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Ruan R, Li L, Li X, Huang C, Zhang Z, Zhong H, Zeng S, Shi Q, Xia Y, Zeng Q, Wen Q, Chen J, Dai X, Xiong J, Xiang X, Lei W, Deng J. Unleashing the potential of combining FGFR inhibitor and immune checkpoint blockade for FGF/FGFR signaling in tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:60. [PMID: 36966334 PMCID: PMC10039534 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) play a crucial role in cell fate and angiogenesis, with dysregulation of the signaling axis driving tumorigenesis. Therefore, many studies have targeted FGF/FGFR signaling for cancer therapy and several FGFR inhibitors have promising results in different tumors but treatment efficiency may still be improved. The clinical use of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has resulted in sustained remission for patients. MAIN: Although there is limited data linking FGFR inhibitors and immunotherapy, preclinical research suggest that FGF/FGFR signaling is involved in regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) including immune cells, vasculogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This raises the possibility that ICB in combination with FGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (FGFR-TKIs) may be feasible for treatment option for patients with dysregulated FGF/FGFR signaling. CONCLUSION Here, we review the role of FGF/FGFR signaling in TME regulation and the potential mechanisms of FGFR-TKI in combination with ICB. In addition, we review clinical data surrounding ICB alone or in combination with FGFR-TKI for the treatment of FGFR-dysregulated tumors, highlighting that FGFR inhibitors may sensitize the response to ICB by impacting various stages of the "cancer-immune cycle".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Ruan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Chunye Huang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Zhanmin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Hongguang Zhong
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Shaocheng Zeng
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Qinru Zeng
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Qin Wen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
| | - Wan Lei
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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2
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Tuerxun N, Wang J, Qin YT, Zhao F, Wang H, Qu JH, Uddin MN, Hao JP. Identification of key genes and miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks associated with bone marrow immune microenvironment regulations in multiple myeloma by integrative bioinformatics analysis. Hematology 2022; 27:506-517. [PMID: 35536760 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2068873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes in the bone marrow microenvironment have been involved with the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). However, the exploration of miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in MM remains lacking. We used GSE125363, GSE125361, GSE47552, GSE2658, GSE136324, GSE16558, and GSE13591 datasets for this bioinformatics study. We identified 156 downregulated and 13 upregulated differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) in MM. The DEmiRs are associated with the enrichment of pathways mainly involved with cancers, cellular signaling, and immune regulations. We identified 112 hub genes associated with five significant clusters in MM. Moreover, we identified 9 upregulated hub genes (such as IGF1, RPS28, UBA52, CDKN1A, and CDKN2A) and 52 downregulated hub genes (such as TP53, PCNA, BRCA1, CCNB1, and MSH2) in MM that is targeted by DEmiRs. The expression of DEmiRs targeted two hub genes (CDKN2A and TP53) are correlated with the survival prognosis of MM patients. Furthermore, the expression level of CDKN2A is correlated with immune signatures, including CD4+ Regulatory T cells, T cell exhaustion, MHC Class I, immune checkpoint genes, macrophages, neutrophils, and TH2 cells in the TME of MM. Finally, we revealed the consistently deregulated expression level of key gene CDKN2A and its co-regulatory DEmiRs, including hsa-mir-192, hsa-mir-10b, hsa-mir-492, and hsa-mir-24 in the independent cohorts of MM. Identifying key genes and miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks may provide new molecular insights into the tumor immune microenvironment in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niluopaer Tuerxun
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Qin
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Qu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Nazim Uddin
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Hao
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
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3
