1
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DoubleSG-DTA: Deep Learning for Drug Discovery: Case Study on the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with EGFRT790M Mutation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020675. [PMID: 36839996 PMCID: PMC9965659 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-targeted therapies are promising approaches to treating tumors, and research on receptor-ligand interactions for discovering high-affinity targeted drugs has been accelerating drug development. This study presents a mechanism-driven deep learning-based computational model to learn double drug sequences, protein sequences, and drug graphs to project drug-target affinities (DTAs), which was termed the DoubleSG-DTA. We deployed lightweight graph isomorphism networks to aggregate drug graph representations and discriminate between molecular structures, and stacked multilayer squeeze-and-excitation networks to selectively enhance spatial features of drug and protein sequences. What is more, cross-multi-head attentions were constructed to further model the non-covalent molecular docking behavior. The multiple cross-validation experimental evaluations on various datasets indicated that DoubleSG-DTA consistently outperformed all previously reported works. To showcase the value of DoubleSG-DTA, we applied it to generate promising hit compounds of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer harboring EGFRT790M mutation from natural products, which were consistent with reported laboratory studies. Afterward, we further investigated the interpretability of the graph-based "black box" model and highlighted the active structures that contributed the most. DoubleSG-DTA thus provides a powerful and interpretable framework that extrapolates for potential chemicals to modulate the systemic response to disease.
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2
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Li J, Dai P, Sun J, Yu W, Han W, Li K. FBP1 induced by β-elemene enhances the sensitivity of gefitinib in lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2022; 14:371-380. [PMID: 36525508 PMCID: PMC9891864 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-elemene is known to play a critical role in tumorigenesis as well as tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in lung cancer. However, the biological function and molecular mechanism remain largely unknown. METHODS In this study, the common genes involved in gefitinib resistance and β-elemene were identified using bioinformatic analysis. The expression of FBP1 was examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Cell proliferation, flow cytometry, clone formation and IC50 assays were performed to assess the effects of β-elemene and FBP1. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate apoptosis-related gene expression. Finally, in vivo experiments were conducted to assess the crucial role of FBP1 in gefitinib-resistant HCC827/GR cells in nude mice. RESULTS Screening analysis demonstrated that fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) was induced by β-elemene and downregulated in gefitinib-resistant lung cells. Functionally, overexpression of FBP1 inhibited proliferation and gefitinib resistance and promoted apoptosis of PC9/GR and HCC827/GR cells in vitro. Mechanistically, FBP1 impeded the nuclear translocation of p-STAT3. The FBP1/STAT3 axis was required for FBP1-mediated apoptosis-related gene expression. In vivo experiments further confirmed the enhanced effects of FBP1 on lung cancer cell sensitivity to gefitinib. CONCLUSION Our research indicated that β-elemene suppressed proliferation and enhanced sensitivity to gefitinib by inducing apoptosis through the FBP1/STAT3 axis in gefitinib-resistant lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of OncologyShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ping Dai
- Department of OncologyShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of OncologyShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wenyan Yu
- Department of OncologyShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Han
- Department of OncologyShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Kaichun Li
- Department of OncologyShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Majem M, Sullivan I, Viteri S, López-Vivanco G, Cobo M, Sánchez JM, García-González J, Garde J, Sampayo M, Martrat G, Malfettone A, Karachaliou N, Molina-Vila MA, Rosell R. First-line osimertinib in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer and with a coexisting low allelic fraction of Thr790Met. Eur J Cancer 2021; 159:174-181. [PMID: 34763195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The AZENT (NCT02841579) study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of first-line osimertinib in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutation-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and with a coexisting low allelic fraction of Thr790Met. METHODS In this multicentre, single-arm, open-label, phase IIa study, patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC harbouring centrally confirmedEGFR Thr790Met mutation received 80 mg osimertinib daily. The primary end-point was objective response rate (ORR). The secondary end-points included disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. Efficacy was assessed as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours, version 1.1. Blood samples collected at baseline, end of week 2 and disease progression were analysed using next-generation sequencing. As osimertinib was approved as a first-line therapy during the trial, this led to early termination of phase II; thus, analysis is considered exploratory. RESULTS Twenty-two patients were enrolled and received osimertinib. All 22 patients were included in the efficacy and safety analysis. At the data cutoff, 10 (50%) patients remained on treatment. The median duration of follow-up was 24.4 months (interquartile range 12.9 to 26.0). The ORR was 77.3% (17/22 [95% confidence interval {CI} 54.6 to 89.3]). The DCR was 86.4% (19/22, [95% CI 65.1 to 97.1]). The median PFS was 23.1 months (95% CI 14.1 to NE). The median OS was 28·4 months (95% CI 25.6 to NE). CONCLUSION Despite early study termination, osimertinib first-line therapy yields an overall PFS of 23.1 months in EGFR-mutant patients harbouring a coexisting low allelic fraction of EGFR Thr790Met mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Santiago Viteri
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Quiron-Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Cobo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Jorge García-González
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Garde
- Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain; Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MEDSIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sampayo
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MEDSIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Niki Karachaliou
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Hospital Universitario Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Rosell
- Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona, Spain.
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4
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Structure-based classification predicts drug response in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Nature 2021; 597:732-737. [PMID: 34526717 PMCID: PMC8481125 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations typically occur in exons 18–21 and are established driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)1–3. Targeted therapies are approved for patients with ‘classical’ mutations and a small number of other mutations4–6. However, effective therapies have not been identified for additional EGFR mutations. Furthermore, the frequency and effects of atypical EGFR mutations on drug sensitivity are unknown1,3,7–10. Here we characterize the mutational landscape in 16,715 patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC, and establish the structure–function relationship of EGFR mutations on drug sensitivity. We found that EGFR mutations can be separated into four distinct subgroups on the basis of sensitivity and structural changes that retrospectively predict patient outcomes following treatment with EGFR inhibitors better than traditional exon-based groups. Together, these data delineate a structure-based approach for defining functional groups of EGFR mutations that can effectively guide treatment and clinical trial choices for patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC and suggest that a structure–function-based approach may improve the prediction of drug sensitivity to targeted therapies in oncogenes with diverse mutations. Structural classification of mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor causing non-small cell lung cancer is a better predictor of patient outcomes following drug treatment than traditional exon-based classification.
