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Wang G, Wang H, Ji X, Wang T, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Meng L, Wu HJ, Xing X, Ji J. Intratumoral microbiome is associated with gastric cancer prognosis and therapy efficacy. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2369336. [PMID: 38944840 PMCID: PMC11216101 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2369336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of the intratumoral microbiome in gastric cancer (GC) has not been comprehensively assessed. Here, we explored the relationship between the microbial community and GC prognosis and therapy efficacy. Several cancer-associated microbial characteristics were identified, including increased α-diversity, differential β-diversity, and decreased Helicobacter pylori abundance. After adjusting for clinical features, prognostic analysis revealed 2 phyla, 14 genera, and 5 species associated with the overall survival of patients with GC. Additionally, 2 phyla, 14 genera, and 6 species were associated with adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) efficacy in patients with stage II - III GC. Furthermore, we classified GC microbiome structures into three microbial subtypes (MS1, MS2 and MS3) with distinguishing features. The MS1 subtype exhibited high immune activity and enrichment of microbiota related to immunotherapy and butyric acid-producing, as well as potential benefits in immunotherapy. MS2 featured the highest α-diversity and activation of the TFF pathway, MS3 was characterized by epithelial-mesenchymal transition and was associated with poor prognosis and reduced ACT efficacy. Collectively, the results of this study provide valuable insights into the microbial characteristics associated with GC prognosis and therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangjian Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Haojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Precision Medicine Multi-Omics Research, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Xing
- Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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2
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Ma Y, Xu X, Wang H, Liu Y, Piao H. Non-coding RNA in tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells formation and associated immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228331. [PMID: 37671150 PMCID: PMC10475737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has exhibited promising antitumor effects in various tumors. Infiltrated regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) restrict protective immune surveillance, impede effective antitumor immune responses, and contribute to the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Selective depletion or functional attenuation of tumor-infiltrating Tregs, while eliciting effective T-cell responses, represents a potential approach for anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, it does not disrupt the Treg-dependent immune homeostasis in healthy organs and does not induce autoimmunity. Yet, the shared cell surface molecules and signaling pathways between Tregs and multiple immune cell types pose challenges in this process. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), regulate both cancer and immune cells and thus can potentially improve antitumor responses. Here, we review recent advances in research of tumor-infiltrating Tregs, with a focus on the functional roles of immune checkpoint and inhibitory Tregs receptors and the regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs in Treg plasticity and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute), Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huaitao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyan Piao
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute), Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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3
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Zhou S, Li C, Liu L, Yuan Q, Miao J, Wang H, Ding C, Guan W. Gastric microbiota: an emerging player in gastric cancer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1130001. [PMID: 37180252 PMCID: PMC10172576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1130001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. Many microbial factors influence GC, of which the most widely accepted one is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. H. pylori causes inflammation, immune reactions and activation of multiple signaling pathways, leading to acid deficiency, epithelial atrophy, dysplasia and ultimately GC. It has been proved that complex microbial populations exist in the human stomach. H. pylori can affect the abundance and diversity of other bacteria. The interactions among gastric microbiota are collectively implicated in the onset of GC. Certain intervention strategies may regulate gastric homeostasis and mitigate gastric disorders. Probiotics, dietary fiber, and microbiota transplantation can potentially restore healthy microbiota. In this review, we elucidate the specific role of the gastric microbiota in GC and hope these data can facilitate the development of effective prevention and therapeutic approaches for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinggang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Maharaj K, Uriepero A, Sahakian E, Pinilla-Ibarz J. