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O'Grady I, O'Sullivan J. Alcohol consumption modulates Candida albicans-induced oral carcinogenesis and progression. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:293-304. [PMID: 37806338 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the impact of low levels of alcohol consumption on the interaction of the oral cavity with Candida albicans, a species that is commonly found at higher levels in the oral cavities of regular alcohol consumers, patients with pre-malignant diseases, and patients with existing oral cancer (OC). METHODS The gingival squamous cell carcinoma cell line, Ca9-22, was subjected to low-level ethanol exposure before co-culture with heat-inactivated C. albicans (HICA). We performed cell viability assays, measured reactive oxygen species, and used Western blot analysis for cell death markers to examine the effect of ethanol and HICA on cells. Scratch assays and anchorage-independent growth assays were used to determine cell behavioral changes. RESULTS The results showed that ethanol in combination with HICA exacerbated cell death and cell cycle disruption, delayed NF-κB signaling, increased TIMP-2 secretion, and subsequently decreased MMP-2 secretion when compared to exposure to HICA alone. Conversely, both ethanol and HICA independently increased proliferation of Ca9-22 cells in scratch assays, and in combination, increased their capacity for anchorage-independent growth. CONCLUSION Low levels of ethanol may provide protective effects against Candida-induced inflammatory oral carcinogenesis or OC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel O'Grady
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jeff O'Sullivan
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
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2
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Dalal S, Adhikary J, Roy A, Biswas SS, Mukhopadhyay PK, Acharya S, Ghosh A. Impact of hyperglycemia on the expression of GLUT1 during oral carcinogenesis in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2022. [PMID: 35713797 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On the background of the epidemiological link between diabetes and oral cancer, the present study aimed to analyze the potential involvement of selected glucose transporters (GLUT1/GLUT3/GLUT4), if any, in such putative association. METHODS AND RESULTS Oral carcinogenesis was induced by 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide in 10 non-diabetic and 10 diabetic rats; 8 non-diabetic and 7 diabetic rats served as controls. Expressions of selected GLUTs at mRNA and protein levels were analyzed in oral tissue (normal/lesion) by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. Premalignant lesions (hyperplasia/dysplasia/carcinoma-in-situ) appeared on tongues of carcinogen-treated animals. Significant increase of GLUT1mRNA level was seen from normal to lesion tongues, along increasing lesion grades (from hyperplasia/mild dysplasia to moderate/severe dysplasia) and in lesions induced under hyperglycemic condition than that induced under normoglycemic one; a similar trend was found in transcript variant-1 of GLUT1, but not in variant-2. GLUT3 and GLUT4 mRNA levels were comparable among lesions irrespective of grades and glycemic status. Concordant to mRNA level, overall expression of GLUT1 protein was higher in tongue lesions in presence of hyperglycemia than in absence of such condition; non-lesion portions of tongues exposed to carcinogen showed a similar trend. Moreover in carcinogen-treated groups, non-lesion and lesion portions of tongues under hyperglycemic condition showed predominantly membranous expression for GLUT1 which was again significantly higher than equivalent portions of tongue under normoglycemic condition. CONCLUSION Hyperglycemia seemed to favor GLUT1 over-expression and membrane localization of the protein during oral carcinogenesis. GLUT1 transcript variant-1 appeared to be more important than variant-2 in disease pathogenesis.