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Janakiram M, Arora N, Bachanova V, Miller JS. Novel Cell and Immune Engagers in Optimizing Tumor- Specific Immunity Post-Autologous Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma. Transplant Cell Ther 2021; 28:61-69. [PMID: 34634499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is an important component of treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). The post-ASCT setting offers a unique opportunity to increase myeloma specific immunity through enhancement of T and NK cell responses. The vast array of therapeutics being developed for MM, including cell-based therapies, dendritic vaccines, bispecific antibodies, and IL-15 agonists, provide the opportunity to increase tumor-specific immunity. Maintenance therapies, including immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and daratumumab, exhibit a significant anti-myeloma response by modulating the immune system. Lenalidomide promotes an antitumoral immune microenvironment, whereas daratumumab can potentially cause NK cell fratricide. Thus, understanding the effects of commonly used maintenance drugs on the immune system is important. In this review, we look at current and emerging therapeutics and their integration post-ASCT in the context of immune reconstitution to improve clinical responses in patients with MM. © 2021 American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Janakiram
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Nivedita Arora
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Veronika Bachanova
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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4
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Błach J, Wojas-Krawczyk K, Nicoś M, Krawczyk P. Failure of Immunotherapy-The Molecular and Immunological Origin of Immunotherapy Resistance in Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9030. [PMID: 34445735 PMCID: PMC8396490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have a huge impact on clinical treatment results in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Blocking antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) or CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T cell antigen 4) have been developed and approved for the treatment of NSCLC patients. However, a large number of patients develop resistance to this type of treatment. Primary and secondary immunotherapy resistance are distinguished. No solid biomarkers are available that are appropriate to predict the unique sensitivity to immunotherapy. Knowledge of predictive markers involved in treatment resistance is fundamental for planning of new treatment combinations. Scientists focused research on the use of immunotherapy as an essential treatment in combination with other therapy strategies, which could increase cancer immunogenicity by generating tumor cells death and new antigen release as well as by targeting other immune checkpoints and tumor microenvironment. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of molecular bases underlying immunotherapy resistance and discuss the capabilities and the reason of different therapeutic combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Błach
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, W. Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Children Hospital of Cracow, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Kamila Wojas-Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczeswskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (K.W.-K.); (M.N.); (P.K.)
| | - Marcin Nicoś
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczeswskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (K.W.-K.); (M.N.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczeswskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (K.W.-K.); (M.N.); (P.K.)
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5
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Frąk M, Krawczyk P, Kalinka E, Milanowski J. Molecular and Clinical Premises for the Combination Therapy Consisting of Radiochemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1222. [PMID: 33799560 PMCID: PMC8000833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignancies around the world. Due to the advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis, most patients require systemic treatment. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoints inhibitors is becoming the main treatment method for many cancers, including NSCLC. Numerous studies have shown greater efficacy of immunotherapy used monoclonal antibodies anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) or anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab and durvalumab) compared to chemotherapy. Unfortunately, cancer cells can develop a number of mechanisms to escape from immune surveillance, including avoidance of cancer cells by the immune system (immune desert), production of immunosuppressive compounds (prostaglandins, IDO, TGF-beta), or direct immune checkpoints interactions. Therapy based on the use of radiochemotherapy with subsequent immunotherapy is becoming the main focus of research in the field of new NSCLC therapies. Radiation therapy stimulates the immune response multidirectionally, affects production of neoantigens and proinflammatory compounds, which transform non-immunogenic ("cold") tumors into highly immunogenic ("hot") tumors. As a result, the mechanisms of escape of cancer cells from immune surveillance break down and the effectiveness of immunotherapy increases significantly. The results of clinical trials in this area bring new hope and indicate greater effectiveness of such treatment in terms of prolongation of progression-free survival and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Frąk
- Chair and Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Chair and Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Ewa Kalinka
- Department of Oncology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute in Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Milanowski
- Chair and Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (J.M.)
