1
|
Aparicio B, Theunissen P, Hervas-Stubbs S, Fortes P, Sarobe P. Relevance of mutation-derived neoantigens and non-classical antigens for anticancer therapies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2303799. [PMID: 38346926 PMCID: PMC10863374 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2303799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of cancer immunotherapies relies on correct recognition of tumor antigens by lymphocytes, eliciting thus functional responses capable of eliminating tumor cells. Therefore, important efforts have been carried out in antigen identification, with the aim of understanding mechanisms of response to immunotherapy and to design safer and more efficient strategies. In addition to classical tumor-associated antigens identified during the last decades, implementation of next-generation sequencing methodologies is enabling the identification of neoantigens (neoAgs) arising from mutations, leading to the development of new neoAg-directed therapies. Moreover, there are numerous non-classical tumor antigens originated from other sources and identified by new methodologies. Here, we review the relevance of neoAgs in different immunotherapies and the results obtained by applying neoAg-based strategies. In addition, the different types of non-classical tumor antigens and the best approaches for their identification are described. This will help to increase the spectrum of targetable molecules useful in cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belen Aparicio
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patrick Theunissen
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, Pamplona, Spain
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Hervas-Stubbs
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Puri Fortes
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, Pamplona, Spain
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Advanced Therapies (TERAV ISCIII), Spain
| | - Pablo Sarobe
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parkhurst M, Goff SL, Lowery FJ, Beyer RK, Halas H, Robbins PF, Prickett TD, Gartner JJ, Sindiri S, Krishna S, Zacharakis N, Ngo L, Ray S, Bera A, Shepherd R, Levin N, Kim SP, Copeland A, Nah S, Levi S, Parikh N, Kwong MLM, Klemen ND, Yang JC, Rosenberg SA. Adoptive transfer of personalized neoantigen-reactive TCR-transduced T cells in metastatic colorectal cancer: phase 2 trial interim results. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-03109-0. [PMID: 38992129 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) with neoantigen-reactive T lymphocytes can mediate cancer regression. Here we isolated unique, personalized, neoantigen-reactive T cell receptors (TCRs) from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancers and incorporated the TCR α and β chains into gamma retroviral vectors. We transduced autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes and adoptively transferred these cells into patients after lymphodepleting chemotherapy. In a phase 2 single-arm study, we treated seven patients with metastatic, mismatch repair-proficient colorectal cancers who had progressive disease following multiple previous therapies. The primary end point of the study was the objective response rate as measured using RECIST 1.1, and the secondary end points were safety and tolerability. There was no prespecified interim analysis defined in this study. Three patients had objective clinical responses by RECIST criteria including regressions of metastases to the liver, lungs and lymph nodes lasting 4 to 7 months. All patients received T cell populations containing ≥50% TCR-transduced cells, and all T cell populations were polyfunctional in that they secreted IFNγ, GM-CSF, IL-2 and granzyme B specifically in response to mutant peptides compared with wild-type counterparts. TCR-transduced cells were detected in the peripheral blood of five patients, including the three responders, at levels ≥10% of CD3+ cells 1 month post-ACT. In one patient who responded to therapy, ~20% of CD3+ peripheral blood lymphocytes expressed transduced TCRs more than 2 years after treatment. This study provides early results suggesting that ACT with T cells genetically modified to express personalized neoantigen-reactive TCRs can be tolerated and can mediate tumor regression in patients with metastatic colorectal cancers. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03412877 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lien Ngo
- Surgery Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Noam Levin
- Surgery Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang C, Li S, Shen L, Teng X, Xiao Y, Yang W, Lu Z. Single-cell sequencing of tumour infiltrating T cells efficiently identifies tumour-specific T cell receptors based on the T cell activation score. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:123. [PMID: 38727812 PMCID: PMC11087383 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Adoptively transferred T cell receptor-engineered T cells are a promising cancer treatment strategy, and the identification of tumour-specific TCRs is essential. Previous studies reported that tumour-reactive T cells and TCRs could be isolated based on the expression of activation markers. However, since T cells with different cell states could not respond uniformly to activation but show a heterogeneous expression profile of activation and effector molecules, isolation of tumour-reactive T cells based on single activation or effector molecules could result in the absence of tumour-reactive T cells; thus, combinations of multiple activation and effector molecules could improve the efficiency of isolating tumour-specific TCRs. We enrolled two patients with lung adenocarcinoma and obtained their tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and autologous tumour cells (ATCs). TILs were cocultured with the corresponding ATCs for 12 h and subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing. First, we identified three TCRs with the highest expression levels of IFNG and TNFRSF9 mRNA for each patient, yet only the top one or two recognized the corresponding ATCs in each patient. Next, we defined the activation score based on normalized expression levels of IFNG, IL2, TNF, IL2RA, CD69, TNFRSF9, GZMB, GZMA, GZMK, and PRF1 mRNA for each T cell and then identified three TCRs with the highest activation score for each patient. We found that all three TCRs in each patient could specifically identify corresponding ATCs. In conclusion, we established an efficient approach to isolate tumour-reactive TCRs based on combinations of multiple activation and effector molecules through single-cell RNA sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Shance Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Luyan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xia Teng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yefei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- The Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Zheming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shao W, Yao Y, Yang L, Li X, Ge T, Zheng Y, Zhu Q, Ge S, Gu X, Jia R, Song X, Zhuang A. Novel insights into TCR-T cell therapy in solid neoplasms: optimizing adoptive immunotherapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:37. [PMID: 38570883 PMCID: PMC10988985 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy in the T cell landscape exhibits efficacy in cancer treatment. Over the past few decades, genetically modified T cells, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T cells, have enabled remarkable strides in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Besides, extensive exploration of multiple antigens for the treatment of solid tumors has led to clinical interest in the potential of T cells expressing the engineered T cell receptor (TCR). TCR-T cells possess the capacity to recognize intracellular antigen families and maintain the intrinsic properties of TCRs in terms of affinity to target epitopes and signal transduction. Recent research has provided critical insight into their capability and therapeutic targets for multiple refractory solid tumors, but also exposes some challenges for durable efficacy. In this review, we describe the screening and identification of available tumor antigens, and the acquisition and optimization of TCRs for TCR-T cell therapy. Furthermore, we summarize the complete flow from laboratory to clinical applications of TCR-T cells. Last, we emerge future prospects for improving therapeutic efficacy in cancer world with combination therapies or TCR-T derived products. In conclusion, this review depicts our current understanding of TCR-T cell therapy in solid neoplasms, and provides new perspectives for expanding its clinical applications and improving therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiran Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ludi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongxin Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xiang N, Zhang K, Zhao Y, Xu C, Zhang X, Meng S. Characterization of antigen presentation capability for neoantigen-based products using targeted LC-MS/MS method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 240:115886. [PMID: 38184916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The generation of an immune response in neoantigen-based products relies on antigen presentation, which is closely analyzed by bioassays for T-cell functions such as tetramer or cytokine release. Mass spectrometry (MS) has the potential to directly assess the antigen-presenting capability of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), offering advantages such as speed, multi-target analysis, robustness, and ease of transferability. However, it has not been used for quality control of these products due to challenges in sensitivity, including the number of cells and peptide diversity. In this study, we describe the development and validation of an improved targeted LC-MS/MS method with high sensitivity for characterizing antigen presentation, which could be applied in the quality control of neoantigen-based products. The parameters for the extraction were carefully optimized by different short peptides. Highly sensitive targeted triple quadrupole mass spectrometry combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was employed using a selective ion monitoring mode (Multiple Reaction Monitoring, MRM). Besides, we successfully implemented robust quality control peptides to ensure the reliability and consistency of this method, which proved invaluable for different APCs. With reference to the guidelines from ICH Q2 (R2), M10, as well as considering the specific attributes of the product itself, we validated the method for selectivity, specificity, sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), recovery rate, matrix effect, repeatability, and application in dendritic cells (DCs) associated with neoantigen-based products. The validation process yields satisfactory results. Combining this approach with T cell assays will comprehensively assess cell product quality attributes from physicochemical and biological perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; The Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo St., Daxing District, Beijing, China
| | - Kehua Zhang
- The Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo St., Daxing District, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Zhao
- SCIEX China, 5F, Building 1, No. 24 Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Chongfeng Xu
- The Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo St., Daxing District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shufang Meng
- The Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo St., Daxing District, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Faghfuri E. Recent advances in personalized cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, T cells and vaccines. Per Med 2024; 21:45-57. [PMID: 38088165 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2023-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The results of genomic and molecular profiling of cancer patients can be effectively applied to immunotherapy agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, to select the most appropriate treatment. In addition, accurate prediction of neoantigens facilitates the development of individualized cancer vaccines and T-cell therapy. This review summarizes the biomarker(s) predicting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and focuses on current strategies to identify and isolate neoantigen-reactive T cells as well as the clinical development of neoantigen-based therapeutics. The results suggest that maximal T-cell stimulation and expansion can be achieved with combination therapies that enhance antigen-presenting cells' function and optimal T-cell priming in lymph nodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Faghfuri
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5613658115, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu L, Li Y, Song Y, Sun Z, Li W, Li B, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang B. One-step shotgun approach for antigenic specific pMHCs capture stimulated CD8 + T cell activation and proliferation. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104784. [PMID: 37984278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Antigenic peptides play a central role in immune surveillance in cancer, infectious disease, autoimmunity, and allergy. The identification and isolation of antigenic peptides for T cell immune response are crucial for successful personalized adoptive immune cell therapy. The mainly methods includes gene sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. The antigenic peptides which identified by analysis and artificially synthesized still need antigen presenting cell (APC) to deliver to T cells. However, high costs and lengthy process times have limited its application in clinical practice. In order to overcome it, this study attempted to directly capture antigenic peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (pMHCs) from cell lysates using streptavidin Dynabeads and biotin-labeled antibodies, then the pMHCs was co-cultured with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) of the same tissue origin. The results indicated that the captured pMHCs were able to enrich the tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, and also effectively induce proliferation and cytotoxic responses of CD8+ T cells. This study provided a novel approach for obtaining tumor antigenic pMHCs, which could enrich antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, and could also function as artificial APCs (aAPCs) to stimulate proliferation and activation of T cells. Notably, these pMHCs can stimulate the proliferation of stem-like memory T cells. In conclusion, this study describes a time-saving and low-cost method to isolate tumour antigen peptide MHC complexs, helping tumor antigen-specific T cell enrichment, activation, and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yateng Li
- Qingdao Sino-Cell Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266200, China
| | - Yu Song
- Qingdao Sino-Cell Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266200, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Qingdao Sino-Cell Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266200, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Qingdao Sino-Cell Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266200, China
| | - Bin Li
- Qingdao Sino-Cell Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266200, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Institute of Translational Research for Solid Tumor, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266200, China.