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in lymphoid malignancies and the impact of novel therapies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943354. [PMID: 35979372 PMCID: PMC9376239 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are responsible for maintaining immune homeostasis by controlling immune responses. They can be characterized by concomitant expression of FoxP3, CD25 and inhibitory receptors such as PD-1 and CTLA-4. Tregs are key players in preventing autoimmunity and are dysregulated in cancer, where they facilitate tumor immune escape. B-cell lymphoid malignancies are a group of diseases with heterogenous molecular characteristics and clinical course. Treg levels are increased in patients with B-cell lymphoid malignancies and correlate with clinical outcomes. In this review, we discuss studies investigating Treg immunobiology in B-cell lymphoid malignancies, focusing on clinical correlations, mechanisms of accumulation, phenotype, and function. Overarching trends suggest that Tregs can be induced directly by tumor cells and recruited to the tumor microenvironment where they suppress antitumor immunity to facilitate disease progression. Further, we highlight studies showing that Tregs can be modulated by novel therapeutic agents such as immune checkpoint blockade and targeted therapies. Treg disruption by novel therapeutics may beneficially restore immune competence but has been associated with occurrence of adverse events. Strategies to achieve balance between these two outcomes will be paramount in the future to improve therapeutic efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamira Maharaj
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Angimar Uriepero
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Eva Sahakian
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Javier Pinilla-Ibarz
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Javier Pinilla-Ibarz,
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DeRogatis JM, Viramontes KM, Neubert EN, Henriquez ML, Guerrero-Juarez CF, Tinoco R. Targeting the PSGL-1 Immune Checkpoint Promotes Immunity to PD-1 Resistant Melanoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:612-625. [PMID: 35303066 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have had impressive efficacy in some cancer patients, reinvigorating long-term durable immune responses against tumors. Despite the clinical success of these therapies, most cancer patients continue to be unresponsive to these treatments, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic options. Although P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) has been shown to inhibit immune responses in a variety of disease models, previous work has yet to address whether PSGL-1 can be targeted therapeutically to promote antitumor immunity. Using an aggressive melanoma tumor model, we targeted PSGL-1 in tumor-bearing mice and found increased effector CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses and decreased regulatory T cells (Tregs) in tumors. T cells exhibited increased effector function, activation, and proliferation, which delayed tumor growth in mice after anti-PSGL-1 treatment. Targeting PD-1 in PSGL-1-deficient, tumor-bearing mice led to an increased frequency of mice with complete tumor eradication. Targeting both PSGL-1 and PD-1 in wild-type tumor-bearing mice also showed enhanced anti-tumor immunity and slowed melanoma tumor growth. Our findings showed that therapeutically targeting the PSGL-1 immune checkpoint can reinvigorate anti-tumor immunity and suggest that targeting PSGL-1 may represent a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Roberto Tinoco
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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6
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Yu B, Yoo D, Kim KH, Kim TW, Park S, Kim Y, Son Y, Kim J, Noh I, Whang C, Chung J, Jon S. Effective Combination Immunotherapy through Vessel Normalization Using a Cancer‐Targeting Antiangiogenic Peptide–Antibody Hybrid. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byeongjun Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences KAIST Institute for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Center for Precision Bio‐Nanomedicine Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Dohyun Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences KAIST Institute for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Center for Precision Bio‐Nanomedicine Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Seoul National University College of Medicine 103 Daehak‐ro Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences KAIST Institute for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Center for Precision Bio‐Nanomedicine Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Seho Park
- Department of Biological Sciences KAIST Institute for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Center for Precision Bio‐Nanomedicine Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences KAIST Institute for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Center for Precision Bio‐Nanomedicine Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Youngju Son
- Department of Biological Sciences KAIST Institute for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Center for Precision Bio‐Nanomedicine Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Jinjoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences KAIST Institute for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Center for Precision Bio‐Nanomedicine Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Ilkoo Noh
- Department of Biological Sciences KAIST Institute for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Center for Precision Bio‐Nanomedicine Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Chang‐Hee Whang
