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Sato Y, Habara M, Hanaki S, Masaki T, Tomiyasu H, Miki Y, Sakurai M, Morimoto M, Kobayashi D, Miyamoto T, Shimada M. Calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation stabilizes E2F1 protein by suppressing binding of the FBXW7 ubiquitin ligase subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2414618121. [PMID: 39361641 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2414618121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor E2F1 serves as a regulator of the cell cycle and promotes cell proliferation. It is highly expressed in cancer tissues and contributes to their malignant transformation. Degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system may help to prevent such overexpression of E2F1 and thereby to suppress carcinogenesis. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying E2F1 degradation may therefore inform the development of new cancer treatments. We here identified SCFFBXW7 as a ubiquitin ligase for E2F1 by comprehensive analysis. We found that phosphorylation of E2F1 at serine-403 promotes its binding to FBXW7 (F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7) followed by its ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent serine-threonine phosphatase, was shown to stabilize E2F1 by mediating its dephosphorylation at serine-403 and thereby preventing FBXW7 binding. Treatment of cells with Ca2+ channel blockers resulted in downregulation of both E2F1 protein and the expression of E2F1 target genes, whereas treatment with the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin induced upregulation of E2F1. Finally, the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 attenuated xenograft tumor growth in mice in association with downregulation of E2F1 in the tumor tissue. Impairment of the balance between the opposing actions of FBXW7 and calcineurin in the regulation of E2F1 abundance may therefore play an important role in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Makoto Habara
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hanaki
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masaki
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Haruki Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Yosei Miki
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Masashi Sakurai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Morimoto
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Daigo Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
- Division of Advanced Genome Editing Therapy Research, Research Institute for Cell Design Medical Science, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Midori Shimada
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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2
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Liang LJ, Yang FY, Wang D, Zhang YF, Yu H, Wang Z, Sun BB, Liu YT, Wang GZ, Zhou GB. CIP2A induces PKM2 tetramer formation and oxidative phosphorylation in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Discov 2024; 10:13. [PMID: 38321019 PMCID: PMC10847417 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are usually considered defective in mitochondrial respiration, but human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor tissues are shown to have enhanced glucose oxidation relative to adjacent benign lung. Here, we reported that oncoprotein cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) inhibited glycolysis and promoted oxidative metabolism in NSCLC cells. CIP2A bound to pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and induced the formation of PKM2 tetramer, with serine 287 as a novel phosphorylation site essential for PKM2 dimer-tetramer switching. CIP2A redirected PKM2 to mitochondrion, leading to upregulation of Bcl2 via phosphorylating Bcl2 at threonine 69. Clinically, CIP2A level in tumor tissues was positively correlated with the level of phosphorylated PKM2 S287. CIP2A-targeting compounds synergized with glycolysis inhibitor in suppressing cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. These results indicated that CIP2A facilitates oxidative phosphorylation by promoting tetrameric PKM2 formation, and targeting CIP2A and glycolysis exhibits therapeutic potentials in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fu-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bei-Bei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Gui-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Guang-Biao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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3
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Nagelli S, Westermarck J. CIP2A coordinates phosphosignaling, mitosis, and the DNA damage response. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:52-64. [PMID: 37793965 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Human cancers share requirements for phosphorylation-dependent signaling, mitotic hyperactivity, and survival after DNA damage. The oncoprotein CIP2A (cancerous inhibitor of PP2A) can coordinate all these cancer cell characteristics. In addition to controlling cancer cell phosphoproteomes via inhibition of protein phosphatase PP2A, CIP2A directly interacts with the DNA damage protein TopBP1 (topoisomerase II-binding protein 1). Consequently, CIP2A allows DNA-damaged cells to enter mitosis and is essential for mitotic cells that are defective in homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair (e.g., BRCA mutants). The CIP2A-TopBP1 complex is also important for clustering fragmented chromosomes at mitosis. Clinically, CIP2A is a disease driver for basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (BL-TNBC) and a promising cancer therapy target across many cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikar Nagelli
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine and FICANWest Cancer Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine and FICANWest Cancer Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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4
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Lee DH, Imran M, Choi JH, Park YJ, Kim YH, Min S, Park TJ, Choi YW. CDK4/6 inhibitors induce breast cancer senescence with enhanced anti-tumor immunogenic properties compared with DNA-damaging agents. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:216-232. [PMID: 37854019 PMCID: PMC10766199 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since therapy-induced senescence (TIS) can either support or inhibit cancer progression, identifying which types of chemotherapeutic agents can produce the strongest anti-tumor TIS is an important issue. Here, cyclin-dependent kinase4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i)-induced senescence was compared to the TIS induced by conventional DNA-damaging agents. Despite both types of agents eliciting a similar degree of senescence, we observed increased expression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and ligands related to pro-tumor immunity (IL6, CXCL8, TGFβ, CD274, and CEACAM1) and angiogenesis (VEGFA) mainly in TIS induced by DNA-damaging agents rather than by CDK4/6i. Additionally, although all agents increased the expression of anti-tumor immunomodulatory proteins related to antigen presentation (MHC-I, B2M) and T cell chemokines (CXCL9, 10, 11), CDK4/6i-induced senescent cells still maintained this expression at a similar or even higher intensity than cells treated with DNA-damaging agents, despite the absence of nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) and p53 activation. These data suggest that in contrast with DNA-damaging agents, which augment the pro-tumorigenic microenvironment via pro-inflammatory SASP, CDK4/6i can generate TIS only with antitumor immunomodulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonKorea
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwonKorea
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwonKorea
| | - Jae Ho Choi
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwonKorea
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
| | - Yoo Jung Park
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
| | - Young Hwa Kim
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwonKorea
| | - Sunwoo Min
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)DaejeonKorea
| | - Tae Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonKorea
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwonKorea
| | - Yong Won Choi
- Inflamm‐Aging Translational Research CenterAjou University Medical CenterSuwonKorea
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
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5
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Ibitoye O, Ibrahim MAA, Soliman MES. Exploring the composition of protein-ligand binding sites for cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) by inhibitor guided binding analysis: paving a new way for the Discovery of drug candidates against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2023; 43:133-143. [PMID: 38166612 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2023.2298903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with high-grade invasive carcinoma leading to a 10% to 15% death rate in younger premenopausal women. Targeting cancerous inhibitors of protein phosphatase (CIP2A) has been a highly effective approach for exploring therapeutic drug candidates. Lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown promising inhibition properties by inducing apoptosis in TNBC carcinogenesis in vivo. Despite knowledge of the 3D structure of CIP2A, no reports provide insight into CIP2A ligand binding sites. To this effect, we conducted in silico site identification guided by lapatinib binding. Four of the five sites identified were cross-validated, and the stem domain revealed more excellent ligand binding affinity. The binding affinity of lapatinib in these sites was further computed using the Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) approach. According to MM/PBSA//200 ns MD simulations, lapatinib exhibited a higher binding affinity against CIP2A in site 2 with ΔG critical values of -37.1 kcal/mol. The steadiness and tightness of lapatinib with CIP2A inside the stem domain disclosed glutamic acid-318 as the culprit amino acid with the highest electrostatic energy. These results provide clear information on the CIP2A domain capable of ligand binding and validate lapatinib as a promising CIP2A inhibitor in TNBC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwayimika Ibitoye
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Center for Bioinformatics and Drug Design, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia,Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Medda A, Compagnoni M, Spini G, Citro S, Croci O, Campaner S, Tagliabue M, Ansarin M, Chiocca S. c-MYC-dependent transcriptional inhibition of autophagy is implicated in cisplatin sensitivity in HPV-positive head and neck cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:719. [PMID: 37925449 PMCID: PMC10625625 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is important for the removal, degradation and recycling of damaged organelles, proteins, and lipids through the degradative action of lysosomes. In addition to its catabolic function, autophagy is important in cancer and viral-mediated tumorigenesis, including Human Papillomavirus (HPV) positive cancers. HPV infection is a major risk factor in a subset of head and neck cancer (HNC), for which no targeted therapies are currently available. Herein, we assessed autophagy function in HPV-positive HNC. We showed that HPV-positive HNC cells presented a transcriptional and functional impairment of the autophagic process compared to HPV-negative cells, which were reactivated by knocking down HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins, the drivers of cellular transformation. We found that the oncoprotein c-MYC was stabilized and triggered in HPV-positive cell lines. This resulted in the reduced binding of the MiT/TFE transcription factors to their autophagy targets due to c-MYC competition. Thus, the knock-down of c-MYC induced the upregulation of autophagic and lysosomal genes in HPV-positive HNC cells, as well as the increase of autophagic markers at the protein level. Moreover, HPV oncoprotein E7 upregulated the expression of the phosphatase inhibitor CIP2A, accounting for c-MYC upregulation and stability in HPV+ HNC cells. CIP2A mRNA expression negatively correlated with autophagy gene expression in tumor tissues from HNC patients, showing, for the first time, its implication in a transcriptional autophagic context. Both CIP2A and c-MYC knock-down, as well as pharmacological downregulation of c-MYC, resulted in increased resistance to cisplatin treatment. Our results not only show a novel way by which HPV oncoproteins manipulate the host machinery but also provide more insights into the role of autophagy in chemoresistance, with possible implications for targeted HPV-positive HNC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medda
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Micaela Compagnoni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Spini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Citro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio Croci
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT, CGS@SEMM (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia at European School of Molecular Medicine), Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Campaner
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT, CGS@SEMM (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia at European School of Molecular Medicine), Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Tagliabue
- Division of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mohssen Ansarin
- Division of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.