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5
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Ren Z, Li Q, Shen Y, Meng L. Intrinsic relative preference profile of pan-kinase inhibitor drug staurosporine towards the clinically occurring gatekeeper mutations in Protein Tyrosine Kinases. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 94:107562. [PMID: 34428735 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) have been recognized as the attractive druggable targets of various diseases including cancer. However, many PTKs are clinically observed to establish a gatekeeper mutation in the peripheral hinge section of active site, which plays a primary role in development of acquired drug resistance to kinase inhibitors. The natural product Staurosporine, an ATP-competitive reversible pan-kinase inhibitor, has been found to exhibit wild type-sparing selectivity for some PTK gatekeeper mutants. In this study, totally 23 acquired drug-resistant gatekeeper mutations harbored on 17 PTKs involved in diverse cancers were curated, from which only five amino acid types, namely Thr, Met, Val, Leu and Ile, were observed at both wild-type and mutant residues of these clinically occurring gatekeeper sites. Here, an integrative strategy that combined molecular modeling and kinase assay was described to systematically investigate the relative preference of Staurosporine towards the five gatekeeper amino acid types in real kinase context and in a psendokinase model. A kinase-free, intrinsic relative preference profile of Staurosporine to gatekeeper amino acids was created: (dispreferred) Thr⊳Val⊳Ile⊳Leu⊳Met (preferred). It is found that kinase context has no essential effect on the profile; different kinases and even psendokinase can obtain a consistent conclusion for the preference order. Theoretically, we can use the profile to predict Staurosporine response to any gatekeeper mutation between the five amino acid types in any PTK. Structural and energetic analyses revealed that the multiple-aromatic ring system of Staurosporine can form multiple noncovalent interactions with the weakly polar side chain of Met and can pack tightly or moderately against the nonpolar side chains of Val, Ile and Leu, thus stabilizing the kinase-inhibitor system (ΔU < 0), whereas the polar side chain of Thr may cause unfavorable electronegative and solvent effects with the aromatic electrons of Staurosporine, thus destabilizing the system (ΔU > 0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yiwen Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ling Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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6
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Zhang D, Tang W, Weng S, Zhang N, Luo T, Shen X, Dong L. Integrated in silico‐in vitro analysis of systematic kinase gatekeeper mutation effects on pan‐kinase inhibitors in targeted liver cancer therapy. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Wenqing Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Shuqiang Weng
- Department of Gastroenterology Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Ningping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Tiancheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xizhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
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7
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Lin CY, Huang KY, Lin YC, Yang SC, Chung WC, Chang YL, Shih JY, Ho CC, Lin CA, Shih CC, Chang YH, Kao SH, Yang PC. Vorinostat combined with brigatinib overcomes acquired resistance in EGFR-C797S-mutated lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 508:76-91. [PMID: 33775711 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of a new generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has improved the treatment response in lung adenocarcinomas. However, acquired resistance often occurs due to new epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. In particular, the C797S mutation confers drug resistance to T790M-targeting EGFR TKIs. To address C797S resistance, a promising therapeutic avenue is combination therapy that targets both total EGFR and acquired mutations to increase drug efficacy. We showed that combining vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), with brigatinib, a TKI, enhanced antitumor effects in primary culture and cell lines of lung adenocarcinomas harboring EGFR L858R/T790M/C797S mutations (EGFR-3M). While EGFR phosphorylation was decreased by brigatinib, vorinostat reduced total EGFR-3M (L858R/T790M/C797S) proteins through STUB1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. STUB1 preferably ubiquitinated other EGFR mutants and facilitated protein turnover compared to EGFR-WT. The association between EGFR and STUB1 required the functional chaperone-binding domain of STUB1 and was further enhanced by vorinostat. Finally, STUB1 levels modulated EGFR downstream functions. Low STUB1 expression was associated with significantly poorer overall survival than high STUB1 expression in patients harboring mutant EGFR. Vorinostat combined with brigatinib significantly improved EGFR-TKI sensitivity to EGFR C797S by inducing EGFR-dependent cell death and may be a promising therapy in treating C797S-resistant lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yen Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shuenn-Chen Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chia Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Leong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-An Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsuan Chang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Kao
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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8
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Ding X, Tong C, Chen R, Wang X, Gao D, Zhu L. Systematic molecular profiling of inhibitor response to the clinical missense mutations of ErbB family kinases in human gastric cancer. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 96:107526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.107526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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He Y. Systematic response of staurosporine scaffold-based inhibitors to drug-resistant cancer kinase mutations. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e1900320. [PMID: 32285482 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human protein kinases have been established as promising druggable targets in cancer therapy. However, a large number of acquired drug-resistant kinase mutations are observed after first- and second-line kinase inhibitor treatments, largely limiting the application of small-molecule inhibitors in the targeted cancer therapy. Previously, the pan-kinase inhibitor staurosporine and its derivatives have been reported to selectively inhibit gatekeeper mutants over wild-type kinases, suggesting that the staurosporine scaffold is potentially helpful in developing wild-type-sparing inhibitors of drug-resistant kinase mutants. Here, a systematic response profile of 32 staurosporine scaffold-based inhibitors (SSBIs) for 61 ontology-enriched drug-resistant cancer kinase mutations is created using a combination of in silico analysis and in vitro assay, from which it is possible to identify those mutations that have the potential to cause resistance or confer sensitivity to SSBIs. The profile reveals that SSBIs exhibit distinct responses to kinase gatekeeper and nongatekeeper mutations, and SSBIs bearing p7 substituents can considerably influence their response to kinase gatekeeper mutations, particularly for the mutations of the Ile residue, which possesses a Cβ methyl group that tends to cause steric clash with bound SSBIs. Nongatekeeper mutations generally have a moderate and unfavorable effect on SSBI activity, as most of them are outside the kinase active site and do not directly contact inhibitor ligands. In addition, it is found that resistance is commonly caused by mutation-induced hindrance effects, whereas sensitivity is primarily conferred by mutation-established additional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taixing People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Taixing, China
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10
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Systematic profiling of staralog response to acquired drug resistant kinase gatekeeper mutations in targeted cancer therapy. Amino Acids 2020; 52:511-521. [PMID: 32206932 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Kinase-targeted therapy has been widely used as a lifesaving strategy for cancer patients. However, many patients treated with targeted cancer drugs are clinically observed to rapidly develop acquired resistance. Kinase gatekeeper mutation is one of the most chief factors contributing to the resistance, which modulates the accessibility of kinase's ATP-binding pocket. Previously, the pan-kinase inhibitor Staurosporine and its analogs (termed as Staralogs) have been reported to exhibit wild-type sparing selectivity for some kinase gatekeeper mutants, such as EGFR T790M, Her2 T798M and cSrc T338M. Here, we describe an integrative approach to systematically profile the molecular response of 15 representative Staralogs to 17 kinase gatekeeper mutations in targeted cancer therapy. With the profile we are able to divide gatekeeper mutations into three classes (i.e. classes I, II and III) and to divide Staralogs into two groups (i.e. groups 1 and 2) using heuristic clustering. The class I and II mutations confer consistent sensitivity and resistance for all Staralogs, respectively, while the class III mutations address divergent effects on different Staralogs. The mutations to Ile residue can generally reduce Staralog affinity by inducing unfavorable steric hindrance, whereas the mutations to Met and Leu residues would improve Staralog affinity by establishing favorable S···π interaction, van der Waals packing and/or hydrophobic contact. The group 1 and 2 Staralogs are primarily determined by carbonyl or hydroxyl substitution state at the position 7 of Staralog core, where points to kinase gatekeeper residue and can thus be directly influenced by gatekeeper mutation.
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11
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12
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Saraon P, Snider J, Kalaidzidis Y, Wybenga-Groot LE, Weiss K, Rai A, Radulovich N, Drecun L, Vučković N, Vučetić A, Wong V, Thériault B, Pham NA, Park JH, Datti A, Wang J, Pathmanathan S, Aboualizadeh F, Lyakisheva A, Yao Z, Wang Y, Joseph B, Aman A, Moran MF, Prakesch M, Poda G, Marcellus R, Uehling D, Samaržija M, Jakopović M, Tsao MS, Shepherd FA, Sacher A, Leighl N, Akhmanova A, Al-Awar R, Zerial M, Stagljar I. A drug discovery platform to identify compounds that inhibit EGFR triple mutants. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:577-586. [PMID: 32094923 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are transmembrane receptors of great clinical interest due to their role in disease. Historically, therapeutics targeting RTKs have been identified using in vitro kinase assays. Due to frequent development of drug resistance, however, there is a need to identify more diverse compounds that inhibit mutated but not wild-type RTKs. Here, we describe MaMTH-DS (mammalian membrane two-hybrid drug screening), a live-cell platform for high-throughput identification of small molecules targeting functional protein-protein interactions of RTKs. We applied MaMTH-DS to an oncogenic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant resistant to the latest generation of clinically approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We identified four mutant-specific compounds, including two that would not have been detected by conventional in vitro kinase assays. One of these targets mutant EGFR via a new mechanism of action, distinct from classical TKI inhibition. Our results demonstrate how MaMTH-DS is a powerful complement to traditional drug screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Saraon
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie Snider
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yannis Kalaidzidis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Konstantin Weiss
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ankit Rai
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nikolina Radulovich
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luka Drecun
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nika Vučković
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adriana Vučetić
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Wong
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brigitte Thériault
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nhu-An Pham
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jin H Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandro Datti
- Network Biology Collaborative Centre, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jenny Wang
- Network Biology Collaborative Centre, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shivanthy Pathmanathan
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Anna Lyakisheva
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhong Yao
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Babu Joseph
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael F Moran
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Prakesch
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gennady Poda
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Marcellus
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Uehling
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miroslav Samaržija
- Department for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Jakopović
- Department for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances A Shepherd
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Sacher
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rima Al-Awar
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia.
