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Cirauqui BC, Peguera AB, Pi-Sunyer AQ, Ferrando-Díez A, Serrano JLR, Viñolas MD, García IT, García VQ, Oukadour IC, Valencia AG, Vergara PH, de Aguirre Egaña I, Herrero CQ, Carbonell OM, Paradís AL, Esteve A, Vila MM, Rosell R, Martínez-Cardús A, Mesía R. Deciphering the impact of STAT3 activation mediated by PTPRT promoter hypermethylation as biomarker of response to paclitaxel-plus-cetuximab in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck 2024. [PMID: 39072941 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis. It is known that the activation of STAT3 signaling pathways promotes the development and progression of this neoplasia and it has been described the role of PTPRT as a negative regulator of STAT3. Then, we have evaluated the impact of them as biomarkers of outcome in a series of patients with recurrent and/or metastatic SCCHN treated with weekly paclitaxel-plus-cetuximab (ERBITAX) regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 2008 and 2017, 52 patients with recurrent/metastatic SCCHN were treated with ERBITAX at our center, 34 of whom had available tumor samples. Phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, STAT3 mRNA expression by qPCR, and PTPRT promoter methylation by methylation-specific PCR. Molecular results were correlated with response rate (RR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS pSTAT3 overexpression was detected in 67% and PTPRT promoter hypermethylation in 41% of tumor samples. PTPRT promoter hypermethylation showed a trend towards an association with lower RR (21% vs. 60%; p = 0.06). A lower RR was also observed in patients with pSTAT3 overexpression (36% vs. 54%) and in those with high STAT3 mRNA levels (43% vs. 64%), but these differences did not reach statistical significance. PTPRT promoter hypermethylation correlated with pSTAT3 overexpression (p = 0.009) but not with STAT3 mRNA overexpression. OS and PFS was shorter in patients with activated STAT3, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Although this was a relatively small retrospective study, it provides preliminary indications of the potential role of the STAT3 pathway on outcome in SCCHN and confirms that PTPRT acts as a negative regulator of STAT3. Our findings warrant investigation in a larger patient cohort to determine if inactivating this pathway through specific targeted treatments could improve outcomes in recurrent/metastatic SCCHN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cirauqui Cirauqui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (BARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Translational Program in Cancer Research (CARE), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Head and Neck Functional Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona, Spain
| | - Adrià Bernat Peguera
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (BARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Translational Program in Cancer Research (CARE), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Quer Pi-Sunyer
- Head and Neck Functional Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Angelica Ferrando-Díez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (BARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Translational Program in Cancer Research (CARE), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Head and Neck Functional Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Domenech Viñolas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (BARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Translational Program in Cancer Research (CARE), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Iris Teruel García
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (BARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Translational Program in Cancer Research (CARE), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Quiroga García
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (BARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Translational Program in Cancer Research (CARE), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Imane Chaib Oukadour
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Andrea González Valencia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (BARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Translational Program in Cancer Research (CARE), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Itziar de Aguirre Egaña
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hematology Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Queralt Herrero
- Translational Program in Cancer Research (CARE), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Resistance Cancer Predictive Biomarkers Group, ProCURE Program-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona, Spain
| | - Oscar Mesía Carbonell
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (BARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Translational Program in Cancer Research (CARE), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Assumpció López Paradís
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (BARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Translational Program in Cancer Research (CARE), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (BARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Translational Program in Cancer Research (CARE), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Mireia Margelí Vila
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (BARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Translational Program in Cancer Research (CARE), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Martínez-Cardús
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (BARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Translational Program in Cancer Research (CARE), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Ricard Mesía
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (BARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Translational Program in Cancer Research (CARE), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
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2