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7
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Che Y, Zhang H, Li H, Wu X. CIP2A interacts with AKT1 to promote the malignant biological behaviors of oral squamous cell carcinoma by upregulating the GSK‑3β/β‑catenin pathway. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:514. [PMID: 37840566 PMCID: PMC10570767 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, which is associated with a poor prognosis. The present study aimed to investigate the role of cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) in OSCC and its regulatory effect on AKT1. Firstly, CIP2A and AKT1 expression in OSCC cells was detected by western blotting. After silencing CIP2A, cell viability and cell proliferation were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL staining and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was assessed using western blotting. Wound healing, Transwell and tube formation assays were performed to evaluate CAL-27 cell migration, invasion and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation. The interaction between CIP2A and AKT1 was identified by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP). In addition, AKT1 was overexpressed in CIP2A-silenced CAL-27 cells to perform rescue experiments to analyze the malignant biological functions of CAL-27 cells. Finally, the expression of proteins in the glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β/β-catenin pathway was determined by western blot analysis. Markedly elevated CIP2A and AKT1 expression was observed in OSCC cells. CIP2A knockdown inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted the apoptosis of CAL-27 cells. Concurrently, CIP2A loss-of-function attenuated tube formation. Results of Co-IP confirmed there was an interaction between CIP2A and AKT1. Rescue experiments suggested that AKT1 overexpression alleviated the inhibitory effects of CIP2A knockdown on the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion of CAL-27 cells, as well as tube formation in HUVECs . Additionally, CIP2A silencing significantly downregulated phosphorylated-GSK-3β and β-catenin expression, which was reversed by AKT1 overexpression. In conclusion, CIP2A could interact with AKT1 to promote the malignant biological behaviors of OSCC cells by upregulating the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. These findings may provide a targeted therapy for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Che
- Department of Stomatology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Stomatology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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8
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Peris I, Romero-Murillo S, Vicente C, Narla G, Odero MD. Regulation and role of the PP2A-B56 holoenzyme family in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188953. [PMID: 37437699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inactivation is common in cancer, leading to sustained activation of pro-survival and growth-promoting pathways. PP2A consists of a scaffolding A-subunit, a catalytic C-subunit, and a regulatory B-subunit. The functional complexity of PP2A holoenzymes arises mainly through the vast repertoire of regulatory B-subunits, which determine both their substrate specificity and their subcellular localization. Therefore, a major challenge for developing more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer is to identify the specific PP2A complexes to be targeted. Of note, the development of small molecules specifically directed at PP2A-B56α has opened new therapeutic avenues in both solid and hematological tumors. Here, we focus on the B56/PR61 family of PP2A regulatory subunits, which have a central role in directing PP2A tumor suppressor activity. We provide an overview of the mechanisms controlling the formation and regulation of these complexes, the pathways they control, and the mechanisms underlying their deregulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Peris
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Romero-Murillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Vicente
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria D Odero
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Wu J, Ye F, Xu T. Celastrol impairs tumor growth by modulating the CIP2A-GSK3β-MCL-1 axis in gastric cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6894-6904. [PMID: 37470692 PMCID: PMC10415568 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM High Cancerous Inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) expression has been reported in solid and hematologic malignancies and is inversely associated with prognosis in Gastric Cancer, the non-small cell lung cancer, et al. CIP2A can be a drug target for the development of novel anti-gastric cancer agent. Our study was designed to explore the anti-cancer effect of celastrol, a small natural compound, and whether it has an anti-proliferative effect through inducing CIP2A degradation against gastric cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Employing human gastric cancer cells AGS and BCG-823 cells, the effects of celastrol on cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle was specifically investigated via Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and CCK8 assay. The functional association between celastrol and CIP2A was evaluated by using CIP2A knockdown and overexpression technique. The mechanism of underlying celastrol-triggering anti-gastric cancer effect was detected by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. RESULTS Celastrol concentration- and time-dependently induced CIP2A degradation and led to gastric cancer cell apoptosis. More in depth studies revealed specific activation of Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-GSK3β-MCL-1 signaling pathway was involved in pro-apoptosis effect of celastrol, due to celastrol-triggering degradation of CIP2A, which mainly suppressed PP2A activity. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight that celastrol has therapeutic potential via inducing apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Dermatology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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10
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Chen D, Fan S, Wang J, Liang Y, Li P, Lv X, Sun Y, Wang Q, Liu H, Zhang C, Yi Y. Cip2a induces arginine biosynthesis and promotes tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:561-572. [PMID: 36705466 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (Cip2a) is an oncoprotein, playing important roles in tumor progression. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Cip2a promotes tumor aggressiveness in NSCLC remain to be further investigated. In this study, we found that Cip2a expression is elevated in NSCLC and correlates with poor prognosis. Knockdown of Cip2a significantly reduced the ability of cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that Cip2a promotes tumor progression partly by inducing arginine biosynthesis, and knockdown of Cip2a exhibited a significantly increased sensitivity to arginine deprivation and mTOR inhibition. In addition, we found that p53 mutants in NSCLC cells increased Cip2a expression by inhibiting the activity of wild-type p53. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of Cip2a in promoting tumor progression and suggest that Cip2a represents a potential therapeutic target for treating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siwen Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanqing Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Pan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinwu Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanqin Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanmei Yi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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11
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Pavic K, Gupta N, Omella JD, Derua R, Aakula A, Huhtaniemi R, Määttä JA, Höfflin N, Okkeri J, Wang Z, Kauko O, Varjus R, Honkanen H, Abankwa D, Köhn M, Hytönen VP, Xu W, Nilsson J, Page R, Janssens V, Leitner A, Westermarck J. Structural mechanism for inhibition of PP2A-B56α and oncogenicity by CIP2A. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1143. [PMID: 36854761 PMCID: PMC9974998 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) heterotrimer PP2A-B56α is a human tumour suppressor. However, the molecular mechanisms inhibiting PP2A-B56α in cancer are poorly understood. Here, we report molecular level details and structural mechanisms of PP2A-B56α inhibition by an oncoprotein CIP2A. Upon direct binding to PP2A-B56α trimer, CIP2A displaces the PP2A-A subunit and thereby hijacks both the B56α, and the catalytic PP2Ac subunit to form a CIP2A-B56α-PP2Ac pseudotrimer. Further, CIP2A competes with B56α substrate binding by blocking the LxxIxE-motif substrate binding pocket on B56α. Relevant to oncogenic activity of CIP2A across human cancers, the N-terminal head domain-mediated interaction with B56α stabilizes CIP2A protein. Functionally, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated single amino acid mutagenesis of the head domain blunted MYC expression and MEK phosphorylation, and abrogated triple-negative breast cancer in vivo tumour growth. Collectively, we discover a unique multi-step hijack and mute protein complex regulation mechanism resulting in tumour suppressor PP2A-B56α inhibition. Further, the results unfold a structural determinant for the oncogenic activity of CIP2A, potentially facilitating therapeutic modulation of CIP2A in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pavic
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Judit Domènech Omella
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- SyBioMa, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Aakula
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Huhtaniemi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha A Määttä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nico Höfflin
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juha Okkeri
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Otto Kauko
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Roosa Varjus
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Henrik Honkanen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Abankwa
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maja Köhn
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Wenqing Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander Leitner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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12
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Gao H, Zhou F, Li R, Yuan J, Ye L. E2F1 inhibits cellular senescence and promotes oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:185. [PMID: 36923082 PMCID: PMC10009566 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Doctors have always been overwhelmed by tumor drug resistance because it is a major challenge in the clinical treatment of tumors. Cellular senescence has a strong relationship with the development of tumor drug resistance. Herein, we aimed to explore new regulatory factors involved in the aging process of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and assess the effect of cellular senescence on CRC drug resistance. Methods Genes associated with cellular senescence for anticipating regulatory factors were first used, and the regulatory molecules of survival significance were then identified based on the results of public database analysis. The effects of E2F translation factor 1 (E2F1) on CRC cell viability, invasion, migration, and cellular senescence processes were assessed through 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT), 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), Transwell, scar repairining, β-galactosidase staining, and cell immunofluorescence assays, respectively. Overexpression or silencing plasmids were used for transfecting HCT116 or OXA-HCT116 to assess the effect of E2F1 on the senescence process and drug resistance in CRC cells. Results On combining the database analysis results with those of our studies, we found that E2F1 was a critical regulator of cellular senescence in CRC. In the in vitro experiments, the E2F1 overexpression significantly stimulated the proliferation, invasion, and migration of CRC cells and even reduced oxaliplatin-induced senescence, further enhancing their resistance to oxaliplatin. Conversely, the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer was repressed after the suppression of E2F1. Furthermore, CRC cells, which were otherwise resistant to oxaliplatin, also showed senescent phenotypes. Conclusions Our results suggest that E2F1 suppresses the aging of CRC cells and tumor cells develop resistance to oxaliplatin through high E2F1 expression. Moreover, E2F1 may act as a possible target for oxaliplatin resistance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Runze Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Yuan
- Department of Biospecimen Centre, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Chen B, Hu H, Chen X. From Basic Science to Clinical Practice: The Role of Cancerous Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A (CIP2A)/p90 in Cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1110656. [PMID: 36911405 PMCID: PMC9998691 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), initially reported as a tumor-associated antigen (known as p90), is highly expressed in most solid and hematological tumors. The interaction of CIP2A/p90, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and c-Myc can hinder the function of PP2A toward c-Myc S62 induction, thus stabilizing c-Myc protein, which represents a potential role of CIP2A/p90 in tumorigeneses such as cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, as well as cancer drug resistance. The signaling pathways and regulation networks of CIP2A/p90 are complex and not yet fully understood. Many previous studies have also demonstrated that CIP2A/p90 can be used as a potential therapeutic cancer target. In addition, the autoantibody against CIP2A/p90 in sera may be used as a promising biomarker in the diagnosis of certain types of cancer. In this Review, we focus on recent advances relating to CIP2A/p90 and their implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huihui Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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14
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The Pivotal Role of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415717. [PMID: 36555359 PMCID: PMC9779694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a highly complex heterotrimeric Ser/Thr phosphatase that regulates many cellular processes. PP2A is dysregulated in several human diseases, including oncological pathology; interestingly, PP2A appears to be essential for controlling cell growth and may be involved in cancer development. The role of PP2A as a tumor suppressor has been extensively studied and reviewed. To leverage the potential clinical utility of combination PP2A inhibition and radiotherapy treatment, it is vital that novel highly specific PP2A inhibitors be developed. In this review, the existing literature on the role of PP2A in brain tumors, especially in gliomas and glioblastoma (GBM), was analyzed. Interestingly, the review focused on the role of PP2A inhibitors, focusing on CIP2A inhibition, as CIP2A participated in tumor cell growth by stimulating cell-renewal survival, cellular proliferation, evasion of senescence and inhibition of apoptosis. This review suggested CIP2A inhibition as a promising strategy in oncology target therapy.