| | - Haibo Wang
- Institute of Translational Research for Solid Tumor, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China; Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266200, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen G, Kong D, Lin Y. Neo-Antigen-Reactive T Cells Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: A More Personalized Cancer Therapy Approach. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200186. [PMID: 37970536 PMCID: PMC10632666 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignancy in women and the third most frequent cancer in men. Evidence has revealed that the survival of patients with metastatic CRC is very low, between one and three years. Neoantigens are known proteins encoded by mutations in tumor cells. It is theorized that recognizing neoantigens by T cells leads to T cell activation and further antitumor responses. Neoantigen-reactive T cells (NRTs) are designed against the mentioned neoantigens expressed by tumor cells. NRTs selectively kill tumor cells without damage to non-cancerous cells. Identifying patient-specific and high immunogen neoantigens is important in NRT immunotherapy of patients with CRC. However, the main challenges are the side effects and preparation of NRTs, as well as the effectiveness of these cells in vivo. This review summarized the properties of neoantigens as well as the preparation and therapeutic outcomes of NRTs for the treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan‐Liang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing312000China
| | - De‐Xia Kong
- Center for General Practice MedicineDepartment of GastroenterologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeNo. 158 Shangtang RoadHangzhouZhejiang310014China
| | - Yan Lin
- Center for General Practice MedicineDepartment of GastroenterologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeNo. 158 Shangtang RoadHangzhouZhejiang310014China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu Y, Li X, Chen T, Wang J, Zhou Y, Mu X, Du Y, Wang J, Tang J, Liu J. Personalised neoantigen-based therapy in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1461. [PMID: 37921274 PMCID: PMC10623652 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become one of the most common tumours with high morbidity, mortality and distinctive evolution mechanism. The neoantigens arising from the somatic mutations have become considerable treatment targets in the management of CRC. As cancer-specific aberrant peptides, neoantigens can trigger the robust host immune response and exert anti-tumour effects while minimising the emergence of adverse events commonly associated with alternative therapeutic regimens. In this review, we summarised the mechanism, generation, identification and prognostic significance of neoantigens, as well as therapeutic strategies challenges of neoantigen-based therapy in CRC. The evidence suggests that the establishment of personalised neoantigen-based therapy holds great promise as an effective treatment approach for patients with CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Juan Zhu
- Department of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiong Li
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ting‐Ting Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jia‐Xiang Wang
- Department of Renal Cancer and MelanomaPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Yi‐Xin Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiao‐Li Mu
- Department of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jia‐Ling Wang
- Department of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jie Tang
- Clinical Trial CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ji‐Yan Liu
- Department of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Das A, Ghose A, Naicker K, Sanchez E, Chargari C, Rassy E, Boussios S. Advances in adoptive T-cell therapy for metastatic melanoma. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103404. [PMID: 37478776 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) is a fast developing, niche area of immunotherapy (IO), which is revolutionising the therapeutic landscape of solid tumour oncology, especially metastatic melanoma (MM). Identifying tumour antigens (TAs) as potential targets, the ACT response is mediated by either Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) or genetically modified T cells with specific receptors - T cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or more prospectively, natural killer (NK) cells. Clinical trials involving ACT in MM from 2006 to present have shown promising results. Yet it is not without its drawbacks which include significant auto-immune toxicity and need for pre-conditioning lymphodepletion. Although immune-modulation is underway using various combination therapies in the hope of enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity. Our review article explores the role of ACT in MM, including the various modalities - their safety, efficacy, risks and their development in the trial and the real world setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aparimita Das
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, ME7 5NY, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India
| | - Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, ME7 5NY, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Cancer Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Naicker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, ME7 5NY, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabet Sanchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, ME7 5NY, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrus Chargari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institut, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, ME7 5NY, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom; Kent and Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, London, United Kingdom; AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki, Thermi 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schmidt J, Chiffelle J, Perez MAS, Magnin M, Bobisse S, Arnaud M, Genolet R, Cesbron J, Barras D, Navarro Rodrigo B, Benedetti F, Michel A, Queiroz L, Baumgaertner P, Guillaume P, Hebeisen M, Michielin O, Nguyen-Ngoc T, Huber F, Irving M, Tissot-Renaud S, Stevenson BJ, Rusakiewicz S, Dangaj Laniti D, Bassani-Sternberg M, Rufer N, Gfeller D, Kandalaft LE, Speiser DE, Zoete V, Coukos G, Harari A. Neoantigen-specific CD8 T cells with high structural avidity preferentially reside in and eliminate tumors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3188. [PMID: 37280206 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of cancer immunotherapy depends in part on the strength of antigen recognition by T cells. Here, we characterize the T cell receptor (TCR) functional (antigen sensitivity) and structural (monomeric pMHC-TCR off-rates) avidities of 371 CD8 T cell clones specific for neoantigens, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or viral antigens isolated from tumors or blood of patients and healthy donors. T cells from tumors exhibit stronger functional and structural avidity than their blood counterparts. Relative to TAA, neoantigen-specific T cells are of higher structural avidity and, consistently, are preferentially detected in tumors. Effective tumor infiltration in mice models is associated with high structural avidity and CXCR3 expression. Based on TCR biophysicochemical properties, we derive and apply an in silico model predicting TCR structural avidity and validate the enrichment in high avidity T cells in patients' tumors. These observations indicate a direct relationship between neoantigen recognition, T cell functionality and tumor infiltration. These results delineate a rational approach to identify potent T cells for personalized cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Schmidt
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Chiffelle
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta A S Perez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Magnin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bobisse
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marion Arnaud
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Genolet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Cesbron
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Barras
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Blanca Navarro Rodrigo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Benedetti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Michel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lise Queiroz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra Baumgaertner
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Guillaume
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hebeisen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tu Nguyen-Ngoc
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Huber
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Tissot-Renaud
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brian J Stevenson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Rusakiewicz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denarda Dangaj Laniti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Rufer
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Gfeller
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Center for Cell Therapy, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chatani PD, Lowery FJ, Parikh NB, Hitscherich KJ, Yossef R, Hill V, Gartner JJ, Paria B, Florentin M, Ray S, Bera A, Parkhust M, Robbins P, Krishna S, Rosenberg SA. Cell surface marker-based capture of neoantigen-reactive CD8 + T-cell receptors from metastatic tumor digests. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006264. [PMID: 37258038 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular immunotherapies using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can induce durable regression of epithelial cancers in selected patients with treatment-refractory metastatic disease. As the genetic engineering of T cells with tumor-reactive T-cell receptors (TCRs) comes to the forefront of clinical investigation, the rapid, scalable, and cost-effective detection of patient-specific neoantigen-reactive TIL remains a top priority. METHODS We analyzed the single-cell transcriptomic states of 31 neoantigen-specific T-cell clonotypes to identify cell surface dysfunction markers that best identified the metastatic transcriptional states enriched with antitumor TIL. We developed an efficient method to capture neoantigen-reactive TCRs directly from resected human tumors based on cell surface co-expression of CD39, programmed cell death protein-1, and TIGIT dysfunction markers (CD8+ TILTP). RESULTS TILTP TCR isolation achieved a high degree of correlation with single-cell transcriptomic signatures that identify neoantigen-reactive TCRs, making it a cost-effective strategy using widely available resources. Reconstruction of additional TILTP TCRs from tumors identified known and novel antitumor TCRs, showing that at least 39.5% of TILTP TCRs are neoantigen-reactive or tumor-reactive. Despite their substantial enrichment for neoantigen-reactive TCR clonotypes, clonal dynamics of 24 unique antitumor TILTP clonotypes from four patients indicated that most in vitro expanded TILTP populations failed to demonstrate neoantigen reactivity, either by loss of neoantigen-reactive clones during TIL expansion, or through functional impairment during cognate neoantigen recognition. CONCLUSIONS While direct usage of in vitro-expanded CD8+ TILTP as a source for cellular therapy might be precluded by profound TIL dysfunction, isolating TILTP represents a streamlined effective approach to rapidly identify neoantigen-reactive TCRs to design engineered cellular immunotherapies against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen D Chatani