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Khatoon E, Hegde M, Kumar A, Daimary UD, Sethi G, Bishayee A, Kunnumakkara AB. The multifaceted role of STAT3 pathway and its implication as a potential therapeutic target in oral cancer. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:507-534. [PMID: 35987863 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, and it has become a matter of serious concern due to the alarming rise in its incidence rate worldwide. Despite recent advancements in oral cancer treatment strategies, there are no significant improvements in patient's survival rate. Among the numerous cell signaling pathways involved in oral cancer development and progression, STAT3 is known to play a multifaceted oncogenic role in shaping the tumor pathophysiology. STAT3 hyperactivation in oral cancer contributes to survival, proliferation, invasion, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, metastasis, immunosuppression, chemoresistance, and poor prognosis. A plethora of pre-clinical and clinical studies have documented the role of STAT3 in the initiation and development of oral cancer and showed that STAT3 inhibition holds significant potential in the prevention and treatment of this cancer. However, to date, targeting STAT3 activation mainly involves inhibiting the upstream signaling molecules such as JAK and IL-6 receptors. The major challenge in targeting STAT3 lies in the complexity of its phosphorylation- and dimerization-independent functions, which are not affected by disrupting the upstream regulators. The present review delineates the significance of the STAT3 pathway in regulating various hallmarks of oral cancer. In addition, it highlights the STAT3 inhibitors identified to date through various preclinical and clinical studies that can be employed for the therapeutic intervention in oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Khatoon
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India. .,DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
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Alqalshy EM, Ibrahim AM, Abdel-Hafiz AAS, Kamal KAER, Alazzazi MA, Omar MR, Abdel-Wahab AS, Mohammed SS. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid as a chemopreventive agent on experimentally induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 31:100558. [PMID: 35443225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study was directed to investigate the effectiveness of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a chemopreventive agent on experimentally induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study we used 40 Syrian male hamsters, five weeks old, were divided into 4 groups (GI, GII, GIII, and GIV) of 10 animals in each as follows, GI: Topical application of liquid paraffin alone (thrice a week for 14 weeks), GII: Topical application of 7, 12 dimethyl benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) alone (0.5% in liquid paraffin, thrice a week for 14 weeks), GIII: Topical application of DMBA (0.5% in liquid paraffin, thrice a week for 14 weeks) + Oral administration of DHA (125 mg/kg b.w. in 1 ml distilled water by oral gavage, thrice a week for 14 weeks on alternative days of DMBA application), GIV: Oral administration of DHA alone (125 mg/kg b.w. in 1 ml distilled water by oral gavage, thrice a week for 14 weeks). RESULTS Gross observations and histopathological findings revealed that, in GI: normal stratified squamous epithelium, in GII: well and moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), in GIII: variable results ranges from hyperkeratosis, hyperkeratosis and focal hyperplasia, mild dysplasia, and well differentiated SCC with superficial invasion of tumor cells not extended to deeper areas, while in GIV: normal similar to GI. Immunohistochemical results indicated that oral DHA treatment to DMBA treated hamsters restored the normal expression of bcl-2. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that DHA has the potential to be a dietary chemopreventive agent due to its capacity to improve carcinogen detoxification and to block/suppress the initiation and promotion stages of experimentally produced HBP carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amr Mohamed Ibrahim
- Faculty of Dental Medicine (Boys-Cairo), AL- Azhar University, Basic Dental Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Deraya University, New Miya, Minya, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Magdy Alabasiry Alazzazi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine (Boys-Cairo), AL- Azhar University, Egypt; Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
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Baquero J, Tang XH, Scognamiglio T, Gudas LJ. EZH2 Knockout in Oral Cavity Basal Epithelia Causes More Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1485-1495. [PMID: 34614148 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (oral SCC) is an aggressive disease and despite intensive treatments, 5-year survival rates for patients have remained low in the last 20 years. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), part of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is highly expressed in human oral SCC samples and cell lines and has been associated with greater epithelia-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis. Here we developed a tamoxifen-regulated, transgenic mouse line (KcEZH2) in which EZH2 is selectively knocked out (KO) in some tongue epithelial basal stem cells (SCs) in adult mice. EZH2 KO SCs do not show the H3K27me3 mark, as assessed by double-label immunofluorescence. We used this mouse line to assess EZH2 actions during oral tumorigenesis with our immunocompetent 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) model of oral SCC. We report that higher percentages of mice with invasive SCCs and high-grade neoplastic lesions are observed in mice containing EZH2 KO SCs (KcEZH2-2TΔ and KcEZH2-5TΔ mice). Moreover, EZH2 expression does not correlate with the expression of markers of invasive SCCs. Finally, EZH2 KO cells that are E-cadherin+ are present at invasion fronts infiltrating underlying muscle tissue. Our findings indicate that the knockout of EZH2 in basal SCs of tongue epithelia results in more aggressive carcinomas, and this should be considered when targeting EZH2 as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Baquero
