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Li X, Li W, Xu L, Song Y. Chimeric antigen receptor-immune cells against solid tumors: Structures, mechanisms, recent advances, and future developments. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1285-1302. [PMID: 37640679 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapies has led to breakthroughs in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, their success in treating solid tumors has been limited. CAR-natural killer (NK) cells have several advantages over CAR-T cells because NK cells can be made from pre-existing cell lines or allogeneic NK cells with a mismatched major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which means they are more likely to become an "off-the-shelf" product. Moreover, they can kill cancer cells via CAR-dependent/independent pathways and have limited toxicity. Macrophages are the most malleable immune cells in the body. These cells can efficiently infiltrate into tumors and are present in large numbers in tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Importantly, CAR-macrophages (CAR-Ms) have recently yielded exciting preclinical results in several solid tumors. Nevertheless, CAR-T, CAR-NK, and CAR-M all have their own advantages and limitations. In this review, we systematically discuss the current status, progress, and the major hurdles of CAR-T cells, CAR-NK cells, and CAR-M as they relate to five aspects: CAR structure, therapeutic mechanisms, the latest research progress, current challenges and solutions, and comparison according to the existing research in order to provide a reasonable option for treating solid tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Linping Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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2
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Dash CP, Sonowal D, Dhaka P, Yadav R, Chettri D, Satapathy BP, Sheoran P, Uttam V, Jain M, Jain A. Antitumor activity of genetically engineered NK-cells in non-hematological solid tumor: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1390498. [PMID: 38694508 PMCID: PMC11061440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1390498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in genetic engineering have made it possible to modify Natural Killer (NK) cells to enhance their ability to fight against various cancers, including solid tumors. This comprehensive overview discusses the current status of genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor NK-cell therapies and their potential for treating solid tumors. We explore the inherent characteristics of NK cells and their role in immune regulation and tumor surveillance. Moreover, we examine the strategies used to genetically engineer NK cells in terms of efficacy, safety profile, and potential clinical applications. Our investigation suggests CAR-NK cells can effectively target and regress non-hematological malignancies, demonstrating enhanced antitumor efficacy. This implies excellent promise for treating tumors using genetically modified NK cells. Notably, NK cells exhibit low graft versus host disease (GvHD) potential and rarely induce significant toxicities, making them an ideal platform for CAR engineering. The adoptive transfer of allogeneic NK cells into patients further emphasizes the versatility of NK cells for various applications. We also address challenges and limitations associated with the clinical translation of genetically engineered NK-cell therapies, such as off-target effects, immune escape mechanisms, and manufacturing scalability. We provide strategies to overcome these obstacles through combination therapies and delivery optimization. Overall, we believe this review contributes to advancing NK-cell-based immunotherapy as a promising approach for cancer treatment by elucidating the underlying mechanisms, evaluating preclinical and clinical evidence, and addressing remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Priyadarsini Dash
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Dhruba Sonowal
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Prachi Dhaka
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Yadav
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Dewan Chettri
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Satapathy
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Sheoran
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Vivek Uttam
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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3
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de Jong D, Desperito E, Al Feghali KA, Dercle L, Seban RD, Das JP, Ma H, Sajan A, Braumuller B, Prendergast C, Liou C, Deng A, Roa T, Yeh R, Girard A, Salvatore MM, Capaccione KM. Advances in PET/CT Imaging for Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4537. [PMID: 37445572 PMCID: PMC10342839 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
One out of eight women will be affected by breast cancer during her lifetime. Imaging plays a key role in breast cancer detection and management, providing physicians with information about tumor location, heterogeneity, and dissemination. In this review, we describe the latest advances in PET/CT imaging of breast cancer, including novel applications of 18F-FDG PET/CT and the development and testing of new agents for primary and metastatic breast tumor imaging and therapy. Ultimately, these radiopharmaceuticals may guide personalized approaches to optimize treatment based on the patient's specific tumor profile, and may become a new standard of care. In addition, they may enhance the assessment of treatment efficacy and lead to improved outcomes for patients with a breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine de Jong
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Elise Desperito
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | | | - Laurent Dercle
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Romain-David Seban
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Institut Curie, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France;
- Laboratory of Translational Imaging in Oncology, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Institut Curie, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Jeeban P. Das
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.P.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Abin Sajan
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Brian Braumuller
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Conor Prendergast
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Connie Liou
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Aileen Deng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Novant Health, 170 Medical Park Road, Mooresville, NC 28117, USA;
| | - Tina Roa
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Randy Yeh
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.P.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Antoine Girard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Mary M. Salvatore
