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Liu Y, Chen H, Chen T, Qiu G, Han Y. The emerging role of osteoclasts in the treatment of bone metastases: rationale and recent clinical evidence. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1445025. [PMID: 39148909 PMCID: PMC11324560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1445025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of bone metastasis is a grave medical concern that substantially impacts the quality of life in patients with cancer. The precise mechanisms underlying bone metastasis remain unclear despite extensive research efforts, and efficacious therapeutic interventions are currently lacking. The ability of osteoclasts to degrade the bone matrix makes them a crucial factor in the development of bone metastasis. Osteoclasts are implicated in several aspects of bone metastasis, encompassing the formation of premetastatic microenvironment, suppression of the immune system, and reactivation of quiescent tumor cells. Contemporary clinical interventions targeting osteoclasts have proven effective in mitigating bone-related symptoms in patients with cancer. This review comprehensively analyzes the mechanistic involvement of osteoclasts in bone metastasis, delineates potential therapeutic targets associated with osteoclasts, and explores clinical evidence regarding interventions targeting osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Huanshi Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Guowen Qiu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Li Z, Xia Q, He Y, Li L, Yin P. MDSCs in bone metastasis: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216906. [PMID: 38649108 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bone metastasis (BM) is a frequent complication associated with advanced cancer that significantly increases patient mortality. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a pivotal role in BM progression by promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting immune responses, and inducing osteoclastogenesis. MDSCs induce immunosuppression through diverse mechanisms, including the generation of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and immunosuppressive cytokines. Within the bone metastasis niche (BMN), MDSCs engage in intricate interactions with tumor, stromal, and bone cells, thereby establishing a complex regulatory network. The biological activities and functions of MDSCs are regulated by the microenvironment within BMN. Conversely, MDSCs actively contribute to microenvironmental regulation, thereby promoting BM development. A comprehensive understanding of the indispensable role played by MDSCs in BM is imperative for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review highlights the involvement of MDSCs in BM development, their regulatory mechanisms, and their potential as viable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Department of General Surgery, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Qi Xia
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yujie He
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Peihao Yin
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China.
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Wei C, Shi M, Wang Z, Lan W, Feng N, Zhang F, Liu J, Lang JY, Lin W, Ma W. Epiberberine inhibits bone metastatic breast cancer-induced osteolysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:118039. [PMID: 38479545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The anti-tumor related diseases of Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian) were correlated with its traditional use of removing damp-heat, clearing internal fire, and counteracting toxicity. In the recent years, Coptidis Rhizoma and its components have drawn extensive attention toward their anti-tumor related diseases. Besides, Coptidis Rhizoma is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory herb. Epiberberine (EPI) is a significant alkaloid isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma, and exhibits multiple pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory. However, the effect of epiberberine on breast cancer and the inflammatory factors of metastatic breast cancer-induced osteolysis has not been demonstrated clearly. AIM OF THE STUDY Bone metastatic breast cancer can lead to osteolysis via inflammatory factors-induced osteoclast differentiation and function. In this study, we try to analyze the effect of epiberberine on breast cancer and the inflammatory factors of metastatic breast cancer-induced osteolysis. METHODS To evaluate whether epiberberine could suppress bone metastatic breast cancer-induced osteolytic damage, healthy female Balb/c mice were intratibially injected with murine triple-negative breast cancer 4T1 cells. Then, we examined the inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism of epiberberine on breast cancer-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Xenograft assay was used to study the effect of epiberberine on breast cancer cells in vivo. Moreover, we also studied the inhibitory effects and underlying mechanisms of epiberberine on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and function in vitro. RESULTS The results show that epiberberine displayed potential therapeutic effects on breast cancer-induced osteolytic damage. Besides, our results show that epiberberine inhibited breast cancer cells-induced osteoclast differentiation and function by inhibiting secreted inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8. Importantly, we found that epiberberine directly inhibited RANKL-induced differentiation and function of osteoclast without cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, epiberberine inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogensis via Akt/c-Fos signaling pathway. Furthermore, epiberberine combined with docetaxel effectively protected against bone loss induced by metastatic breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that epiberberine may be a promising natural compound for treating bone metastatic breast cancer-induced osteolytic damage by inhibiting IL-8 and is worthy of further exploration in preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Meina Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Zi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Wenjian Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Na Feng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529020, China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Jiachen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Jing-Yu Lang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wanjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Wenzhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau.