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6
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Ahn R, Ursini-Siegel J. Clinical Potential of Kinase Inhibitors in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052608. [PMID: 33807608 PMCID: PMC7961781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic kinases contribute to immunosuppression and modulate the tumor microenvironment in solid tumors. Increasing evidence supports the fundamental role of oncogenic kinase signaling networks in coordinating immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. This has led to numerous studies examining the efficacy of kinase inhibitors in inducing anti-tumor immune responses by increasing tumor immunogenicity. Kinase inhibitors are the second most common FDA-approved group of drugs that are deployed for cancer treatment. With few exceptions, they inevitably lead to intrinsic and/or acquired resistance, particularly in patients with metastatic disease when used as a monotherapy. On the other hand, cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, have revolutionized cancer treatment for malignancies such as melanoma and lung cancer. However, key hurdles remain to successfully incorporate such therapies in the treatment of other solid cancers. Here, we review the recent literature on oncogenic kinases that regulate tumor immunogenicity, immune suppression, and anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, we discuss current efforts in clinical trials that combine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat breast cancer and other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhjin Ahn
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Josie Ursini-Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, 546 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, QC H2W 1S6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +514-340-8222 (ext. 26557); Fax: +514-340-7502
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7
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Arbelaez CA, Estrada J, Gessner MA, Glaus C, Morales AB, Mohn D, Phee H, Lipford JR, Johnston JA. A nanoparticle vaccine that targets neoantigen peptides to lymphoid tissues elicits robust antitumor T cell responses. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:106. [PMID: 33298945 PMCID: PMC7661730 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines using synthetic long peptides (SLP) targeting tumor antigens have been tested in the clinic but the outcomes have been unimpressive, perhaps because these peptides elicit predominantly CD4+ T cell responses. We hypothesized that enhanced delivery of peptide antigens to, and uptake in, secondary lymphoid tissues should elicit more robust CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses and improved anti-tumor responses. Here, we have designed SLP-containing cationic lipoplexes (SLP–Lpx) that improve delivery of peptides to myeloid cells in the spleen and lymphatics. Using the G12D KRAS mutations as neoantigens, we found that vaccination of mice with naked synthetic peptides harboring the G12D mutation with CpG adjuvant stimulated mainly CD4+ T cell responses with limited tumor growth inhibition. On the other hand, immunization with SLP–Lpx stimulated both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and suppressed tumor growth in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner. Combination of the SLP–Lpx vaccines with a checkpoint inhibitor led to profound growth suppression of established tumors. These studies suggest that preferential targeting of peptides derived from neoantigens to the spleen via lipoplexes elicits potent CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses that inhibit tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Arbelaez
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Juan Estrada
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Melissa A Gessner
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Translational Medicine, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Charles Glaus
- Department of Research Imaging Sciences, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Agnieszka B Morales
- Department of Research Imaging Sciences, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Deanna Mohn
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Hyewon Phee
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - J Russell Lipford
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - James A Johnston
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA.
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8
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Xiao WJ, Xu FJ, Zhang X, Zhou SX, Zhang HL, Dai B, Zhu Y, Shi GH, Shen YJ, Zhu YP, Qu YY, Zhao JY, Ye DW. The Prognostic Value of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 in a Chinese Cohort With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:879. [PMID: 31824835 PMCID: PMC6886562 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between tumor PD-L1 expression and patient survival to determine whether PD-L1 represents an independent prognostic feature for patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients and Methods: The tissue bank of the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center was queried to identity tissue samples of patients treated with radical nephrectomy, for non-metastatic sporadic clear cell RCC (ccRCC) between 2008 and 2015. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect the expression level of PD-L1 in paired cancer tissue and paracancerous tissue. Results: Three-hundred-and-thirty patients were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 55.0 years at surgery and a mean tumor size of 5.2 cm. Two-hundred-and-forty-two (73.3%) and 88 (26.7%) patients showed a high and low expression of PD-L1 mRNA, respectively, while 254 patients had positive PD-L1 immunohistochemistry staining. Two-hundred-and-ninety-two patients had consistent results for mRNA and the PD-L1 protein based on these different detection methods. Patients with high PD-L1 expression were more likely to exhibit adverse pathologic features including an advanced T stage (P = 0.002) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.044). The Kaplan-Meier curves of PFS and OS stratified by PD-L1 expression had a statistically significant difference. PD-L1 expression maintained a significant predictive role for PFS and OS in the multivariate cox model. Conclusions: Our data suggests that PD-L1 correlates with prognosis in RCC and targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway should be considered in the treatment of RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Xiao
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Jiang Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Xian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Hai Shi
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Jun Shen
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Germline polymorphism of interferon-lambda3 is clinically associated with progression of renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 9:4188-4199. [PMID: 29423114 PMCID: PMC5790531 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an immunogenic tumor that shows a metabolic shift to aerobic glycolysis. The immune system can have opposing host-protective and tumor-promoting effects, and aerobic glycolysis suppresses antitumor immunity. In addition to immunostimulatory effect, increasing numbers of studies have revealed that interferon (IFN) is also involved in promoting immunosuppression. Since various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can influence the outcome of anticancer therapy, we investigated SNPs for IFN-lambda3, a new member of IFN family, in 53 patients with metastatic RCC who underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy. The 16 patients who were heterozygous/homozygous for the minor alleles of SNPs for IFN-lambda3 had a significantly worse response to sequential vascular endothelial growth factor-targeting therapy (P = 0.0029) and shorter survival (P = 0.0033) compared with the 37 patients possessing the major alleles of SNPs for IFN-lambda3. In these 16 patients, the primary tumor showed elevated glucose uptake on positron emission tomography with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (P = 0.0160) and increased expression of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase Akt (P = 0.0006 and P = 0.0043, respectively) compared to the tumors of the patients without these alleles. Since IFN-induced PD-L1 expression on either tumor cells or tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells can trigger immunosuppression due to crosstalk between cancer cells and T cells, IFN-lambda3 polymorphism might be linked to the immunosuppressive effects of IFNs in cancer. Although this retrospective study lacks mechanistic insight, our findings suggest that IFN-lambda3 polymorphism might be relevant to the progression of RCC.