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Kathleen M. Capaccione
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
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Ahmadi SE, Shabannezhad A, Kahrizi A, Akbar A, Safdari SM, Hoseinnezhad T, Zahedi M, Sadeghi S, Mojarrad MG, Safa M. Tissue factor (coagulation factor III): a potential double-edge molecule to be targeted and re-targeted toward cancer. Biomark Res 2023; 11:60. [PMID: 37280670 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is a protein that plays a critical role in blood clotting, but recent research has also shown its involvement in cancer development and progression. Herein, we provide an overview of the structure of TF and its involvement in signaling pathways that promote cancer cell proliferation and survival, such as the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. TF overexpression is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in various cancers. The review also explores TF's role in promoting cancer cell metastasis, angiogenesis, and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Of note, various TF-targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and immunotherapies have been developed, and preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the efficacy of these therapies in various cancer types are now being evaluated. The potential for re-targeting TF toward cancer cells using TF-conjugated nanoparticles, which have shown promising results in preclinical studies is another intriguing approach in the path of cancer treatment. Although there are still many challenges, TF could possibly be a potential molecule to be used for further cancer therapy as some TF-targeted therapies like Seagen and Genmab's tisotumab vedotin have gained FDA approval for treatment of cervical cancer. Overall, based on the overviewed studies, this review article provides an in-depth overview of the crucial role that TF plays in cancer development and progression, and emphasizes the potential of TF-targeted and re-targeted therapies as potential approaches for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Departments of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Shabannezhad
- Departments of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Kahrizi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Armin Akbar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehrab Safdari
- Departments of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taraneh Hoseinnezhad
- Department of Hematolog, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zahedi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Sadeghi
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, London, UK
| | - Mahsa Golizadeh Mojarrad
- Shahid Beheshti Educational and Medical Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Departments of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ren Z, Xue Y, Liu L, Zhang X, Pei J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yu K. Tissue factor overexpression in triple-negative breast cancer promotes immune evasion by impeding T-cell infiltration and effector function. Cancer Lett 2023; 565:216221. [PMID: 37192729 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a most deadly human malignancy with limited response to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Tumor immunoenvironment plays an increasingly important role in therapy outcome. Tissue factor (TF) is the target of the FDA-approved ADC Tivdak. HuSC1-39 is the parent antibody of MRG004A, a clinical stage TF-ADC (NCT04843709). Here, we employed HuSC1-39 (termed "anti-TF") to investigate the role of TF in regulating immune-tolerance in TNBC. We found that patients with aberrant TF expression had a poor prognosis and low immune effector cell infiltration, characterizing as "cold tumor". In the 4T1 TNBC syngeneic mouse model, knockout of tumor cell TF inhibited tumor growth and increased tumor infiltration of effector T cell, which was not dependent on the clotting inhibition. In an immune-reconstituted M-NSG mouse model of TNBC, anti-TF inhibited tumor growth, which was further enhanced by a dual-targeting anti-TF&TGFβR fusion protein. There were diminished P-AKT and P-ERK signaling and profound tumor cell death in treated tumors. Transcriptome analyses and immunohistochemistry revealed a dramatically improved tumor immunoenvironment including the increase of effector T cells, decrease of Treg cells and the transformation of tumor into "hot tumor". Moreover, employing qPCR analysis and T cell culture, we further demonstrated that TF expression in tumor cells is sufficient to block the synthesis and secretion of T cell-recruiting chemokine CXCL9/10/11. Treatment of TF-high TNBC cells with anti-TF or TF-knockout all stimulated CXCL9/10/11 production, promoted T cell migration and effector function. Thus, we have identified a new mechanism of TF in TNBC tumor progression and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yinyin Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xuesai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinpeng Pei
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ker Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Xiao J, Zhang T, Gao F, Zhou Z, Shu G, Zou Y, Yin G. Natural Killer Cells: A Promising Kit in the Adoptive Cell Therapy Toolbox. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225657. [PMID: 36428748 PMCID: PMC9688567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important component of the innate immune system, natural killer (NK) cells have gained increasing attention in adoptive cell therapy for their safety and efficacious tumor-killing effect. Unlike T cells which rely on the interaction between TCRs and specific peptide-MHC complexes, NK cells are more prone to be served as "off-the-shelf" cell therapy products due to their rapid recognition and killing of tumor cells without MHC restriction. In recent years, constantly emerging sources of therapeutic NK cells have provided flexible options for cancer immunotherapy. Advanced genetic engineering techniques, especially chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modification, have yielded exciting effectiveness in enhancing NK cell specificity and cytotoxicity, improving in vivo persistence, and overcoming immunosuppressive factors derived from tumors. In this review, we highlight current advances in NK-based adoptive cell therapy, including alternative sources of NK cells for adoptive infusion, various CAR modifications that confer different targeting specificity to NK cells, multiple genetic engineering strategies to enhance NK cell function, as well as the latest clinical research on adoptive NK cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Xiao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Guang Shu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yizhou Zou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.Y.)