- Department of Biological Sciences KAIST Institute for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Center for Precision Bio‐Nanomedicine Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Seoul National University College of Medicine 103 Daehak‐ro Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences KAIST Institute for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Center for Precision Bio‐Nanomedicine Korea Advanced Institute of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak‐ro Daejeon 34141 Korea
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7
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Zeng Y, Xiang Y, Sheng R, Tomás H, Rodrigues J, Gu Z, Zhang H, Gong Q, Luo K. Polysaccharide-based nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy: A review. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3358-3382. [PMID: 33817416 PMCID: PMC8005658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is an effective antitumor approach through activating immune systems to eradicate tumors by immunotherapeutics. However, direct administration of "naked" immunotherapeutic agents (such as nucleic acids, cytokines, adjuvants or antigens without delivery vehicles) often results in: (1) an unsatisfactory efficacy due to suboptimal pharmacokinetics; (2) strong toxic and side effects due to low targeting (or off-target) efficiency. To overcome these shortcomings, a series of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles have been developed to carry immunotherapeutics to enhance antitumor immune responses with reduced toxicity and side effects. Polysaccharides are a family of natural polymers that hold unique physicochemical and biological properties, as they could interact with immune system to stimulate an enhanced immune response. Their structures offer versatility in synthesizing multifunctional nanocomposites, which could be chemically modified to achieve high stability and bioavailability for delivering therapeutics into tumor tissues. This review aims to highlight recent advances in polysaccharide-based nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy and propose new perspectives on the use of polysaccharide-based immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zeng
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yufan Xiang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruilong Sheng
- CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocessing Centre, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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8
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Zeng Y, Xiang Y, Sheng R, Tomás H, Rodrigues J, Gu Z, Zhang H, Gong Q, Luo K. Polysaccharide-based nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy: A review. Bioact Mater 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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9
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Distinct roles for PARP-1 and PARP-2 in c-Myc-driven B-cell lymphoma in mice. Blood 2021; 139:228-239. [PMID: 34359075 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the c-Myc oncogene occurs in a wide variety of haematologic malignancies and its overexpression has been linked with aggressive tumour progression. Here, we show that Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 and PARP-2 exert opposing influences on progression of c-Myc-driven B-cell lymphomas. PARP-1 and PARP-2 catalyse the synthesis and transfer of ADP-ribose units onto amino acid residues of acceptor proteins in response to DNA-strand breaks, playing a central role in the response to DNA damage. Accordingly, PARP inhibitors have emerged as promising new cancer therapeutics. However, the inhibitors currently available for clinical use are not able to discriminate between individual PARP proteins. We found that genetic deletion of PARP-2 prevents c-Myc-driven B-cell lymphomas, while PARP-1-deficiency accelerates lymphomagenesis in the Em-Myc mouse model of aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Loss of PARP-2 aggravates replication stress in pre-leukemic Em-Myc B cells resulting in accumulation of DNA damage and concomitant cell death that restricts the c-Myc-driven expansion of B cells, thereby providing protection against B-cell lymphoma. In contrast, PARP-1-deficiency induces a proinflammatory response, and an increase in regulatory T cells likely contributing to immune escape of B-cell lymphomas, resulting in an acceleration of lymphomagenesis. These findings pinpoint specific functions for PARP-1 and PARP-2 in c-Myc-driven lymphomagenesis with antagonistic consequences that may help inform the design of new PARP-centred therapeutic strategies with selective PARP-2 inhibition potentially representing a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of c-Myc-driven tumours.
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10
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Bauer V, Ahmetlić F, Hömberg N, Geishauser A, Röcken M, Mocikat R. Immune checkpoint blockade impairs immunosuppressive mechanisms of regulatory T cells in B-cell lymphoma. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101170. [PMID: 34229208 PMCID: PMC8264214 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During lymphoma growth, Tregs evolve an increasingly suppressive phenotype. Lymphoma-infiltrating Tregs show an enhanced immunosuppressive function. Cell contacts and IL-10 are required for Treg-mediated immunosuppression. Alterations of intratumoral Tregs are partly abrogated by immune checkpoint blockade.