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10
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Long GV, Weber JS, Larkin J, Atkinson V, Grob JJ, Schadendorf D, Dummer R, Robert C, Márquez-Rodas I, McNeil C, Schmidt H, Briscoe K, Baurain JF, Hodi FS, Wolchok JD. Nivolumab for Patients With Advanced Melanoma Treated Beyond Progression: Analysis of 2 Phase 3 Clinical Trials. JAMA Oncol 2017; 3:1511-1519. [PMID: 28662232 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Importance Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated atypical response patterns, which may not be fully captured by conventional response criteria. There is a need to better understand the potential benefit of continued immune checkpoint inhibition beyond progression. Objective To evaluate the safety and potential benefit of nivolumab (anti-programmed cell death receptor 1) monotherapy beyond Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1-defined progression. Design, Setting, and Participants Pooled, retrospective analysis of data from phase 3 trials of nivolumab in treatment-naive patients with advanced melanoma (CheckMate 066 or CheckMate 067) conducted at academic and clinical cancer centers. Participants were patients treated beyond first disease progression, defined as those who received their last dose of nivolumab more than 6 weeks after progression (TBP group); and patients not treated beyond progression, who discontinued nivolumab therapy before or at progression (non-TBP group). Data analyses were conducted from November 6, 2015, to January 11, 2017. Interventions Nivolumab (3 mg/kg every 2 weeks) administered until progression or unacceptable toxic effects. Patients could be treated beyond progression if deriving apparent clinical benefit and tolerating study drug, at the investigator's discretion. Main Outcomes and Measures Tumor response and safety in TBP and non-TBP patients. Results Among 526 randomized patients (39% [n = 203] female; median age, 62 years [range, 18-90 years]), 306 (58%) experienced disease progression, including 85 (28%) TBP patients and 221 (72%) non-TBP patients. Twenty-four (28%) of the TBP patients had a target lesion reduction of greater than 30% after progression compared with baseline (TBP>30% group). At the time of this analysis, 65 (76%) TBP patients and 21 (87%) TBP>30% patients were still alive; 27 (32%) and 11 (46%), respectively, continued to receive treatment. Median (range) time from progression to last dose of treatment was 4.7 (1.4-25.8) months for TBP patients and 7.6 (2.4-19.4) months for TBP>30% patients. Median (range) time from progression to greater than 30% tumor reduction was 1.4 (0.2-7.0) months. Treatment-related select grade 3 to 4 adverse events were similar in the TBP and non-TBP groups (5 [6%] and 9 [4%], respectively). Conclusions and Relevance A substantial proportion of selected patients treated with frontline nivolumab who were clinically stable and judged to be eligible for treatment beyond RECIST v1.1-defined progression by the treating investigators derived apparent clinical benefit without compromising safety. Further analysis will help define the potential benefit of continued nivolumab treatment beyond progression. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifiers: NCT01721772 (CheckMate 066) and NCT01844505 (CheckMate 067).