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15
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ECPPF (E2F1, CCNA2, POLE, PPP2R1A, FBXW7) stratification: Profiling high-risk subtypes of histomorphologically low-risk and treatment-insensitive endometrioid endometrial cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278408. [PMID: 36454788 PMCID: PMC9714733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In endometrial cancer, occult high-risk subtypes (rooted in histomorphologically low-risk disease) with insensitivity to adjuvant therapies impede improvements in therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, we aimed to assess the ability of molecular high-risk (MHR) and low-risk (MLR) ECPPF (E2F1, CCNA2, POLE, PPP2R1A, FBXW7) stratification to profile recurrence in early, low-risk endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) and insensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) in high-risk EEC. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas endometrial cancer database, we identified 192 EEC cases with available DNA sequencing and RNA expression data. Molecular parameters were integrated with clinicopathologic risk factors and adverse surveillance events. MHR was defined as high (-H) CCNA2 or E2F1 log2 expression (≥2.75), PPP2R1A mutations (-mu), or FBXW7mu; MLR was defined as low (-L) CCNA2 and E2F1 log2 expression (<2.75). We assessed 164 cases, plus another 28 with POLEmu for favorable-outcomes comparisons. MHR and MLR had significantly different progression-free survival (PFS) rates (P < .001), independent of traditional risk factors (eg, TP53mu), except for stage IV disease. PFS of CCNA2-L/E2F1-L paralleled that of POLEmu. ECPPF status stratified responses to adjuvant therapy in stage III-IV EEC (P < .01) and profiled stage I, grade 1-2 cases with risk of recurrence (P < .001). MHR was associated with CTNNB1mu-linked treatment failures (P < .001). Expression of homologous recombination repair (HR) and cell cycle genes was significantly elevated in CCNA2-H/E2F1-H compared with CCNA2-L/E2F1-L (P<1.0E-10), suggesting that HR deficiencies may underlie the favorable PFS in MLR. HRmu were detected in 20.7%. No treatment failures were observed in high-grade or advanced EEC with HRmu (P = .02). Favorable PFS in clinically high-risk EEC was associated with HRmu and MLR ECPPF (P < .001). In summary, MLR ECPPF and HRmu were associated with therapeutic efficacy in EEC. MHR ECPPF was associated with low-risk, early-stage recurrences and insensitivity to adjuvant therapies.
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16
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Chuang HW, Pan JH, Cai YX, Rupa D, Huang TS, Kuo TC, Lin CW, Chen CW, Lin CC, Lee HS, Yuan TC. Reciprocal regulation of CIP2A and AR expression in prostate cancer cells. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:87. [PMID: 36098827 PMCID: PMC9470804 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is an oncoprotein overexpressed in human malignancies, including prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we aimed to explore the oncogenic function of CIP2A in PCa cells and its underlying mechanism. We showed that 63.3% (38/60 cases) of PCa tissues exhibited a high CIP2A immunostaining, compared to 25% (3/12 cases) of BPH samples (p = 0.023). Furthermore, the protein level of CIP2A was positively correlated with patients' short survival time and nuclear AR levels in PCa tissues. Compared to PZ-HPV-7, an immortalized prostate cell line, androgen-sensitive LNCaP C-33, androgen-independent LNCaP C-81, or 22Rv1 cells exhibited a high CIP2A level, associated with high protein and phosphorylation levels of AR. While AR expression and activity modulated CIP2A expression, manipulating CIP2A expression in PCa cells regulated their AR protein levels and proliferation. The reduction of CIP2A expression also enhanced the sensitivity of PCa cells toward Enzalutamide treatment. Our data further showed that depletion of polo-kinase 1 (PLK1) expression or activity in C-81 or 22Rv1 cells caused reduced protein levels of c-Myc and AR. Notably, inhibition of PLK1 activity could abolish CIP2A-promoted expressions in c-Myc, AR, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in C-33 cells under an androgen-deprived condition, suggesting the role of PLK1 activity in CIP2A-promoted AR expression. In summary, our data showed the existence of a novel regulation between CIP2A and AR protein levels, which is critical for promoting PCa malignancy. Thus, CIP2A could serve as a therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Chuang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Dazhong 1st Rd, Zuoying Dist, Kaohsiung, 813414, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jian-Hua Pan
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Xuan Cai
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Darius Rupa
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Syuan Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Chien Kuo
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Wei Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Chin Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Dazhong 1st Rd, Zuoying Dist, Kaohsiung, 813414, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Herng-Sheng Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Dazhong 1st Rd, Zuoying Dist, Kaohsiung, 813414, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ta-Chun Yuan
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan, ROC.
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17
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Cvrljevic AN, Butt U, Huhtinen K, Grönroos TJ, Böckelman C, Lassus H, Butzow R, Haglund C, Kaipio K, Arsiola T, Laajala TD, Connolly DC, Ristimäki A, Carpen O, Pouwels J, Westermarck J. Ovarian Cancers with Low CIP2A Tumor Expression Constitute an APR-246-Sensitive Disease Subtype. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1236-1245. [PMID: 35364610 PMCID: PMC9256766 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Identification of ovarian cancer patient subpopulations with increased sensitivity to targeted therapies could offer significant clinical benefit. We report that 22% of the high-grade ovarian cancer tumors at diagnosis express CIP2A oncoprotein at low levels. Furthermore, regardless of their significantly lower likelihood of disease relapse after standard chemotherapy, a portion of relapsed tumors retain their CIP2A-deficient phenotype. Through a screen for therapeutics that would preferentially kill CIP2A-deficient ovarian cancer cells, we identified reactive oxygen species inducer APR-246, tested previously in ovarian cancer clinical trials. Consistent with CIP2A-deficient ovarian cancer subtype in humans, CIP2A is dispensable for development of MISIIR-Tag-driven mouse ovarian cancer tumors. Nevertheless, CIP2A-null ovarian cancer tumor cells from MISIIR-Tag mice displayed APR-246 hypersensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the lack of CIP2A expression hypersensitizes the ovarian cancer cells to APR-246 by inhibition of NF-κB activity. Accordingly, combination of APR-246 and NF-κB inhibitor compounds strongly synergized in killing of CIP2A-positive ovarian cancer cells. Collectively, the results warrant consideration of clinical testing of APR-246 for CIP2A-deficient ovarian cancer tumor subtype patients. Results also reveal CIP2A as a candidate APR-246 combination therapy target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N. Cvrljevic
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Umar Butt
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa Huhtinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tove J. Grönroos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Camilla Böckelman
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heini Lassus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Pathology and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki,HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Kaipio
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina Arsiola
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu D. Laajala
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Denise C. Connolly
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Department of Pathology and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki,HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Carpen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jeroen Pouwels
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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18
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Oct4 facilitates chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by mediating CIP2A expression. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:11-21. [PMID: 35435493 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone development and cartilage formation require strict modulation of gene expression for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to progress through their differentiation stages. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) expression is generally restricted to developing embryonic pluripotent cells, but its role in chondrogenic differentiation (CD) of MSCs remains unclear. We therefore investigated the role of Oct4 in CD using a microarray, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. The expression of Oct4 was elevated when the CD of cultured MSCs was induced. Silencing Oct4 damaged MSC growth and proliferation and decreased CD, indicated by decreased cartilage matrix formation and the expression of Col2a1, Col10a1, Acan, and Sox9. We found a positive correlation between the expression of CIP2A, a natural inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and that of Oct4. Cellular inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) expression gradually increased after CD. Overexpression of CIP2A in MSCs with Oct4 depletion promoted cartilage matrix deposition as well as Col2a1, Col10a1, Acan, and Sox9 expression. The chondrogenic induction triggered c-Myc, Akt, ERK, and MEK phosphorylation and upregulated c-Myc and mTOR expression, which was downregulated upon Oct4 knockdown and restored by CIP2A overexpression. These findings indicated that Oct4 functions as an essential chondrogenesis regulator, partly via the CIP2A/PP2A pathway.
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19
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Luque M, Cristóbal I, Sanz-Álvarez M, Santos A, Zazo S, Eroles P, Arpí O, Rovira A, Albanell J, Madoz-Gúrpide J, García-Foncillas J, Rojo F. CIP2A as a Key Regulator for AKT Phosphorylation Has Partial Impact Determining Clinical Outcome in Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061610. [PMID: 35329936 PMCID: PMC8955826 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Together with its reported ability to modulate AKT phosphorylation (p-AKT) status in several tumor types, the oncoprotein CIP2A has been described to induce breast cancer progression and drug resistance. However, the clinical and therapeutic relevance of the CIP2A/AKT interplay in breast cancer remains to be fully clarified. Here, we found high p-AKT levels in 80 out of 220 cases (36.4%), which were associated with negative estrogen receptor expression (p = 0.049) and CIP2A overexpression (p < 0.001). Interestingly, p-AKT determined substantially shorter overall (p = 0.002) and progression-free survival (p = 0.003), and multivariate analyses showed its CIP2A-independent prognostic value. Moreover, its clinical relevance was further confirmed in the triple negative and HER2-positive subgroups after stratifying our series by molecular subtype. Functionally, we confirmed in vitro the role of CIP2A as a regulator of p-AKT levels in breast cancer cell lines, and the importance of the CIP2A/AKT axis was also validated in vivo. Finally, p-AKT also showed a higher predictive value of response to doxorubicin than CIP2A in ex vivo analyses. In conclusion, our findings suggest that CIP2A overexpression is a key contributing event to AKT phosphorylation and highlights the CIP2A/AKT axis as a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer. However, our observations highlight the existence of alternative mechanisms that regulate AKT signaling in a subgroup of breast tumors without altered CIP2A expression that determines its independent value as a marker of poor outcome in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani Luque
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-Á.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, ISS-FJD-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (F.R.); Tel.: +34-915-504-800 (I.C. & F.R.)
| | - Marta Sanz-Álvarez
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-Á.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, ISS-FJD-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-Á.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Pilar Eroles
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Oriol Arpí
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (O.A.); (A.R.); (J.A.)
| | - Ana Rovira
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (O.A.); (A.R.); (J.A.)
| | - Joan Albanell
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (O.A.); (A.R.); (J.A.)