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank J Lowery
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Neilesh B Parikh
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyle J Hitscherich
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rami Yossef
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Hill
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Biman Paria
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Florentin
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Satyajit Ray
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alakesh Bera
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Parkhust
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Robbins
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sri Krishna
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Want MY, Bashir Z, Najar RA. T Cell Based Immunotherapy for Cancer: Approaches and Strategies. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040835. [PMID: 37112747 PMCID: PMC10142387 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are critical in destroying cancer cells by recognizing antigens presented by MHC molecules on cancer cells or antigen-presenting cells. Identifying and targeting cancer-specific or overexpressed self-antigens is essential for redirecting T cells against tumors, leading to tumor regression. This is achieved through the identification of mutated or overexpressed self-proteins in cancer cells, which guide the recognition of cancer cells by T-cell receptors. There are two main approaches to T cell-based immunotherapy: HLA-restricted and HLA-non-restricted Immunotherapy. Significant progress has been made in T cell-based immunotherapy over the past decade, using naturally occurring or genetically engineered T cells to target cancer antigens in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. However, limited specificity, longevity, and toxicity have limited success rates. This review provides an overview of T cells as a therapeutic tool for cancer, highlighting the advantages and future strategies for developing effective T cell cancer immunotherapy. The challenges associated with identifying T cells and their corresponding antigens, such as their low frequency, are also discussed. The review further examines the current state of T cell-based immunotherapy and potential future strategies, such as the use of combination therapy and the optimization of T cell properties, to overcome current limitations and improve clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Y Want
- Department of Immunology, Division of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Zeenat Bashir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Canisius College, Buffalo, NY 14208, USA
| | - Rauf A Najar
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun C, Nagaoka K, Kobayashi Y, Maejima K, Nakagawa H, Nakajima J, Kakimi K. Immunotherapies targeting neoantigens are effective in PD-1 blockade-resistant tumors. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1463-1475. [PMID: 36451303 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Only a small fraction of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes can specifically recognize and attack cancer cells in PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy. Here, we investigate approaches to expand the neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells to overcome the difficulties in treating PD-1/PD-L1 blockade-resistant tumors. Mutation-associated neoepitopes of murine nonsmall cell lung cancer ASB-XIV were estimated by whole-exome and RNA sequencing and predicted by MHC-I binding affinity (FPKM >1) in silico. Using ASB-XIV-specific CD8+ T cells, we screened a panel of 257 neoepitope peptides derived from ASB-XIV missense and indel mutations. Mutated Phf3 peptide (mPhf3) was successfully identified as an immunogenic neoepitope. Prophylactic mPhf3-DC vaccination inhibited ASB-XIV tumor growth through CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Combining the mPhf3-DC vaccine and anti-PD-1 treatment elicited robust antitumor activity through the induction of mPhf3-specific CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of mPhf3-specific CD8+ T cells eradicated ASB-XIV tumors. Likewise, the combination of mutated Cdt1 peptide (mCdt1)-DC vaccine and anti-PD-1 treatment or adoptive transfer of mCdt1-specific CD8+ T cells also led to significant regression of PD-1 blockade-resistant murine gastric YTN16 tumors. In conclusion, a novel immunogenic neoepitope of ASB-XIV was identified for immunotherapy targeting neoantigens. Identification of immunogenic neoantigens can extend the therapeutic strategies by increasing the frequency of neoantigen-specific T cells, even for PD-1/PD-L1 blockade-resistant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changbo Sun
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Koji Nagaoka
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Kobayashi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Maejima
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Puig-Saus C, Sennino B, Peng S, Wang CL, Pan Z, Yuen B, Purandare B, An D, Quach BB, Nguyen D, Xia H, Jilani S, Shao K, McHugh C, Greer J, Peabody P, Nayak S, Hoover J, Said S, Jacoby K, Dalmas O, Foy SP, Conroy A, Yi MC, Shieh C, Lu W, Heeringa K, Ma Y, Chizari S, Pilling MJ, Ting M, Tunuguntla R, Sandoval S, Moot R, Hunter T, Zhao S, Saco JD, Perez-Garcilazo I, Medina E, Vega-Crespo A, Baselga-Carretero I, Abril-Rodriguez G, Cherry G, Wong DJ, Hundal J, Chmielowski B, Speiser DE, Bethune MT, Bao XR, Gros A, Griffith OL, Griffith M, Heath JR, Franzusoff A, Mandl SJ, Ribas A. Neoantigen-targeted CD8 + T cell responses with PD-1 blockade therapy. Nature 2023; 615:697-704. [PMID: 36890230 PMCID: PMC10441586 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Neoantigens are peptides derived from non-synonymous mutations presented by human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), which are recognized by antitumour T cells1-14. The large HLA allele diversity and limiting clinical samples have restricted the study of the landscape of neoantigen-targeted T cell responses in patients over their treatment course. Here we applied recently developed technologies15-17 to capture neoantigen-specific T cells from blood and tumours from patients with metastatic melanoma with or without response to anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy. We generated personalized libraries of neoantigen-HLA capture reagents to single-cell isolate the T cells and clone their T cell receptors (neoTCRs). Multiple T cells with different neoTCR sequences (T cell clonotypes) recognized a limited number of mutations in samples from seven patients with long-lasting clinical responses. These neoTCR clonotypes were recurrently detected over time in the blood and tumour. Samples from four patients with no response to anti-PD-1 also demonstrated neoantigen-specific T cell responses in the blood and tumour to a restricted number of mutations with lower TCR polyclonality and were not recurrently detected in sequential samples. Reconstitution of the neoTCRs in donor T cells using non-viral CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing demonstrated specific recognition and cytotoxicity to patient-matched melanoma cell lines. Thus, effective anti-PD-1 immunotherapy is associated with the presence of polyclonal CD8+ T cells in the tumour and blood specific for a limited number of immunodominant mutations, which are recurrently recognized over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Puig-Saus
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Duo An
- PACT Pharma, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Huiming Xia
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sameeha Jilani
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Ma
- PACT Pharma, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sidi Zhao
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Justin D Saco
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ivan Perez-Garcilazo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Egmidio Medina
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Agustin Vega-Crespo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ignacio Baselga-Carretero
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Abril-Rodriguez
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Grace Cherry
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah J Wong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jasreet Hundal
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Alena Gros
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Obi L Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Malachi Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Antoni Ribas
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) Therapy for Solid Tumor Treatment: Progressions and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174160. [PMID: 36077696 PMCID: PMC9455018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, immunotherapy, especially cell-based immunotherapy, has provided new strategies for cancer therapy. Recent clinical studies demonstrated that adopting cell transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for advanced solid tumors showed good efficacy. TIL therapy is a type of cell-based immunotherapy using the patient’s own immune cells from the microenvironment of the solid tumor to kill tumor cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current strategies and challenges in TIL isolation and generation. Moreover, the current clinical experience of TIL therapy is summarized and discussed, with an emphasis on lymphodepletion regimen, the use of interleukin-2, and related toxicity. Furthermore, we highlight the clinical trials where TIL therapy is used independently and in combination with other types of therapy for solid cancers. Finally, the limitations, future potential, and directions of TIL therapy for solid tumor treatment are also discussed.