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Faccio R, Lee S, Ricci B, Tran J, Ye J, Clever D, Eul E, Wang J, Wong P, Ma C, Fehniger T. Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived Dickkopf-1 suppresses NK cell cytotoxicity in breast cancer. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4202878. [PMID: 38659818 PMCID: PMC11042392 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4202878/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is poorly immunogenic, hence able to evade T cell recognition and respond poorly to immune checkpoint blockade. Breast cancer cells can also evade NK cell-mediated immune surveillance, but the mechanism remains enigmatic. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a Wnt/b-catenin inhibitor, whose levels are increased in breast cancer patients and correlate with reduced overall survival. DKK1 is expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in orthotopic breast tumors and patient samples, and at higher levels by bone cells. While bone-derived DKK1 contributes to the systemic elevation of DKK1 in tumor-bearing mice, CAFs represent the primary source of DKK1 at the tumor site. Systemic or bone-specific DKK1 targeting reduces primary tumor growth. Intriguingly, specific deletion of CAF-derived DKK1 also limits breast cancer progression, regardless of its elevated levels in circulation and in the bone. DKK1 does not support tumor proliferation directly but rather suppresses the activation and tumoricidal activity of NK cells. Importantly, increased DKK1 levels and reduced number of cytotoxic NK cells are detected in breast cancer patients with progressive bone metastases compared to those with stable disease. Our findings indicate that DKK1 creates a tumor-supporting environment through the suppression of NK cells in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiayu Ye
- Washington University in St. Louis
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Guo J, Ma RY, Qian BZ. Macrophage heterogeneity in bone metastasis. J Bone Oncol 2024; 45:100598. [PMID: 38585688 PMCID: PMC10997910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2024.100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies illustrated that macrophage, a type of innate immune cell, plays critical roles in tumour progression and metastasis. Bone is the most frequent site of metastasis for several cancer types including breast, prostate, and lung. In bone metastasis, osteoclast, a macrophage subset specialized in bone resorption, was heavily investigated in the past. Recent studies illustrated that other macrophage subsets, e.g. monocyte-derived macrophages, and bone resident macrophages, promoted bone metastasis independent of osteoclast function. These novel mechanisms further improved our understanding of macrophage heterogeneity in the context of bone metastasis and illustrated new opportunities for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, The Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang-Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Liu H, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Yang Y. MDSCs in breast cancer: an important enabler of tumor progression and an emerging therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199273. [PMID: 37465670 PMCID: PMC10350567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Women worldwide are more likely to develop breast cancer (BC) than any other type of cancer. The treatment of BC depends on the subtype and stage of the cancer, such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Although significant progress has been made in recent years, advanced or metastatic BC presents a poor prognosis, due to drug resistance and recurrences. During embryonic development, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) develop that suppress the immune system. By inhibiting anti-immune effects and promoting non-immune mechanisms such as tumor cell stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and angiogenesis, MDSCs effectively promote tumor growth and metastasis. In various BC models, peripheral tissues, and tumor microenvironments (TME), MDSCs have been found to amplification. Clinical progression or poor prognosis are strongly associated with increased MDSCs. In this review, we describe the activation, recruitment, and differentiation of MDSCs production in BC, the involvement of MDSCs in BC progression, and the clinical characteristics of MDSCs as a potential BC therapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuntao Zhou
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanming Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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7
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Mehdizadeh R, Shariatpanahi SP, Goliaei B, Rüegg C. Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells in combination with tumor cell vaccination predicts anti-tumor immunity and breast cancer dormancy: an in silico experiment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5875. [PMID: 37041172 PMCID: PMC10090155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the different breast cancer subsets, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis and limited options for targeted therapies. Immunotherapies are emerging as novel treatment opportunities for TNBC. However, the surging immune response elicited by immunotherapies to eradicate cancer cells can select resistant cancer cells, which may result in immune escape and tumor evolution and progression. Alternatively, maintaining the equilibrium phase of the immune response may be advantageous for keeping a long-term immune response in the presence of a small-size residual tumor. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are activated, expanded, and recruited to the tumor microenvironment by tumor-derived signals and can shape a pro-tumorigenic micro-environment by suppressing the innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses. We recently proposed a model describing immune-mediated breast cancer dormancy instigated by a vaccine consisting of dormant, immunogenic breast cancer cells derived from the murine 4T1 TNBC-like cell line. Strikingly, these 4T1-derived dormant cells recruited fewer MDSCs compared to aggressive 4T1 cells. Recent experimental studies demonstrated that inactivating MDSCs has a profound impact on reconstituting immune surveillance against the tumor. Here, we developed a deterministic mathematical model for simulating MDSCs depletion from mice bearing aggressive 4T1 tumors resulting in immunomodulation. Our computational simulations indicate that a vaccination strategy with a small number of tumor cells in combination with MDSC depletion can elicit an effective immune response suppressing the growth of a subsequent challenge with aggressive tumor cells, resulting in sustained tumor dormancy. The results predict a novel therapeutic opportunity based on the induction of effective anti-tumor immunity and tumor dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mehdizadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Bahram Goliaei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Yu Y, Li K, Peng Y, Wu W, Chen F, Shao Z, Zhang Z. Animal models of cancer metastasis to the bone. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1165380. [PMID: 37091152 PMCID: PMC10113496 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1165380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a major cause of mortality from several tumors, including those of the breast, prostate, and the thyroid gland. Since bone tissue is one of the most common sites of metastasis, the treatment of bone metastases is crucial for the cure of cancer. Hence, disease models must be developed to understand the process of bone metastasis in order to devise therapies for it. Several translational models of different bone metastatic tumors have been developed, including animal models, cell line injection models, bone implant models, and patient-derived xenograft models. However, a compendium on different bone metastatic cancers is currently not available. Here, we have compiled several animal models derived from current experiments on bone metastasis, mostly involving breast and prostate cancer, to improve the development of preclinical models and promote the treatment of bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kanglu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yizhong Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fengxia Chen