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13
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Palve V, Liao Y, Remsing Rix LL, Rix U. Turning liabilities into opportunities: Off-target based drug repurposing in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 68:209-229. [PMID: 32044472 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drugs and precision medicine have transformed the landscape of cancer therapy and significantly improved patient outcomes in many cases. However, as therapies are becoming more and more tailored to smaller patient populations and acquired resistance is limiting the duration of clinical responses, there is an ever increasing demand for new drugs, which is not easily met considering steadily rising drug attrition rates and development costs. Considering these challenges drug repurposing is an attractive complementary approach to traditional drug discovery that can satisfy some of these needs. This is facilitated by the fact that most targeted drugs, despite their implicit connotation, are not singularly specific, but rather display a wide spectrum of target selectivity. Importantly, some of the unintended drug "off-targets" are known anticancer targets in their own right. Others are becoming recognized as such in the process of elucidating off-target mechanisms that in fact are responsible for a drug's anticancer activity, thereby revealing potentially new cancer vulnerabilities. Harnessing such beneficial off-target effects can therefore lead to novel and promising precision medicine approaches. Here, we will discuss experimental and computational methods that are employed to specifically develop single target and network-based off-target repurposing strategies, for instance with drug combinations or polypharmacology drugs. By illustrating concrete examples that have led to clinical translation we will furthermore examine the various scientific and non-scientific factors that cumulatively determine the success of these efforts and thus can inform the future development of new and potentially lifesaving off-target based drug repurposing strategies for cancers that constitute important unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Palve
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Lily L Remsing Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Uwe Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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14
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Chintha C, Carlesso A, Gorman AM, Samali A, Eriksson LA. Molecular modeling provides a structural basis for PERK inhibitor selectivity towards RIPK1. RSC Adv 2020; 10:367-375. [PMID: 35558862 PMCID: PMC9092956 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08047c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular modelling explains the lack of selectivity for inhibitors GSK2606414 and GSK2656157, as compared to inhibitor AMG44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Chintha
- Apoptosis Research Centre
- National University of Ireland Galway
- Galway
- Ireland
| | - Antonio Carlesso
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology
- University of Gothenburg
- 405 30 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Adrienne M. Gorman
- Apoptosis Research Centre
- National University of Ireland Galway
- Galway
- Ireland
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre
- National University of Ireland Galway
- Galway
- Ireland
| | - Leif A. Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology
- University of Gothenburg
- 405 30 Göteborg
- Sweden
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15
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Niggenaber J, Hardick J, Lategahn J, Rauh D. Structure Defines Function: Clinically Relevant Mutations in ErbB Kinases. J Med Chem 2019; 63:40-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Niggenaber
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, (Germany)
- Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD) am Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
| | - Julia Hardick
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, (Germany)
- Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD) am Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
| | - Jonas Lategahn
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, (Germany)
- Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD) am Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, (Germany)
- Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD) am Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
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16
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Formisano L, Jansen VM, Marciano R, Bianco R. From Biology to Therapy: Improvements of Therapeutic Options in Lung Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 18:1235-1240. [PMID: 28901258 DOI: 10.2174/1871520617666170912123416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality around the world, despite effective chemotherapeutic agents, the prognosis has remained poor for a long time. The discovery of molecular changes that drive lung cancer has led to a dramatic shift in the therapeutic landscape of this disease. In "in vitro" and "in vivo" models of NSCLC (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer), angiogenesis blockade has demonstrated an excellent anti-tumor activity, thus, a number of anti-angiogenic drugs have been approved by regulatory authorities for use in clinical practice. Much more interesting is the discovery of EGFR (Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor) mutations that predict sensitivity to the anti-EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs), a class of drugs that has shown to significantly improve survival when compared with standard chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of metastatic NSCLC. Nevertheless, after an initial response, resistance often occurs and prognosis becomes dismal. Biomolecular studies on cell line models have led to the discovery of mutations (e.g., T790M) that confer resistance to anti-EGFR inhibitors. Fortunately, drugs that are able to circumvent this mechanism of resistance have been developed and have been recently approved for clinical use. The discovery of robust intratumor lymphocyte infiltration in NSCLC has paved the way to several strategies able to restore the immune response. Thus, agents interfering with PD-1/PD-L1 (Programmed Death) pathways make up a significant portion of the armamentarium of cancer therapies for NSCLC. In all the above-mentioned situations, the basis of the success in treating NSCLC has started from understanding of the mutational landscape of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Formisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Italy
| | - Valerie M Jansen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Roberta Marciano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Bianco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Italy
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17
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Tanoli Z, Alam Z, Ianevski A, Wennerberg K, Vähä-Koskela M, Aittokallio T. Interactive visual analysis of drug–target interaction networks using Drug Target Profiler, with applications to precision medicine and drug repurposing. Brief Bioinform 2018; 21:211-220. [PMID: 30566623 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bby119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the full target space of drugs (or drug-like compounds) provides important insights into the potential therapeutic use of the agents to modulate or avoid their various on- and off-targets in drug discovery and precision medicine. However, there is a lack of consolidated databases and associated data exploration tools that allow for systematic profiling of drug target-binding potencies of both approved and investigational agents using a network-centric approach. We recently initiated a community-driven platform, Drug Target Commons (DTC), which is an open-data crowdsourcing platform designed to improve the management, reproducibility and extended use of compound-target bioactivity data for drug discovery and repurposing, as well as target identification applications. In this work, we demonstrate an integrated use of the rich bioactivity data from DTC and related drug databases using Drug Target Profiler (DTP), an open-source software and web tool for interactive exploration of drug-target interaction networks. DTP was designed for network-centric modeling of mode-of-action of multi-targeting anticancer compounds, especially for precision oncology applications. DTP enables users to construct an interaction network based on integrated bioactivity data across selected chemical compounds and their protein targets, further customizable using various visualization and filtering options, as well as cross-links to several drug and protein databases to provide comprehensive information of the network nodes and interactions. We demonstrate here the operation of the DTP tool and its unique features by several use cases related to both drug discovery and drug repurposing applications, using examples of anticancer drugs with shared target profiles. DTP is freely accessible at http://drugtargetprofiler.fimm.fi/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaurrehman Tanoli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zaid Alam
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksandr Ianevski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Markus Vähä-Koskela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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18
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Ctortecka C, Palve V, Kuenzi BM, Fang B, Sumi NJ, Izumi V, Novakova S, Kinose F, Remsing Rix LL, Haura EB, Koomen JM, Rix U. Functional Proteomics and Deep Network Interrogation Reveal a Complex Mechanism of Action of Midostaurin in Lung Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2434-2447. [PMID: 30217950 PMCID: PMC6283294 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is associated with high prevalence and mortality, and despite significant successes with targeted drugs in genomically defined subsets of lung cancer and immunotherapy, the majority of patients currently does not benefit from these therapies. Through a targeted drug screen, we found the recently approved multi-kinase inhibitor midostaurin to have potent activity in several lung cancer cells independent of its intended target, PKC, or a specific genomic marker. To determine the underlying mechanism of action we applied a layered functional proteomics approach and a new data integration method. Using chemical proteomics, we identified multiple midostaurin kinase targets in these cells. Network-based integration of these targets with quantitative tyrosine and global phosphoproteomics data using protein-protein interactions from the STRING database suggested multiple targets are relevant for the mode of action of midostaurin. Subsequent functional validation using RNA interference and selective small molecule probes showed that simultaneous inhibition of TBK1, PDPK1 and AURKA was required to elicit midostaurin's cellular effects. Immunoblot analysis of downstream signaling nodes showed that combined inhibition of these targets altered PI3K/AKT and cell cycle signaling pathways that in part converged on PLK1. Furthermore, rational combination of midostaurin with the potent PLK1 inhibitor BI2536 elicited strong synergy. Our results demonstrate that combination of complementary functional proteomics approaches and subsequent network-based data integration can reveal novel insight into the complex mode of action of multi-kinase inhibitors, actionable targets for drug discovery and cancer vulnerabilities. Finally, we illustrate how this knowledge can be used for the rational design of synergistic drug combinations with high potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ctortecka
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Vinayak Palve
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Brent M Kuenzi
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612; Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Natalia J Sumi
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612; Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Victoria Izumi
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Silvia Novakova
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Fumi Kinose
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Lily L Remsing Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - John Matthew Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Uwe Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612.