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.Y.)
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Li X, Cao D, Zheng X, Wang G, Liu M. Tissue factor as a new target for tumor therapy-killing two birds with one stone: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1250. [PMID: 36544632 PMCID: PMC9761121 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Cancer is an important disease and can occur anywhere in the body. It is caused by uncontrolled cell growth that spreads to other body parts. This study extensively investigated the transmembrane receptor tissue factor (TF), which is the key motivator of the clotting cascade and plays an essential role in cancer-associated coagulation. TF is considered to be aberrantly expressed in various tumors and appears to promote tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, this study was performed to explain the pathological characteristics of TF expression and to discuss future cancer therapies that target TF. Methods We extensively reviewed the literature on TF published in PubMed, and discussed the effect of TF on tumor progression and TF-targeted therapeutics. Key Content and Findings This review aimed to uncover how TFs contribute to tumor progression and cancer-associated thrombosis and summarize TF-based targeted therapy. Multiple functions and mechanisms of the TF in cancer-associated thrombosis and tumor progression were discussed. Conclusions The current literature has confirmed that the TF is involved in the hypercoagulable state of tumors and promotes malignant tumors through coagulation-dependent or non-coagulation-dependent pathways. TF-dependent signaling is also involved in divergent cancer progression. Thus, TF-targeted therapeutics could have broad clinical applicability for the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- Gastric Cancer Center/Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiufeng Zheng
- Gastric Cancer Center/Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Gastric Cancer Center/Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Asanuma K, Nakamura T, Okamoto T, Hagi T, Kita K, Nakamura K, Matsuyama Y, Yoshida K, Asanuma Y, Sudo A. Do coagulation or fibrinolysis reflect the disease condition in patients with soft tissue sarcoma? BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1075. [PMID: 36258189 PMCID: PMC9580209 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulation and fibrinolysis are distinct processes that are highly correlated. Cells control coagulation and fibrinolysis by expression of tissue factor and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor on their surface. Tumor cells express these proteins, adjust their microenvironment and induce tumor exacerbation. We hypothesized that the expression of plasma markers for coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) was dependent on the level of tumor malignancy. To elucidate which markers are predictive of recurrence, metastasis and prognosis, coagulation or fibrinolysis, we analyzed the correlation between plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), soluble fibrin (SF), plasmin-α2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), D-dimer (DD) and clinical parameters in patients with STSs. METHODS TAT, SF, PIC or DD were measured in pre-treatment blood samples from 64 patients with primary STSs and analyzed with clinicopathological parameters, and 5-year recurrence free survival (RFS), 5-year metastasis free survival (MFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS) were evaluated. RESULTS The metastasis group had significantly higher DD (p = 0.0394), PIC (p = 0.00532) and SF (p = 0.00249) concentrations than the group without metastasis. The group that died of disease showed significantly higher DD (p = 0.00105), PIC (p = 0.000542), SF (p = 0.000126) and TAT (p = 0.0373) than surviving patients. By dividing the patients into low and high groups, the group with high DD, PIC, SF and TAT showed significantly lower 5-year MFS and 5-year OS than the corresponding low group. Furthermore, in multivariate COX proportional hazard analysis of continuous variables for 5-year MFS, only PIC was found to be a significant factor (HR: 2.14). CONCLUSION Fibrinolysis was better than coagulation at reflecting the disease condition of patients with STS. Notably, PIC levels ≥ 1.1 can not only predict the risk of metastasis and poor prognosis, but also increasing PIC levels correspond to further increases in risks of metastasis and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Asanuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, 514-8507, Tsu City, Mie, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, 514-8507, Tsu City, Mie, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, 514-8507, Tsu City, Mie, Japan