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Fengxia Chen, ; Zengwu Shao, ; Zhicai Zhang,
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Fengxia Chen, ; Zengwu Shao, ; Zhicai Zhang,
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Fengxia Chen, ; Zengwu Shao, ; Zhicai Zhang,
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9
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Gao Y, Rosen JM, Zhang XHF. The tumor-immune ecosystem in shaping metastasis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C707-C717. [PMID: 36717100 PMCID: PMC10027084 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00132.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating cancer metastasis is critical to develop new therapies and decrease mortality. Emerging evidence suggests that the interactions between tumor cells and the host immune system play important roles in establishing metastasis. Tumor cells are able to recruit immune cells, which in turn promotes tumor cell invasion, intravasation, survival in circulation, extravasation, and colonization in different organs. The tumor-host immunological interactions also generate a premetastatic niche in distant organs which facilitates metastasis. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on how tumor cells and immune cells regulate each other to coevolve and promote the formation of metastases at the major organ sites of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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10
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Ihle CL, Wright-Hobart SJ, Owens P. Therapeutics targeting the metastatic breast cancer bone microenvironment. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Arellano DL, Juárez P, Verdugo‐Meza A, Almeida‐Luna PS, Corral‐Avila JA, Drescher F, Olvera F, Jiménez S, Elzey BD, Guise TA, Fournier PG. Bone Microenvironment-Suppressed T Cells Increase Osteoclast Formation and Osteolytic Bone Metastases in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1446-1463. [PMID: 35635377 PMCID: PMC9543062 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies use components of the immune system, such as T cells, to fight cancer cells, and are changing cancer treatment, causing durable responses in some patients. Bone metastases are a debilitating complication in advanced breast and prostate cancer patients. Approved treatments fail to cure bone metastases or increase patient survival and it remains unclear whether immunotherapy could benefit patients. The bone microenvironment combines various immunosuppressive factors, and combined with T cell products could increase bone resorption fueling the vicious cycle of bone metastases. Using syngeneic mouse models, our study revealed that bone metastases from 4T1 breast cancer contain tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TILs) and their development is increased in normal mice compared to immunodeficient and T-cell depleted mice. This effect seemed caused by the TILs specifically in bone, because T-cell depletion increased 4T1 orthotopic tumors and did not affect bone metastases from RM-1 prostate cancer cells, which lack TILs. T cells increased osteoclast formation ex vivo and in vivo contributing to bone metastasis vicious cycle. This pro-osteoclastic effect is specific to unactivated T cells, because activated T cells, secreting interferon γ (IFNγ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4), actually suppressed osteoclastogenesis, which could benefit patients. However, non-activated T cells from bone metastases could not be activated in ex vivo cultures. 4T1 bone metastases were associated with an increase of functional polymorphonuclear and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), potent T-cell suppressors. Although effective in other models, sildenafil and zoledronic acid did not affect MDSCs in bone metastases. Seeking other therapeutic targets, we found that monocytic MDSCs are more potent suppressors than polymorphonuclear MDSCs, expressing programmed cell death receptor-1 ligand (PD-L1)+ in bone, which could trigger T-cell suppression because 70% express its receptor, programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1). Collectively, our findings identified a new mechanism by which suppressed T cells increase osteoclastogenesis and bone metastases. Our results also provide a rationale for using immunotherapy because T-cell activation would increase their anti-cancer and their anti-osteoclastic properties. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna L. Arellano
- Biomedical Innovation DepartmentCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE)Ensenada
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la VidaCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE)EnsenadaMexico
| | - Patricia Juárez
- Biomedical Innovation DepartmentCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE)Ensenada
- Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | - Andrea Verdugo‐Meza
- Biomedical Innovation DepartmentCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE)Ensenada
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la VidaCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE)EnsenadaMexico
| | - Paloma S. Almeida‐Luna
- Biomedical Innovation DepartmentCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE)Ensenada
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la VidaCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE)EnsenadaMexico
| | - Juan A. Corral‐Avila
- Biomedical Innovation DepartmentCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE)Ensenada
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la VidaCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE)EnsenadaMexico
| | - Florian Drescher
- Biomedical Innovation DepartmentCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE)Ensenada
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la VidaCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE)EnsenadaMexico
| | - Felipe Olvera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y BioprocesosInstituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCuernavacaMexico
| | - Samanta Jiménez
- Biomedical Innovation DepartmentCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE)Ensenada
| | - Bennett D. Elzey
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Theresa A. Guise
- Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
- Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormone DisordersThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of TexasAustinTXUSA
| | - Pierrick G.J. Fournier
- Biomedical Innovation DepartmentCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE)Ensenada
- Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
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