating mutations on 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D)-mediated gene expression in cultured colon and intestinal cell lines. Transient transfection of Caco-2 cells with a constitutively active mutant K-RAS (G12 V) significantly reduced 1,25(OH)2D-induced activity of both a human 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24 hydroxyase (CYP24A1) promoter-luciferase and an artificial 3X vitamin D response element (VDRE) promoter-luciferase reporter gene. Young Adult Mouse Colon (YAMC) and Rat Intestinal Epithelial (RIE) cell lines with stable expression of mutant H-RAS had suppressed 1,25(OH)2D-mediated induction of CYP24A1 mRNA. The RAS effects were associated with lower Vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA and protein levels in YAMC and RIE cells and they could be partially reversed by VDR overexpression. RAS-mediated suppression of VDR levels was not due to either reduced VDR mRNA stability or increased VDR gene methylation. However, chromatin accessibility to the VDR gene at the proximal promoter (-300bp), an enhancer region at -6kb, and an enhancer region located in exon 3 was significantly reduced in RAS transformed YAMC cells (YAMC-RAS). These data show that constitutively active RAS signaling suppresses 1,25(OH)2D-mediated gene transcription in colon epithelial cells by reducing VDR gene transcription but the mechanism for this suppression is not yet known. These data suggest that cancers with RAS-activating mutations may be less responsive to vitamin D mediated treatment or chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha L DeSmet
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Ph.D. Program, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
| | - James C Fleet
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Ph.D. Program, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
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12
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Elimrani I, Koenekoop J, Dionne S, Marcil V, Delvin E, Levy E, Seidman EG. Vitamin D Reduces Colitis- and Inflammation-Associated Colorectal Cancer in Mice Independent of NOD2. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:276-288. [PMID: 28045548 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1263346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Vitamin D (vD) induces NOD2 gene expression, enhancing immunity, while deficiency impairs intestinal epithelial integrity, increasing inflammation. This study investigated the effect of vD on CRC in colitis, and if preventive benefits are mediated via NOD2. Inflammation-associated CRC was induced by treating C57BL/6J and Nod2-/- mice with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) cycles (×3). vD-deficient mice displayed more severe colitis compared to vD-supplemented mice, with greater weight loss, higher colitis activity index, increased colonic weight/length ratios, and lower survival rates. Increased histological inflammation score and increased IL-6 were observed in the mucosa of vD-deficient mice. Overall incidence of colonic tumors was not significantly different between vD-deficient and vD-supplemented mice. Higher tumor multiplicity was observed in vD-deficient vs vD-supplemented groups (both mouse strains). After AOM/DSS treatment, decreased plasma 25(OH)D3 levels and downregulation of vD target genes Cyp24 and Vdr were observed in both mice strains (vD-deficient or vD-supplemented diet), compared to saline-treated controls on the vD-deficient diet. In conclusion, vD supplementation reduced colitis severity and decreased the number of inflammation-associated colorectal tumors in both C57BL/6J and Nod2-/- mice, independent of NOD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Elimrani
- a Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, IBD Laboratory, Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Jamie Koenekoop
- a Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, IBD Laboratory, Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Serge Dionne
- a Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, IBD Laboratory, Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Valerie Marcil
- a Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, IBD Laboratory, Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada.,b Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry , Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Edgar Delvin
- b Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry , Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- b Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry , Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Ernest G Seidman
- a Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, IBD Laboratory, Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
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Aggarwal A, Kállay E. Cross Talk between the Calcium-Sensing Receptor and the Vitamin D System in Prevention of Cancer. Front Physiol 2016; 7:451. [PMID: 27803671 PMCID: PMC5067519 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is epidemiological evidence for the cancer preventive effect of dietary calcium (Ca2+) and vitamin D. This effect is strongest in colorectal cancer (CRC). The active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3), bound to its receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulates the expression of hundreds of different genes in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. While Ca2+ acts through multiple mechanisms and pathways, some of its effects are mediated by the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). The joint action of Ca2+ and 1,25D3 is due to the fact that both regulate some of the main processes involved in the development of various cancers, such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and inflammation. Moreover, 1,25D3, bound to VDR can induce translation of the CaSR, while the amount and activity of the CaSR affects 1,25D3 signaling. However, the complexity of the cross-talk between the CaSR and the vitamin D system goes beyond regulating similar pathways and affecting each other's expression. Our aim was to review some of the mechanisms that drive the cross-talk between the vitamin D system and the CaSR with a special focus on the interaction in CRC cells. We evaluated the molecular evidence that supports the epidemiological observation that both vitamin D and calcium are needed for protection against malignant transformation of the colon and that their effect is modulated by the presence of a functional CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanford, CA, USA
| | - Enikö Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
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Wlochowitz D, Haubrock M, Arackal J, Bleckmann A, Wolff A, Beißbarth T, Wingender E, Gültas M. Computational Identification of Key Regulators in Two Different Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Front Genet 2016; 7:42. [PMID: 27092172 PMCID: PMC4820448 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are gene regulatory proteins that are essential for an effective regulation of the transcriptional machinery. Today, it is known that their expression plays an important role in several types of cancer. Computational identification of key players in specific cancer cell lines is still an open challenge in cancer research. In this study, we present a systematic approach which combines colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, namely 1638N-T1 and CMT-93, and well-established computational methods in order to compare these cell lines on the level of transcriptional regulation as well as on a pathway level, i.e., the cancer cell-intrinsic pathway repertoire. For this purpose, we firstly applied the Trinity platform to detect signature genes, and then applied analyses of the geneXplain platform to these for detection of upstream transcriptional regulators and their regulatory networks. We created a CRC-specific position weight matrix (PWM) library based on the TRANSFAC database (release 2014.1) to minimize the rate of false predictions in the promoter analyses. Using our proposed workflow, we specifically focused on revealing the similarities and differences in transcriptional regulation between the two CRC cell lines, and report a number of well-known, cancer-associated TFs with significantly enriched binding sites in the promoter regions of the signature genes. We show that, although the signature genes of both cell lines show no overlap, they may still be regulated by common TFs in CRC. Based on our findings, we suggest that canonical Wnt signaling is activated in 1638N-T1, but inhibited in CMT-93 through cross-talks of Wnt signaling with the VDR signaling pathway and/or LXR-related pathways. Furthermore, our findings provide indication of several master regulators being present such as MLK3 and Mapk1 (ERK2) which might be important in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of 1638N-T1 and CMT-93, respectively. Taken together, we provide new insights into the invasive potential of these cell lines, which can be used for development of effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Wlochowitz
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Haubrock
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jetcy Arackal
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Wolff
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Beißbarth
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Edgar Wingender
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Gültas
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
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