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Zhang M, He L, Liu J, Zhou L. Luteolin Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy through Suppressing Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress by Inhibiting STAT3 Pathway. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2021; 129:729-739. [PMID: 31896157 DOI: 10.1055/a-0998-7985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DN has many pathological changes, but tubular injury is considered to be a crucial pathological feature and plays a key role in the progression of DN. Accumulating studies have confirmed that Luteolin (3,4,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, Lut) possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which may play a role in kidney protection in DN. OBJECTIVES This paper described the effects of Lut on appropriated tubular injury in the kidneys of db/db mice and searched the possible mechanisms underlying the kidney protection effect in DN. METHODS Twelve-week-old male C57BL/6 J db/db and C57BL/6 J db/m mice were used for the animal experiments. They were organized into the following five groups for the animal experiments: a db/m group (control, n=6); a db/db group(n=8) ; a db/db group receiving Lut (10 mg/kg/day, n=8)treatment by oral gavage; a db/db group receiving stattic (a selective STAT3 inhibitor,50 mg/Kg/day, n=8) treatment by oral gavage and a db/db group receiving both stattic and Lut treatment by oral gavage. RESULTS In this study, we found that Lut might ameliorate glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis in DN mouse models through inhibiting the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. And it might play its biological function mainly through repressing the STAT3 activation. CONCLUSIONS Lut attenuates DN mainly via suppression of inflammatory response and oxidative response. STAT3 pathway is the potential target, which ultimately reduces renal fibrosis and delays the progress of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyuan Zhang
- Rehabilitation Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Liyu He
- Nephrology Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jingsong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Nephrology Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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Li L, Xu F, Xie P, Yuan L, Zhou M. PTPRT Could Be a Treatment Predictive and Prognostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3301402. [PMID: 34414233 PMCID: PMC8370817 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3301402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of PTPRT in breast cancer was not comprehensively explored and well analyzed. Our study comprehensively searched available databases to analyze the clinical role of PTPRT in breast cancer. We found PTPRT was an antioncogene and could be used to distinguish different stages, age groups, molecular types, and grades for breast cancer. PTPRT might be primary resistance biomarkers for taxane, anthracycline, and ixabepilone but not be acquired resistance biomarkers. Higher PTPRT expression levels were associated with longer overall survival and recurrence-free survival. PTPRT was negatively associated with Ki67 and CDK4/6 but positively associated with BCL-2. PTPRT might be associated with cell cycle and microtubule, and tumor infiltration in B cell and macrophage cell. PTPRT could predict chemotherapy effectiveness and prognosis for breast cancer patients. PTPRT might inhibit tumor growth via disrupting the microtubule dynamics and cell cycle in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle People Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle People Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Pingfang Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle People Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Liqin Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle People Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Meirong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle People Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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The 4-NQO mouse model: An update on a well-established in vivo model of oral carcinogenesis. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 163:197-229. [PMID: 33785166 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The early detection and management of oral premalignant lesions (OPMDs) improve their outcomes. Animal models that mimic histological and biological processes of human oral carcinogenesis may help to improve the identification of OPMD at-risk of progression into oral squamous cell carcinoma and to develop preventive strategies for the entire field of cancerization. No animal model is perfectly applicable for investigating human oral carcinogenesis. However, the 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) mouse model is well established and mimics several morphological, histological, genomic and molecular features of human oral carcinogenesis. Some of the reasons for the success of this model include its reproducible experimental conditions with limited variation, the possibility of realizing longitudinal studies with invasive intervention or gene manipulation, and sample availability for all stages of oral carcinogenesis, especially premalignant lesions. Moreover, the role of histological and molecular alterations in the field of cancerization (i.e., macroscopically healthy mucosa exposed to a carcinogen) during oral carcinogenesis can be easily explored using this model. In this review, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of this model for studying human oral carcinogenesis. In summary, the 4-NQO-induced murine oral cancer model is relevant for investigating human oral carcinogenesis, including the immune microenvironment, and for evaluating therapeutic and chemoprevention agents.