| | - Kouji Kita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, 514-8507, Tsu City, Mie, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, 514-8507, Tsu City, Mie, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, 514-8507, Tsu City, Mie, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, 514-8507, Tsu City, Mie, Japan
| | - Yumiko Asanuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, 514-8507, Tsu City, Mie, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, 514-8507, Tsu City, Mie, Japan
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Regulation of Tissue Factor by CD44 Supports Coagulant Activity in Breast Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133288. [PMID: 35805061 PMCID: PMC9266039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastasis and thromboembolic complications are the main cause of cancer-associated death. An overexpression of coagulation factors, and particularly Tissue factor, by tumor cells is a key event implicated in this observed hypercoagulability. Tissue Factor is indeed a cellular initiator of the coagulation cascade which has been associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes such as those characteristic of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions (EMTs) and Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). Understanding molecular mechanisms controlling Tissue Factor overexpression in those tumor phenotypes is thus an important aspect of cancer research. We show here that CD44 (a transmembrane marker of CSC and EMT phenotypes) contributes to regulate TF expression at a transcriptional level, thereby supporting procoagulant properties in tumor cells that facilitate their metastatic spread. Abstract Previous work identified Tissue Factor (TF), a key activator of the coagulation cascade, as a gene induced in cellular contexts of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions (EMTs), providing EMT+ Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) with coagulant properties that facilitate their metastatic seeding. Deciphering further molecular aspects of TF regulation in tumor cells, we report here that CD44 and TF coexpress in EMT contexts, and that CD44 acts as a regulator of TF expression supporting procoagulant properties and metastatic seeding. A transcriptional regulatory mechanism bridging CD44 to TF expression was further evidenced. Comparing different TF –promoter luciferase reporter constructs, we indeed found that the shortest -111 pb TF promoter fragment harboring three Specificity Protein 1 (Sp1) binding sites is still responsive to CD44 silencing. The observation that (i) mutation within Sp1 binding sites decreased the basal activity of the -111 pb TF promoter construct, (ii) CD44 silencing decreased Sp1 protein and mRNA levels and (iii) Sp1 silencing diminished TF expression further points to Sp1 as a key mediator linking CD44 to TF regulation. All together, these data thus report a transcriptional regulatory mechanism of TF expression by CD44 supporting procoagulant activity and metastatic competence of CTCs.
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Abstract
Tissue factor (TF), an initiator of extrinsic coagulation pathway, is positively correlated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) of tumor patients. Beyond thrombosis, TF plays a vital role in tumor progression. TF is highly expressed in cancer tissues and circulating tumor cell (CTC), and activates factor VIIa (FVIIa), which increases tumor cells proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells(CSCs) activity. Furthermore, TF and TF-positive microvesicles (TF+MVs) activate the coagulation system to promote the clots formation with non-tumor cell components (e.g., platelets, leukocytes, fibrin), which makes tumor cells adhere to clots to form CTC clusters. Then, tumor cells utilize clots to cause its reducing fluid shear stress (FSS), anoikis resistance, immune escape, adhesion, extravasation and colonization. Herein, we review in detail that how TF signaling promotes tumor metastasis, and how TF-targeted therapeutic strategies are being in the preclinical and clinical trials.