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19
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Janosik T, Rannug A, Rannug U, Wahlström N, Slätt J, Bergman J. Chemistry and Properties of Indolocarbazoles. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9058-9128. [PMID: 30191712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The indolocarbazoles are an important class of nitrogen heterocycles which has evolved significantly in recent years, with numerous studies focusing on their diverse biological effects, or targeting new materials with potential applications in organic electronics. This review aims at providing a broad survey of the chemistry and properties of indolocarbazoles from an interdisciplinary point of view, with particular emphasis on practical synthetic aspects, as well as certain topics which have not been previously accounted for in detail, such as the occurrence, formation, biological activities, and metabolism of indolo[3,2- b]carbazoles. The literature of the past decade forms the basis of the text, which is further supplemented with older key references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janosik
- Research Institutes of Sweden , Bioscience and Materials, RISE Surface, Process and Formulation , SE-151 36 Södertälje , Sweden
| | - Agneta Rannug
- Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ulf Rannug
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute , Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Johnny Slätt
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jan Bergman
- Karolinska Institutet , Department of Biosciences and Nutrition , SE-141 83 Huddinge , Sweden
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20
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Fishing wild-type sparing inhibitors of proto-oncogene c-met variants in renal cell carcinoma from a curated tyrosine kinase inhibitor pool using analog-sensitive kinase technology. Biochimie 2018; 152:188-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Hu J, Zhang H, Cao M, Wang L, Wu S, Fang B. Auranofin Enhances Ibrutinib's Anticancer Activity in EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2156-2163. [PMID: 30065099 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that ibrutinib has anticancer activity in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). One of our recent studies showed that auranofin, a gold complex that has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and promoted apoptosis in some NSCLC cells. Because the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is one of the major downstream pathways of EGFR, we hypothesized that ibrutinib's activity might be enhanced by combination therapy with auranofin in NSCLC cells. To this end, we examined ibrutinib's dose responses in EGFR-mutant H1975, PC9, and H1650 cells and in EGFR wild-type Calu3 and H460 cells in the presence or absence of auranofin. Although low concentrations of auranofin alone demonstrated mild anticancer activities, its presence dramatically enhanced ibrutinib's activity in H1975, PC9, and H1650 cells (IC50 value reduced 10- to 100-fold), but had only mild effect on Calu3 and H460 cells, demonstrating that ibrutinib's anti-EGFR activity is enhanced when it is combined with auranofin. A mechanistic analysis revealed that ibrutinib alone induced dramatic inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway in both H1975 and H1650 cells, whereas auranofin alone inhibited the AKT/mTOR pathway. The combination of ibrutinib and auranofin led to a dramatically enhanced inhibition of the expression or phosphorylation of multiple key nodes in the AKT/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways in both cell lines. In mice, the combination of ibrutinib and auranofin significantly suppressed the growth of H1975 xenografted tumors without inducing obvious toxic effects. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of improving ibrutinib's anti-EGFR activity for NSCLC using combination therapy with auranofin. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(10); 2156-63. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- The 4th Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. .,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- The 4th Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengru Cao
- The 4th Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shuhong Wu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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22
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Zhao Y, Jiao Y, Sun F, Liu X. Revisiting the molecular mechanism of acquired resistance to reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors caused by EGFR gatekeeper T790M mutation in non-small-cell lung cancer. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Parsons AT, Kubryk M, Hedley SJ, Thiel OR, Bauer D, Potter-Racine MS, Lin Z. An Improved Process for the Preparation of a Covalent Kinase Inhibitor through a C–N Bond-Forming S NAr Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Xiao Y, Yin C, Wang Y, Lv H, Wang W, Huang Y, Perez-Losada J, Snijders AM, Mao JH, Zhang P. FBXW7 deletion contributes to lung tumor development and confers resistance to gefitinib therapy. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:883-895. [PMID: 29633504 PMCID: PMC5983212 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI), is an effective treatment for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR activating mutations, but inevitably, the clinical efficacy is impeded by the emergence of acquired resistance. The tumor suppressor gene FBXW7 modulates chemosensitivity in various human cancers. However, its role in EGFR‐TKI therapy in NSCLC has not been well studied. Here, we demonstrate that the mice with deficient Fbxw7 have greater susceptibility to urethane‐induced lung tumor development. Through analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data, we show that deletion of FBXW7 occurs in 30.9% of lung adenocarcinomas and 63.5% of lung squamous cell carcinomas, which significantly leads to decrease in FBXW7 mRNA expression. The reduction in FBXW7 mRNA level is associated with poor overall survival in lung cancer patients. FBXW7 knockdown dramatically promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion in NSCLC cells. Moreover, with silenced FBXW7, EGFR‐TKI‐sensitive cells become resistant to gefitinib, which is reversed by the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, rapamycin. Furthermore, xenograft mouse model studies show that FBXW7 knockdown enhances tumorigenesis and resistance to gefitinib. Combination of gefitinib with rapamycin treatment suppresses tumor formation of gefitinib‐resistant (GR) FBXW7‐knockdown cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that loss of FBXW7 promotes NSCLC progression as well as gefitinib resistance and combination of gefitinib and rapamycin may provide an effective therapy for GR NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chunli Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanlin Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yurong Huang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA, USA
| | - Jesus Perez-Losada
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Instituto Mixto Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antoine M Snijders
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA, USA
| | - Pengju Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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25
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Tomasello C, Baldessari C, Napolitano M, Orsi G, Grizzi G, Bertolini F, Barbieri F, Cascinu S. Resistance to EGFR inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: Clinical management and future perspectives. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 123:149-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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26
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Lu X, Yu L, Zhang Z, Ren X, Smaill JB, Ding K. Targeting EGFRL858R/T790Mand EGFRL858R/T790M/C797Sresistance mutations in NSCLC: Current developments in medicinal chemistry. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1550-1581. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Lu
- School of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Lei Yu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaomei Ren
- School of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jeff B. Smaill
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Ke Ding
- School of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
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27
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Singh M, Jadhav HR. Targeting non-small cell lung cancer with small-molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2017; 23:745-753. [PMID: 29031620 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib, show excellent clinical efficacy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations, including Exon 19 deletion and single-point substitution, and L858R of exon 21. The reason for the reduction in effectiveness of these EGFR TKIs is the T790M gatekeeper mutation in the ATP-binding pocket of Exon 20, which increases the affinity of EGFR for ATP. Newer EGFR TKIs, such as afatinib, osimertinib, rociletinib, EGF816 and ASP8273, selectively target T790M mutants, sparing wild-type EGFR. EGFR TKIs have fewer adverse effects than chemotherapy and also improve progression-free survival. Combination therapy of EGFR TKIs with anti-EGFR antibodies is recommended for overcoming the problem of resistance to some extent. This review could help medicinal chemists to design novel EGFR TKIs against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahaveer Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, 302017 Rajasthan, India.
| | - Hemant R Jadhav
- Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani-333031, Rajasthan, India.