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Periyannan V, Annamalai V, Veerasamy V. Syringic acid modulates molecular marker-involved cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis in DMBA-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma in Syrian hamsters. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22574. [PMID: 32640096 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite, different medicinal phyto compounds giving an inexhaustible variety of anticancer drugs, potent signalling mechanism of leads the key successes of anticancer agent, anti-inflammatory, induction of apoptosis, and antiangiogenic. The current study was conducted to estimate the effect of syringic acid (SA) on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, inducing apoptosis and angiogenic signaling pathways in a hamster model by preneoplastic stages, histological, immunohistochemistry and immunoblots analysis. Hamsters were given oral cancer by painting 0.5% 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) for 10 weeks. The DMBA-painted hamsters were treated with an effective dose (50 mg/kg body weight) of SA for 14 weeks. The results revealed that oral preadministration of SA to DMBA-treated hamster oral tumorigenesis significantly increased Bcl-2-associated X protein, caspases-3 and -9, and reduced B-cell lymphoma protein 2 and inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase, and TNF-α expression through NF-κB, and angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor markers. Taken together, the current study suggests that SA prevents the DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis by triggering intrinsic apoptotic pathway via abrogation of the downstream signaling molecules such as COX-2, NF-κB, and TNF-α. This type of preventive strategy based on animal study will offer a means to design chemoprevention trials for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velu Periyannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Annamalai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India
| | - Vinothkumar Veerasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India
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Kim M, Baek M, Kim DJ. Protein Tyrosine Signaling and its Potential Therapeutic Implications in Carcinogenesis. Curr Pharm Des 2018. [PMID: 28625132 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170616082125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a crucial signaling mechanism that plays a role in epithelial carcinogenesis. Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) control various cellular processes including growth, differentiation, metabolism, and motility by activating major signaling pathways including STAT3, AKT, and MAPK. Genetic mutation of PTKs and/or prolonged activation of PTKs and their downstream pathways can lead to the development of epithelial cancer. Therefore, PTKs became an attractive target for cancer prevention. PTK inhibitors are continuously being developed, and they are currently used for the treatment of cancers that show a high expression of PTKs. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the homeostatic counterpart of PTKs, negatively regulate the rate and duration of phosphotyrosine signaling. PTPs initially were considered to be only housekeeping enzymes with low specificity. However, recent studies have demonstrated that PTPs can function as either tumor suppressors or tumor promoters, depending on their target substrates. Together, both PTK and PTP signal transduction pathways are potential therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Minwoo Baek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
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Sur S, Steele R, Aurora R, Varvares M, Schwetye KE, Ray RB. Bitter Melon Prevents the Development of 4-NQO-Induced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Immunocompetent Mouse Model by Modulating Immune Signaling. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 11:191-202. [PMID: 29061560 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and tobacco is one of the most common factors for HNSCC of the oral cavity. We have previously observed that bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extract (BME) exerts antiproliferative activity against several cancers including HNSCC. In this study, we investigated the preventive role of BME in 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) carcinogen-induced HNSCC. We observed that BME feeding significantly reduced the incidence of 4-NQO-induced oral cancer in a mouse model. Histologic analysis suggested control 4-NQO-treated mouse tongues showed neoplastic changes ranging from moderate dysplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma, whereas no significant dysplasia was observed in the BME-fed