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Karaaslan H, Walker AR, Gil-Bona A, Depalle B, Bidlack FB. Posteruptive Loss of Enamel Proteins Concurs with Gain in Enamel Hardness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.23.595034. [PMID: 38979313 PMCID: PMC11230172 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.595034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Tooth enamel maturation requires the removal of proteins from the mineralizing enamel matrix to allow for crystallite growth until full hardness is reached to meet the mechanical needs of mastication. While this process takes up to several years in humans before the tooth erupts, it is greatly accelerated in in the faster developing pig. As a result, pig teeth erupt with softer, protein-rich enamel that is similar to hypomineralized human enamel but continues to harden quickly after eruption.Proteins, such as albumin, that bind to enamel crystals and prevent crystal growth and enamel hardening have been suggested as cause for hypomineralized human enamel that does not naturally harden after eruption. However, albumin is abundant in pig enamel. It is unclear whether fast posteruptive enamel hardening in pigs occurs despite the high protein content or requires a facilitated protein loss to allow for crystal growth. This study asked how the protein content in porcine enamel changes after eruption in relation to saliva. Based on previous data demonstrating the high albumin content in erupted porcine enamel, we hypothesize that following pre-eruptive maturation, enamel and saliva derived enzymes facilitate protein removal from porcine enamel after eruption. We analyzed enamel and the saliva proteome at three critical timepoints: at the time of tooth eruption, 2 weeks after eruption, and enamel 6 weeks after eruption. We used only fourth deciduous premolars and saliva samples from animals sacrificed at the respective time points to determine the organic content in tooth enamel, saliva, and saliva proteins within enamel. We found a decrease in the number of proteins and their abundancy in enamel with posteruptive time, including a decrease in serum albumin within enamel. The rapid decrease in the first two weeks is in line with previously reported rapid increase in mineral density of porcine enamel after eruption. In addition to the enamel proteases KLK-4 and MMP-20, we identified serine-, cysteine-, aspartic-, and metalloproteases. Some of these were only identified in enamel, while almost half of the enzymes are in common with saliva at all timepoints. Our findings suggest that the fast posteruptive enamel maturation in the porcine model coincides with saliva exchange and influx of saliva enzymes into porous enamel.
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Kielbassa AM, Summer S, Frank W, Lynch E, Batzer JS. Equivalence study of the resin-dentine interface of internal tunnel restorations when using an enamel infiltrant resin with ethanol-wet dentine bonding. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12444. [PMID: 38816512 PMCID: PMC11139992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This preregistered ex vivo investigation examined the dentinal hybrid layer formation of a resinous infiltrant (Icon), with reference to both thickness (HLT) and homogeneity when combined with modified tunnel preparation (occlusal cavity only) and internal/external caries infiltration. The adhesives Syntac and Scotchbond MP were used as controls (Groups 1 and 3) or in combination with Icon (Groups 2 and 4). A split-tooth design using healthy third molars from 20 donors resulted in 20 prepared dentine cavities per experimental group. The cavity surfaces (n = 80) were etched (37% H3PO4), rinsed, and air-dried. Rewetting with ethanol was followed by application of the respective primers. After labeling with fluorescent dyes, either Syntac Adhesive/Heliobond or Scotchbond MP Adhesive was used alone or supplemented with Icon. HLT, as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, did not significantly differ (P > 0.05), and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed homogeneously mixed/polymerized resin-dentine interdiffusion zones in all groups. Icon can be successfully integrated into an ethanol-wet dentine bonding strategy, and will result in compact and homogeneous hybrid layers of comparable thickness considered equivalent to the non-Icon controls, thus allowing for preservation of the tooth's marginal ridge and interdental space in the case of internal/external infiltration of proximal caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej M Kielbassa
- Centre for Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University (DPU), Steiner Landstraße 124, 3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Sabrina Summer
- Department for Biomedical Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Frank
- Centre for Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University (DPU), Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Edward Lynch
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Julia-Susanne Batzer
- Centre for Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University (DPU), Steiner Landstraße 124, 3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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Mahmood MK, Kurda HA, Qadir BH, Tassery H, Lan R, Tardivo D, Abdulghafor MA. Implication of serum and salivary albumin tests in the recent oral health related epidemiological studies: A narrative review. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:698-707. [PMID: 38766281 PMCID: PMC11096625 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Albumin is the most abundant protein in human serum and a specific amount of albumin also can be found in the saliva. It has several physiological functions such as blood colloidal osmotic pressure, antioxidant activity, binding and transporting of endogenous and exogenous substrates. We conducted an electronic search across several databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase and Science Direct using the relevant MeSH terms and keywords like "albumin", "serum albumin", "salivary albumin", "oral health" "dental caries" and "epidemiology". Only the epidemiological studies published between 2010 and 2023 were included. After the application of the inclusion criteria, a total of 51 studied were included in this narrative review. Serum and salivary albumin tests have been used in various aspects of oral health as a diagnostic and prognostic factor. Some of the results point out to a pattern of association while some of them are inconclusive and even contradictory. This narrative review discusses the role, significance and impact of albumin in epidemiological oral health related studies including the categories of periodontal health and disease, dental caries, oral function and hypofunction, nutrition and malnutrition, tooth loss and its treatment, diabetes and cancer. In addition, it offers a short manual for the researchers on when, where and how to use albumin tests in planning their study designs whether investigating an association or measure them as a covariate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khalid Mahmood