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-Á.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-Á.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.)
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (F.R.); Tel.: +34-915-504-800 (I.C. & F.R.)
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20
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Liu S, Bu X, Kan A, Luo L, Xu Y, Chen H, Lin X, Lai Z, Wen D, Huang L, Shi M. SP1-induced lncRNA DUBR promotes stemness and oxaliplatin resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma via E2F1-CIP2A feedback. Cancer Lett 2022; 528:16-30. [PMID: 34958891 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is widely used to treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but many patients develop drug resistance that leads to tumor recurrence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to contribute to chemoresistance, the underlying mechanism, however, remains largely unknown. In this study, we discovered a specificity protein 1 (SP1)-induced long noncoding RNA--DPPA2 upstream binding RNA (DUBR) and its high expression in HCC tissues and liver CSCs. DUBR was associated with HCC progression and poor chemotherapy response. Moreover, DUBR facilitated the stemness and oxaliplatin resistance of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, DUBR upregulated cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) expression through E2F1-mediated transcription regulation. DUBR also exerted function by binding microRNA (miR)-520d-5p as a competing endogenous RNA to upregulate CIP2A at mRNA level. CIP2A, in turn, stabilized E2F1 protein and activated the Notch1 signaling pathway, thereby increasing the stemness feature of HCC and leading to chemoresistance. In conclusion, we identified SP1/DUBR/E2F1-CIP2A as a critical axis to activate the Notch1 signaling pathway and promote stemness and chemoresistance of HCC. Therefore, DUBR could be a potential target in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xy Bu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anna Kan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yj Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hl Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xj Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zc Lai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ds Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lc Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Tarek MM, Yahia A, El-Nakib MM, Elhefnawi M. Integrative assessment of CIP2A overexpression and mutational effects in human malignancies identifies possible deleterious variants. Comput Biol Med 2021; 139:104986. [PMID: 34739970 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
KIAA1524 is the gene encoding the human cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) protein which is regarded as a novel target for cancer therapy. It is overexpressed in 65%-90% of tissues in almost all studied human cancers. CIP2A expression correlates with cancer progression, disease aggressivity in lung cancer besides poor survival and resistance to chemotherapy in breast cancer. Herein, a pan-cancer analysis of public gene expression datasets was conducted showing significant upregulation of CIP2A in cancerous and metastatic tissues. CIP2A overexpression also correlated with poor survival of cancer patients. To determine the non-coding variants associated with CIP2A overexpression, 5'UTR and 3'UTR variants were annotated and scored using RegulomeDB and Enformer deep learning model. The 5'UTR variants rs1239349555, rs1576326380, and rs1231839144 were predicted to be potential regulators of CIP2A overexpression scoring best on RegulomeDB annotations with a high "2a" rank of supporting experimental data. These variants also scored the highest on Enformer predictions. Analysis of the 3'UTR variants of CIP2A predicted rs56255137 and rs58758610 to alter binding sites of hsa-miR-500a-5 and (hsa-miR-3671, hsa-miR-5692a) respectively. Both variants were also found in linkage disequilibrium with rs11709183 and rs147863209 respectively at r2 ≥ 0.8. The aforementioned variants were found to be eQTL hits significantly associated with CIP2A overexpression. Further, analysis of rs11709183 and rs147863209 revealed a high "2b" rank on RegulomeDB annotations indicating a probable effect on DNAse transcription factors binding. The MuTarget analysis indicated that somatic mutations in TP53 are significantly associated with upregulated CIP2A in human cancers. Analysis of missense SNPs on CIP2A solved structure predicted seven deleterious effects. Four of these variants were also predicted as structurally and functionally destabilizing to CIP2A including; rs375108755, rs147942716, rs368722879, and rs367941403. Variant rs1193091427 was predicted as a potential intronic splicing mutation that might be responsible for the novel CIP2A variant (NOCIVA) in multiple myeloma. Finally, Enrichment of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway within the CIP2A regulatory gene network suggested potential of therapeutic combinations between FTY720 with Wnt/β-catenin, Plk1 and/or HDAC inhibitors to downregulate CIP2A which has been shown to be essential for the survival of different cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Tarek
- Bioinformatics Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM) Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Yahia
- Otolaryngology Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM) Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud Elhefnawi
- Biomedical Informatics and Chemo-Informatics Group, Centre of Excellence for Medical Research, Informatics and Systems Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Li B, Zhang G, Wang Z, Yang Y, Wang C, Fang D, Liu K, Wang F, Mei Y. c-Myc-activated USP2-AS1 suppresses senescence and promotes tumor progression via stabilization of E2F1 mRNA. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1006. [PMID: 34707111 PMCID: PMC8551278 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The c-Myc oncoprotein plays a prominent role in cancer initiation, progression, and maintenance. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are recently emerging as critical regulators of the c-Myc signaling pathway. Here, we report the lncRNA USP2-AS1 as a direct transcriptional target of c-Myc. Functionally, USP2-AS1 inhibits cellular senescence and acts as an oncogenic molecule by inducing E2F1 expression. Mechanistically, USP2-AS1 associates with the RNA-binding protein G3BP1 and facilitates the interaction of G3BP1 to E2F1 3′-untranslated region, thereby leading to the stabilization of E2F1 messenger RNA. Furthermore, USP2-AS1 is shown as a mediator of the oncogenic function of c-Myc via the regulation of E2F1. Together, these findings suggest that USP2-AS1 is a negative regulator of cellular senescence and also implicates USP2-AS1 as an important player in mediating c-Myc function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chenfeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Debao Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kaiyue Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Yide Mei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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23
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Al‐Akhrass H, Pietilä M, Lilja J, Vesilahti E, Anttila JM, Haikala HM, Munne PM, Klefström J, Peuhu E, Ivaska J. Sortilin-related receptor is a druggable therapeutic target in breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:116-129. [PMID: 34564954 PMCID: PMC8732349 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, the currently approved anti‐receptor tyrosine‐protein kinase erbB‐2 (HER2) therapies do not fully meet the expected clinical goals due to therapy resistance. Identifying alternative HER2‐related therapeutic targets could offer a means to overcome these resistance mechanisms. We have previously demonstrated that an endosomal sorting protein, sortilin‐related receptor (SorLA), regulates the traffic and signaling of HER2 and HER3, thus promoting resistance to HER2‐targeted therapy in breast cancer. This study aims to assess the feasibility of targeting SorLA using a monoclonal antibody. Our results demonstrate that anti‐SorLA antibody (SorLA ab) alters the resistance of breast cancer cells to HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab in vitro and in ovo. We found that SorLA ab and trastuzumab combination therapy also inhibits tumor cell proliferation and tumor cell density in a mouse xenograft model of HER2‐positive breast cancer. In addition, SorLA ab inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer patient‐derived explant three‐dimensional cultures. These results provide, for the first time, proof of principle that SorLA is a druggable target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Al‐Akhrass
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | - Mika Pietilä
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
- Present address:
Janssen‐Cilag OyVaisalantie 2Espoo02130Finland
| | - Johanna Lilja
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | | | - Johanna M. Anttila
- Finnish Cancer InstituteFICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Medical FacultyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Heidi M. Haikala
- Finnish Cancer InstituteFICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Medical FacultyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Pauliina M. Munne
- Finnish Cancer InstituteFICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Medical FacultyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Juha Klefström
- Finnish Cancer InstituteFICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Medical FacultyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Emilia Peuhu
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Laboratory FICAN WestUniversity of TurkuFinland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
- Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuFinland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship CenterUniversity of TurkuFinland
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24
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Cancer stem cell phosphatases. Biochem J 2021; 478:2899-2920. [PMID: 34319405 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in the initiation and progression of human malignancies by enabling cancer tissue self-renewal capacity and constituting the therapy-resistant population of tumor cells. However, despite the exhausting characterization of CSC genetics, epigenetics, and kinase signaling, eradication of CSCs remains an unattainable goal in most human malignancies. While phosphatases contribute equally with kinases to cellular phosphoregulation, our understanding of phosphatases in CSCs lags severely behind our knowledge about other CSC signaling mechanisms. Many cancer-relevant phosphatases have recently become druggable, indicating that further understanding of the CSC phosphatases might provide novel therapeutic opportunities. This review summarizes the current knowledge about fundamental, but yet poorly understood involvement of phosphatases in the regulation of major CSC signaling pathways. We also review the functional roles of phosphatases in CSC self-renewal, cancer progression, and therapy resistance; focusing particularly on hematological cancers and glioblastoma. We further discuss the small molecule targeting of CSC phosphatases and their therapeutic potential in cancer combination therapies.
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25
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Vainonen JP, Momeny M, Westermarck J. Druggable cancer phosphatases. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/588/eabe2967. [PMID: 33827975 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The phosphorylation status of oncoproteins is regulated by both kinases and phosphatases. Kinase inhibitors are rarely sufficient for successful cancer treatment, and phosphatases have been considered undruggable targets for cancer drug development. However, innovative pharmacological approaches for targeting phosphatases have recently emerged. Here, we review progress in the therapeutic targeting of oncogenic Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2) and tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and select other druggable oncogenic and tumor suppressor phosphatases. We describe the modes of action for currently available small molecules that target phosphatases, their use in drug combinations, and advances in clinical development toward future cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P Vainonen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Majid Momeny
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland. .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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26
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Chakrabarty A, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya R, Chowdhury G. Senescence-Induced Chemoresistance in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Evolution-Based Treatment Strategies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:674354. [PMID: 34249714 PMCID: PMC8264500 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.674354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is classically treated with combination chemotherapies. Although, initially responsive to chemotherapies, TNBC patients frequently develop drug-resistant, metastatic disease. Chemotherapy resistance can develop through many mechanisms, including induction of a transient growth-arrested state, known as the therapy-induced senescence (TIS). In this paper, we will focus on chemoresistance in TNBC due to TIS. One of the key characteristics of senescent cells is a complex secretory phenotype, known as the senescence-associated secretory proteome (SASP), which by prompting immune-mediated clearance of senescent cells maintains tissue homeostasis and suppresses tumorigenesis. However, in cancer, particularly with TIS, senescent cells themselves as well as SASP promote cellular reprograming into a stem-like state responsible for the emergence of drug-resistant, aggressive clones. In addition to chemotherapies, outcomes of recently approved immune and DNA damage-response (DDR)-directed therapies are also affected by TIS, implying that this a common strategy used by cancer cells for evading treatment. Although there has been an explosion of scientific research for manipulating TIS for prevention of drug resistance, much of it is still at the pre-clinical stage. From an evolutionary perspective, cancer is driven by natural selection, wherein the fittest tumor cells survive and proliferate while the tumor microenvironment influences tumor cell fitness. As TIS seems to be preferred for increasing the fitness of drug-challenged cancer cells, we will propose a few tactics to control it by using the principles of evolutionary biology. We hope that with appropriate therapeutic intervention, this detrimental cellular fate could be diverted in favor of TNBC patients.