mouse tongues. We also examined the global transcriptome changes in normal versus carcinogen-induced tongue cancer tissues, and following BME feeding. Gene ontology and pathway analyses revealed a signature of biological processes including "immune system process" that is significantly dysregulated in 4-NQO-induced oral cancer. We identified elevated expression of proinflammatory genes, s100a9, IL23a, IL1β and immune checkpoint gene PDCD1/PD1, during oral cancer development. Interestingly, BME treatment significantly reduced their expression. Enhancement of MMP9 ("ossification" pathway) was noted during carcinogenesis, which was reduced in BME-fed mouse tongue tissues. Our study demonstrates the preventive effect of BME in 4-NQO-induced carcinogenesis. Identification of pathways involved in carcinogen-induced oral cancer provides useful information for prevention strategies. Together, our data strongly suggest the potential clinical benefits of BME as a chemopreventive agent in the control or delay of carcinogen-induced HNSCC development and progression. Cancer Prev Res; 11(4); 191-202. ©2017 AACRSee related editorial by Rao, p. 185.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Sur
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert Steele
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rajeev Aurora
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark Varvares
- Cancer Center, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Ratna B Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri. .,Cancer Center, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Novel Molecular Targets for Chemoprevention in Malignancies of the Head and Neck. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9090113. [PMID: 28858212 PMCID: PMC5615328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9090113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the head and neck region are among the leading causes of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. Oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia are identified as precursor lesions to malignancy. Patients cured of an initial primary head and neck cancer are also susceptible to developing second primary tumors due to cancerization of their mucosal field. Multi-step acquisition of genetic mutations leading to tumorigenesis and development of invasive cancer has been previously described. Recently, whole exome sequencing of tumor specimens has helped to identify driver mutations in this disease. For these reasons, chemoprevention or the use of systemic or biologic agents to prevent carcinogenesis is an attractive concept in head and neck cancers. Nonetheless, despite extensive clinical research in this field over the past couple decades, no standard of care option has emerged. This review article reports on targeted interventions that have been attempted in clinical trials to date, and focuses on novel molecular pathways and drugs in development that are worthy of being tested for this indication as part of future endeavors.
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Kay LJ, Smulders-Srinivasan TK, Soundararajan M. Understanding the Multifaceted Role of Human Down Syndrome Kinase DYRK1A. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 105:127-71. [PMID: 27567487 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dual-specificity tyrosine (Y) phosphorylation-regulated kinase DYRK1A, also known as Down syndrome (DS) kinase, is a dosage-dependent signaling kinase that was originally shown to be highly expressed in DS patients as a consequence of trisomy 21. Although this was evident some time ago, it is only in recent investigations that the molecular roles of DYRK1A in a wide range of cellular processes are becoming increasingly apparent. Since initial knowledge on DYRK1A became evident through minibrain mnb, the Drosophila homolog of DYRK1A, this review will first summarize the scientific reports on minibrain and further expand on the well-established neuronal functions of mammalian and human DYRK1A. Recent investigations across the current decade have provided rather interesting and compelling evidence in establishing nonneuronal functions for DYRK1A, including its role in infection, immunity, cardiomyocyte biology, cancer, and cell cycle control. The latter part of this review will therefore focus in detail on the emerging nonneuronal functions of DYRK1A and summarize the regulatory role of DYRK1A in controlling Tau and α-synuclein. Finally, the emerging role of DYRK1A in Parkinson's disease will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Kay
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - T K Smulders-Srinivasan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - M Soundararajan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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