Collapse
|
17
|
An unexplored angle: T cell antigen discoveries reveal a marginal contribution of proteasome splicing to the immunogenic MHC class I antigen pool. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119736119. [PMID: 35858315 PMCID: PMC9303865 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119736119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current era of T cell–based immunotherapies, it is crucial to understand which types of MHC-presented T cell antigens are produced by tumor cells. In addition to linear peptide antigens, chimeric peptides are generated through proteasome-catalyzed peptide splicing (PCPS). Whether such spliced peptides are abundantly presented by MHC is highly disputed because of disagreement in computational analyses of mass spectrometry data of MHC-eluted peptides. Moreover, such mass spectrometric analyses cannot elucidate how much spliced peptides contribute to the pool of immunogenic antigens. In this Perspective, we explain the significance of knowing the contribution of spliced peptides for accurate analyses of peptidomes on one hand, and to serve as a potential source of targetable tumor antigens on the other hand. Toward a strategy for mass spectrometry independent estimation of the contribution of PCPS to the immunopeptidome, we first reviewed methodologies to identify MHC-presented spliced peptide antigens expressed by tumors. Data from these identifications allowed us to compile three independent datasets containing 103, 74, and 83 confirmed T cell antigens from cancer patients. Only 3.9%, 1.4%, and between 0% and 7.2% of these truly immunogenic antigens are produced by PCPS, therefore providing a marginal contribution to the pool of immunogenic tumor antigens. We conclude that spliced peptides will not serve as a comprehensive source to expand the number of targetable antigens for immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT The holy grail of cancer therapeutics is the destruction of cancer cells while avoiding harm to normal cells. Cancer is unique from normal tissues because of the presence of somatic mutations that accumulate during tumorigenesis. Some nonsynonymous mutations can give rise to mutated peptide antigens (hereafter referred to as neoantigens) that can be specifically recognized by T cells. Thus, the immunological targeting of neoantigens represents a safe and promising strategy to treat patients with cancer. This article reviews the clinical application of adoptive cell therapy targeting neoantigens in patients with epithelial cancers.
Collapse
|
19
|
Diaz-Cano I, Paz-Ares L, Otano I. Adoptive tumor infiltrating lymphocyte transfer as personalized immunotherapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 370:163-192. [PMID: 35798505 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and, despite new targeted therapies and immunotherapies, a large group of patients fail to respond to therapy or progress after initial response, which brings the need for additional treatment options. Manipulating the immune system using a variety of approaches has been explored for the past years with successful results. Sustained progress has been made to understand the T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses counteracting the tumorigenesis process. The T-lymphocyte pool, especially its capacity for antigen-directed cytotoxicity, has become a central focus for engaging the immune system in defeating cancer. The adoptive cell transfer of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has been used in humans for over 30 years to treat metastatic melanoma. In this review, we provide a brief history of ACT-TIL and discuss the current state of ACT-TIL clinical development in solid tumors. We also discuss how key advances in understanding genetic intratumor heterogeneity, to accurately identify neoantigens, and new strategies designed to overcome T-cell exhaustion and tumor immunosuppression have improved the efficacy of the TIL-therapy infusion. Characteristics of the TIL products will be discussed, as well as new strategies, including the selective expansion of specific fractions from the cell product or the genetic manipulation of T cells for improving the in-vivo survival and functionality. In summary, this review outlines the potential of ACT-TIL as a personalized approach for epithelial tumors and continued discoveries are making it increasingly more effective against other types of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Diaz-Cano
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre/Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre/Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Medicine and Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Otano
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre/Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Arnaud M, Chiffelle J, Genolet R, Navarro Rodrigo B, Perez MAS, Huber F, Magnin M, Nguyen-Ngoc T, Guillaume P, Baumgaertner P, Chong C, Stevenson BJ, Gfeller D, Irving M, Speiser DE, Schmidt J, Zoete V, Kandalaft LE, Bassani-Sternberg M, Bobisse S, Coukos G, Harari A. Sensitive identification of neoantigens and cognate TCRs in human solid tumors. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:656-660. [PMID: 34782741 PMCID: PMC9110298 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-01072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The identification of patient-specific tumor antigens is complicated by the low frequency of T cells specific for each tumor antigen. Here we describe NeoScreen, a method that enables the sensitive identification of rare tumor (neo)antigens and of cognate T cell receptors (TCRs) expressed by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. T cells transduced with tumor antigen-specific TCRs identified by NeoScreen mediate regression of established tumors in patient-derived xenograft mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Arnaud
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Chiffelle
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Genolet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Blanca Navarro Rodrigo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta A S Perez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Huber
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Magnin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tu Nguyen-Ngoc
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Guillaume
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra Baumgaertner
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chloe Chong
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brian J Stevenson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Gfeller
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Schmidt
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bobisse
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cerqueira OLD, Antunes F, Assis NG, Cardoso EC, Clavijo-Salomón MA, Domingues AC, Tessarollo NG, Strauss BE. Perspectives for Combining Viral Oncolysis With Additional Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Melanoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:777775. [PMID: 35495634 PMCID: PMC9048901 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.777775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer with steadily increasing incidence worldwide during the last few decades. In addition to its tumor associated antigens (TAAs), melanoma has a high mutation rate compared to other tumors, which promotes the appearance of tumor specific antigens (TSAs) as well as increased lymphocytic infiltration, inviting the use of therapeutic tools that evoke new or restore pre-existing immune responses. Innovative therapeutic proposals, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have emerged as effective options for melanoma. However, a significant portion of these patients relapse and become refractory to treatment. Likewise, strategies using viral vectors, replicative or not, have garnered confidence and approval by different regulatory agencies around the world. It is possible that further success of immune therapies against melanoma will come from synergistic combinations of different approaches. In this review we outline molecular features inherent to melanoma and how this supports the use of viral oncolysis and immunotherapies when used as monotherapies or in combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otto Luiz Dutra Cerqueira
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Antunes
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadine G Assis
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Cardoso
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A Clavijo-Salomón
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Domingues
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nayara G Tessarollo
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Bryan E Strauss,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lang F, Schrörs B, Löwer M, Türeci Ö, Sahin U. Identification of neoantigens for individualized therapeutic cancer vaccines. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:261-282. [PMID: 35105974 PMCID: PMC7612664 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in cancer cells can generate tumour-specific neoepitopes, which are recognized by autologous T cells in the host. As neoepitopes are not subject to central immune tolerance and are not expressed in healthy tissues, they are attractive targets for therapeutic cancer vaccines. Because the vast majority of cancer mutations are unique to the individual patient, harnessing the full potential of this rich source of targets requires individualized treatment approaches. Many computational algorithms and machine-learning tools have been developed to identify mutations in sequence data, to prioritize those that are more likely to be recognized by T cells and to design tailored vaccines for every patient. In this Review, we fill the gaps between the understanding of basic mechanisms of T cell recognition of neoantigens and the computational approaches for discovery of somatic mutations and neoantigen prediction for cancer immunotherapy. We present a new classification of neoantigens, distinguishing between guarding, restrained and ignored neoantigens, based on how they confer proficient antitumour immunity in a given clinical context. Such context-based differentiation will contribute to a framework that connects neoantigen biology to the clinical setting and medical peculiarities of cancer, and will enable future neoantigen-based therapies to provide greater clinical benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lang
- TRON Translational Oncology, Mainz, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ugur Sahin
- BioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
- University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kalaora S, Nagler A, Wargo JA, Samuels Y. Mechanisms of immune activation and regulation: lessons from melanoma. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:195-207. [PMID: 35105962 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma, a skin cancer that develops from pigment cells, has been studied intensively, particularly in terms of the immune response to tumours, and has been used as a model for the development of immunotherapy. This is due, in part, to the high mutational burden observed in melanomas, which increases both their immunogenicity and the infiltration of immune cells into the tumours, compared with other types of cancers. The immune response to melanomas involves a complex set of components and interactions. As the tumour evolves, it accumulates an increasing number of genetic and epigenetic alterations, some of which contribute to the immunogenicity of the tumour cells and the infiltration of immune cells. However, tumour evolution also enables the development of resistance mechanisms, which, in turn, lead to tumour immune escape. Understanding the interactions between melanoma tumour cells and the immune system, and the evolving changes within the melanoma tumour cells, the immune system and the microenvironment, is essential for the development of new cancer therapies. However, current research suggests that other extrinsic factors, such as the microbiome, may play a role in the immune response to melanomas. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying the immune response in the tumour and discuss recent advances as well as strategies for treatment development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Kalaora
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Nagler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dai X, Li J, Chen Y, Ostrikov KK. When Onco-Immunotherapy Meets Cold Atmospheric Plasma: Implications on CAR-T Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837995. [PMID: 35280746 PMCID: PMC8905244 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) have demonstrated its widespread efficacy as a targeted immunotherapeutic modality. Yet, concerns on its specificity, efficacy and generalization prevented it from being established into a first-line approach against cancers. By reviewing challenges limiting its clinical application, ongoing efforts trying to resolve them, and opportunities that emerging oncotherapeutic modalities may bring to temper these challenges, we conclude that careful CAR design should be done to avoid the off-tumor effect, enhance the efficacy of solid tumor treatment, improve product comparability, and resolve problems such as differential efficacies of co-stimulatory molecules, cytokine storm, tumor lysis syndrome, myelosuppression and severe hepatotoxicity. As a promising solution, we propose potential synergies between CAR-T therapies and cold atmospheric plasma, an emerging onco-therapeutic strategy relying on reactive species, towards improved therapeutic efficacies and enhanced safety that deserve extensive investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,CAPsoul Biotechnology Company, Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jitian Li