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Bouaoud J, Foy JP, Tortereau A, Michon L, Lavergne V, Gadot N, Boyault S, Valantin J, De Souza G, Zrounba P, Bertolus C, Bendriss-Vermare N, Saintigny P. Early changes in the immune microenvironment of oral potentially malignant disorders reveal an unexpected association of M2 macrophages with oral cancer free survival. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1944554. [PMID: 34239777 PMCID: PMC8238000 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1944554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of the immune microenvironment is critical to the development of immuno-based strategies for the prevention of oral potentially malignant disorders transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We used laser capture microdissection and RNA-sequencing to profile the expression of 13 matched pairs of epithelial versus stromal compartments from normal mucosa, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and invasive tumors in the 4-nitroquinolein (4-NQO) murine model of oral carcinogenesis. Genes differentially expressed at each step of transformation were defined. Immune cell deconvolution and enrichment scores of various biological processes including immune-related ones were computed. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to characterize the immune infiltrates by T-cells (T-cells CD3+, helper CD4+, cytotoxic CD8+, regulatory FoxP3+), B-cells (B220+), and macrophages (M1 iNOS+, M2 CD163+) at each histological step. Enrichment of three independent M2 macrophages signatures were computed in 86 oral leukoplakia with available clinical outcome. Most gene expression changes were observed in the stromal compartment and related to immune biological processes. Immune cell deconvolution identified infiltration by the macrophage population as the most important quantitatively especially at the stage of dysplasia. In 86 patients with oral leukoplakia, three M2 macrophages signatures were independently associated with improved oral cancer-free survival. This study provides a better understanding of the dynamics of the immune microenvironment during oral carcinogenesis and highlights an unexpected association of M2 macrophages gene expression signatures with oral cancer free survival in patients with oral leukoplakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jebrane Bouaoud
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity Department, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre De Recherche En Cancérologie De Lyon, Lyon, France.,Department of Translational Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Des Hôpitaux De Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Foy
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity Department, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre De Recherche En Cancérologie De Lyon, Lyon, France.,Department of Translational Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Des Hôpitaux De Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Lucas Michon
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Lavergne
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Gadot
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity Department, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre De Recherche En Cancérologie De Lyon, Lyon, France.,Department of Translational Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Boyault
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Julie Valantin
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity Department, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre De Recherche En Cancérologie De Lyon, Lyon, France.,Department of Translational Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Philippe Zrounba
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Department of Surgery, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Bertolus
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Des Hôpitaux De Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity Department, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre De Recherche En Cancérologie De Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity Department, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre De Recherche En Cancérologie De Lyon, Lyon, France.,Department of Translational Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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Shigeoka M, Koma YI, Nishio M, Akashi M, Yokozaki H. Alteration of Macrophage Infiltrating Compartment: A Novel View on Oral Carcinogenesis. Pathobiology 2021; 88:327-337. [PMID: 33965948 DOI: 10.1159/000515922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has remained high for decades; therefore, methods for early detection of OSCC are warranted. However, in the oral cavity, various mucosal diseases may be encountered, including reactive lesions and oral potentially malignant disorders, and it is difficult to differentiate OSCC from these lesions based on both clinical and histopathological findings. It is well known that chronic inflammation contributes to oral cancer development. Macrophages are among the most common inflammatory cells in cancer stromal tissue and have various roles in cancer aggressiveness. Although the roles of macrophages in cancer development have attracted attention, only a few studies have linked macrophages to carcinogenesis, particularly, oral precancerous lesions. SUMMARY This review article consists of 3 parts: first, we summarize current knowledge on macrophages in human various epithelial precancerous lesions, excluding the oral cavity, to show the importance and gaps in knowledge regarding macrophages in carcinogenesis; second, we review published data related to the role of macrophages in oral carcinogenesis; finally, we present a novel view on oral carcinogenesis, focusing on crosstalk between epithelial cells and macrophages. Key Messages: The biological features of macrophages in oral carcinogenesis differ drastically depending on the anatomical compartment that they infiltrate. Focusing on the alteration of macrophage infiltrating compartment may serve as a useful novel approach for studying the role of the macrophages in oral carcinogenesis and for gaining further insight into cancer prevention and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Ge S, Zhou H, Zhou Z, Liu L, Lou J. Serum metabolite profiling of a 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced experimental oral carcinogenesis model using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10619. [PMID: 33505800 PMCID: PMC7789858 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral cancer progresses from hyperplastic epithelial lesions through dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. The critical needs in oral cancer treatment are expanding our knowledge of malignant tumour progression and the development of useful approaches to prevent dysplastic lesions. This study was designed to gain insights into the underlying metabolic transformations that occur during the process of oral carcinogenesis. Methods We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in conjunction with multivariate statistical techniques to observe alterations in serum metabolites in a 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis model. Thirty-eight male rats were randomly divided into two groups, including the 4NQO-induced model group of 30 rats and the healthy control group of five rats. Animals were sacrificed at weeks 9, 13, 20, 24, and 32, post-4NQO treatment. Tissue samples were collected for histopathological examinations and blood samples were collected for metabolomic analysis. Partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) models generated from GC-MS metabolic profile data showed robust discrimination from rats with oral premalignant and malignant lesions induced by 4NQO, and normal controls. Results The results found 16 metabolites associated with 4NQO-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis. Dysregulated arachidonic acid, fatty acid, and glycine metabolism, as well as disturbed tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and mitochondrial respiratory chains were observed in the animal model. The PLS-DA models of metabolomic results demonstrated good separations between the 4NQO-induced model group and the normal control group. Conclusion We found several metabolites modulated by 4NQO and provide a good reference for further study of early diagnosis in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Ge
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Haiwen Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Zengtong Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Lin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Lou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Minarovits J. Anaerobic bacterial communities associated with oral carcinoma: Intratumoral, surface-biofilm and salivary microbiota. Anaerobe 2020; 68:102300. [PMID: 33246097 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It was estimated that more than 700 bacterial species inhabit the oral cavity of healthy humans. Anaerobes comprise a significant fraction of the oral bacteriome and play an important role in the formation of multi-species biofilms attached to various anatomical sites. Bacterial biofilms are also associated with pathologic laesions of the oral cavity, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and distinct oral taxa could also be detected within the tumors, i.e. in deep biopsy samples. These observations suggested that certain oral bacteria or oral bacterial communities may play a causative role in oral carcinogenesis, in addition to the well characterized risk factors of oral cancer. Alternatively, it was also proposed that a subset of oral bacteria may have a growth advantage in the unique microenvironment of OSCC. Recently, a series of studies analysed the OSCC-associated bacterial communities using metataxonomic, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches. This review outlines the major differences between the community structure of microbiota in tumor biopsy, surface-biofilm and salivary or oral wash samples collected from OSCC patients, compared to corresponding samples from control persons. A special emphasis is given to the anaerobic bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium periodonticum that were characterised repeatedly as "OSCC-associated" in independent studies. Predicted microbial functions and relevant in vivo experimental models of oral carcinogenesis will also be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Minarovits
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, H-6720 Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 64 Hungary.