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Liu J, Liu B, Diao G, Zhang Z. Tissue factor promotes HCC carcinogenesis by inhibiting BCL2-dependent autophagy. Bull Cancer 2022; 109:795-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Marchetti M, Russo L, Giaccherini C, Gamba S, Falanga A. Hemostatic system activation in breast cancer: Searching for new biomarkers for cancer risk prediction and outcomes. Thromb Res 2022; 213 Suppl 1:S46-S50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Sun Y, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Yu P, Su X, Song Y, Wang M, Li Y, Zhao L. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition of glioma cells promotes tissue factor expression via the miR200a/ZEB1 axis. Brain Res 2022; 1778:147782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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14
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Hisada Y, Mackman N. Tissue Factor and Extracellular Vesicles: Activation of Coagulation and Impact on Survival in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153839. [PMID: 34359742 PMCID: PMC8345123 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tissue factor (TF)-factor VIIa complex is the major physiological initiator of blood coagulation. Tumors express TF and release TF-positive extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the circulation, and this is associated with the activation of coagulation. Circulating levels of EVTF activity may be a useful biomarker to identify patients at risk for thrombosis. Tumor TF and TF-positive EVs are also associated with reduced survival. Abstract Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a receptor for FVII/FVIIa and initiates the extrinsic coagulation pathway. Tumors and cancer cells express TF that can be released in the form of TF positive (TF+) extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review, we summarize the studies of tumor TF and TF + EVs, and their association with activation of coagulation and survival in cancer patients. We also summarize the role of tumor-derived TF + EVs in venous thrombosis in mouse models. Levels of tumor TF and TF + EVs are associated with venous thromboembolism in pancreatic cancer patients. In addition, levels of EVTF activity are associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation in cancer patients. Furthermore, tumor-derived TF + EVs enhance venous thrombosis in mice. Tumor TF and TF + EVs are also associated with worse survival in cancer patients, particularly in pancreatic cancer patients. These studies indicate that EVTF activity could be used as a biomarker to identify pancreatic cancer patients at risk for venous thrombosis and cancer patients at risk for disseminated intravascular coagulation. EVTF activity may also be a useful prognostic biomarker in cancer patients.
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Xu W, Chen B, Ke D, Chen X. CD142 plays a key role in the carcinogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma by inhibiting BCL2-dependent autophagy. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 100:17-27. [PMID: 34289309 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD142 is expressed on the surface of multiple malignant tumors and contributes to various carcinogenesis. However, the role of CD142 in the pathogenesis of GAC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of CD142 in GAC carcinogenesis. Our results showed that CD142 expression was significantly increased in GAC cancer tissues, especially in those with significant invasion or metastasis. The invasion and migration of CD142-positive SNU16 cells were significantly increased compared with those of CD142-negative cells. Moreover, CD142 overexpression promoted the invasion and migration of SGC083 cells, but CD142 silencing was contrary. In addition, there was a positive correlation between CD142 expression of cancer tissues and serum IL-8 levels. CD142 overexpression promotes IL-8 production in SGC083 cells. In vivo analysis showed that the implantation of CD142-positive SNU16 cells promoted the growth of xenograft tumor and the production of IL-8. Mechanistically, CD142 silencing not only inhibited the expression of BCL2 and the interaction between BCL2 and Beclin1, but also promoted the autophagic response in SGC083. Furthermore, CD142 silencing-induced IL-8 degradation was recovered by treatment of autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. CD142 can inhibit autophagic cell death and the autophagic degradation of IL-8 in GAC, which exerts an effective effect on GAC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xu
- Henan Cancer Hospital, 377327, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Beibei Chen
- Henan Cancer Hospital, 377327, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Dianshan Ke
- Southern Medical University, 70570, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Henan Cancer Hospital, 377327, Zhengzhou, China, 450008;
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16
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Targeting Tissue Factor to Tumor Vasculature to Induce Tumor Infarction. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112841. [PMID: 34200318 PMCID: PMC8201357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Among multiple other functional roles of tissue factor (TF) and other coagulation proteins in the development and targeting of malignant disease, some scientific groups are attempting to modify TF and target the molecule or truncated forms of the molecule to tumor vasculature to selectively induce local blood vessel thromboembolic occlusion resulting in tumor infarction. This review briefly describes the characteristics and development of some of these proteins and structures, including tTF-NGR, which as the first drug candidate from this class has entered clinical trials in cancer patients. Abstract Besides its central functional role in coagulation, TF has been described as being operational in the development of malignancies and is currently being studied as a possible therapeutic tool against cancer. One of the avenues being explored is retargeting TF or its truncated extracellular part (tTF) to the tumor vasculature to induce tumor vessel occlusion and tumor infarction. To this end, multiple structures on tumor vascular wall cells have been studied at which tTF has been aimed via antibodies, derivatives, or as bifunctional fusion protein through targeting peptides. Among these targets were vascular adhesion molecules, oncofetal variants of fibronectin, prostate-specific membrane antigens, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors and co-receptors, integrins, fibroblast activation proteins, NG2 proteoglycan, microthrombus-associated fibrin-fibronectin, and aminopeptidase N. Targeting was also attempted toward cellular membranes within an acidic milieu or toward necrotic tumor areas. tTF-NGR, targeting tTF primarily at aminopeptidase N on angiogenic endothelial cells, was the first drug candidate from this emerging class of coaguligands translated to clinical studies in cancer patients. Upon completion of a phase I study, tTF-NGR entered randomized studies in oncology to test the therapeutic impact of this novel therapeutic modality.