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27
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Laine A, Nagelli SG, Farrington C, Butt U, Cvrljevic AN, Vainonen JP, Feringa FM, Grönroos TJ, Gautam P, Khan S, Sihto H, Qiao X, Pavic K, Connolly DC, Kronqvist P, Elo LL, Maurer J, Wennerberg K, Medema RH, Joensuu H, Peuhu E, de Visser K, Narla G, Westermarck J. CIP2A Interacts with TopBP1 and Drives Basal-Like Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4319-4331. [PMID: 34145035 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancers (BLBC) are characterized by defects in homologous recombination (HR), deficient mitotic checkpoint, and high-proliferation activity. Here, we discover CIP2A as a candidate driver of BLBC. CIP2A was essential for DNA damage-induced initiation of mouse BLBC-like mammary tumors and for survival of HR-defective BLBC cells. CIP2A was dispensable for normal mammary gland development and for unperturbed mitosis, but selectively essential for mitotic progression of DNA damaged cells. A direct interaction between CIP2A and a DNA repair scaffold protein TopBP1 was identified, and CIP2A inhibition resulted in enhanced DNA damage-induced TopBP1 and RAD51 recruitment to chromatin in mammary epithelial cells. In addition to its role in tumor initiation, and survival of BRCA-deficient cells, CIP2A also drove proliferative MYC and E2F1 signaling in basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (BL-TNBC) cells. Clinically, high CIP2A expression was associated with poor patient prognosis in BL-TNBCs but not in other breast cancer subtypes. Small-molecule reactivators of PP2A (SMAP) inhibited CIP2A transcription, phenocopied the CIP2A-deficient DNA damage response (DDR), and inhibited growth of patient-derived BLBC xenograft. In summary, these results demonstrate that CIP2A directly interacts with TopBP1 and coordinates DNA damage-induced mitotic checkpoint and proliferation, thereby driving BLBC initiation and progression. SMAPs could serve as a surrogate therapeutic strategy to inhibit the oncogenic activity of CIP2A in BLBCs. SIGNIFICANCE: These results identify CIP2A as a nongenetic driver and therapeutic target in basal-like breast cancer that regulates DNA damage-induced G2-M checkpoint and proliferative signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Laine
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Srikar G Nagelli
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Caroline Farrington
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Umar Butt
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna N Cvrljevic
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Julia P Vainonen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Femke M Feringa
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tove J Grönroos
- Turku PET Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Prson Gautam
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Sihto
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xi Qiao
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Karolina Pavic
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Denise C Connolly
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), Aachen, Germany
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rene H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heikki Joensuu
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emilia Peuhu
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Karin de Visser
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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28
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Depletion of CIP2A inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of glioma cells. Brain Res Bull 2021; 173:14-21. [PMID: 33892085 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CIP2A is an oncoprotein that is overexpressed in multiple solid tumours and some malignant haematologic disorders. However, its function in glioma is poorly understood. In this study, our results demonstrated that the expression of CIP2A was higher in glioma tissues than in normal tissues. Using tissue microarrays for immunohistochemistry, we found that the intensity of CIP2A expression was higher in high-grade gliomas (grade III-IV) than in low-grade gliomas (grade I-II). In addition, we found that depletion of CIP2A inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Taken together, our findings revealed that CIP2A was involved in glioma progression, indicating that CIP2A could be used as a potential therapeutic target in the future.
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29
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Mäkelä E, Pavic K, Varila T, Salmenniemi U, Löyttyniemi E, Nagelli SG, Ammunét T, Kähäri VM, Clark RE, Elo LL, Bachanaboyina VK, Lucas CM, Itälä-Remes M, Westermarck J. Discovery of a Novel CIP2A Variant (NOCIVA) with Clinical Relevance in Predicting TKI Resistance in Myeloid Leukemias. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2848-2860. [PMID: 33674272 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is an oncoprotein that inhibits the tumor suppressor PP2A-B56α. However, CIP2A mRNA variants remain uncharacterized. Here, we report the discovery of a CIP2A splicing variant, novel CIP2A variant (NOCIVA). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Characterization of CIP2A variants was performed by both 3' and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends from cancer cells. The function of NOCIVA was assessed by structural and molecular biology approaches. Its clinical relevance was studied in an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient cohort and two independent chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cohorts. RESULTS NOCIVA contains CIP2A exons 1 to 13 fused to 349 nucleotides from CIP2A intron 13. Intriguingly, the first 39 nucleotides of the NOCIVA-specific sequence are in the coding frame with exon 13 of CIP2A and code for a 13-amino acid peptide tail nonhomologous to any known human protein sequence. Therefore, NOCIVA translates to a unique human protein. NOCIVA retains the capacity to bind to B56α, but, whereas CIP2A is predominantly a cytoplasmic protein, NOCIVA translocates to the nucleus. Indicative of prevalent alternative splicing from CIP2A to NOCIVA in myeloid malignancies, AML and CML patient samples overexpress NOCIVA, but not CIP2A mRNA. In AML, a high NOCIVA/CIP2A mRNA expression ratio is a marker for adverse overall survival. In CML, high NOCIVA expression is associated with inferior event-free survival among imatinib-treated patients, but not among patients treated with dasatinib or nilotinib. CONCLUSIONS We discovered a novel variant of the oncoprotein CIP2A and its clinical relevance in predicting tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy resistance in myeloid leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Mäkelä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Karolina Pavic
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Taru Varila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Urpu Salmenniemi
- Department of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Srikar G Nagelli
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Programme, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tea Ammunét
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Richard E Clark
- Department of Molecular, Clinical and Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Claire M Lucas
- Department of Molecular, Clinical and Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom.,Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Chester, England, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Bosquet JG, Zhang Q, Cliby WA, Bakkum-Gamez JN, Cen L, Dowdy SC, Sherman ME, Weroha SJ, Clayton AC, Kipp BR, Halling KC, Couch FJ, Podratz KC. Association of a novel endometrial cancer biomarker panel with prognostic risk, platinum insensitivity, and targetable therapeutic options. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245664. [PMID: 33503056 PMCID: PMC7840025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, the age-adjusted mortality rate for endometrial cancer (EC) increased 1.9% annually with TP53 mutant (TP53-mu) EC disproportionally represented in advanced disease and deaths. Therefore, we aimed to assess pivotal molecular parameters that differentiate clinical outcomes in high- and low-risk EC. Using the Cancer Genome Atlas, we analyzed EC specimens with available DNA sequences and quantitative gene-specific RNA expression data. After polymerase ɛ (POLE)-mutant specimens were excluded, differential gene-specific mutations and mRNA expressions were annotated and integrated. Consequent to TP53-mu failure to induce p21, derepression of multiple oncogenes harboring promoter p21 repressive sites was observed, including CCNA2 and FOXM1 (P < .001 compared with TP53 wild type [TP53-wt]). TP53-wt EC with high CCNA2 expression (CCNA2-H) had a targeted transcriptomic profile similar to that of TP53-mu EC, suggesting CCNA2 is a seminal determinant for both TP53-wt and TP53-mu EC. CCNA2 enhances E2F1 function, upregulating FOXM1 and CIP2A, as observed in TP53-mu and CCNA2-H TP53-wt EC (P < .001). CIP2A inhibits protein phosphatase 2A, leading to AKT inactivation of GSK3β and restricted oncoprotein degradation; PPP2R1A and FBXW7 mutations yield similar results. Upregulation of FOXM1 and failed degradation of FOXM1 is evidenced by marked upregulation of multiple homologous recombination genes (P < .001). Integrating these molecular aberrations generated a molecular biomarker panel with significant prognostic discrimination (P = 5.8×10−7); adjusting for age, histology, grade, myometrial invasion, TP53 status, and stage, only CCNA2-H/E2F1-H (P = .0003), FBXW7-mu/PPP2R1A-mu (P = .0002), and stage (P = .017) were significant. The generated prognostic molecular classification system identifies dissimilar signaling aberrations potentially amenable to targetable therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Gonzalez Bosquet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Qing Zhang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - William A. Cliby
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jamie N. Bakkum-Gamez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ling Cen
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sean C. Dowdy
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Sherman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - S. John Weroha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Amy C. Clayton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R. Kipp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kevin C. Halling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Karl C. Podratz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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2,5-Dimethyl Celecoxib Inhibits Proliferation and Cell Cycle and Induces Apoptosis in Glioblastoma by Suppressing CIP2A/PP2A/Akt Signaling Axis. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1703-1713. [PMID: 33400072 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
2,5-Dimethyl-celecoxib (DMC) is a close structural analog of the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib that lacks COX-2-inhibitory function. Thus, DMC is a promising drug for anti-tumor. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and the molecular basis of DMC in the treatment of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). DMC inhibited the growth and proliferation of GBM cell lines (LN229, A172, U251, and U87MG) in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001). In GBM cells treated with DMC, detection by flow cytometry showed cell cycle arrest, and proteins involved in cell cycle such as P21 were increased. Compared with control group, Annexin-V/PI-staining in DMC-treatment group was increased, indicating that DMC could induce apoptosis in GBM cells. Also, associated proteins including cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP-1 were increased. It was further explored whether DMC blocked cell cycle and induced apoptosis in GBM cells through CIP2A/PP2A/AKT signaling pathway. After treatment of DMC, the phosphorylation of Akt was reduced while the total Akt level was not affected. DMC suppressed the expression of CIP2A in a time-dependent manner, while the CIP2A overexpression group reversed cell cycle and apoptotic protein expression led by DMC. Finally, in a xenograft model in nude mice using LN229 cells, DMC suppressed tumor growth. These findings proved that DMC could block cell cycle and induce apoptosis in GBM cells by suppressing CIP2A/PP2A/Akt signaling axis, which indicated that DMC could be an effective option for GBM treatment.