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Bouaoud J, De Souza G, Darido C, Tortereau A, Elkabets M, Bertolus C, Saintigny P. The 4-NQO mouse model: An update on a well-established in vivo model of oral carcinogenesis. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 163:197-229. [PMID: 33785166 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The early detection and management of oral premalignant lesions (OPMDs) improve their outcomes. Animal models that mimic histological and biological processes of human oral carcinogenesis may help to improve the identification of OPMD at-risk of progression into oral squamous cell carcinoma and to develop preventive strategies for the entire field of cancerization. No animal model is perfectly applicable for investigating human oral carcinogenesis. However, the 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) mouse model is well established and mimics several morphological, histological, genomic and molecular features of human oral carcinogenesis. Some of the reasons for the success of this model include its reproducible experimental conditions with limited variation, the possibility of realizing longitudinal studies with invasive intervention or gene manipulation, and sample availability for all stages of oral carcinogenesis, especially premalignant lesions. Moreover, the role of histological and molecular alterations in the field of cancerization (i.e., macroscopically healthy mucosa exposed to a carcinogen) during oral carcinogenesis can be easily explored using this model. In this review, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of this model for studying human oral carcinogenesis. In summary, the 4-NQO-induced murine oral cancer model is relevant for investigating human oral carcinogenesis, including the immune microenvironment, and for evaluating therapeutic and chemoprevention agents.
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8
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Verma A, Vincent-Chong VK, DeJong H, Hershberger PA, Seshadri M. Impact of dietary vitamin D on initiation and progression of oral cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105603. [PMID: 31981799 PMCID: PMC7166186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcitriol, the active metabolite of vitamin D, has been widely studied for its preventive and therapeutic activity against several cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the impact of dietary vitamin D supplementation on initiation and progression of OSCC is unclear. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted preclinical trials using the 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide 4NQO carcinogen model of oral carcinogenesis. Female C57BL/6 mice were maintained on one of three vitamin D diets [25 IU, 100 IU, 10,000 IU] and exposed to 4NQO in drinking water for 16 weeks followed by regular water for 10 weeks. Body weight measurements obtained through the study duration did not reveal any differences between the three diets. Animals on 100 IU diet showed lower incidence of high-grade dysplasia/OSCC and higher CD3 + T cells compared to animals on 25 IU and 10,000 IU diets. Serum 25OHD3 levels were highest in animals on 10,000 IU diet at week 0 prior to carcinogen exposure but showed ∼50 % reduction at week 26. Histologic evaluation revealed highest incidence of OSCC in animals maintained on 10,000 IU diet. Animals on 100 IU and 10,000 IU diets showed higher vitamin D receptor VDR and CYP24A1 immunostaining in high-grade dysplastic lesions and OSCC compared to normal tongue. Validation studies performed in a 4NQO-derived OSCC model showed that short-term treatment of animals on a 25 IU diet with calcitriol significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to controls but did not affect tumor growth in animals on reference diet 1000 IU. Collectively, our results highlight the complex dynamics between vitamin D status and oral carcinogenesis. Our observations also suggest that therapeutic benefits of short-term calcitriol treatment may be more pronounced in vitamin D deficient hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mukund Seshadri
- Center for Oral Oncology, United States; Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States.