In malignant disease, CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) hamper antitumor immune responses and may provide a target for immunotherapy. Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become an established therapy for several cancer entities including lymphoma, its mechanisms have not been entirely uncovered. Using endogenously arising λ-MYC-transgenic mouse B-cell lymphomas, which can effectively be suppressed by either Treg ablation or ICB, we investigated which mechanisms are used by Tregs to suppress antitumor responses and how ICB affects these pathways. During tumor development, Tregs up-regulated Foxp3, CD25, CTLA-4 and IL-10, which correlated with enhanced immunosuppressive functions. Thus, in contrast to other tumors, Tregs did not become dysfunctional despite chronic stimulation in the tumor microenvironment and progressive up-regulation of PD-1. Immunosuppression was mediated by direct contacts between Tregs and effector T cells and by IL-10. When λ-MYC mice were treated with ICB antibodies, Tregs revealed a less profound up-regulation of Foxp3, CD25 and IL-10 and a decreased suppressive capacity. This may be due to the shift towards a pro-inflammatory milieu fostered by ICB. In summary, an ICB-induced interference with Treg-dependent immunosuppression may contribute to the success of ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Bauer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Eigenständige Forschungseinheit Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
| | - Fatima Ahmetlić
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Eigenständige Forschungseinheit Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Marchioninistr. 25, München D-81377, Germany
| | - Nadine Hömberg
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Eigenständige Forschungseinheit Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Marchioninistr. 25, München D-81377, Germany
| | - Albert Geishauser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Eigenständige Forschungseinheit Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Marchioninistr. 25, München D-81377, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Klinik für Dermatologie, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralph Mocikat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Eigenständige Forschungseinheit Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Marchioninistr. 25, München D-81377, Germany.
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11
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Wang Q, Liu Y, Wu Y, Wen J, Man C. Immune function of miR-214 and its application prospects as molecular marker. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10924. [PMID: 33628646 PMCID: PMC7894119 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of evolutionary conserved non-coding small RNAs that play key regulatory roles at the post-transcriptional level. In recent years, studies have shown that miR-214 plays an important role in regulating several biological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, tumorigenesis, inflammation and immunity, and it has become a hotspot in the miRNA field. In this review, the regulatory functions of miR-214 in the proliferation, differentiation and functional activities of immune-related cells, such as dendritic cells, T cells and NK cells, were briefly reviewed. Also, the mechanisms of miR-214 involved in tumor immunity, inflammatory regulation and antivirus were discussed. Finally, the value and application prospects of miR-214 as a molecular marker in inflammation and tumor related diseases were analyzed briefly. We hope it can provide reference for further study on the mechanism and application of miR-214.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyuan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiru Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Wen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaolai Man
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
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12
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Interleukin-10 counteracts T-helper type 1 responses in B-cell lymphoma and is a target for tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:110-116. [PMID: 33524501 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To establish strategies for immunotherapy of B-cell lymphoma, it is mandatory to gain deeper insights into the mechanisms of tumor immune escape. In a mouse model of endogenously arising lymphoma, we investigated the impact of IL-10 on the regulation of antitumor responses. Despite progressive functional impairment of NK cells and lack of IFN-γ in the tumor milieu, we found an augmented fraction of T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, which continued to express IFN-γ but also upregulated IL-10 during disease development. Using a lymphoma microenvironment in vitro, we showed that Th1 cells were converted to Foxp3-negative T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells, which coexpressed IFN-γ and IL-10 and upregulated PD-1. This differentiation required pre-existing IL-10, which was primarily provided by malignant B cells and dendritic cells. IFN-γ only declined in cells with the uppermost PD-1 levels. Importantly, antibody-mediated IL-10 ablation in vivo improved effector cell functions and significantly suppressed tumor development. While the contribution of IL-10 to cancer immune escape has been controversially discussed in the past, we show that IL-10 suppresses ongoing, potentially protective immune responses in lymphoma and might be a target for immunotherapy.