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Provincial Orthopedic Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
A decade of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy in melanoma: understanding the molecular basis for immune sensitivity and resistance. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:660-670. [PMID: 35241833 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ten years since the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab was approved for advanced melanoma, it is time to reflect on the lessons learned regarding modulation of the immune system to treat cancer and on novel approaches to further extend the efficacy of current and emerging immunotherapies. Here, we review the studies that led to our current understanding of the melanoma immune microenvironment in humans and the mechanistic work supporting these observations. We discuss how this information is guiding more precise analyses of the mechanisms of action of immune checkpoint blockade and novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Lastly, we review emerging evidence supporting the negative impact of melanoma metabolic adaptation on anti-tumor immunity and discuss how to counteract such mechanisms for more successful use of immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
26
|
Terada K, Kondo K, Ishigaki H, Nagashima A, Satooka H, Nagano S, Masuda K, Kawamura T, Hirata T, Ogasawara K, Itoh Y, Kawamoto H, Agata Y. Isolation of TCR genes with tumor-killing activity from tumor-infiltrating and circulating lymphocytes in a tumor rejection cynomolgus macaque model. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:77-86. [PMID: 35024435 PMCID: PMC8717465 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop effective adoptive cell transfer therapy using T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells, it is critical to isolate tumor-reactive TCRs that have potent anti-tumor activity. In humans, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been reported to contain CD8+PD-1+ T cells that express tumor-reactive TCRs. Characterization of tumor reactivity of TILs from non-human primate tumors could improve anti-tumor activity of TCR-engineered T cells in preclinical research. In this study, we sought to isolate TCR genes from CD8+PD-1+ T cells among TILs in a cynomolgus macaque model of tumor transplantation in which the tumors were infiltrated with CD8+ T cells and were eventually rejected. We analyzed the repertoire of TCRα and β pairs obtained from single CD8+PD-1+ T cells in TILs and circulating lymphocytes and identified multiple TCR pairs with high frequency, suggesting that T cells expressing these recurrent TCRs were clonally expanded in response to tumor cells. We further showed that the recurrent TCRs exhibited cytotoxic activity to tumor cells in vitro and potent anti-tumor activity in mice transplanted with tumor cells. These results imply that this tumor transplantation macaque model recapitulates key features of human TILs and can serve as a platform toward preclinical studies of non-human primate tumor models.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zur RT, Adler G, Shamalov K, Tal Y, Ankri C, Cohen CJ. Adoptive T-cell Immunotherapy: Perfecting Self-Defenses. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 113:253-294. [PMID: 35165867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91311-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As an important part of the immune system, T lymphocytes exhibit undoubtedly an important role in targeting and eradicating cancer. However, despite these characteristics, their natural antitumor response may be insufficient. Numerous clinical trials in terminally ill cancer patients testing the design of novel and efficient immunotherapeutic approaches based on the adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-specific T lymphocytes have shown encouraging results. Moreover, this also led to the approval of engineered T-cell therapies in patients. Herein, we will expand on the development and the use of such strategies using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or genetically engineered T-cells. We will also comment on the requirements and potential hurdles encountered when elaborating and implementing such treatments as well as the exciting prospects for this kind of emerging personalized medicine therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Toledano Zur
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Galit Adler
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Katerina Shamalov
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yair Tal
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Chen Ankri
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Cyrille J Cohen
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gartner JJ, Parkhurst MR, Gros A, Tran E, Jafferji MS, Copeland A, Hanada KI, Zacharakis N, Lalani A, Krishna S, Sachs A, Prickett TD, Li YF, Florentin M, Kivitz S, Chatmon SC, Rosenberg SA, Robbins PF. A machine learning model for ranking candidate HLA class I neoantigens based on known neoepitopes from multiple human tumor types. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:563-574. [PMID: 34927080 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor neoepitopes presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I are recognized by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and are targeted by adoptive T-cell therapies. Identifying which mutant neoepitopes from tumor cells are capable of recognition by T cells can assist in the development of tumor-specific, cell-based therapies and can shed light on antitumor responses. Here, we generate a ranking algorithm for class I candidate neoepitopes by using next-generation sequencing data and a dataset of 185 neoepitopes that are recognized by HLA class I-restricted TIL from individuals with metastatic cancer. Random forest model analysis showed that the inclusion of multiple factors impacting epitope presentation and recognition increased output sensitivity and specificity compared to the use of predicted HLA binding alone. The ranking score output provides a set of class I candidate neoantigens that may serve as therapeutic targets and provides a tool to facilitate in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at the development of more effective immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria R Parkhurst
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alena Gros
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Cellex Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Tran
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Amy Copeland
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Hanada
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nikolaos Zacharakis
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Almin Lalani
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sri Krishna
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abraham Sachs
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Todd D Prickett
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yong F Li
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Florentin
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott Kivitz
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samuel C Chatmon
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul F Robbins
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kristensen NP, Heeke C, Tvingsholm SA, Borch A, Draghi A, Crowther MD, Carri I, Munk KK, Holm JS, Bjerregaard AM, Bentzen AK, Marquard AM, Szallasi Z, McGranahan N, Andersen R, Nielsen M, Jönsson GB, Donia M, Svane IM, Hadrup SR. Neoantigen-reactive CD8+ T cells affect clinical outcome of adoptive transfer with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in melanoma. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:150535. [PMID: 34813506 PMCID: PMC8759789 DOI: 10.1172/jci150535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoantigen-driven recognition and T cell-mediated killing contribute to tumor clearance following adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs). Yet, how diversity, frequency, and persistence of expanded neoepitope-specific CD8+ T cells derived from TIL infusion products affect patient outcome is not fully determined. METHODS Using barcoded pMHC multimers, we provide a comprehensive mapping of CD8+ T cells recognizing neoepitopes in TIL infusion products and blood samples from 26 metastatic mela-noma patients who received ACT. RESULTS We identified 106 neoepitopes within TIL infusion products corresponding to 1.8% of all predicted neoepitopes. We observed neoepitope-specific recognition to be virtually devoid in TIL infusion products given to patients with progressive disease outcome. Moreover, we found that the frequency of neoepitope-specific CD8+ T cells in TIL infusion products correlated with in-creased survival, and that detection of engrafted CD8+ T cells in post-treatment (i.e. originating from the TIL infusion product) were unique to responders of TIL-ACT. Finally, we found that a transcriptional signature for lymphocyte activity within the tumor microenvironment was associated with a higher frequency of neoepitope-specific CD8+ T cells in the infusion product. CONCLUSIONS These data support previous case studies of neoepitope-specific CD8+ T cells in melanoma, and indicate that successful TIL-ACT is associated with an expansion of neoepitope-specific CD8+ T cells. FUNDING NEYE Foundation; European Research Council; Lundbeck Foundation Fellowship; Carlsberg Foundation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Pagh Kristensen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christina Heeke
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Siri A Tvingsholm
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Annie Borch
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arianna Draghi
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Ibel Carri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kamilla K Munk
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Sejerø Holm
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Bjerregaard
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Amalie Kai Bentzen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrea M Marquard
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Rikke Andersen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Göran B Jönsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marco Donia
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sine Reker Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhu Y, Qian Y, Li Z, Li Y, Li B. Neoantigen-reactive T cell: An emerging role in adoptive cellular immunotherapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:207-220. [PMID: 34766142 PMCID: PMC8491202 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cellular immunotherapy harnessing the intrinsic immune system for precise treatment has exhibited preliminary success against malignant tumors. As one of the emerging roles in adoptive cellular immunotherapy, neoantigen-reactive T cell (NRT) focuses on the antigens expressed only by tumor cells. It exclusively obliterates tumor and spares normal tissues, achieving more satisfying effects. However, the development of NRT immunotherapy remains in a relatively primitive stage. Current challenges include identification of NRTs and maintenance of adoptive cell efficacy in vivo. The possible side effects and other limitations of this treatment also hinder its application. Here, we present an overview of NRT immunotherapy and discuss the progress and challenges as well as the prospects in this promising field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Youkun Qian
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zhile Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Marks P, Witten C. Toward a new framework for the development of individualized therapies. Gene Ther 2021; 28:615-617. [PMID: 32242078 PMCID: PMC8598985 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-0143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Marks
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Celia Witten
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang Z, Ran L, Chen C, Shi R, Dong Y, Li Y, Zhou X, Qi Y, Zhu P, Gao Y, Wu Y. Identification of HLA-A2-Restricted Mutant Epitopes from Neoantigens of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101118. [PMID: 34696226 PMCID: PMC8541546 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), one of the deadliest gastrointestinal cancers, has had limited effective therapeutic strategies up to now. Accumulating evidence suggests that effective immunotherapy in cancer patients has been associated with T cells responsive to mutant peptides derived from neoantigens. Here, we selected 35 human leukocyte antigen-A2 (HLA-A2)-restricted mutant (MUT) peptides stemmed from neoantigens of ESCC. Among them, seven mutant peptides had potent binding affinity to HLA-A*0201 molecules and could form a stable peptide/HLA-A*0201 complex. Three mutant peptides (TP53-R267P, NFE2L2-D13N, and PCLO-E4090Q) of those were immunogenic and could induce the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognizing mutant peptides presented on transfected cells in an HLA-A2-restricted and MUT peptide-specific manner. In addition, the CTL response in immunized HLA-A2.1/Kb transgenic (Tg) mice was enhanced by coupling MUT peptides to peptide WH, a peptide delivery carrier targeting Clec9a+ DCs. Then, the possible binding model conversions between the WT and MUT candidate peptides were analyzed by docking with the pockets of HLA-A*0201 molecule. We therefore propose a novel strategy and epitopes for immunotherapy of ESCC based on neoantigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.W.); (L.R.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (P.Z.)