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Mater Hospital, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeffrey S Weber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.,now with Department of Medical Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - James Larkin
- Department of Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Atkinson
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation and Princess Alexandra Hospital, and University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jean-Jacques Grob
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Cancer, Hospital Timone APHM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Skin, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, UniversitaetsSpital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Robert
- Department of Medicine Institute Gustave Roussy, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif Paris-Sud, France
| | - Ivan Márquez-Rodas
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catriona McNeil
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Melanoma Institute Australia, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Henrik Schmidt
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karen Briscoe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Coffs Harbour Health Campus, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jean-François Baurain
- Melanoma Clinic at King Albert II Cancer Institute, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Melanoma Center and Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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11
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Goltz D, Gevensleben H, Dietrich J, Schroeck F, de Vos L, Droege F, Kristiansen G, Schroeck A, Landsberg J, Bootz F, Dietrich D. PDCD1 (PD-1) promoter methylation predicts outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:41011-41020. [PMID: 28487502 PMCID: PMC5522222 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers that facilitate the prediction of disease recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) may enable physicians to personalize treatment. In the current study, DNA promoter methylation of programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, PD-1) was evaluated as a prognostic biomarker in HNSCC patients. RESULTS High PDCD1 methylation (mPDCD1) was associated with a significantly shorter overall survival after surgical resection in both the discovery (HR = 2.24 [95%CI: 1.08-4.64], p = 0.029) and the validation cohort (HR = 1.54 [95%CI: 1.08-2.21], p = 0.017). In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, PDCD1 methylation remained a significant prognostic factor for HNSCC (HR = 2.14 [95%CI: 1.19-3.84], p = 0.011). Further, mPDCD1 was strongly associated with the human papilloma virus (HPV) status. MATERIALS AND METHODS mPDCD1 was assessed retrospectively in a discovery cohort of 120 HNSCC patients treated at the University Hospital of Bonn and a validation cohort of 527 HNSCC cases analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. CONCLUSIONS PDCD1 methylation might aid the identification of HNSCC patients potentially benefitting from a radical or alternative treatment, particularly in the context of immunotherapies targeting PD-1/PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Goltz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Joern Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friederike Schroeck
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luka de Vos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Freya Droege
- Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Schroeck
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friedrich Bootz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Nukui A, Masuda A, Abe H, Arai K, Yoshida KI, Kamai T. Increased serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor is associated with a worse response of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma to interferon alpha and sequential VEGF-targeting therapy. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:372. [PMID: 28545581 PMCID: PMC5445282 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a tumor with immunogenic properties. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) has a role in T cell activation and may be important for immune regulation in various conditions, including infections, transplantation rejection, autoimmune inflammatory states, and cancer. We investigated the prognostic value of the serum sIL-2R level in patients with metastatic RCC receiving IFN-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeting therapy. METHODS We monitored the serum level of sIL-2R over time and examined phosphorylated Akt expression by the primary tumor in 47 patients with metastatic clear cell RCC (ccRCC) undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy followed by first-line adjuvant therapy with IFN-alpha plus sequential VEGF-targeting therapy as second- or third-line adjuvant therapy. RESULTS A preoperative increase of the serum level of sIL-2R was correlated with a higher preoperative serum level of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)-ligand 1 (PD-L1), increased expression of phosphorylated Akt by the primary tumor, and a worse response to IFN-alpha/sequential VEGF-targeting therapy, as well as being an independent prognostic factor for a shorter overall survival time by multivariate analysis. Over time, the serum sIL-2R level largely reflected the tumor response to therapy. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring the serum level of sIL-2R may help to predict the biological behavior of ccRCC, its response to IFN-alpha/sequential VEGF-targeting therapy, and the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Nukui
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Akinori Masuda
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Abe
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Kyoko Arai
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Takao Kamai
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
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13
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Clinical value of monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2017; 34:60. [PMID: 28315228 PMCID: PMC5357244 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of malignant tumours that affects over 500,000 patients per year. Treatment failure is generally due to the heterogeneity of these tumours and to the serious adverse effects associated with treatment. Immunological system impairment, which is common in HNSCC, further contributes to treatment failure by mediating tumour escape mechanisms. To date, the only clinically approved targeted therapy agent is cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to, and inhibits, epidermal growth factor receptor, which is widely overexpressed in HNSCC. Cetuximab has been proven to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, further magnifying its therapeutic effect. DNA sequencing of HNSCC cells has identified the presence of mutated genes, thus making their protein products potential targets for therapeutic inhibition. Immune mechanisms have been found to have a significant impact on carcinogenesis, thus providing the rationale to support efforts to identify anticancer compounds with immunomodulatory properties. In the context of the rapid development of novel targeted agents, the aim of the present paper is to review our current understanding of HNSCC and to review the novel anticancer agents (mAbs and TKIs) introduced in recent years, including an assessment of their efficacy and mechanisms of action.