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Li C, Jiang P, Wei S, Xu X, Wang J. Regulatory T cells in tumor microenvironment: new mechanisms, potential therapeutic strategies and future prospects. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:116. [PMID: 32680511 PMCID: PMC7367382 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) characterized by the expression of the master transcription factor forkhead box protein p3 (Foxp3) suppress anticancer immunity, thereby hindering protective immunosurveillance of tumours and hampering effective antitumour immune responses in tumour-bearing hosts, constitute a current research hotspot in the field. However, Tregs are also essential for the maintenance of the immune tolerance of the body and share many molecular signalling pathways with conventional T cells, including cytotoxic T cells, the primary mediators of tumour immunity. Hence, the inability to specifically target and neutralize Tregs in the tumour microenvironment without globally compromising self-tolerance poses a significant challenge. Here, we review recent advances in characterizing tumour-infiltrating Tregs with a focus on the functional roles of costimulatory and inhibitory receptors in Tregs, evaluate their potential as clinical targets, and systematically summarize their roles in potential treatment strategies. Also, we propose modalities to integrate our increasing knowledge on Tregs phenotype and function for the rational design of checkpoint inhibitor-based combination therapies. Finally, we propose possible treatment strategies that can be used to develop Treg-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuhua Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Mechanisms of immune escape in the cancer immune cycle. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106700. [PMID: 32590316 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a critical issue globally with high incidence and mortality, imposing great burden on the society. Although great progress has been made in immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint, only a subset of patients responds to this treatment, suggesting that cancer immune evasion is still a major barrier in current immunotherapy. There are a series of factors contributing to immune evasion despite in an immunocompetent environment. Given that these factors are involved in different steps of the cancer immune cycle. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of immune escape in each step of the cancer immune cycle and then present therapeutic strategies for overcoming immune escape, with the potential to better understand the determinants of immune escape and make anti-tumor immunity more effective.
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Cancer immune control needs senescence induction by interferon-dependent cell cycle regulator pathways in tumours. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1335. [PMID: 32165639 PMCID: PMC7067802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based or natural cancer immune responses largely eliminate tumours. Yet, they require additional mechanisms to arrest those cancer cells that are not rejected. Cytokine-induced senescence (CIS) can stably arrest cancer cells, suggesting that interferon-dependent induction of senescence-inducing cell cycle regulators is needed to control those cancer cells that escape from killing. Here we report in two different cancers sensitive to T cell-mediated rejection, that deletion of the senescence-inducing cell cycle regulators p16Ink4a/p19Arf (Cdkn2a) or p21Cip1 (Cdkn1a) in the tumour cells abrogates both the natural and the ICB-induced cancer immune control. Also in humans, melanoma metastases that progressed rapidly during ICB have losses of senescence-inducing genes and amplifications of senescence inhibitors. Metastatic cells also resist CIS. Such genetic and functional alterations are infrequent in metastatic melanomas regressing during ICB. Thus, activation of tumour-intrinsic, senescence-inducing cell cycle regulators is required to stably arrest cancer cells that escape from eradication. The growth of cancer cells can be stably arrested by cytokine-induced senescence. Here, the authors show that cancers with defects in senescence-inducing cell cycle regulator pathways are resistant to immune checkpoint blockade.
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Wang H, Zhao S, Zhang X, Jia K, Deng J, Zhou C, He Y. Major histocompatibility complex class II molecule in non-small cell lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7281-7288. [PMID: 31564911 PMCID: PMC6733341 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s214231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the commonest cancers in the world. More than 70% of lung cancer patients are diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II), an important component in antigen presenting process, usually expresses on professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), and it can be induced by interferon-γ (IFN-γ). MHC class II can be expressed by NSCLC cells. In NSCLC patients, the expression of MHC class II can be correlated with the outcome of anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy. This review summarizes MHC class II expression in NSCLC and the correlation between MHC class II and NSCLC diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyi Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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