| | - Ling Ran
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.W.); (L.R.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (P.Z.)
| | - Chunxia Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.W.); (L.R.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (P.Z.)
| | - Ranran Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.W.); (L.R.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (P.Z.)
| | - Yu Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.W.); (L.R.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (P.Z.)
| | - Yubing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.W.); (L.R.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (P.Z.)
| | - Xiuman Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.W.); (L.R.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (P.Z.)
| | - Yuanming Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.W.); (L.R.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (P.Z.)
- International Joint Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Drugs of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pingping Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.W.); (L.R.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (P.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510080, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (Y.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-371-6778-3235 (Y.W.)
| | - Yahong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.W.); (L.R.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (P.Z.)
- International Joint Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Drugs of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (Y.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-371-6778-3235 (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Verdon DJ, Jenkins MR. Identification and Targeting of Mutant Peptide Neoantigens in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4245. [PMID: 34439399 PMCID: PMC8391927 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, adoptive cell transfer and checkpoint blockade therapies have revolutionized immunotherapeutic approaches to cancer treatment. Advances in whole exome/genome sequencing and bioinformatic detection of tumour-specific genetic variations and the amino acid sequence alterations they induce have revealed that T cell mediated anti-tumour immunity is substantially directed at mutated peptide sequences, and the identification and therapeutic targeting of patient-specific mutated peptide antigens now represents an exciting and rapidly progressing frontier of personalized medicine in the treatment of cancer. This review outlines the historical identification and validation of mutated peptide neoantigens as a target of the immune system, and the technical development of bioinformatic and experimental strategies for detecting, confirming and prioritizing both patient-specific or "private" and frequently occurring, shared "public" neoantigenic targets. Further, we examine the range of therapeutic modalities that have demonstrated preclinical and clinical anti-tumour efficacy through specifically targeting neoantigens, including adoptive T cell transfer, checkpoint blockade and neoantigen vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Verdon
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Misty R. Jenkins
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Seitter SJ, Sherry RM, Yang JC, Robbins PF, Shindorf ML, Copeland AR, McGowan CT, Epstein M, Shelton TE, Langhan MM, Franco Z, Danforth DN, White DE, Rosenberg SA, Goff SL. Impact of Prior Treatment on the Efficacy of Adoptive Transfer of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5289-5298. [PMID: 34413159 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can mediate durable responses in patients with metastatic melanoma. This retrospective analysis provides long-term follow-up and describes the effect of prior therapy on outcomes after ACT-TIL. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with metastatic melanoma underwent surgical resection of a tumor for generation of TILs and were treated with a lymphodepleting preparative regimen followed by adoptive transfer of TILs and intravenous IL2. Clinical characteristics of enrolled patients and treatment characteristics of TIL infusion products over two decades of ACT were analyzed to identify predictors of objective response. RESULTS Adoptive transfer of TILs mediated an objective response rate of 56% (108/192) and median melanoma-specific survival of 28.5 months in patients naïve to anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) therapy compared with 24% (8/34) and 11.6 months in patients refractory to anti-PD-1 (aPD-1). Among patients with BRAF V600E/K-mutated disease, prior treatment with targeted molecular therapy was also associated with a decreased response rate (21% vs. 60%) and decreased survival (9.3 vs. 50.7 months) when compared with those patients naïve to targeted therapy. With a median potential follow-up of 89 months, 46 of 48 complete responders in the aPD-1-naïve cohort have ongoing responses after a single treatment and 10-year melanoma-specific survival of 96%. CONCLUSIONS Patients previously treated with PD-1 or MAPK inhibition are significantly less likely to develop durable objective responses to ACT-TIL. While ACT-TIL is currently being investigated for treatment-refractory patients, it should also be considered as an initial treatment option for eligible patients with metastatic melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Seitter
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard M Sherry
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James C Yang
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul F Robbins
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mackenzie L Shindorf
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amy R Copeland
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christine T McGowan
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Monica Epstein
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas E Shelton
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michelle M Langhan
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zulmarie Franco
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David N Danforth
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Donald E White
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephanie L Goff
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Arnaud M, Bobisse S, Chiffelle J, Harari A. The Promise of Personalized TCR-Based Cellular Immunotherapy for Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701636. [PMID: 34394096 PMCID: PMC8363295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation-derived neoantigens are now established as attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. The field of adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) therapy was significantly reshaped by tumor neoantigens and is now moving towards the genetic engineering of T cells with neoantigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs). Yet, the identification of neoantigen-reactive TCRs remains challenging and the process needs to be adapted to clinical timelines. In addition, the state of recipient T cells for TCR transduction is critical and can affect TCR-ACT efficacy. Here we provide an overview of the main strategies for TCR-engineering, describe the selection and expansion of optimal carrier cells for TCR-ACT and discuss the next-generation methods for rapid identification of relevant TCR candidates for gene transfer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Arnaud
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bobisse
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Chiffelle
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pasetto A, Lu YC. Single-Cell TCR and Transcriptome Analysis: An Indispensable Tool for Studying T-Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689091. [PMID: 34163487 PMCID: PMC8215674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells have been known to be the driving force for immune response and cancer immunotherapy. Recent advances on single-cell sequencing techniques have empowered scientists to discover new biology at the single-cell level. Here, we review the single-cell techniques used for T-cell studies, including T-cell receptor (TCR) and transcriptome analysis. In addition, we summarize the approaches used for the identification of T-cell neoantigens, an important aspect for T-cell mediated cancer immunotherapy. More importantly, we discuss the applications of single-cell techniques for T-cell studies, including T-cell development and differentiation, as well as the role of T cells in autoimmunity, infectious disease and cancer immunotherapy. Taken together, this powerful tool not only can validate previous observation by conventional approaches, but also can pave the way for new discovery, such as previous unidentified T-cell subpopulations that potentially responsible for clinical outcomes in patients with autoimmunity or cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pasetto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, ANA FUTURA, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yong-Chen Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kumar A, Watkins R, Vilgelm AE. Cell Therapy With TILs: Training and Taming T Cells to Fight Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690499. [PMID: 34140957 PMCID: PMC8204054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The rationale behind cancer immunotherapy is based on the unequivocal demonstration that the immune system plays an important role in limiting cancer initiation and progression. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a form of cancer immunotherapy that utilizes a patient’s own immune cells to find and eliminate tumor cells, however, donor immune cells can also be employed in some cases. Here, we focus on T lymphocyte (T cell)-based cancer immunotherapies that have gained significant attention after initial discoveries that graft-versus-tumor responses were mediated by T cells. Accumulating knowledge of T cell development and function coupled with advancements in genetics and data science has enabled the use of a patient’s own (autologous) T cells for ACT (TIL ACTs). In TIL ACT, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are collected from resected tumor material, enhanced and expanded ex-vivo, and delivered back to the patient as therapeutic agents. ACT with TILs has been shown to cause objective tumor regression in several types of cancers including melanoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma. In this review, we provide a brief history of TIL ACT and discuss the current state of TIL ACT clinical development in solid tumors. We also discuss the niche of TIL ACT in the current cancer therapy landscape and potential strategies for patient selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Reese Watkins
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anna E Vilgelm
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mills JK, Henderson MA, Giuffrida L, Petrone P, Westwood JA, Darcy PK, Neeson PJ, Kershaw MH, Gyorki DE. Generating CAR T cells from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2021; 9:25151355211017119. [PMID: 34159293 PMCID: PMC8186112 DOI: 10.1177/25151355211017119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have demonstrated promising, though limited, efficacy against melanoma. Methods: We designed a model system to explore the efficacy of dual specific T cells derived from melanoma patient TILs by transduction with a Her2-specific CAR. Results: Metastatic melanoma cells in our biobank constitutively expressed Her2 antigen. CAR-TIL produced greater amounts of IFN compared with parental TIL, when co-cultured with Her2 expressing tumor lines, including autologous melanoma tumor lines, although no consistent increase in cytotoxicity by TIL was afforded by expression of a CAR. Results of an in vivo study in NSG mice demonstrated tumor shrinkage when CAR-TILs were used in an adoptive cell therapy protocol. Conclusion: Potential limitations of transduced TIL in our study included limited proliferative potential and a terminally differentiated phenotype, which would need addressing in further work before consideration of clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane K Mills
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa A Henderson
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lauren Giuffrida
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pasquale Petrone