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Laskar AA, Khan MA, Ahmad S, Hashmi A, Younus H. Citral Inhibition of Human Salivary Aldehyde Dehydrogenase. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:31-42. [PMID: 31732914 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-019-00891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human salivary aldehyde dehydrogenase (hsALDH) protects us from the toxic effect of aldehydes. It has both diagnostic and therapeutic importance. Citral possesses many biological and pharmacological properties. The aim of this work was to investigate the inhibitory effect and the mechanism of inhibition of citral on hsALDH. Citral inhibits the dehydrogenase activity of hsALDH. It decreased the substrate affinity and to a lesser extent, the catalytic efficiency of hsALDH. Citral showed linear mixed-type inhibition with a higher tendency of competitive behavior with little, but significant, non-competitive inhibition. The nucleophilicity of active site Cys residue is not a significant contributing factor in the inhibition process. Citral shows uncompetitive inhibition towards the co-enzyme (NAD+). α-helix and β-sheet content of the enzyme were changed in presence of citral. Biophysical studies showed that citral quenches the intrinsic fluorescence of hsALDH in a static manner by forming complex with the enzyme. Molecular docking study showed that both the isomers of citral bind to the catalytic site of hsALDH interacting with few evolutionary preserved amino acid residues through multiple non-covalent interactions. Ligand efficiency metrics values indicate that citral is an efficient ligand for the enzyme in terms of its physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties.
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Teixeira Buck MG, Souza Cabral Tuci P, Perillo Rosin FC, Pinheiro Barcessat AR, Corrêa L. Immunohistochemistry profile of p75 neurotrophin receptor in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 96:169-177. [PMID: 30268558 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) model for carcinogenesis has been used to investigate cancer stem cells (CSC), but no study has addressed the role of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in 4-NQO-induced oral dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemistry profile of the p75NTR during 4-NQO-induced oral carcinogenesis in rats and to verify whether this profile has an association with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunolabeling. DESIGN For 28 weeks, rats were exposed to 4-NQO, which was diluted in the drinking water. After 3, 5, 7, 16, and 28 weeks, the animals were euthanized and their tongues were histologically analyzed using p75NTR and PCNA immunolabeling. RESULTS In animals without 4-NQO exposure, the p75NTR and PCNA were expressed only in the basal epithelial layer and in a clustered manner. The oral epithelium showed dysplasia and a significant increase in the number of p75NTR- and PCNA-positive cells, which were localized mainly in the basal and suprabasal epithelial layers during weeks 5-16 of 4-NQO exposure. When the epithelium invaded the lamina propria and well-differentiated OSCC began, the p75NTR-positive cell frequency drastically decreased in epithelial cords and nests, showing a negative correlation with PCNA expression. p75NTR immunolabeling during 4-NQO-induced carcinogenesis was similar to that described for human head and neck dysplasia and neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS p75NTR immunolabeling observed in 4-NQO-induced oral dysplastic and OSCC lesions were related to the early phases of oral carcinogenesis and may help predict cell dysplasia and malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gabriela Teixeira Buck
- Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Souza Cabral Tuci
- Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Cristina Perillo Rosin
- Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Pinheiro Barcessat
- Biological Health Sciences Department, School of Nursing, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, KM-02 Jardim Marco Zero Macapá, 68.903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Corrêa
- Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Lopes NM, Xavier FCA, Ortiz RC, Amôr NG, Garlet GP, Lara VS, Batista AC, Costa NL, Rodini CO. Subcellular localization and expression of E-cadherin and SNAIL are relevant since early stages of oral carcinogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1185-91. [PMID: 29970306 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The biological process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been studied in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) metastasis, but it is rarely evaluated at several stages of oral carcinogenesis. This study aimed to analyze the presence of SNAIL and E-cadherin proteins, markers of EMT, in the development and progression of OSCC, evaluating excised specimens of potentially malignant lesions (oral leukoplakia with and without dysplasia-OL and OLD, respectively), tumor tissues (OSCC), metastatic lymph nodes (LN), and normal oral mucosa (NOM) by immunohistochemistry, considering subcellular localization. Additionally, SNAIL and E-cadherin transcripts were evaluated in vitro by qPCR, using SCC-9 cell line in comparison to human keratinocytes (HPEC). There was a significant increase in nuclear expression of SNAIL from NOM to OLD followed by a noticeable decrease in nuclear expression accompanied by increased cytoplasmic expression in OSCC (p<0.05). The E-cadherin cytoplasmic expression was remarkable and statistically significant higher in OSCC and LN, both compared to NOM (p< 0.0001), OL (p<0.01) and OLD (p< 0.0001 and p<0.001, respectively). In vitro, E-cadherin and SNAIL transcripts were lower in SCC-9 compared to HPEC cells, although only the decrease of E-cadherin was statistically significant (p<0.05). Regarding the association of E-cadherin and SNAIL expression with the clinical findings, the analysis revealed an association between the cytoplasmic expression of SNAIL and the invasion pattern (p=0.05) in OSCC. The increased nuclear SNAIL expression may be characteristic of OLD, and the presence of E-cadherin in cell cytoplasm a marker of transformation to malignancy of potentially malignant oral leukoplakias into OSCC.