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Ma L, Wang G, Liu S, Bi F, Liu M, Wang G. Intramuscular Expression of Plasmid-Encoded FVII-Fc Immunoconjugate for Tumor Immunotherapy by Targeting Tumoral Blood Vessels and Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638591. [PMID: 34109110 PMCID: PMC8181131 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) has been confirmed to be specifically expressed by vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in solid tumors and certain types of malignant tumor cells. Coagulation factor VII (FVII) can specifically bind to TF with high affinity, so the FVII-TF interaction provides an ideal target for tumor therapy. Expression of proteins in skeletal muscles is a simple and economical avenue for continuous production of therapeutic molecules. However, it is difficult to treat solid tumors till now due to the limited number of therapeutic proteins produced by the intramuscular gene expression system. Herein, we strived to explore whether anti-tumor effects can be achieved via intramuscular delivery of a plasmid encoding a FVII-guided immunoconjugate (Icon) molecule by a previously established Pluronic L64/electropulse (L/E) technique. Our study exhibited several interesting outcomes. 1) The mouse light chain of FVII (mLFVII) molecule could guide red fluorescent protein (RFP) to accumulate predominantly at tumor sites in a TF-dependent manner. 2) Intramuscular expression of mLFVII-hFc (human IgG1 Fc) Icon could significantly inhibit the growth of both liver and lung cancers in nude mice, and the inhibition extent was proportional to the level of tumor-expressed TF. 3) The number of blood vessels and the amount of blood flow in tumors were significantly decreased in mLFVII-hFc Icon-treated mice. 4) This immunotherapy system did not display obvious side effects. Our study provided an efficient and economical system for tumor immunotherapy by targeting both blood vessels and tumor cells. It is also an open system for synergistic therapy by conveniently integrating other anticancer regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ma
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanru Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Feng Bi
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Dass SA, Tan KL, Selva Rajan R, Mokhtar NF, Mohd Adzmi ER, Wan Abdul Rahman WF, Tengku Din TADAA, Balakrishnan V. Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Review of Present and Future Diagnostic Modalities. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:62. [PMID: 33445543 PMCID: PMC7826673 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast type of cancer with no expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). It is a highly metastasized, heterogeneous disease that accounts for 10-15% of total breast cancer cases with a poor prognosis and high relapse rate within five years after treatment compared to non-TNBC cases. The diagnostic and subtyping of TNBC tumors are essential to determine the treatment alternatives and establish personalized, targeted medications for every TNBC individual. Currently, TNBC is diagnosed via a two-step procedure of imaging and immunohistochemistry (IHC), which are operator-dependent and potentially time-consuming. Therefore, there is a crucial need for the development of rapid and advanced technologies to enhance the diagnostic efficiency of TNBC. This review discusses the overview of breast cancer with emphasis on TNBC subtypes and the current diagnostic approaches of TNBC along with its challenges. Most importantly, we have presented several promising strategies that can be utilized as future TNBC diagnostic modalities and simultaneously enhance the efficacy of TNBC diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Annabel Dass
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.A.D.); (K.L.T.); (R.S.R.)
| | - Kim Liu Tan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.A.D.); (K.L.T.); (R.S.R.)
| | - Rehasri Selva Rajan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.A.D.); (K.L.T.); (R.S.R.)
| | - Noor Fatmawati Mokhtar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; (N.F.M.); (E.R.M.A.)
| | - Elis Rosliza Mohd Adzmi
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; (N.F.M.); (E.R.M.A.)
| | - Wan Faiziah Wan Abdul Rahman
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia;
- Breast Cancer Awareness & Research Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Tengku Ahmad Damitri Al-Astani Tengku Din
- Breast Cancer Awareness & Research Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia;
- Chemical Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.A.D.); (K.L.T.); (R.S.R.)