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Westwood
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Phillip K Darcy
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul J Neeson
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael H Kershaw
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David E Gyorki
- Department of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Saberian C, Amaria RN, Najjar AM, Radvanyi LG, Haymaker CL, Forget MA, Bassett RL, Faria SC, Glitza IC, Alvarez E, Parshottam S, Prieto V, Lizée G, Wong MK, McQuade JL, Diab A, Yee C, Tawbi HA, Patel S, Shpall EJ, Davies MA, Hwu P, Bernatchez C. Randomized phase II trial of lymphodepletion plus adoptive cell transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, with or without dendritic cell vaccination, in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002449. [PMID: 34021033 PMCID: PMC8144048 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has demonstrated robust efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients. Tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) are believed to optimally activate antigen-specific T lymphocytes. We hypothesized that the combined transfer of TIL, containing a melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART-1) specific population, with MART-1-pulsed DC will result in enhanced proliferation and prolonged survival of transferred MART-1 specific T cells in vivo ultimately leading to improved clinical responses. DESIGN We tested the combination of TIL and DC in a phase II clinical trial of patients with advanced stage IV melanoma. HLA-A0201 patients whose early TIL cultures demonstrated reactivity to MART-1 peptide were randomly assigned to receive TIL alone or TIL +DC pulsed with MART-1 peptide. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the persistence of MART-1 TIL in the two arms. Secondary endpoints were to evaluate clinical response and survival. RESULTS Ten patients were given TIL alone while eight patients received TIL+DC vaccine. Infused MART-1 reactive CD8+ TIL were tracked in the blood over time by flow cytometry and results show good persistence in both arms, with no difference in the persistence of MART-1 between the two arms. The objective response rate was 30% (3/10) in the TIL arm and 50% (4/8) in the TIL+DC arm. All treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS The combination of TIL +DC showed no difference in the persistence of MART-1 TIL compared with TIL therapy alone. Although more patients showed a clinical response to TIL+DC therapy, this study was not powered to resolve differences between groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00338377.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Saberian
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amer M Najjar
- Department of Pediatrics - Research, Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laszlo G Radvanyi
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cara L Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roland L Bassett
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Silvana C Faria
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Isabella C Glitza
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Enrique Alvarez
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sapna Parshottam
- Department of Biologics Development, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Victor Prieto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory Lizée
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael K Wong
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer L McQuade
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Adi Diab
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cassian Yee
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hussein A Tawbi
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sapna Patel
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Melanoma Medical Onoclogy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA .,Department of Biologics Development, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a singularly important determinant of survival in most cancers. Historically, radiation therapy (RT) directed at a primary tumor mass was associated infrequently with remission of metastasis outside the field of irradiation. This away-from-target or "abscopal effect" received fringe attention because of its rarity. With the advent of immunotherapy, there are now increasing reports of abscopal effects upon RT in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition. This sparked investigation into underlying mechanisms and clinical trials aimed at enhancement of this effect. While these studies clearly attribute the abscopal effect to an antitumor immune response, the initial molecular triggers for its onset and specificity remain enigmatic. Here, we propose that DNA damage-induced inflammation coupled with neoantigen generation is essential during this intriguing phenomenon of systemic tumor regression and discuss the implications of this model for treatment aimed at triggering the abscopal effect in metastatic cancer.
Collapse
|
41
|
Morotti M, Albukhari A, Alsaadi A, Artibani M, Brenton JD, Curbishley SM, Dong T, Dustin ML, Hu Z, McGranahan N, Miller ML, Santana-Gonzalez L, Seymour LW, Shi T, Van Loo P, Yau C, White H, Wietek N, Church DN, Wedge DC, Ahmed AA. Promises and challenges of adoptive T-cell therapies for solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1759-1776. [PMID: 33782566 PMCID: PMC8144577 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and, despite new targeted therapies and immunotherapies, many patients with advanced-stage- or high-risk cancers still die, owing to metastatic disease. Adoptive T-cell therapy, involving the autologous or allogeneic transplant of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes or genetically modified T cells expressing novel T-cell receptors or chimeric antigen receptors, has shown promise in the treatment of cancer patients, leading to durable responses and, in some cases, cure. Technological advances in genomics, computational biology, immunology and cell manufacturing have brought the aspiration of individualised therapies for cancer patients closer to reality. This new era of cell-based individualised therapeutics challenges the traditional standards of therapeutic interventions and provides opportunities for a paradigm shift in our approach to cancer therapy. Invited speakers at a 2020 symposium discussed three areas-cancer genomics, cancer immunology and cell-therapy manufacturing-that are essential to the effective translation of T-cell therapies in the treatment of solid malignancies. Key advances have been made in understanding genetic intratumour heterogeneity, and strategies to accurately identify neoantigens, overcome T-cell exhaustion and circumvent tumour immunosuppression after cell-therapy infusion are being developed. Advances are being made in cell-manufacturing approaches that have the potential to establish cell-therapies as credible therapeutic options. T-cell therapies face many challenges but hold great promise for improving clinical outcomes for patients with solid tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Morotti
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ashwag Albukhari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq Alsaadi
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mara Artibani
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James D Brenton
- Functional Genomics of Ovarian Cancer Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stuart M Curbishley
- Advanced Therapies Facility and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tao Dong
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Martin L Miller
- Cancer System Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Santana-Gonzalez
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leonard W Seymour
- Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tingyan Shi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Van Loo
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Christopher Yau
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Helen White
- Patient Representative, Endometrial Cancer Genomics England Clinical Interpretation Partnership (GeCIP) Domain, London, UK
| | - Nina Wietek
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David N Church
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
| | - David C Wedge
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ahmed A Ahmed
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dunn GP, Cloughesy TF, Maus MV, Prins RM, Reardon DA, Sonabend AM. Emerging immunotherapies for malignant glioma: from immunogenomics to cell therapy. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1425-1438. [PMID: 32615600 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As immunotherapy assumes a central role in the management of many cancers, ongoing work is directed at understanding whether immune-based treatments will be successful in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Despite several large studies conducted in the last several years, there remain no FDA-approved immunotherapies in this patient population. Nevertheless, there are a range of exciting new approaches being applied to GBM, all of which may not only allow us to develop new treatments but also help us understand fundamental features of the immune response in the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize new developments in the application of immune checkpoint blockade, from biomarker-driven patient selection to the timing of treatment. Moreover, we summarize novel work in personalized immune-oncology by reviewing work in cancer immunogenomics-driven neoantigen vaccine studies. Finally, we discuss cell therapy efforts by reviewing the current state of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.,Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert M Prins
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
| | - David A Reardon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tessarollo NG, Domingues ACM, Antunes F, da Luz JCDS, Rodrigues OA, Cerqueira OLD, Strauss BE. Nonreplicating Adenoviral Vectors: Improving Tropism and Delivery of Cancer Gene Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1863. [PMID: 33919679 PMCID: PMC8069790 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent preclinical and clinical studies have used viral vectors in gene therapy research, especially nonreplicating adenovirus encoding strategic therapeutic genes for cancer treatment. Adenoviruses were the first DNA viruses to go into therapeutic development, mainly due to well-known biological features: stability in vivo, ease of manufacture, and efficient gene delivery to dividing and nondividing cells. However, there are some limitations for gene therapy using adenoviral vectors, such as nonspecific transduction of normal cells and liver sequestration and neutralization by antibodies, especially when administered systemically. On the other hand, adenoviral vectors are amenable to strategies for the modification of their biological structures, including genetic manipulation of viral proteins, pseudotyping, and conjugation with polymers or biological membranes. Such modifications provide greater specificity to the target cell and better safety in systemic administration; thus, a reduction of antiviral host responses would favor the use of adenoviral vectors in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we describe the structural and molecular features of nonreplicating adenoviral vectors, the current limitations to their use, and strategies to modify adenoviral tropism, highlighting the approaches that may allow for the systemic administration of gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bryan E. Strauss