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Liao PH, Wang YY, Wang WC, Chen CH, Kao YH, Hsu JW, Chen CY, Chen PH, Yuan SS, Chen YK. Overexpression of sprouty2 in human oral squamous cell carcinogenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 87:131-142. [PMID: 29291435 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated SPRY2 expression in human oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). METHODS 75 OSCCs, 23 OPMDs with malignant transformation (MT), 17 OPMDs without MT, and eight normal oral mucosa (NOM) tissues were used for immunohistochemical staining; three OSCC tissues with normal tissue counterparts were used for western blotting. Three human oral cancer cell lines (OCCLs), an oral precancer cell line (DOK), and a NOM primary culture (NOMPC) were used for western blotting; OCCLs and NOMPC were employed for real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. OCCLs were evaluated in terms of proliferation, migration, invasion and BRAF V600E point mutation assays. RESULTS Significantly increased SPRY2 protein expression was observed in OSCCs as compared with NOM, and SPRY2 expression also differed between OSCC patients with and without lymph-node metastasis. SPRY2 protein and mRNA expressions were significantly enhanced as compared with NOMPC. Increased phospho-ERK expression was observed in OCCLs as compared with NOMPC. Significant decreases in the proliferation rate, degrees of migration and invasion were noted in OCCLs with SPRY2 siRNA transfection as compared with those without SPRY2 siRNA transfection. No BRAF V600E point mutation was observed for OCCLs as compared with NOMPC. A significantly increased SPRY2 protein level was noted in OPMDs with MT as compared to those without MT, and was also found in OPMDs with MT in comparison with NOM, as well as in DOK in comparison with NOMPC. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that SPRY2 overexpression is associated with human oral squamous-cell carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsien Liao
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yun Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chen Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ho Chen
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Wei Hsu
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ho Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou Yuan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yuk-Kwan Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Tanaka T, Kawabata K, Sugie S. 4-Nitroquinoline 1-Oxide-Induced Tongue and Esophagus Carcinogenesis in Obese and Diabetic TSOD Mice. World J Oncol 2017; 8:97-104. [PMID: 29147443 PMCID: PMC5650005 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1038w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and diabetes mellitus are associated with lifestyle-related carcinogenesis. They are also risk factors of esophageal adenocarcinoma, but there are only a few reports on association between obesity/diabetes and development of squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity and esophagus. In this study, we therefore aimed to determine whether obesity and diabetes affect oral and esophageal carcinogenesis using model mice of obesity and diabetes, the Tsumura Suzuki obese diabetes (TSOD) and Tsumura Suzuki non-obesity (TSNO) control mice, which were treated with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) to produce tongue and esophageal carcinomas. Methods We used 28 each of the male TSOD and TSNO mice of 8 weeks of age. They were divided into the 4-NQO-treated group (n = 20) and untreated group (n = 8). 4-NQO was administered to mice in drinking water at a dose level of 20 ppm for 8 weeks. The untreated group was given distilled water without 4-NQO. At 28 experimental weeks, histopathological examination was performed on all organs including tongue and esophagus. We performed analysis of histopathology of all organs which included buccal capsule (a tongue)/esophagus after an experiment start in 28 weeks. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipid parameters including total cholesterol (T-Cho), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol were measured and all these parameters were compared between the two genotypes. Also, mRNA expression of eight cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-γ, keratinocyte-derived cytokine (KC), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the esophageal mucosa was assayed. Results 4-NQO treatment produced proliferative squamous cell lesions (dysplasia, papilloma and carcinoma) in the tongue and esophagus of both the TSOD and TSNO mice. The incidence and multiplicity of tongue tumors were 30% and 0.45 ± 0.83 in the TSOD mice and 30% and 0.40 ± 0.68 in the TSNO mice. The incidence and multiplicity of esophageal tumors were 70% and 2.25 ± 2.29 in the TSOD mice and 30% and 0.60 ± 1.14 (P < 0.01) in the TSNO mice. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the obese and diabetic TSOD mice were susceptible to 4-NQO-induced esophageal carcinogenesis, suggesting risk factors of obese and diabetes for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Additionally, the TSOD mice were useful as esophagus carcinogenic model. Our study first reported that 4-NQO induced esophageal cancer in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) & Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC-DiP), Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu City, Gifu 500-8513, Japan.,Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Kawabata
- Palliative Care Center, Tokai Central Hospital, 4-6-2 Sohara-Higashijima-cho, Kakamigahara 504-8601, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Sugie