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Oh S, Lee JY, Choi I, Ogier A, Kwon DY, Jeong H, Son SJ, Kim Y, Kwon H, Park S, Kang H, Kong K, Ahn S, Nehrbass U, Kim MJ, Song R. Discovery of 4H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives as senescence inducers and their senescence-associated antiproliferative activities on cancer cells using advanced phenotypic assay. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 209:112550. [PMID: 33268144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Current research suggests therapy-induced senescence (TIS) of cancer cells characterized by distinct morphological and biochemical phenotypic changes represent a novel functional target that may enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapy. In order to identify novel small-molecule inducers of cellular senescence and determine the potential to be used for the treatment of melanoma, a new method of high-throughput screening (HTS) and high-contents screening (HCS) based on the detection of morphological changes was designed. This image-based and whole cell-based technology was applied to screen and select a novel class of antiproliferative agents on cancer cells, 4H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives, which induced senescence-like phenotypic changes in human melanoma A375 cells without serious cytotoxicity against normal cells. To evaluate structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of 4H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one scaffold starting from hit 3, a focused library containing diversely modified analogues was constructed and which led to the identification of 38, a novel compound to have remarkable anti-melanoma activity in vitro with good metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Oh
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Functional Morphometry-I, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Arnaud Ogier
- Cellular Differentiation and Toxicity Prediction, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Do Yoon Kwon
- Functional Morphometry-I, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Hangyeol Jeong
- Functional Morphometry-I, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Sook Jin Son
- Functional Morphometry-I, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Haejin Kwon
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Seijin Park
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Hwankyu Kang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Kwanghan Kong
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Sujin Ahn
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Ulf Nehrbass
- Functional Morphometry-I, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Myung Jin Kim
- Functional Morphometry-I, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea.
| | - Rita Song
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea.
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Denk S, Schmidt S, Schurr Y, Schwarz G, Schote F, Diefenbacher M, Armendariz C, Dejure F, Eilers M, Wiegering A. CIP2A regulates MYC translation (via its 5'UTR) in colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:911-918. [PMID: 33078202 PMCID: PMC8178152 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulated expression of MYC is a driver of colorectal carcinogenesis, suggesting that decreasing MYC expression may have significant therapeutic value. CIP2A is an oncogenic factor that regulates MYC expression. CIP2A is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), and its expression levels are an independent marker for long-term outcome of CRC. Previous studies suggested that CIP2A controls MYC protein expression on a post-transcriptional level. METHODS To determine the mechanism by which CIP2A regulates MYC in CRC, we dissected MYC translation and stability dependent on CIP2A in CRC cell lines. RESULTS Knockdown of CIP2A reduced MYC protein levels without influencing MYC stability in CRC cell lines. Interfering with proteasomal degradation of MYC by usage of FBXW7-deficient cells or treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 did not rescue the effect of CIP2A depletion on MYC protein levels. Whereas CIP2A knockdown had marginal influence on global protein synthesis, we could demonstrate that, by using different reporter constructs and cells expressing MYC mRNA with or without flanking UTR, CIP2A regulates MYC translation. This interaction is mainly conducted by the MYC 5'UTR. CONCLUSIONS Thus, instead of targeting MYC protein stability as reported for other tissue types before, CIP2A specifically regulates MYC mRNA translation in CRC but has only slight effects on global mRNA translation. In conclusion, we propose as novel mechanism that CIP2A regulates MYC on a translational level rather than affecting MYC protein stability in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Denk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S. Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Y. Schurr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - G. Schwarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F. Schote
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Diefenbacher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C. Armendariz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F. Dejure
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Eilers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Wiegering
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany ,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Khan MM, Välikangas T, Khan MH, Moulder R, Ullah U, Bhosale SD, Komsi E, Butt U, Qiao X, Westermarck J, Elo LL, Lahesmaa R. Protein interactome of the Cancerous Inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) in Th17 cells. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 1:10-22. [PMID: 33817627 PMCID: PMC8008788 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is involved in immune response, cancer progression, and Alzheimer's disease. However, an understanding of the mechanistic basis of its function in this wide spectrum of physiological and pathological processes is limited due to its poorly characterized interaction networks. Here we present the first systematic characterization of the CIP2A interactome by affinity-purification mass spectrometry combined with validation by selected reaction monitoring targeted mass spectrometry (SRM-MS) analysis in T helper (Th) 17 (Th17) cells. In addition to the known regulatory subunits of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), the catalytic subunits of protein PP2A were found to be interacting with CIP2A. Furthermore, the regulatory (PPP1R18, and PPP1R12A) and catalytic (PPP1CA) subunits of phosphatase PP1 were identified among the top novel CIP2A interactors. Evaluation of the ontologies associated with the proteins in this interactome revealed that they were linked with RNA metabolic processing and splicing, protein traffic, cytoskeleton regulation and ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation processes. Taken together, this network of protein-protein interactions will be important for understanding and further exploring the biological processes and mechanisms regulated by CIP2A both in physiological and pathological conditions. The first characterisation of the CIP2A interactome in Th17 cells. Key interactions validated by targeted SRM-MS proteomics, western blot and confocal microscopy. Pathway analysis of the interactome revealed interrelationships with proteins across a broad range of cellular processes. The study identifies for the first time the interaction of phosphatase PP1 with CIP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Moin Khan
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM), Medical Faculty, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tommi Välikangas
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Doctoral Programme in Mathematics and Computer Sciences (MATTI), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Meraj Hasan Khan
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Robert Moulder
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ubaid Ullah
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Santosh Dilip Bhosale
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM), Medical Faculty, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Komsi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Umar Butt
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Xi Qiao
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L. Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Corresponding author. Turku Bioscience Centre, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, 20520, Finland.
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Goguet-Rubio P, Amin P, Awal S, Vigneron S, Charrasse S, Mechali F, Labbé JC, Lorca T, Castro A. PP2A-B55 Holoenzyme Regulation and Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111586. [PMID: 33266510 PMCID: PMC7700614 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification essential for the control of the activity of most enzymes in the cell. This protein modification results from a fine-tuned balance between kinases and phosphatases. PP2A is one of the major serine/threonine phosphatases that is involved in the control of a myriad of different signaling cascades. This enzyme, often misregulated in cancer, is considered a tumor suppressor. In this review, we will focus on PP2A-B55, a particular holoenzyme of the family of the PP2A phosphatases whose specific role in cancer development and progression has only recently been highlighted. The discovery of the Greatwall (Gwl)/Arpp19-ENSA cascade, a new pathway specifically controlling PP2A-B55 activity, has been shown to be frequently altered in cancer. Herein, we will review the current knowledge about the mechanisms controlling the formation and the regulation of the activity of this phosphatase and its misregulation in cancer.
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36
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Morsczeck C. Effects of Cellular Senescence on Dental Follicle Cells. Pharmacology 2020; 106:137-142. [PMID: 32980839 DOI: 10.1159/000510014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dental follicle is part of the tooth germ, and isolated stem cells from this tissue (dental follicle cells; DFCs) are considered, for example, for regenerative medicine and immunotherapies. However somatic stem cells can also improve pharmaceutical research. Cell proliferation is limited by the induction of senescence, which, while reducing the therapeutic potential of DFCs for cell therapy, can also be used to study aging processes at the cellular level that can be used to test anti-aging pharmaceuticals. Unfortunately, very little is known about cellular senescence in DFCs. This review presents current knowledge about cellular senescence in DFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Morsczeck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,
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37
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The Premature Senescence in Breast Cancer Treatment Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071815. [PMID: 32640718 PMCID: PMC7408867 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a permanent blockade of cell proliferation. In response to therapy-induced stress, cancer cells undergo apoptosis or premature senescence. In apoptosis-resistant cancer cells or at lower doses of anticancer drugs, therapy-induced stress leads to premature senescence. The role of this senescence in cancer treatment is discussable. First of all, the senescent cells lose the ability to proliferate, migrate, and invade. In addition, the senescent cells secrete a set of proteins (inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors) known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which influences non-senescent normal cells and non-senescent cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment and triggers tumor promotion and recurrence. Recently, many studies have examined senescence induction through breast cancer therapy and potentially using this phenomenon to treat this cancer. This review summarizes the recent in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies investigating senescence in breast cancer treatments. Senescence inductors, senolytics, as well as their action mechanism are discussed herein. Potential SASP-modulating treatment strategies are also described.