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28
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Song X, Qi X, Wang Q, Zhu W, Li J. A novel multi-target inhibitor harboring selectivity of inhibiting EGFR T790M sparing wild-type EGFR. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1884-1898. [PMID: 28979811 PMCID: PMC5622223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is driven by a variety of deregulated kinases and the development of multi-target inhibitor for multiple signaling pathways or multiple steps is required. Here, we reported that ZWM026, an indolocarbazoles analogue, derived from mangrove in coastal marine wetland, exhibited selectivity and reversibility against T790M mutant over wild-type EGFR in naturally occurring NSCLC cells and constructed NIH-3T3 cells. It simultaneously inhibited activities of HER2, HER3, HER4 and RET but was different from current multi-target kinase inhibitors. There was no activity in protein kinase C (PKC) family which is generally recognized as molecule target of indolocarbazoles. ZWM026 had more potent activities against gefitinib sensitizing, non-sensitizing and rare EGFR mutant NSCLC cells and constructed NIH-3T3 cells. ZWM026 induced apoptosis and exerted a synergistic effect by combining with cisplatin in NCI-H1975 cells. In summary, we identified a novel reversible multi-target inhibitor which could serve as a promising lead compound of drug development for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for NationalitiesWuhan, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, P. R. China
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Structural pharmacological studies on EGFR T790M/C797S. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:266-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wang YW, Zhang HY, Li JS, Wang XW. Integrated Exploitation of the Structural Diversity Space of Chemotherapy Drugs to Selectively Inhibit HER2 T798M Mutant in Lung Cancer. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 27696725 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy; Cancer Center; Qilu Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan 250012 P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University; Jinan 250021 P. R. China
| | - Ji-Sheng Li
- Department of Chemotherapy; Cancer Center; Qilu Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan 250012 P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy; Cancer Center; Qilu Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan 250012 P. R. China
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Passaro A, Guerini-Rocco E, Pochesci A, Vacirca D, Spitaleri G, Catania CM, Rappa A, Barberis M, de Marinis F. Targeting EGFR T790M mutation in NSCLC: From biology to evaluation and treatment. Pharmacol Res 2017; 117:406-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lamera E, Bouacida S, Le Borgne M, Bouaziz Z, Bouraiou A. Sequential MCR/Fisher indolization strategy for the construction of polycyclic carbazole derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Song X, Liu X, Ding X. Staurosporine scaffold-based rational discovery of the wild-type sparing reversible inhibitors of EGFR T790M gatekeeper mutant in lung cancer with analog-sensitive kinase technology. J Mol Recognit 2016; 30. [PMID: 27891677 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been established as an attractive target for lung cancer therapy. However, an acquired EGFR T790M gatekeeper mutation is frequently observed in patients treated with first-line anticancer agents such as gefitinib and erlotinib to cause drug resistance, largely limiting the application of small-molecule kinase inhibitors in EGFR-targeted chemotherapy. Previously, the reversible pan-kinase inhibitor staurosporine and its several analogs such as Gö6976 and K252a have been reported to selectively inhibit the EGFR T790M mutant (EGFRT790M ) over wild-type kinase (EGFRWT ), suggesting that the staurosporine scaffold is potentially to develop the wild-type sparing reversible inhibitors of EGFRT790M . Here, we systematically evaluated the inhibitor response of 28 staurosporine scaffold-based compounds to EGFR T790M mutation at structural, energetic, and molecular levels by using an integrated in silico-in vitro analog-sensitive (AS) kinase technology. With the strategy, we were able to identify 4 novel wild-type sparing inhibitors UCN-01, UCN-02, AFN941, and SB-218078 with high or moderate selectivity of 30-, 45-, 5-, and 8-fold for EGFRT790M over EGFRWT , respectively, which are comparable with or even better than that of the parent compound staurosporine (24-fold). Molecular modeling and structural analysis revealed that van der Waals contacts and hydrophobic forces can form between the side chain of mutated residue Met790 and the pyrrolidinone moiety of inhibitor ligand UCN-02, which may simultaneously improve the favorable interaction energy between the kinase and inhibitor, and reduce the unfavorable desolvation penalty upon the kinase-inhibitor binding. A hydroxyl group of UCN-02 additional to staurosporine locates at the pyrrolidinone moiety, which can largely alter the electronic distribution of pyrrolidinone moiety and thus promote the intermolecular interaction with Met790 residue. This can well explain the measured higher selectivity of UCN-02 than staurosporine for mutant over wild-type kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Dongtai, China
| | - Xingcai Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Dongtai, China
| | - Xi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Dongtai, China
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Rosell R, Karachaliou N. Implications of Blood-Based T790M Genotyping and Beyond in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mutant Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:3361-2. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.68.3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rosell
- Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona; and Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute, Badalona; and University Hospital Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
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Systematic profiling of chemotherapeutic drug response to EGFR gatekeeper mutation in non-small cell lung cancer. Comput Biol Chem 2016; 64:126-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Non-Invasive Methods to Monitor Mechanisms of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Where Do We Stand? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071186. [PMID: 27455248 PMCID: PMC4964555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of resistance mechanisms represents an important problem for the targeted therapy of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The best-known resistance mechanism induced during treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is EGFR T790M mutation for which specific drugs are have been developed. However, other molecular alterations have also been reported as induced resistance mechanisms to EGFR-TKIs. Similarly, there is growing evidence of acquired resistance mechanisms to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-TKI treatment. A better understanding of these acquired resistance mechanisms is essential in clinical practice as patients could be treated with specific drugs that are active against the induced alterations. The use of free circulating tumor nucleic acids or circulating tumor cells (CTCs) enables resistance mechanisms to be characterized in a non-invasive manner and reduces the need for tumor re-biopsy. This review discusses the main resistance mechanisms to TKIs and provides a comprehensive overview of innovative strategies to evaluate known resistance mechanisms in free circulating nucleic acids or CTCs and potential future orientations for these non-invasive approaches.
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Strategies to overcome acquired resistances conferred by mutations in the kinase domain of EGFR. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:853-78. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of EGFR is involved in the development of many cancers. The inhibition of EGFR kinase activity has been clinically validated as a promising approach for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, all NSCLC patients who initially benefited from first-generation EGFR inhibitors eventually develop drug resistance. A point mutation at the gatekeeper position, T790M in EGFR kinase domain accounts for more than 50% of acquired resistance. Therefore, second- and third-generation EGFR inhibitors have been developed to overcome the resistance conferred by the gatekeeper mutation. This review has highlighted recent advances in overcoming acquired resistance for the development of each generation of EGFR inhibitors along with their potential issues, and urgent quest for the development of new generation of EGFR inhibitors.