- Department of Pathology, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Asahi University, School of Dentistry, 3-23 Hashimoto-cho, Gifu City, Gifu 500-8523, Japan
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Manimaran A, Buddhan R, Manoharan S. EMODIN DOWNREGULATES CELL PROLIFERATION MARKERS DURING DMBA INDUCED ORAL CARCINOGENESIS IN GOLDEN SYRIAN HAMSTERS. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2017; 14:83-91. [PMID: 28573225 PMCID: PMC5446469 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cell-cycle disruption is the major characteristic features of neoplastic transformation and the status of cell-cycle regulators can thus be utilized to assess the prognostic significance in patients with cancer. The PCNA, cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6 and survivin expression in the buccal mucosa was utilized to evaluate the Emodin efficacy on abnormal cell proliferation during 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced oral carcinogenesis in golden Syrian hamsters. Materials and methods: Topical application of DMBA, three times a week for 14 weeks, on the hamsters’ buccal pouches developed well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Results: Cyclin D1 and PCNA over-expression and up-regulation of CDK4, CDK6 and survivin were noticed in the buccal mucosa of hamsters treated with DMBA alone. Emodin administration (50mg/kg b.w) orally to hamsters treated with DMBA down-regulated the expression of cell proliferation markers in the buccal mucosa. Conclusions: The anti-cell proliferative role of Emodin is owing to its modulating efficacy on cell-cycle markers towards the tumor suppression during DMBA induced oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asokan Manimaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajamanickam Buddhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shanmugam Manoharan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
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15
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Wang D, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Yuan C, Zhang W, Yuan H, Ye J, Yang J, Jiang H, Cheng J. The pluripotency factor LIN28B is involved in oral carcinogenesis and associates with tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:99. [PMID: 26478718 PMCID: PMC4608152 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective LIN28B is a conserved RNA-binding protein critically involved in development, cellular metabolism and tumorigenesis. It is frequently overexpressed in human cancers and correlates with tumor aggressiveness as well as unfavorable prognosis. However, the expression pattern and oncogenic roles of LIN28B during oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development and progression has not been well established yet. Here, we sought to determine the expression of LIN28B and its clinical significance using chemical-induced OSCC animal model, cell lines and primary specimens. Method The OSCC animal model was induced using 7,12-dimethyl-1,2-bezan-tracene (DMBA) painting in the hamster buccal pouch. Buccal lesions from animals were obtained from different time points and subjected to routine histological analyses and immunohistochemical staining of LIN28B. The mRNA, protein abundance and subcellular localization of LIN28B was determined in a panel of OSCC cell lines by real-time RT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. The expression levels of LIN28B in human primary OSCC samples were further evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Moreover, the relationship between LIN28B and several clinicopathological parameters as well as patients’ prognosis were also assessed. Results Our results revealed that negative or low LIN28B expression was commonly observed in normal epithelial, whereas more LIN28B abundance was identified in epithelial dysplasia and invasive SCC in the DMBA-induced OSCC animal model. Overexpression of LIN28B was identified in a major fraction of OSCC samples(39/58) and significantly associated with tumor size (P = 0.049) and advanced clinical stages (P = 0.0286). Patients with increased LIN28B had markedly reduced overall survival as compared to those with low LIN28B. Multivariate survival analyses further indicated that LIN28B abundance served as an independent prognostic factor for patients’ overall survival. Conclusions Our findings reveal that LIN28B is critically involved in OSCC initiation and progression and aberrantly overexpressed in human OSCC. It might represent a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmiao Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yuming Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Chunping Yuan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Jinhai Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Jianrong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Hongbing Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
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16