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14
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Yu GT, Bu LL, Huang CF, Zhang WF, Chen WJ, Gutkind JS, Kulkarni AB, Sun ZJ. PD-1 blockade attenuates immunosuppressive myeloid cells due to inhibition of CD47/SIRPα axis in HPV negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42067-80. [PMID: 26573233 PMCID: PMC4747210 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play key roles in the tumor immune suppressive network and tumor progression. However, precise roles of programmed death-1 (PD-1) in immunological functions of MDSCs and TAMs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, we show that PD-1 and PD-L1 levels were significantly higher in human HNSCC specimen than in normal oral mucosa. MDSCs and TAMs were characterized in mice and human HNSCC specimen, correlated well with PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. αPD-1 treatment was well tolerated and significantly reduced tumor growth in the HNSCC mouse model along with significant reduction in MDSCs and TAMs in immune organs and tumors. Molecular analysis suggests a reduction in the CD47/SIRPα pathway by PD-1 blockade, which regulates MDSCs, TAMs, dendritic cell as well as effector T cells. Hence, these data identify that PD-1/PD-L1 axis is significantly increased in human and mouse HNSCC. Adoptive αPD-1 immunotherapy may provide a novel therapeutic approach to modulate the micro- and macro- environment in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Tao Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Fa Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan-Jun Chen
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashok B Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Sleeman JP. The lymph node pre-metastatic niche. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 93:1173-84. [PMID: 26489604 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node metastases occur frequently during the progression of many types of cancer, and their presence often reflects poor prognosis. The drainage of tumor-derived factors such as antigens, growth factors, cytokines, and exosomes through the lymphatic system to the regional lymph nodes plays an important role in the pre-metastatic conditioning of the microenvironment in lymph nodes, making them receptive and supportive metastatic niches for disseminating tumor cells. Modified immunological responses and remodeling of the vasculature are the most studied tumor-induced pre-metastatic changes in the lymph node microenvironment that promote metastasis, although other metastasis-relevant alterations are also starting to be studied. Here, I review our current understanding of the lymph node pre-metastatic niche, how tumors condition this niche, and the relevance of this conditioning for our understanding of the process of metastasis.
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16
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Fukuda T, Kamai T, Masuda A, Nukui A, Abe H, Arai K, Yoshida KI. Higher preoperative serum levels of PD-L1 and B7-H4 are associated with invasive and metastatic potential and predictable for poor response to VEGF-targeted therapy and unfavorable prognosis of renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1810-20. [PMID: 27292320 PMCID: PMC4971909 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an immunogenic and proangiogenic cancer. Although antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies achieve impressive responses in some patients, many tumors eventually develop resistance to such therapy. The B7 family molecules such as CTLA‐4, PD‐1, and PD‐L1 are pivotal players in immune checkpoints that positively or negatively regulate various immune responses. Recently, immunotherapy based on blocking immune checkpoints with anti‐CTLA4, anti‐PD‐1, or anti‐PD‐L1 antibodies has been proposed as a potential new approach to the treatment of metastatic RCC. Higher expression of PD‐L1 and B7‐H4 in the tumors is associated with a poor prognosis in RCCs, however, the clinical impact of serum levels of B7 family molecules has not been elucidated in patients with metastatic RCCs receiving VEGF‐targeted agents. We assessed the preoperative serum levels of B7 family molecules, including CD80, CD86, PD‐1, PD‐L1, B7‐H3, B7‐H4, and CTLA‐4, and CD28 in RCC patients, and determined their relations with various clinicopathological characteristics. Elevated preoperative serum levels of PD‐L1 and B7‐H4 were correlated with less differentiated tumors, higher invasive and metastatic potential, a worse response to anti‐VEGF therapy, and shorter overall survival. These findings suggested that investigating preoperative serum levels of PD‐L1 and B7‐H4 might not only be useful to assess the biological aggressiveness of RCCs, but also to predict the efficacy of anti‐VEGF therapy and the eventual prognosis, indicating the future design of clinical trials of therapies targeting immune checkpoint in advanced RCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Fukuda
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takao Kamai
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akinori Masuda
- Dialysis center, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akinori Nukui
- Department of Urology, Nasu Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Abe
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kyoko Arai
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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17
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Targeted Therapy and Checkpoint Immunotherapy Combinations for the Treatment of Cancer. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:462-476. [PMID: 27216414 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many advances in the treatment of cancer have been driven by the development of targeted therapies that inhibit oncogenic signaling pathways and tumor-associated angiogenesis, as well as by the recent development of therapies that activate a patient's immune system to unleash antitumor immunity. Some targeted therapies can have effects on host immune responses, in addition to their effects on tumor biology. These immune-modulating effects, such as increasing tumor antigenicity or promoting intratumoral T cell infiltration, provide a rationale for combining these targeted therapies with immunotherapies. Here, we discuss the immune-modulating effects of targeted therapies against the MAPK and VEGF signaling pathways, and how they may synergize with immunomodulatory antibodies that target PD1/PDL1 and CTLA4. We critically examine the rationale in support of these combinations in light of the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action of these therapies. We also discuss the available preclinical and clinical data for these combination approaches and their implications regarding mechanisms of action. Insights from these studies provide a framework for considering additional combinations of targeted therapies and immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer.