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo/LIM24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (N.G.T.); (A.C.M.D.); (F.A.); (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (O.A.R.); (O.L.D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Shetty K, Ott PA. Personal Neoantigen Vaccines for the Treatment of Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-060820-111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines can generate and amplify tumor-specific T cell responses with the promise to provide long-term control of cancer. All cancer cells harbor genetic alterations encoding neoantigens that are specific to the tumor and not present in normal tissue. Similar to foreign antigens targeted by T cells in infectious disease settings, neoantigens represent the long elusive immunogens for cancer vaccination. Since the vast majority of mutations are unique to individual tumors, neoantigen vaccines require custom design for each patient. The availability of rapid and cost-effective genome sequencing, along with advanced bioinformatics tools, now allows neoantigen-target discovery and vaccine manufacturing in sufficient time for the treatment of cancer patients. Clinical trials in melanoma and glioblastoma have demonstrated the feasibility, immunogenicity, and signals of efficacy of this personalized immunotherapy approach. Key unresolved areas include identification of the most effective vaccine delivery platforms, validation and consensus of neoantigen target selection, and optimal strategies for partnering immunotherapies. Given the universal presence of mutations in cancer and the patient-tailored paradigm, personalized neoantigen vaccines have potential applicability for all cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keerthi Shetty
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Patrick A. Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jiménez-Reinoso A, Nehme-Álvarez D, Domínguez-Alonso C, Álvarez-Vallina L. Synthetic TILs: Engineered Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes With Improved Therapeutic Potential. Front Oncol 2021; 10:593848. [PMID: 33680923 PMCID: PMC7928359 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.593848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective and life-changing approach for several types of cancers, both liquid and solid tumors. In combination with traditional treatments such as radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, immune checkpoints inhibitors have improved prognosis and overall survival of patients with advanced melanoma and many other cancers. Among adoptive cell therapies (ACT), while chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in some hematologic malignancies, such as B cell leukemias, their success in solid tumors remains scarce due to the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. On the other hand, ACT using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is arguably the most effective treatment for metastatic melanoma patients, but even if their isolation has been achieved in epithelial tumors, their success beyond melanoma remains limited. Here, we review several aspects impacting TIL- and gene-modified “synthetic” TIL-based therapies and discuss future challenges that must be addressed with these approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Jiménez-Reinoso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Nehme-Álvarez
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Domínguez-Alonso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jones HF, Molvi Z, Klatt MG, Dao T, Scheinberg DA. Empirical and Rational Design of T Cell Receptor-Based Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2021; 11:585385. [PMID: 33569049 PMCID: PMC7868419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of T cells reactive with intracellular tumor-associated or tumor-specific antigens has been a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapies in the past three decades, but the approach has been constrained by a limited understanding of the T cell receptor's (TCR) complex functions and specificities. Newer TCR and T cell-based approaches are in development, including engineered adoptive T cells with enhanced TCR affinities, TCR mimic antibodies, and T cell-redirecting bispecific agents. These new therapeutic modalities are exciting opportunities by which TCR recognition can be further exploited for therapeutic benefit. In this review we summarize the development of TCR-based therapeutic strategies and focus on balancing efficacy and potency versus specificity, and hence, possible toxicity, of these powerful therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather F. Jones
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zaki Molvi
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Martin G. Klatt
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tao Dao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Personalized neoantigen pulsed dendritic cell vaccine for advanced lung cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:26. [PMID: 33473101 PMCID: PMC7817684 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoantigens are considered to be ultimate target of tumor immunotherapy due to their high tumor specificity and immunogenicity. Dendritic cell (DCs) vaccines based on neoantigens have exciting effects in treatment of some malignant tumors and are a promising therapeutic modality. Lung cancer is a lethal disease with the highest morbidity and mortality rate in the world. Despite the rapid development of targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors for lung cancer in recent years, their efficacy is still unsatisfactory overall. Therefore, there is an urgent unmet clinical need for lung cancer treatment. Here, we attempted to treat lung cancer using a personalized neoantigen peptide-pulsed autologous DC vaccine and conducted a single-arm, 2 medical centers, pilot study initiated by the investigator (ChiCTR-ONC-16009100, NCT02956551). The patients enrolled were patients with heavily treated metastatic lung cancer. Candidate neoantigens were derived from whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing of fresh biopsy tissues as well as bioinformatics analysis. A total of 12 patients were enrolled in this study. A total of 85 vaccine treatments were administered with a median value of 5 doses/person (range: 3-14 doses/person). In total, 12-30 peptide-based neoantigens were selected for each patient. All treatment-related adverse events were grade 1-2 and there were no delays in dosing due to toxic effects. The objective effectiveness rate was 25%; the disease control rate was 75%; the median progression-free survival was 5.5 months and the median overall survival was 7.9 months. This study provides new evidence for neoantigen vaccine therapy and new therapeutic opportunities for lung cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
48
|
Bai P, Li Y, Zhou Q, Xia J, Wei PC, Deng H, Wu M, Chan SK, Kappler JW, Zhou Y, Tran E, Marrack P, Yin L. Immune-based mutation classification enables neoantigen prioritization and immune feature discovery in cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1868130. [PMID: 33537173 PMCID: PMC7833777 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1868130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations lead to the production of mutated proteins from which peptides are presented to T cells as cancer neoantigens. Evidence suggests that T cells that target neoantigens are the main mediators of effective cancer immunotherapies. Although algorithms have been used to predict neoantigens, only a minority are immunogenic. The factors that influence neoantigen immunogenicity are not completely understood. Here, we classified human neoantigen/neopeptide data into three categories based on their TCR-pMHC binding events. We observed a conservative mutant orientation of the anchor residue from immunogenic neoantigens which we termed the “NP” rule. By integrating this rule with an existing prediction algorithm, we found improved performance in neoantigen prioritization. To better understand this rule, we solved several neoantigen/MHC structures. These structures showed that neoantigens that follow this rule not only increase peptide-MHC binding affinity but also create new TCR-binding features. These molecular insights highlight the value of immune-based classification in neoantigen studies and may enable the design of more effective cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Wei
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Hexiang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Ministry of Education, the Institute for Advanced Studies, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanny K Chan
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, USA.,Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - John W Kappler
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA.,Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA.,Structural Biology and Biochemistry Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Eric Tran
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, USA
| | - Philippa Marrack
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Krishna S, Lowery FJ, Copeland AR, Bahadiroglu E, Mukherjee R, Jia L, Anibal JT, Sachs A, Adebola SO, Gurusamy D, Yu Z, Hill V, Gartner JJ, Li YF, Parkhurst M, Paria B, Kvistborg P, Kelly MC, Goff SL, Altan-Bonnet G, Robbins PF, Rosenberg SA. Stem-like CD8 T cells mediate response of adoptive cell immunotherapy against human cancer. Science 2020; 370:1328-1334. [PMID: 33303615 PMCID: PMC8883579 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb9847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) using ex vivo-expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate complete regression of certain human cancers. The impact of TIL phenotypes on clinical success of TIL-ACT is currently unclear. Using high-dimensional analysis of human ACT products, we identified a memory-progenitor CD39-negative stem-like phenotype (CD39-CD69-) associated with complete cancer regression and TIL persistence and a terminally differentiated CD39-positive state (CD39+CD69+) associated with poor TIL persistence. Most antitumor neoantigen-reactive TILs were found in the differentiated CD39+ state. However, ACT responders retained a pool of CD39- stem-like neoantigen-specific TILs that was lacking in ACT nonresponders. Tumor-reactive stem-like TILs were capable of self-renewal, expansion, persistence, and superior antitumor response in vivo. These data suggest that TIL subsets mediating ACT response are distinct from TIL subsets enriched for antitumor reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Krishna
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Frank J Lowery
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy R Copeland
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Erol Bahadiroglu
- Immunodynamics Group, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ratnadeep Mukherjee
- Immunodynamics Group, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Li Jia
- National Institutes of Health Library, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James T Anibal
- Immunodynamics Group, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abraham Sachs
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Serifat O Adebola
- Immunodynamics Group, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Devikala Gurusamy
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhiya Yu
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Victoria Hill
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yong F Li
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Parkhurst
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Biman Paria
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael C Kelly
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephanie L Goff
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grégoire Altan-Bonnet
- Immunodynamics Group, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul F Robbins
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Leko V, Rosenberg SA. Identifying and Targeting Human Tumor Antigens for T Cell-Based Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:454-472. [PMID: 32822573 PMCID: PMC7737225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer elimination in humans can be achieved with immunotherapy that relies on T lymphocyte-mediated recognition of tumor antigens. Several types of these antigens have been recognized based on their cellular origins and expression patterns, while their detection has been greatly facilitated by recent achievements in next-generation sequencing and immunopeptidomics. Some of them have been targeted in clinical trials with various immunotherapy approaches, while many others remain untested. Here, we discuss molecular identification of different tumor antigen types, and the clinical safety and efficacy of targeting them with immunotherapy. Additionally, we suggest strategies to increase the efficacy and availability of antigen-directed immunotherapies for treatment of patients with metastatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vid Leko
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10-CRC, Room 3-3942, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10-CRC, Room 3-3942, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|