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Baldasquin-Caceres B, Gomez-Garcia FJ, López-Jornet P, Castillo-Sanchez J, Vicente-Ortega V. Chemopreventive potential of phenolic compounds in oral carcinogenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:1101-7. [PMID: 25033381 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the chemopreventive potential of phenolic compounds - potassium apigenin, cocoa, catechins, eriocitrin and rosmarinic acid in oral carcinogenesis induced in hamsters by means of the topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene(DMBA). STUDY DESIGN An experimental study at the University of Murcia. METHODS 50 male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were divided into five groups of ten: Group I (control group): 0.5% DMBA; Group II: 0.5% DMBA+1.1mg/15ml potassium apigenin; Group III: 05% DMBA+2.5mg/15ml cocoa catechins; Group IV: 0.5% DMBA+6mg/15ml eriocitrin; Group V: 0.5% DMBA+1.3mg/15ml rosmarinic acid. The flavonoids were administered orally. All the animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks. Macroscopic, microscopic and immunohistochemical (PCNA and p53) analyses of the lesions were performed. RESULTS All the groups treated with phenolic compounds showed lower incidences of tumour, greater differentiation and lower scores in the tumour invasion front grading system in comparison with the control group. Potassium apigenin and rosmarinic acid achieved the best results, the former considerably reduced the carcinoma tumour volumes developed and both significantly reduced the intensity and aggression of the tumours. Immunoexpression of PCNA and p53 were significantly altered during DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Animals treated with phenolic compounds, particularly potassium apigenin and rosmarinic acid, showed a lower incidence of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Baldasquin-Caceres
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - F J Gomez-Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - P López-Jornet
- Oral Medicine Ageing Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - J Castillo-Sanchez
- I+D+I Nutrafur SA Murcia Spain Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - V Vicente-Ortega
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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17
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González-Moles MA, Ruiz-Ávila I, Gil-Montoya JA, Plaza-Campillo J, Scully C. β-catenin in oral cancer: an update on current knowledge. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:818-24. [PMID: 24998198 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
β-Catenin is a multiple function protein. These functions derive from its interactions with other cell proteins, both on the cell membrane, in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. β-Catenin forms a complex with the adhesion molecule E-cadherin, promoting cell-cell adhesion and thereby preventing the cell dissociation that is required for cancer invasion and progression mechanisms. There is also a dynamic pool of cytoplasmic β-catenin that serves as connection between the extracellular microenvironment and the nucleus. Cytoplasmic β-catenin acts as a transcription factor for the nucleus in the canonical Wnt pathway, activating the transcription of various genes. Structural or functional alterations of β-catenin can promote cancer progression. This review addresses the current knowledge on the implications of β-catenin in the development of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A González-Moles
- School of Dentistry, Instituto de Biomedicina de Granada, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - I Ruiz-Ávila
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Granada Complejo Hospitalario san Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - J A Gil-Montoya
- School of Dentistry, Instituto de Biomedicina de Granada, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J Plaza-Campillo
- School of Dentistry, Instituto de Biomedicina de Granada, University of Granada, Spain
| | - C Scully
- University College of London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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de Souza MVR, Servato JPS, Loyola AM, Cardoso SV, Chammas R, Liu FT, Silva MJB, de Faria PR. Expression of APC protein during tongue malignant transformation in galectin-3-deficient mice challenged by the carcinogen 4-nitroquniline-n-oxide. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:3255-3263. [PMID: 25031746 PMCID: PMC4097242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal3) has been implicated in the development of different tumors because of its involvement in the Wnt signaling pathway by promoting beta-catenin translocation into the nucleus. The APC protein, a negative regulator of this pathway, has been strongly implicated in the development of colon cancer, but still has an undetermined role in the formation of oral cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Gal3, the Wnt signaling pathway, and APC expression in dysplasias and carcinomas developed experimentally in mice. Sixty galectin-3-deficient (Gal3(-/-)) and 60 wild-type (Gal3(+/+)) mice were early employed to be treated with the carcinogen 4NQO for 16 weeks and killed at either week 16 or week 32. Tongues were removed, processed and embedded in paraffin blocks. Sections 5 μm thick were made, and then stained by H&E to establish the diagnosis of dysplasia and carcinoma. Sections of 2 μm thickness were made to detect APC expression in these lesions by immunohistochemistry. Oral carcinogenesis occurred in both groups of mice, but no statistical difference was reached. APC expression was exclusively seen in the cytoplasm of all lesions studied. In the intragroup analysis, the majority of dysplasias and carcinomas exhibiting higher APC immunoreactivity was observed in Gal3(-/-) mice compared to Gal3(+/+) mice, but no significant difference was found. However, a statistical difference was only observed between dysplastic lesions from two mice. Our results showed that neither the absence of Gal3 nor the APC protein appears to play a role in malignant transformation of the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Paulo Silva Servato
- Department of Morphology, Biomedical Science Institute, Uberlândia Federal UniversityUberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roger Chammas