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Pieles O, Reck A, Reichert TE, Morsczeck C. p53 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation but does not induce senescence in human dental follicle cells. Differentiation 2020; 114:20-26. [PMID: 32473528 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Replicative senescence causes a reduced osteogenic differentiation potential of senescent dental follicle cells (DFCs). The transcription factor p53 is often involved in the induction of cellular senescence, but little is known about its role in DFCs. This study examined for the first time the role of p53 compared to its pro-proliferative antagonist E2F-1 in terms of osteogenic differentiation potential and induction of senescence. Protein expression of E2F-1 decreased during cell aging, while p53 was expressed constitutively. Gene silencing of E2F1 (E2F-1) inhibited the proliferation rate of DFCs and increased the induction of cellular senescence. The induction of cellular senescence is regulated independently of the gene expression of TP53 (p53), since its gene expression depends on the expression of E2F1. Moreover, gene silencing of TP53 induced E2F1 gene expression and increased cell proliferation, but did not affect the rate of induction of cellular senescence. TP53 knockdown further induced the alkaline phosphatase and mineralization in DFCs. However, the simultaneous silencing of TP53 and E2F1 did not inhibit the inductive effect of TP53 knockdown on osteogenic differentiation, indicating that this effect is independent of E2F-1. In summary, our results suggest that p53 inhibits osteogenic differentiation and cell proliferation in senescent DFCs, but is not significantly involved in senescence induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pieles
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja Reck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Torsten E Reichert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Morsczeck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Correction: Senescence Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells Is Defined by Positive Feedback Loop between CIP2A and E2F1. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:746. [PMID: 32357970 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Kauko O, Imanishi SY, Kulesskiy E, Yetukuri L, Laajala TD, Sharma M, Pavic K, Aakula A, Rupp C, Jumppanen M, Haapaniemi P, Ruan L, Yadav B, Suni V, Varila T, Corthals GL, Reimand J, Wennerberg K, Aittokallio T, Westermarck J. Phosphoproteome and drug-response effects mediated by the three protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor proteins CIP2A, SET, and PME-1. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4194-4211. [PMID: 32071079 PMCID: PMC7105317 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) critically regulates cell signaling and is a human tumor suppressor. PP2A complexes are modulated by proteins such as cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), protein phosphatase methylesterase 1 (PME-1), and SET nuclear proto-oncogene (SET) that often are deregulated in cancers. However, how they impact cellular phosphorylation and how redundant they are in cellular regulation is poorly understood. Here, we conducted a systematic phosphoproteomics screen for phosphotargets modulated by siRNA-mediated depletion of CIP2A, PME-1, and SET (to reactivate PP2A) or the scaffolding A-subunit of PP2A (PPP2R1A) (to inhibit PP2A) in HeLa cells. We identified PP2A-modulated targets in diverse cellular pathways, including kinase signaling, cytoskeleton, RNA splicing, DNA repair, and nuclear lamina. The results indicate nonredundancy among CIP2A, PME-1, and SET in phosphotarget regulation. Notably, PP2A inhibition or reactivation affected largely distinct phosphopeptides, introducing a concept of nonoverlapping phosphatase inhibition- and activation-responsive sites (PIRS and PARS, respectively). This phenomenon is explained by the PPP2R1A inhibition impacting primarily dephosphorylated threonines, whereas PP2A reactivation results in dephosphorylation of clustered and acidophilic sites. Using comprehensive drug-sensitivity screening in PP2A-modulated cells to evaluate the functional impact of PP2A across diverse cellular pathways targeted by these drugs, we found that consistent with global phosphoproteome effects, PP2A modulations broadly affect responses to more than 200 drugs inhibiting a broad spectrum of cancer-relevant targets. These findings advance our understanding of the phosphoproteins, pharmacological responses, and cellular processes regulated by PP2A modulation and may enable the development of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Kauko
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland; TuBS and TuDMM Doctoral Programmes, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Susumu Y Imanishi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Evgeny Kulesskiy
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laxman Yetukuri
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Daniel Laajala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Mukund Sharma
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland; TuBS and TuDMM Doctoral Programmes, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Karolina Pavic
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Aakula
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Christian Rupp
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Jumppanen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Haapaniemi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Luyao Ruan
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Bhagwan Yadav
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veronika Suni
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Taru Varila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Garry L Corthals
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland.
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Khanna A, Thoms JAI, Stringer BW, Chung SA, Ensbey KS, Jue TR, Jahan Z, Subramanian S, Anande G, Shen H, Unnikrishnan A, McDonald KL, Day BW, Pimanda JE. Constitutive CHK1 Expression Drives a pSTAT3-CIP2A Circuit that Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Survival and Growth. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:709-722. [PMID: 32079743 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-constitutive activity of the DNA damage response protein checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) has been shown in glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines and in tissue sections. However, whether constitutive activation and overexpression of CHK1 in GBM plays a functional role in tumorigenesis or has prognostic significance is not known. We interrogated multiple glioma patient cohorts for expression levels of CHK1 and the oncogene cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), a known target of high-CHK1 activity, and examined the relationship between these two proteins in GBM. Expression levels of CHK1 and CIP2A were independent predictors for reduced overall survival across multiple glioma patient cohorts. Using siRNA and pharmacologic inhibitors we evaluated the impact of their depletion using both in vitro and in vivo models and sought a mechanistic explanation for high CIP2A in the presence of high-CHK1 levels in GBM and show that; (i) CHK1 and pSTAT3 positively regulate CIP2A gene expression; (ii) pSTAT3 and CIP2A form a recursively wired transcriptional circuit; and (iii) perturbing CIP2A expression induces GBM cell senescence and retards tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, we have identified an oncogenic transcriptional circuit in GBM that can be destabilized by targeting CIP2A. IMPLICATIONS: High expression of CIP2A in gliomas is maintained by a CHK1-dependent pSTAT3-CIP2A recursive loop; interrupting CIP2A induces cell senescence and slows GBM growth adding impetus to the development of CIP2A as an anticancer drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchit Khanna
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie A I Thoms
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett W Stringer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sylvia A Chung
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathleen S Ensbey
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Toni Rose Jue
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zeenat Jahan
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shruthi Subramanian
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Govardhan Anande
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Han Shen
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Ashwin Unnikrishnan
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerrie L McDonald
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bryan W Day
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John E Pimanda
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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42
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Mikuła-Pietrasik J, Niklas A, Uruski P, Tykarski A, Książek K. Mechanisms and significance of therapy-induced and spontaneous senescence of cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:213-229. [PMID: 31414165 PMCID: PMC6970957 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the well-recognized replicative and stress-induced premature senescence of normal somatic cells, mechanisms and clinical implications of senescence of cancer cells are still elusive and uncertain from patient-oriented perspective. Moreover, recent years provided multiple pieces of evidence that cancer cells may undergo senescence not only in response to chemotherapy or ionizing radiation (the so-called therapy-induced senescence) but also spontaneously, without any external insults. Since the molecular nature of the latter process is poorly recognized, the significance of spontaneously senescent cancer cells for tumor progression, therapy effectiveness, and patient survival is purely speculative. In this review, we summarize the most up-to-date research regarding therapy-induced and spontaneous senescence of cancer cells, by delineating the most important discoveries regarding the occurrence of these phenomena in vivo and in vitro. This review provides data collected from studies on various cancer cell models, and the narration is presented from the broader perspective of the most critical findings regarding the senescence of normal somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mikuła-Pietrasik
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Street, 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Niklas
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Street, 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Uruski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Street, 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Street, 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Książek
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Street, 61-848, Poznan, Poland.
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43
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Yin J, Chen D, Luo K, Lu M, Gu Y, Zeng S, Chen X, Song Y, Zhang Z, Zheng G, He Z, Liu H. Cip2a/miR-301a feedback loop promotes cell proliferation and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:5964-5974. [PMID: 31762806 PMCID: PMC6856592 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype and lacks effective targeted therapies. Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (Cip2a) is an oncogene that is known to inhibit PP2A tumor suppressor activity in human malignancies. We previously demonstrated that Cip2a is a novel target for the treatment of TNBC. However, the functional roles of Cip2a in TNBC progression are still not fully characterized. In this study, we identified that miR-301a is a novel target of Cip2a in TNBC cell lines by miRNA microarray analysis. We found that Cip2a increases E2F1 expression, which in turn transcriptional activates miR-301a by occupying the miR-301a host gene SKA2 promoter. Moreover, we found that miR-301a level is significantly increased in TNBC tissues, and up-regulation of miR-301a is responsible for Cip2a-induced cell proliferation and invasion of TNBC cells. Furthermore, miR-301a feedback promotes the expression of Cip2a via activation of ERK/CREB signaling. Together, our study suggests an auto-regulatory feedback loop between Cip2a and miR-301a and this auto-regulatory loop might play an important role in TNBC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Kai Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Minying Lu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Yixue Gu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Shanshan Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Xiangzhou Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Ying Song
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Guopei Zheng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Zhimin He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
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Kauko O, O'Connor CM, Kulesskiy E, Sangodkar J, Aakula A, Izadmehr S, Yetukuri L, Yadav B, Padzik A, Laajala TD, Haapaniemi P, Momeny M, Varila T, Ohlmeyer M, Aittokallio T, Wennerberg K, Narla G, Westermarck J. PP2A inhibition is a druggable MEK inhibitor resistance mechanism in KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/450/eaaq1093. [PMID: 30021885 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaq1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Kinase inhibitor resistance constitutes a major unresolved clinical challenge in cancer. Furthermore, the role of serine/threonine phosphatase deregulation as a potential cause for resistance to kinase inhibitors has not been thoroughly addressed. We characterize protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity as a global determinant of KRAS-mutant lung cancer cell resistance across a library of >200 kinase inhibitors. The results show that PP2A activity modulation alters cancer cell sensitivities to a large number of kinase inhibitors. Specifically, PP2A inhibition ablated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor response through the collateral activation of AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Combination of mTOR and MEK inhibitors induced cytotoxicity in PP2A-inhibited cells, but even this drug combination could not abrogate MYC up-regulation in PP2A-inhibited cells. Treatment with an orally bioavailable small-molecule activator of PP2A DT-061, in combination with the MEK inhibitor AZD6244, resulted in suppression of both p-AKT and MYC, as well as tumor regression in two KRAS-driven lung cancer mouse models. DT-061 therapy also abrogated MYC-driven tumorigenesis. These data demonstrate that PP2A deregulation drives MEK inhibitor resistance in KRAS-mutant cells. These results emphasize the need for better understanding of phosphatases as key modulators of cancer therapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Kauko
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.,TuBS and TuDMM Doctoral Programmes, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Caitlin M O'Connor
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
| | - Evgeny Kulesskiy
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaya Sangodkar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anna Aakula
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sudeh Izadmehr
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Laxman Yetukuri
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Bhagwan Yadav
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Artur Padzik
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Daniel Laajala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Haapaniemi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Majid Momeny
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Taru Varila
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Michael Ohlmeyer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Goutham Narla
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland. .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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45
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Janik K, Treda C, Wlodarczyk A, Peciak J, Rosiak K, Zieba J, Grot D, Rutkowska A, Pawlowska R, Och W, Rieske P, Stoczynska-Fidelus E. A way to understand idiopathic senescence and apoptosis in primary glioblastoma cells - possible approaches to circumvent these phenomena. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:923. [PMID: 31521143 PMCID: PMC6744717 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GB) is considered one of the most lethal tumors. Extensive research at the molecular level may enable to gain more profound insight into its biology and thus, facilitate development and testing of new therapeutic approaches. Unfortunately, stable glioblastoma cell lines do not reflect highly heterogeneous nature of this tumor, while its primary cultures are difficult to maintain in vitro. We previously reported that senescence is one of the major mechanisms responsible for primary GB cells stabilization failure, to a lesser extent accompanied by apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe-related cell death. Methods We made an attempt to circumvent difficulties with glioblastoma primary cultures by testing 3 different approaches aimed to prolong their in vitro maintenance, on a model of 10 patient-derived tumor specimens. Results Two out of ten analyzed GB specimens were successfully stabilized, regardless of culture approach applied. Importantly, cells transduced with immortalizing factors or cultured in neural stem cell-like conditions were still undergoing senescence/apoptosis. Sequential in vivo/in vitro cultivation turned out to be the most effective, however, it only enabled to propagate cells with preserved molecular profile up to 3rd mice transfer. Nevertheless, it was the only method that impeded these phenomena long enough to provide sufficient amount of material for in vitro/in vivo targeted analyses. Interestingly, our data additionally demonstrated that some subpopulations of several stabilized GB cell lines undergo idiopathic senescence, however, it is counterbalanced by simultaneous proliferation of other cell subpopulations. Conclusions In the majority of primary glioma cultures, there has to be an imbalance towards apoptosis and senescence, following few weeks of rapid proliferation. Our results indicate that it has to be associated with the mechanisms other than maintenance of glioblastoma stem cells or dependence on proteins controlling cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Janik
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Chair of Medical Biology, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Treda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Chair of Medical Biology, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Wlodarczyk
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Chair of Medical Biology, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Peciak
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Chair of Medical Biology, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Rosiak
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Chair of Medical Biology, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Zieba
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Chair of Medical Biology, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dagmara Grot
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Chair of Medical Biology, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adrianna Rutkowska
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Chair of Medical Biology, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Roza Pawlowska
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Waldemar Och
- Clinical Department of Neurosurgery, The Voivodal Specialistic Hospital in Olsztyn, Zolnierska 18, 10-561, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Chair of Medical Biology, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stoczynska-Fidelus
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Chair of Medical Biology, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland. .,Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193, Lodz, Poland.