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18
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Suzuki S, Ishida T, Yoshikawa K, Ueda R. Current status of immunotherapy. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2016; 46:191-203. [PMID: 26819277 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyv201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been big breakthrough in the development of cancer immunotherapy. Anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody, ipilimumab, is the first-approved immune checkpoint inhibitor and has shown durable objective responses for advanced melanoma beyond the effect of dacarbazine. Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, are other immune checkpoint inhibitors that have demonstrated more effective results than conventional drugs in clinical trials for a variety of advanced solid tumors including melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma and renal carcinoma. These studies have indicated that the enhancement of anti-cancer immunity by controlling the immune suppressive environment in cancer tissues is an important issue for the development of cancer immune-therapy. Accordingly, in recent years, the enthusiasm for research of cancer immunology has shifted to studies regarding the formation of the immune suppressive environment, immune suppression mechanisms in cancer tissues and the molecules and cells involved in these pathways. Novel findings from these studies might lead to the development of cancer immunotherapy based on control of the immune suppressive environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Suzuki
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshikawa
- Center for Advanced Medical Research, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Ueda
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute
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19
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Reinherz EL. αβ TCR-mediated recognition: relevance to tumor-antigen discovery and cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 3:305-12. [PMID: 25847967 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
αβ T lymphocytes sense perturbations in host cellular body components induced by infectious pathogens, oncogenic transformation, or chemical or physical damage. Millions to billions of these lymphocytes are generated through T-lineage development in the thymus, each endowed with a clonally restricted surface T-cell receptor (TCR). An individual TCR has the capacity to recognize a distinct "foreign" peptide among the myriad of antigens that the mammalian host must be capable of detecting. TCRs explicitly distinguish foreign from self-peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This is a daunting challenge, given that the MHC-linked peptidome consists of thousands of distinct peptides with a relevant nonself target antigen often embedded at low number, among orders of magnitude higher frequency self-peptides. In this Masters of Immunology article, I review how TCR structure and attendant mechanobiology involving nonlinear responses affect sensitivity as well as specificity to meet this requirement. Assessment of human tumor-cell display using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry physical detection methods that quantify epitope copy number can help to provide information about requisite T-cell functional avidity affording protection and/or therapeutic immunity. Future rational CD8 cytotoxic T-cell-based vaccines may follow, targeting virally induced cancers, other nonviral immunogenic tumors, and potentially even nonimmunogenic tumors whose peptide display can be purposely altered by MHC-binding drugs to stimulate immune attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis L Reinherz
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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20
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Abstract
The success of recent immune checkpoint blockade trials in solid tumors has demonstrated the tremendous potential of immune-mediated treatment strategies for cancer therapy. These immune therapies activate preexisting cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells (CTL) to selectively target and eradicate malignant cells. In vitro models suggest that these therapies may be more effective in combination with priming of CTL using cancer vaccines. CTL-mediated tumor targeting is achieved by its recognition of tumor antigenic epitopes presented on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules by tumor cells. Discovering CTL-antigenic epitopes is therefore central to the design of therapeutic T-cell vaccines and immune monitoring of these complex immunotherapies. However, selecting and monitoring T-cell epitopes remains difficult due to the extensive polymorphism of HLA alleles and the presence of confounding non-immunogenic self-peptides. To overcome these challenges, this chapter presents methodologies for the design of CTL-targeted vaccines using selection of target HLA alleles, novel integrated computational strategies to predict HLA-class I CTL epitopes, and epitope validation methods using short-term ex vivo T-cell stimulation. This strategy results in the improved efficiency for selecting antigenic epitopes for CTL-mediated vaccines and for immune monitoring of tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Krishna
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Karen S Anderson
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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21