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19
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Gomez S, Tsung A, Hu Z. Current Targets and Bioconjugation Strategies in Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:E4964. [PMID: 33121022 PMCID: PMC7662882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) are emerging, non/minimally invasive techniques for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Both techniques require a photosensitizer and light to visualize or destroy cancer cells. However, a limitation of conventional, non-targeted PDT is poor selectivity, causing side effects. The bioconjugation of a photosensitizer to a tumor-targeting molecule, such as an antibody or a ligand peptide, is a way to improve selectivity. The bioconjugation strategy can generate a tumor-targeting photosensitizer conjugate specific for cancer cells, or ideally, for multiple tumor compartments to improve selectivity and efficacy, such as cancer stem cells and tumor neovasculature within the tumor microenvironment. If successful, such targeted photosensitizer conjugates can also be used for specific visualization and detection of cancer cells and/or tumor angiogenesis (an early event in tumorigenesis) with the hope of an early diagnosis of cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize some current promising target molecules, e.g., tissue factor (also known as CD142), and the currently used bioconjugation strategies in PDT and PDD, with a focus on newly developed protein photosensitizers. These are genetically engineered photosensitizers, with the possibility of generating a fusion protein photosensitizer by recombinant DNA technology for both PDT and PDD without the need of chemical conjugation. We believe that providing an overview of promising targets and bioconjugation strategies will aid in driving research in this field forward towards more effective, less toxic, and non- or minimally invasive treatment and diagnosis options for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Gomez
- The James-Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.G.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- The James-Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- The James-Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.G.); (A.T.)
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20
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Unruh D, Horbinski C. Beyond thrombosis: the impact of tissue factor signaling in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:93. [PMID: 32665005 PMCID: PMC7362520 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is the primary initiator of the coagulation cascade, though its effects extend well beyond hemostasis. When TF binds to Factor VII, the resulting TF:FVIIa complex can proteolytically cleave transmembrane G protein-coupled protease-activated receptors (PARs). In addition to activating PARs, TF:FVIIa complex can also activate receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and integrins. These signaling pathways are utilized by tumors to increase cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cancer stem-like cell maintenance. Herein, we review in detail the regulation of TF expression, mechanisms of TF signaling, their pathological consequences, and how it is being targeted in experimental cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusten Unruh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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21
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EMT-Associated Heterogeneity in Circulating Tumor Cells: Sticky Friends on the Road to Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061632. [PMID: 32575608 PMCID: PMC7352430 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) generate hybrid phenotypes with an enhanced ability to adapt to diverse microenvironments encountered during the metastatic spread. Accordingly, EMTs play a crucial role in the biology of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and contribute to their heterogeneity. Here, we review major EMT-driven properties that may help hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal CTCs to survive in the bloodstream and accomplish early phases of metastatic colonization. We then discuss how interrogating EMT in CTCs as a companion biomarker could help refine cancer patient management, further supporting the relevance of CTCs in personalized medicine.