- School of Medicine, São Paulo UniversitySão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Paulo Rogério de Faria
- Department of Morphology, Biomedical Science Institute, Uberlândia Federal UniversityUberlândia, Brazil
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Choudhari SK, Chaudhary M, Gadbail AR, Sharma A, Tekade S. Oxidative and antioxidative mechanisms in oral cancer and precancer: a review. Oral Oncol 2013; 50:10-8. [PMID: 24126222 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Development of cancer in humans is a multistep process. Complex series of cellular and molecular changes participating in cancer development are mediated by a diversity of endogenous and exogenous stimuli and important amongst this is generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reactive radicals and non-radicals are collectively known as ROS. These can produce oxidative damage to the tissues and hence are known as oxidants in biological system. Many researchers have documented the role of ROS in both initiation and promotion of multistep carcinogenesis. To mitigate the harmful effects of free radicals, all aerobic cells are endowed with extensive antioxidant defence mechanisms. Lowered antioxidant capacity or the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance can lead to oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules leading to cancer. Oral cavity cancer is an important cancer globally and tobacco is the primary etiological factor in its development. Tobacco consumption exposes the oral epithelium to toxic oxygen and nitrogen free radicals that can affect host antioxidant defence mechanisms. Elevated levels of ROS and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) and lowered antioxidants are found in oral precancer and cancer. Protection can be provided by various antioxidants against deleterious action of these free radicals. Treatment with antioxidants has the potential to prevent, inhibit and reverse the multiple steps involved in oral carcinogenesis. This review is an attempt to understand the interesting correlation between ROS and RNS mediated cell damage and enzymatic and non-enzymatic defence mechanisms involved in oral cancer development and its progression and the use of antioxidants in oral cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Korde Choudhari
- Dept of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Yerala Dental College and Hospital, Kharghar, Mumbai 410 210, India.
| | - Minal Chaudhary
- Dept of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra 442 001, India.
| | - Amol R Gadbail
- Dept of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra 442 001, India.
| | - Aparna Sharma
- Dept of Oral Pathology, VSPM Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 019, India.
| | - Satyajit Tekade
- Dept of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Modern Dental College & Research Centre, Gandhi Nagar, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453112, India.
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Mendonça DF, Chammas R, Liu FT, Nonogaki S, Cardoso SV, Loyola AM, de Faria PR. The inactive form of glycogen synthase kinase-3β is associated with the development of carcinomas in galectin-3 wild-type mice, but not in galectin-3-deficient mice. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2012; 5:547-554. [PMID: 22949937 PMCID: PMC3430103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 has been implicated in the tumor development via its mediation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Likewise, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3β) also plays a role in the Wnt signaling pathway by controlling the levels of cytoplasmic beta-catenin. Altered GSK3β expression has been described in various tumors, but to date, there are no studies evaluating its expression in models of oral carcinogenesis. Additionally, it is unknown whether the absence of galectin-3 regulates the expression of GSK3β. To this end, Gal3-deficient (Gal3(-/-)) and wild-type (Gal3(+/+)) male mice were treated with 4NQO for 16 weeks and sacrificed at week 16 and 32. The tongues were removed, processed, and stained with H&E to detect dysplasias and carcinomas. An immunohistochemical assay was performed to determine the level of P-GSK3β-Ser9 expression in both groups. Carcinomas were more prevalent in Gal3(+/+) than Gal3(-/-) mice (55.5% vs. 28.5%), but no statistical difference was reached. In the dysplasias, the proportion of cells positive for P-GSK3β-Ser9 was slightly higher in Gal3(+/+) than Gal3(-/-) mice (63% vs. 61%). In the carcinomas, a significant difference between Gal3(+/+) and Gal3(-/-) mice was found (74% vs. 59%; p=0.02). P-GSK3β-Ser9-positive cells slightly decreased from the progression of dysplasias to carcinomas in Gal3(-/-) mice (61% vs. 59%; p>0.05). However, a significant increase in P-GSK3β-Ser9 expression was observed from dysplasias to carcinomas in Gal3(+/+) mice (63% vs. 74%; p=0.01). In conclusion, these findings suggest that fully malignant transformation of the tongue epithelium is associated with increased P-GSK3β-Ser9 expression in Gal3(+/+) mice, but not in Gal3(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Chammas
- São Paulo University, School of MedicineSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, School of MedicineSacramento, CA, USA
| | - Suely Nonogaki
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Molecular and Quantitative PathologySão Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Rogério de Faria
- Uberlândia Federal University, Biomedical Science Institute, Department of MorphologyUberlândia, Brazil
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