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Leung ELH, Fan XX, Wong MP, Jiang ZH, Liu ZQ, Yao XJ, Lu LL, Zhou YL, Yau LF, Tin VPC, Liu L. Targeting Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Inducing Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Degradation via Methionine 790 Oxidation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:263-79. [PMID: 26528827 PMCID: PMC4753639 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutation, but TKI resistance is common. Almost half of the acquired resistance patients are due to additional T790M mutation on EGFR (EGFR(T790M)), thus overcoming TKI resistance is important. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in TKI resistance as well as the molecular and biological effects of EGFR(T790M) after redox manipulation. RESULTS The basal ROS levels in EGFR(T790M)-containing TKI-resistant NSCLC cell lines were substantially high. Sixty-three human lung tumors showed higher NADPH oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2) expression than normal lung tissues, which may contribute to high basal ROS in cancer and poor survival. Interestingly, only NOX3 was upregulated by sanguinarine, a pharmacological agent to elevate ROS, and resulted in EGFR overoxidation, degradation, and apoptosis. By contrast, such responses were lacking in EGFR(WT) cells. Selective EGFR(T790M) degradation was manipulated by redox imbalance between NOX3 and methionine reductase A (MsrA). Furthermore, the in vivo tumor suppression effect of sanguinarine, NOX3 upregulation, and EGFR degradation were confirmed. INNOVATION We have found a new treatment strategy to overcome TKI resistance by selectively inducing EGFR(T790M) degradation via specific stimulation of methionine 790 (M790) oxidation. It can be achieved via manipulating redox imbalance between NOX3 and MsrA. CONCLUSION Targeting EGFR by elevating ROS and redox imbalance is a potential new strategy to develop a new EGFR inhibitor for TKI-resistant patients with a wide therapeutic window between EGFR(T790M) and EGFR(WT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau (SAR), China
| | - Xing-Xing Fan
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau (SAR), China
| | - Maria Pik Wong
- 2 Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau (SAR), China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- 3 International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau (SAR), China
| | - Lin-Lin Lu
- 3 International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau (SAR), China
| | - Li-Fong Yau
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau (SAR), China
| | - Vicky Pui-Chi Tin
- 2 Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Liang Liu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau (SAR), China
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Huang S, Peter Rodemann H, Harari PM. Molecular Targeting of Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Radiation Oncology. Recent Results Cancer Res 2016; 198:45-87. [PMID: 27318681 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-49651-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has been shown to activate and interact with multiple growth factor receptor pathways that can influence tumor response to therapy. Among these receptor interactions, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been the most extensively studied with mature clinical applications during the last decade. The combination of radiation and EGFR-targeting agents using either monoclonal antibody (mAb) or small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) offers a promising approach to improve tumor control compared to radiation alone. Several underlying mechanisms have been identified that contribute to improved anti-tumor capacity after combined treatment. These include effects on cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, tumor cell repopulation, DNA damage/repair, and impact on tumor vasculature. However, as with virtually all cancer drugs, patients who initially respond to EGFR-targeted agents may eventually develop resistance and manifest cancer progression. Several potential mechanisms of resistance have been identified including mutations in EGFR and downstream signaling molecules, and activation of alternative member-bound tyrosine kinase receptors that bypass the inhibition of EGFR signaling. Several strategies to overcome the resistance are currently being explored in preclinical and clinical models, including agents that target the EGFR T790 M resistance mutation or target multiple EGFR family members, as well as agents that target other receptor tyrosine kinase and downstream signaling sites. In this chapter, we focus primarily on the interaction of radiation with anti-EGFR therapies to summarize this promising approach and highlight newly developing opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyhmin Huang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue K4/336 CSC, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, WIMR 3136, 1111 Highland Ave Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - H Peter Rodemann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue K4/336 CSC, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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Galvani E, Sun J, Leon LG, Sciarrillo R, Narayan RS, Tjin Tham Sjin R, Lee K, Ohashi K, Heideman DA, Alfieri RR, Heynen GJ, Bernards R, Smit EF, Pao W, Peters GJ, Giovannetti E. NF-κB drives acquired resistance to a novel mutant-selective EGFR inhibitor. Oncotarget 2015; 6:42717-32. [PMID: 26015408 PMCID: PMC4767465 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring activating EGFR mutations is limited by the emergence of acquired resistance, mostly ascribed to the secondary EGFR-T790M mutation. Selective EGFR-T790M inhibitors have been proposed as a new, extremely relevant therapeutic approach. Here, we demonstrate that the novel irreversible EGFR-TKI CNX-2006, a structural analog of CO-1686, currently tested in a phase-1/2 trial, is active against in vitro and in vivo NSCLC models expressing mutant EGFR, with minimal effect on the wild-type receptor. By integration of genetic and functional analyses in isogenic cell pairs we provide evidence of the crucial role played by NF-κB1 in driving CNX-2006 acquired resistance and show that NF-κB activation may replace the oncogenic EGFR signaling in NSCLC when effective and persistent inhibition of the target is achieved in the presence of the T790M mutation. In this context, we demonstrate that the sole, either genetic or pharmacologic, inhibition of NF-κB is sufficient to reduce the viability of cells that adapted to EGFR-TKIs. Overall, our findings support the rational inhibition of members of the NF-κB pathway as a promising therapeutic option for patients who progress after treatment with novel mutant-selective EGFR-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Galvani
- Department Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jing Sun
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leticia G. Leon
- Instituto de Tecnologias Biomedicas, Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rocco Sciarrillo
- Department Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ravi S. Narayan
- Department Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kwangho Lee
- Celgene Avilomics Research, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Kadoaki Ohashi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Roberta R. Alfieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Guus J. Heynen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert F. Smit
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William Pao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Godefridus J. Peters
- Department Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, DIPINT, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Gerber DE, Gandhi L, Costa DB. Management and future directions in non-small cell lung cancer with known activating mutations. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2015:e353-65. [PMID: 24857124 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2014.34.e353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer accounts for a quarter of all cancer deaths. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is currently segregated by the presence of actionable driver oncogenes. This review will provide an overview of molecular subsets of lung cancer, including descriptions of the defining oncogenes (EGFR, ALK, KRAS, ROS1, RET, BRAF, ERBB2, NTRK1, FGFR, among others) and how these predict for response to small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that are either clinically available or in clinical trial development for advanced NSCLC. Particular focus will be placed on subsets with EGFR mutated and ALK rearranged NSCLC. Somatic TKI-sensitizing EGFR mutations (such as exon 19 deletions and L858R substitutions) are the most robust predictive biomarker for symptom improvement, radiographic response, and increment in progression-free survival (PFS) when EGFR TKIs (gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib) are used for patients with advanced NSCLC. However, the palliative benefits that EGFR TKIs afford are limited by multiple biologic mechanisms of tumor adaptation/resistance (such as the EGFR-T790M mutation and oncogene bypass tracks), and future efforts toward delaying, preventing, and treating resistance are underway. Similar to EGFR mutations, ALK rearrangements exemplify an oncogene-driven NSCLC that can be effectively palliated with a precision TKI therapy (the multitargeted ALK/MET/ROS1 TKI crizotinib). When resistance to first-line crizotinib therapy occurs, multiple second generation ALK TKIs have demonstrated impressive rates of disease control in clinical trials, and these may modify long-term outcomes for patients with ALK-positive NSCLC. The development of TKIs for other oncogene-driven NSCLCs may expand the portfolio of precision therapies for this recalcitrant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Gerber
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Section, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leena Gandhi
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Section, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel B Costa
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Section, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Nishiya N, Sakamoto Y, Oku Y, Nonaka T, Uehara Y. JAK3 inhibitor VI is a mutant specific inhibitor for epidermal growth factor receptor with the gatekeeper mutation T790M. World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:409-418. [PMID: 26629323 PMCID: PMC4657120 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i4.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify non-quinazoline kinase inhibitors effective against drug resistant mutants of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
METHODS: A kinase inhibitor library was subjected to screening for specific inhibition pertaining to the in vitro kinase activation of EGFR with the gatekeeper mutation T790M, which is resistant to small molecular weight tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for EGFR in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). This inhibitory effect was confirmed by measuring autophosphorylation of EGFR T790M/L858R in NCI-H1975 cells, an NSCLC cell line harboring the gatekeeper mutation. The effects of a candidate compound, Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) inhibitor VI, on cell proliferation were evaluated using the MTT assay and were compared between T790M-positive and -negative lung cancer cell lines. JAK3 inhibitor VI was modeled into the ATP-binding pocket of EGFR T790M/L858R. Potential physical interactions between the compound and kinase domains of wild-type (WT) or mutant EGFRs or JAK3 were estimated by calculating binding energy. The gatekeeper residues of EGFRs and JAKs were aligned to discuss the similarities among EGFR T790M and JAKs.