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22
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Hu Z. Tissue factor as a new target for CAR-NK cell immunotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2815. [PMID: 32071339 PMCID: PMC7028910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), representing ~15% of globally diagnosed breast cancer, is typically an incurable malignancy due to the lack of targetable surface targets for development of effective therapy. To address the unmet need for TNBC treatment, we recently determined that tissue factor (TF) is a useful surface target in 50–85% of patients with TNBC and developed a second-generation TF-targeting antibody-like immunoconjugate (called L-ICON) for preclinical treatment of TNBC. Using the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) approach, here we develop and test TF-targeting CAR-engineered natural killer (TF-CAR-NK) cells that co-express CD16, the Fc receptor (FcγIII) to mediate antibody-dependent cellular toxicity (ADCC), for a preclinical assessment of immunotherapy of TNBC using TF-CAR-NK cell as single agent therapy and in combination with L-ICON. Our preclinical results demonstrate that TF-CAR-NK cells alone could kill TNBC cells and its efficacy was enhanced with L-ICON ADCC in vitro. Moreover, TF-CAR-NK cells were effective in vivo for the treatment of TNBC in cell line- and patient’s tumor-derived xenograft mouse models. Thus, this study established the proof of concept of targeting TF as a new target in CAR-NK immunotherapy for effective treatment of TNBC and may warrant further preclinical study and potentially future investigation in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Hu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and The OSU James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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23
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Liu Y, Song H, Song H, Feng X, Zhou C, Huo Z. Targeting autophagy potentiates the anti-tumor effect of PARP inhibitor in pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia. AMB Express 2019; 9:108. [PMID: 31309361 PMCID: PMC6629728 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its potent cytotoxicity in BRCA-mutated tumors, synthetic lethality elicited by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor gives renewed enthusiasm to researching and developing anti-cancer therapies. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of cancers that starts in certain blood-forming cells of the bone marrow. Here, we showed that poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor talazoparib could induce a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in CML cells derived from pediatric patients. During talazoparib treatment, autophagy was markedly activated, which was confirmed by the accumulation of autophagosomes, decrease of SQSTM1 and up-regulation of LC3-II. Inhibition of autophagy by pharmaceutical inhibitor chloroquine or small-interfering RNA siATG5 significantly increased the cytotoxicity of talazoparib in pediatric CML cells and elicited synergistic anti-tumor effect in patient-derived xenograft model. Our data demonstrated that autophagy played a cyto-protective role in talazoparib-treated pediatric CML and co-treatment with talazoparib and autophagy inhibitor could induce synergetic anti-tumor effect, providing novel insights for pediatric CML treatment.
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24
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Guo Y, Tang L. A Magnetic Nanovaccine Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:747-749. [PMID: 31139709 PMCID: PMC6535763 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Guo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Li Tang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- />E-mail:
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25
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He Y, Jiang Z, Chen C, Wang X. Classification of triple-negative breast cancers based on Immunogenomic profiling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:327. [PMID: 30594216 PMCID: PMC6310928 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-1002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Abundant evidence shows that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is heterogeneous, and many efforts have been devoted to identifying TNBC subtypes on the basis of genomic profiling. However, few studies have explored the classification of TNBC specifically based on immune signatures that may facilitate the optimal stratification of TNBC patients responsive to immunotherapy. Methods Using four publicly available TNBC genomics datasets, we classified TNBC on the basis of the immunogenomic profiling of 29 immune signatures. Unsupervised and supervised machine learning methods were used to perform the classification. Results We identified three TNBC subtypes that we named Immunity High (Immunity_H), Immunity Medium (Immunity_M), and Immunity Low (Immunity_L) and demonstrated that this classification was reliable and predictable by analyzing multiple different datasets. Immunity_H was characterized by greater immune cell infiltration and anti-tumor immune activities, as well as better survival prognosis compared to the other subtypes. Besides the immune signatures, some cancer-associated pathways were hyperactivated in Immunity_H, including apoptosis, calcium signaling, MAPK signaling, PI3K–Akt signaling, and RAS signaling. In contrast, Immunity_L presented depressed immune signatures and increased activation of cell cycle, Hippo signaling, DNA replication, mismatch repair, cell adhesion molecule binding, spliceosome, adherens junction function, pyrimidine metabolism, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis, and RNA polymerase pathways. Furthermore, we identified a gene co-expression subnetwork centered around five transcription factor (TF) genes (CORO1A, STAT4, BCL11B, ZNF831, and EOMES) specifically significant in the Immunity_H subtype and a subnetwork centered around two TF genes (IRF8 and SPI1) characteristic of the Immunity_L subtype. Conclusions The identification of TNBC subtypes based on immune signatures has potential clinical implications for TNBC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-1002-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin He
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, 211198, China.,Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, 211198, China.,Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zehang Jiang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, 211198, China.,Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, 211198, China.,Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Cai Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, 211198, China. .,Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, 211198, China. .,Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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