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Elkord E, Burt DJ, Sundstedt A, Nordle Ö, Hedlund G, Hawkins RE. Immunological response and overall survival in a subset of advanced renal cell carcinoma patients from a randomized phase 2/3 study of naptumomab estafenatox plus IFN-α versus IFN-α. Oncotarget 2015; 6:4428-39. [PMID: 25669986 PMCID: PMC4414201 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Naptumomab estafenatox/ABR-217620/ANYARA (Nap) has been evaluated in clinical phase 1 and 2/3 studies. RCC patients in the phase 2/3 trial were randomized 1:1 in an open label study to receive Nap+IFN-α or IFN-α. In this study, we analyzed the UK patients for their immunological response in relation to prolonged overall survival (OS). We found that Nap-specific T cells were reduced after 3 treatment days in patients' peripheral blood. Levels of both Nap-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher 8 days after the first treatment. Patients with such pattern of reduction and expansion of Nap-binding T cells also showed increased levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ in plasma 3 hours after the first Nap treatment. In addition, Nap caused an increase of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α. The patients in the UK subset showed a tendency of OS benefit after Nap treatment. Most Nap treated patients with long OS had low baseline IL-6 and normal levels of anti-SEA/E-120 antibodies. Furthermore, patients with pronounced Nap induced IL-2 and T cell expansion had long OS. In conclusion, patients with low baseline IL-6 and normal anti-SEA/E-120 may respond well to Nap by T cell activation and expansion paving the way for anti-tumour effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyad Elkord
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.,Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Deborah J Burt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Robert E Hawkins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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22
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Chung DJ, Pronschinske KB, Shyer JA, Sharma S, Leung S, Curran SA, Lesokhin AM, Devlin SM, Giralt SA, Young JW. T-cell Exhaustion in Multiple Myeloma Relapse after Autotransplant: Optimal Timing of Immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 4:61-71. [PMID: 26464015 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is the most common indication for high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and lenalidomide maintenance after transplant is now standard. Although lenalidomide doubles progression-free survival, almost all patients eventually relapse. Posttransplant immunotherapy to improve outcomes after ASCT therefore has great merit but first requires delineation of the dynamics of immune reconstitution. We evaluated lymphocyte composition and function after ASCT to guide optimal timing of immunotherapy and to identify potential markers of relapse. Regulatory T cells (Treg) decline as CD8(+) T cells expand during early lymphocyte recovery after ASCT, markedly reducing the Treg:CD8(+) effector T-cell ratio. These CD8(+) T cells can respond to autologous dendritic cells presenting tumor antigen in vitro as early as day +12 after transplant, becoming antigen-specific cytolytic T-lymphocyte effectors and thereby demonstrating preservation of cellular reactivity. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells express the negative regulatory molecules, CTLA-4, PD-1, LAG-3, and TIM-3, before and after ASCT. A subpopulation of exhausted/senescent CD8(+) T cells, however, downregulates CD28 and upregulates CD57 and PD-1, characterizing immune impairment and relapse after ASCT. Relapsing patients have higher numbers of these cells at +3 months after transplant, but before detection of clinical disease, indicating their applicability in identifying patients at higher risk of relapse. PD-1 blockade also revives the proliferation and cytokine secretion of the hyporesponsive, exhausted/senescent CD8(+) T cells in vitro. Collectively, these results identify T-cell exhaustion/senescence as a distinguishing feature of relapse and support early introduction of immunotherapy to stimulate antitumor immunity after ASCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Chung
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunobiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Myeloma Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. The Rockefeller University, New York, New York. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
| | - Katherine B Pronschinske
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunobiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Justin A Shyer
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunobiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sneh Sharma
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunobiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samantha Leung
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunobiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shane A Curran
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunobiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexander M Lesokhin
- Myeloma Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Sean M Devlin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sergio A Giralt
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Myeloma Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - James W Young
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunobiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. The Rockefeller University, New York, New York. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York
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