RESULTS: We found that JAK3 inhibitor VI, a known inhibitor for JAK3 tyrosine kinase, selectively inhibits EGFR T790M/L858R, but has weaker inhibitory effects on the WT EGFR in vitro. JAK3 inhibitor VI also specifically reduced autophosphorylation of EGFR T790M/L858R in NCI-H1975 cells upon EGF stimulation, but did not show the inhibitory effect on WT EGFR in A431 cells. Furthermore, JAK3 inhibitor VI suppressed the proliferation of NCI-H1975 cells, but showed limited inhibitory effects on the WT EGFR-expressing cell lines A431 and A549. A docking simulation between JAK3 inhibitor VI and the ATP-binding pocket of EGFR T790M/L858R predicted a potential binding status with hydrogen bonds. Estimated binding energy of JAK3 inhibitor VI to EGFR T790M/L858R was more stable than its binding energy to the WT EGFR. Amino acid sequence alignments revealed that the gatekeeper residues of JAK family kinases are methionine in WT, similar to EGFR T790M, suggesting that TKIs for JAKs may also be effective for EGFR T790M.
CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that JAK3 inhibitor VI is a gatekeeper mutant selective TKI and offer a strategy to search for new EGFR T790M inhibitors.
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Heald R, Bowman KK, Bryan MC, Burdick D, Chan B, Chan E, Chen Y, Clausen S, Dominguez-Fernandez B, Eigenbrot C, Elliott R, Hanan EJ, Jackson P, Knight J, La H, Lainchbury M, Malek S, Mann S, Merchant M, Mortara K, Purkey H, Schaefer G, Schmidt S, Seward E, Sideris S, Shao L, Wang S, Yeap K, Yen I, Yu C, Heffron TP. Noncovalent Mutant Selective Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors: A Lead Optimization Case Study. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8877-95. [PMID: 26455919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because of their increased activity against activating mutants, first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitors have had remarkable success in treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, but acquired resistance, through a secondary mutation of the gatekeeper residue, means that clinical responses only last for 8-14 months. Addressing this unmet medical need requires agents that can target both of the most common double mutants: T790M/L858R (TMLR) and T790M/del(746-750) (TMdel). Herein we describe how a noncovalent double mutant selective lead compound was optimized using a strategy focused on the structure-guided increase in potency without added lipophilicity or reduction of three-dimensional character. Following successive rounds of design and synthesis it was discovered that cis-fluoro substitution on 4-hydroxy- and 4-methoxypiperidinyl groups provided synergistic, substantial, and specific potency gain through direct interaction with the enzyme and/or effects on the proximal ligand oxygen atom. Further development of the fluorohydroxypiperidine series resulted in the identification of a pair of diastereomers that showed 50-fold enzyme and cell based selectivity for T790M mutants over wild-type EGFR (wtEGFR) in vitro and pathway knock-down in an in vivo xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Heald
- Argenta, Early Discovery Charles River , 7/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Belen Dominguez-Fernandez
- Argenta, Early Discovery Charles River , 7/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard Elliott
- Argenta, Early Discovery Charles River , 7/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | | | - Philip Jackson
- Argenta, Early Discovery Charles River , 7/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Knight
- Argenta, Early Discovery Charles River , 7/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael Lainchbury
- Argenta, Early Discovery Charles River , 7/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sam Mann
- Argenta, Early Discovery Charles River , 7/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eileen Seward
- Argenta, Early Discovery Charles River , 7/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Kuen Yeap
- Argenta, Early Discovery Charles River , 7/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
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44
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Wurz RP, Pettus LH, Ashton K, Brown J, Chen JJ, Herberich B, Hong FT, Hu-Harrington E, Nguyen T, St. Jean DJ, Tadesse S, Bauer D, Kubryk M, Zhan J, Cooke K, Mitchell P, Andrews KL, Hsieh F, Hickman D, Kalyanaraman N, Wu T, Reid DL, Lobenhofer EK, Andrews DA, Everds N, Guzman R, Parsons AT, Hedley SJ, Tedrow J, Thiel OR, Potter M, Radinsky R, Beltran PJ, Tasker AS. Oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as Covalent L858R/T790M Mutant Selective Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:987-92. [PMID: 26396685 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the threonine(790)-methionine(790) (T790M) point mutation of EGFR kinase is one of the leading causes of acquired resistance to the first generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib. Herein, we describe the optimization of a series of 7-oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl-derived irreversible inhibitors of EGFR kinase. This led to the discovery of compound 24 which potently inhibits gefitinib-resistant EGFR(L858R,T790M) with 100-fold selectivity over wild-type EGFR. Compound 24 displays strong antiproliferative activity against the H1975 nonsmall cell lung cancer cell line, the first line mutant HCC827 cell line, and promising antitumor activity in an EGFR(L858R,T790M) driven H1975 xenograft model sparing the side effects associated with the inhibition of wild-type EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Wurz
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Liping H. Pettus
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Kate Ashton
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - James Brown
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Jian Jeffrey Chen
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Brad Herberich
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Fang-Tsao Hong
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Essa Hu-Harrington
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Tom Nguyen
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - David J. St. Jean
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Seifu Tadesse
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - David Bauer
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Michele Kubryk
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Jinghui Zhan
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Keegan Cooke
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Petia Mitchell
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Kristin L. Andrews
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Faye Hsieh
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Dean Hickman
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Nataraj Kalyanaraman
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Tian Wu
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Darren L. Reid
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Edward K. Lobenhofer
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Dina A. Andrews
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Nancy Everds
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Roberto Guzman
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Andrew T. Parsons
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Simon J. Hedley
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Jason Tedrow
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Oliver R. Thiel
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Matthew Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Robert Radinsky
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Pedro J. Beltran
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
| | - Andrew S. Tasker
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Oncology Research, §Molecular Structure, ∥Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ⊥Oral Delivery − Product and Process Development, ○Discovery Toxicology, #Pathology, ▽Chemical Process R&D, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry, +Chemical Process R&D, ∞Analytical R&D, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1011, United States
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45
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Abstract
Carbazoles represent an important class of heterocycles. These have been reported to exhibit diverse biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antiepileptic, antihistaminic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrhoeal, analgesic, neuroprotective and pancreatic lipase inhibition properties. A series of carbazole derivatives such as N-substituted carbazoles, benzocarbazoles, furocarbazoles, pyrrolocarbazoles, indolocarbazoles, imidazocarbazoles, etc. have been synthesized. The N-substituted derivatives have gained the attention of researchers due to their therapeutic potential against neurological disorders and cell proliferation. Herein an attempt is made to review the medicinal importance of recently synthesized N-substituted carbazoles.