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Lee JJ, Park IH, Rhee WJ, Kim HS, Shin JS. HMGB1 modulates the balance between senescence and apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress. FASEB J 2019; 33:10942-10953. [PMID: 31284735 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900288r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is involved in various diseases and is associated with the resistance of many types of human cancers to chemotherapy; however, its role in cancer metastasis remains unexplored. This study examined the HMGB1 status of both highly and poorly metastatic cancer cells in response to genotoxic stress. The weakly and highly metastatic mouse melanoma cell lines (B16 vs. B16-F10), human melanoma cell lines (SK-MEL-28 vs. SK-MEL-24), colon cancer cell lines (DLD-1 vs. LS174T), and wild-type (WT) vs. HMGB1 knockout (KO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were treated with doxorubicin (Dox) and camptothecin (CPT), and then cellular morphology, senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, lactate dehydrogenase release, and caspase-3 activation were used to assess cell fate. To investigate the role of HMGB1 in p21 expression, HMGB1 and p21 expressions were examined by Western blotting, and the HMGB1-mediated p21 promoter luciferase assay was performed after small interfering RNA or overexpression of HMGB1 prior to Dox treatment. Although highly metastatic mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells preferred senescence, with persistent HMGB1 expression, poorly metastatic B16 cells entered apoptosis, with decreasing HMGB1 levels via cleavage under Dox treatment. Similarly, more metastatic human melanoma SK-MEL-24 and human colon cancer LS174T cells underwent senescence, whereas fewer metastatic melanoma SK-MEL-28 and DLD-1 cells exhibited apoptosis under Dox stimulation. In senescent B16-F10, SK-MEL-24, and LS174T cells treated with Dox, p21 levels were increased by persistent HMGB1 expression. Furthermore, HMGB1 depletion caused a senescence-apoptosis shift with p21 down-regulation in B16-F10 cells, and HMGB1 overexpression switched from apoptosis to senescence concomitantly with increased p21 expression in B16 cells after Dox treatment. The same effects were observed in both cell pairs of mouse melanoma and human colon cancer cells treated with CPT, another genotoxic stressor. Indeed, although WT MEF entered senescence accompanied by p21 increase, HMGB1 KO underwent apoptosis with p21 decrease by Dox treatment. In our cell model system, we demonstrated that highly metastatic cancer cells preferentially enter senescence, whereas apoptosis predominates in weakly metastatic cancer cells under genotoxic stress, which depends on the presence or absence of HMGB1, suggesting that the HMGB1-p21 axis is required for genotoxic stress-induced senescence. These findings suggest that HMGB1 modulation of cancers with different metastatic status could be a strategy for selectively enforcing tumor suppression.-Lee, J.-J., Park, I. H., Rhee, W. J., Kim, H. S., Shin, J.-S. HMGB1 modulates the balance between senescence and apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Jung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Ho Park
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Joong Rhee
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Sue Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, South Korea
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Kim SH, Lee WH, Seong D, An JH, Je HU, Nam HY, Kim SY, Kim SW, Han MW. The role of CIP2A as a therapeutic target of rapamycin in radioresistant head and neck cancer with TP53 mutation. Head Neck 2019; 41:3362-3371. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Song Hee Kim
- Department of OtolaryngologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyeok Lee
- Department of OtolaryngologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Seong
- Department of OtolaryngologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee An
- Department of OtolaryngologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Uk Je
- Department of Radiation OncologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Yun Nam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of OtolaryngologyAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Woul Han
- Department of OtolaryngologyUlsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryLondon Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University London Ontario Canada
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48
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Elgenaidi IS, Spiers JP. Regulation of the phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A system and its modulation during oxidative stress: A potential therapeutic target? Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:68-89. [PMID: 30797822 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoprotein phosphatases are of growing interest in the pathophysiology of many diseases and are often the neglected partner of protein kinases. One family member, PP2A, accounts for dephosphorylation of ~55-70% of all serine/threonine phosphosites. Interestingly, dysregulation of kinase signalling is a hallmark of many diseases in which an increase in oxidative stress is also noted. With this in mind, we assess the evidence to support oxidative stress-mediated regulation of the PP2A system In this article, we first present an overview of the PP2A system before providing an analysis of the regulation of PP2A by endogenous inhibitors, post translational modification, and miRNA. Next, a detailed critique of data implicating reactive oxygen species, ischaemia, ischaemia-reperfusion, and hypoxia in regulating the PP2A holoenzyme and associated regulators is presented. Finally, the pharmacological targeting of PP2A, its endogenous inhibitors, and enzymes responsible for its post-translational modification are covered. There is extensive evidence that oxidative stress modulates multiple components of the PP2A system, however, most of the data pertains to the catalytic subunit of PP2A. Irrespective of the underlying aetiology, free radical-mediated attenuation of PP2A activity is an emerging theme. However, in many instances, a dichotomy exists, which requires clarification and mechanistic insight. Nevertheless, this raises the possibility that pharmacological activation of PP2A, either through small molecule activators of PP2A or CIP2A/SET antagonists may be beneficial in modulating the cellular response to oxidative stress. A better understanding of which, will have wide ranging implications for cancer, heart disease and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Elgenaidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - J P Spiers
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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Raman D, Pervaiz S. Redox inhibition of protein phosphatase PP2A: Potential implications in oncogenesis and its progression. Redox Biol 2019; 27:101105. [PMID: 30686777 PMCID: PMC6859563 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular processes are dictated by the active signaling of proteins relaying messages to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, signal transduction and cell communications. An intricate web of protein kinases and phosphatases are critical to the proper transmission of signals across such cascades. By governing 30–50% of all protein dephosphorylation in the cell, with prominent substrate proteins being key regulators of signaling cascades, the phosphatase PP2A has emerged as a celebrated player in various developmental and tumorigenic pathways, thereby posing as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in various pathologies wherein its activity is deregulated. This review is mainly focused on refreshing our understanding of the structural and functional complexity that cocoons the PP2A phosphatase, and its expression in cancers. Additionally, we focus on its physiological regulation as well as into recent advents and strategies that have shown promise in countering the deregulation of the phosphatase through its targeted reactivation. Finally, we dwell upon one of the key regulators of PP2A in cancer cells-cellular redox status-its multifarious nature, and its integration into the reactome of PP2A, highlighting some of the significant impacts that ROS can inflict on the structural modifications and functional aspect of PP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Raman
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Medical Science Cluster Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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50
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Shentu YP, Hu WT, Zhang Q, Huo Y, Liang JW, Liuyang ZY, Zhou H, Wei H, Ke D, Wang XC, Wang JZ, Man HY, Westermarck J, Liu R. CIP2A-promoted astrogliosis induces AD-like synaptic degeneration and cognitive deficits. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 75:198-208. [PMID: 30594047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis and early synaptic degeneration are 2 characteristic hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, but a direct link between the 2 events has not been established. Here, we show that cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), a cancerous protein with high expression level in astrocytes, is upregulated in patients with AD and 3xTg-AD transgenic mice. Overexpression of CIP2A in astrocytes through adeno-associated virus infection both in cultured cells and in mice brains results in activation of astrocytes, increased production of cytokines and Aβ, and synaptic degeneration indicated by decreased levels of synaptic proteins, spine loss, and impairment in long-term potentiation. As a result of synaptic degeneration, CIP2A overexpression in astrocytes in vivo induces significant deficits in visual episodic memory detected by novel objective recognition test and spatial memory detected by Morris water maze. We conclude that CIP2A-promoted astrogliosis induces synaptic degeneration and cognitive deficits in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ping Shentu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Ting Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuda Huo
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Jia-Wei Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liuyang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Ke
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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