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46
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EGFR inhibitor and chemotherapy combinations for acquired TKI resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC models. Med Oncol 2015; 32:205. [PMID: 26081015 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs is the most important limiting factor for treatment efficiency in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Although the continuation of EGFR TKI beyond disease progression in combination with chemotherapy is often suggested as a strategy for treating acquired resistance, the optimal treatment sequence for EGFR TKI and chemotherapy is unknown. In the current work, NSCLC cell lines PC9ER, H1975 and HCC827GR, representing the acquired TKI resistance genotypes (T790M, cMET), were exposed to a chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin or paclitaxel, in combination with EGFR TKIs (erlotinib, WZ4002) in vitro and analysed for cytotoxicity and apoptotic response. The result showed that all the combinations of EGFR TKIs with a chemotherapeutic agent tested had a synergistic effect on cytotoxicity and increased the apoptotic response. The sequences involving a chemotherapeutic agent concurrently with an EGFR TKI or preceding it were the most efficient strategies. Our in vitro models suggest that the combination of an EGFR TKI and chemotherapy is beneficial in cases of acquired EGFR TKI resistance. Furthermore, the sequence of chemotherapy followed by EGFR TKI is significantly more powerful than the reversed order, so that an intercalated approach is likely to be the most active strategy in clinical use and ought to be tested in a randomized clinical trial.
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47
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Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a heterogeneous class of tumours, represents approximately 85% of all new lung cancer diagnoses. Tobacco smoking remains the main risk factor for developing this disease, but radon exposure and air pollution also have a role. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage disease owing to inadequate screening programmes and late onset of clinical symptoms; consequently, patients have a very poor prognosis. Several diagnostic approaches can be used for NSCLC, including X-ray, CT and PET imaging, and histological examination of tumour biopsies. Accurate staging of the cancer is required to determine the optimal management strategy, which includes surgery, radiochemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted approaches with anti-angiogenic monoclonal antibodies or tyrosine kinase inhibitors if tumours harbour oncogene mutations. Several of these driver mutations have been identified (for example, in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)), and therapy continues to advance to tackle acquired resistance problems. Also, palliative care has a central role in patient management and greatly improves quality of life. For an illustrated summary of this Primer, visit: http://go.nature.com/rWYFgg.
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48
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Juchum M, Günther M, Laufer SA. Fighting cancer drug resistance: Opportunities and challenges for mutation-specific EGFR inhibitors. Drug Resist Updat 2015; 20:12-28. [PMID: 26021435 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple mutations in the EGFR gene are a major cause for the failure of Erlotinib and Gefitinib in the treatment of patients harboring non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who initially responded to this therapy. The development of these tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is going back to the early 90s, where cancer was widely considered and fully treated as a disease of an organ. Fundamental gain of knowledge in cell biology in general and cancer genetics in particular led us to where we currently stand: cancer is a disease that originates in the genome. Fast and affordable gene sequencing paved the way and opened our eyes for the genetic instability of many cancers, particularly EGFR driven NSCLC. This might allow highly rational and personal therapies by aiming at a very particular wild type and mutant kinase pattern. However, the paradigm "one disease - one target - one drug" is currently challenged. Both activating and deactivating EGFR mutations are known to render the development of novel targeted drugs difficult. Among all lung adenocarcinomas, only 20% are driven by EGFR and only a subpopulation has an activating mutation (e.g. L858R), making them sensitive to first generation EGFR inhibitors. Unfortunately, most of them acquire second deactivating mutations (e.g. T790M) during treatment, leading to a complete loss of response. Are specific inhibitors of the double EGFR mutant L858R/T790M the magic bullet? Much scientific evidence but also high expectations justify this approach. Structural biology of EGFR mutants constitutes the basis for highly rational approaches. Second generation pan EGFR inhibitors inhibiting wild type (WT) and mutant EGFR like Afatinib suffer from dose-limiting adverse effects. Inhibition of WT EGFR is considered to be the culprit. Third generation EGFR inhibitors follow two strategies. Mutant selectivity and improved target residential time. These inhibitors display high mutant selectivity and irreversible binding patterns while sparing WT EGFR activity, hence enhancing tumor selectivity while minimizing adverse effects. Third generation EGFR inhibitors are still undergoing preclinical and clinical evaluation. The most advanced are Rociletinib and AZD9291 which displayed encouraging preliminary clinical phase II data regarding response and adverse effects. In the current review we show both a medicinal chemists' approach toward the design of third generation EGFR inhibitors as well as a detailed overview of the development of EGFR inhibitors over the last decade. High interdisciplinary approaches, such as structural biology and time-resolved tumor genetics pave the way toward the development of drugs that target EGFR mutants. This might lead to highly effective targeted and personalized therapies with enhanced response rates for a minor cohort of patients which have to undergo continuous gene sequencing, hence enabling therapies with tailor-made TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Juchum
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Günther
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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49
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Niederst MJ, Hu H, Mulvey HE, Lockerman EL, Garcia AR, Piotrowska Z, Sequist LV, Engelman JA. The Allelic Context of the C797S Mutation Acquired upon Treatment with Third-Generation EGFR Inhibitors Impacts Sensitivity to Subsequent Treatment Strategies. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3924-33. [PMID: 25964297 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A secondary EGFR mutation, T790M, is the most common resistance mechanism in EGFR-mutant adenocarcinomas that have progressed on erlotinib. Third-generation EGFR inhibitors capable of inhibiting mutant EGFR with T790M produce responses in nearly two thirds of patients. However, acquired resistance mechanisms in patients treated with these drugs are yet to be described. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To study acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR inhibitors, T790M-positive cells derived from an erlotinib-resistant cancer were made resistant to a third-generation TKI and then characterized using cell and molecular analyses. RESULTS Cells resistant to a third-generation TKI acquired an additional EGFR mutation, C797S, which prevented suppression of EGFR. Our results demonstrate that the allelic context in which C797S was acquired may predict responsiveness to alternative treatments. If the C797S and T790M mutations are in trans, cells will be resistant to third-generation EGFR TKIs, but will be sensitive to a combination of first- and third-generation TKIs. If the mutations are in cis, no EGFR TKIs alone or in combination can suppress activity. If C797S develops in cells wild-type for T790 (when third-generation TKIs are administered in the first-line setting), the cells are resistant to third-generation TKIs, but retain sensitivity to first-generation TKIs. CONCLUSIONS Mutation of C797S in EGFR is a novel mechanism of acquired resistance to third-generation TKIs. The context in which the C797S develops with respect to the other EGFR alleles affects the efficacy of subsequent treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Niederst
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haichuan Hu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hillary E Mulvey
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth L Lockerman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Angel R Garcia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zofia Piotrowska
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Engelman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Alexander PB, Wang XF. Resistance to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Front Med 2015; 9:134-8. [PMID: 25957263 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-015-0396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major factor that limits the efficacy of targeted cancer therapies. In this review, we discuss the main known mechanisms of resistance to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which are the most prevalent class of targeted therapeutic agent in current clinical use. Here we focus on bypass track resistance, which involves the activation of alternate signaling molecules by tumor cells to bypass inhibition and maintain signaling output, and consider the problems of signaling pathway redundancy and how the activation of different receptor tyrosine kinases translates into intracellular signal transduction in different cancer types. This information is presented in the context of research strategies for the discovery of new targets for pharmacological intervention, with the goal of overcoming resistance in order to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Alexander
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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