- Faculty of Dentistry, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
- College of Dentistry, American University of Iraq, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | | | - Balen Hamid Qadir
- Dentistry Department, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Herve Tassery
- Odontology Department, Timone Hospital, Aix Marseille University, APHM, Marseille, France
- LBN Laboratory, Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Lan
- Odontology Department, Timone Hospital, Aix Marseille University, APHM, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Tardivo
- Odontology Department, Timone Hospital, Aix Marseille University, APHM, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
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Flemming J, Hannig C, Hannig M. Caries Management-The Role of Surface Interactions in De- and Remineralization-Processes. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237044. [PMID: 36498618 PMCID: PMC9737279 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioadhesion and surface interactions on enamel are of essential relevance for initiation, progression and prevention of caries and erosions. Salivary proteins on and within initial carious and erosive lesions can facilitate or aggravate de- and remineralization. This applies for the pellicle layer, the subsurface pellicle and for proteins within initial carious lesions. Little is known about these proteinaceous structures related to initial caries and erosion. Accordingly, there is a considerable demand for an understanding of the underlying processes occurring at the interface between the tooth surface and the oral cavity in order to develop novel agents that limit and modulate caries and erosion. Objectives and findings: The present paper depicts the current knowledge of the processes occurring at the interface of the tooth surface and the oral fluids. Proteinaceous layers on dental hard tissues can prevent or aggravate demineralization processes, whereas proteins within initial erosive or carious lesions might hinder remineralization considerably and restrict the entry of ions into lesions. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that organic-inorganic surface interactions are of essential relevance for de- and remineralization processes at the tooth surface, there is limited knowledge on these clinically relevant phenomena. Accordingly, intensive research is necessary to develop new approaches in preventive dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Flemming
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, D-66424 Homburg, Germany
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Fernando JR, Shen P, Walker GD, Yuan Y, Stanton DP, Reynolds C, Reynolds EC. Effects of Bovine Serum Albumin and High pH Pre-Treatment on the Remineralisation of Enamel Subsurface Lesions in vitro. Caries Res 2019; 54:36-42. [PMID: 31487735 DOI: 10.1159/000502337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated intra-lesion protein such as serum albumin has been speculated to impede remineralisation of carious enamel lesions. The aim of this study was to assess whether intra-lesion bovine serum albumin (BSA) affected subsequent remineralisation of enamel subsurface lesions. Confocal microscopy was used to confirm localisation of BSA in artificial enamel subsurface lesions and its subsequent degradation by a high pH sodium hypochlorite treatment. An in vitro remineralisation experiment tested the effect of intra-lesion BSA, and its degradation by sodium hypochlorite, on remineralisation of subsurface lesions by casein phosphopeptide stabilised amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate. In addition, lesions without BSA were pre-treated with one of 2 high pH solutions (sodium hypochlorite or sodium hydroxide) prior to remineralisation to test whether the high pH pre-treatment influenced remineralisation. Data were obtained on remineralisation using transverse microradiography and were analysed with a one-way ANOVA. Intra-lesion BSA had no significant effect on remineralisation compared with that of control lesions. Pre-treatment of BSA-containing lesions with sodium hypochlorite significantly increased remineralisation. The lesions without BSA that were pre-treated with either sodium hypochlorite or sodium hydroxide also showed the same level of remineralisation as the BSA-containing lesions pre-treated with sodium hypochlorite indicating that the increased remineralisation was pH related. Hence, it was concluded that intra-lesion BSA did not affect remineralisation of artificial enamel subsurface lesions in this model system and that a high pH pre-treatment enhanced remineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Fernando
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peiyan Shen
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn D Walker
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi Yuan
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P Stanton
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Coralie Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
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Combined Effect of Enamel Deproteinization and Intermediate Bonding in the Retention of Pit and Fissure Sealants in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 42:427-433. [PMID: 30085876 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-42.6.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This manuscript shows if enamel deproteinization along with an intermediate layer of bonding enhances the retention of pit and fissure sealants.. STUDY DESIGN Two hundred six mandibular first permanent molars were allocated to Group I (n=103) and Group II (n=103). Group I underwent deproteinization, acid etching, bonding agent application and pit & fissure sealant placement while Group II treated with acid etching followed by pit & fissure sealant application only. Clinical analysis of all the teeth in the two groups was performed at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months respectively. Pearson's chi - square test was utilized to evaluate the success of both treatment procedures (p<0.05). RESULTS At 12 months follow up the differences between the groups pertaining to Marginal integrity, Marginal discoloration and Anatomical form were statistically significant suggesting enhanced retention in Group I. CONCLUSIONS Enamel deproteinization along with the use of intermediate bonding layer significantly enhances the retention of pit and fissure sealants in terms of enhanced marginal integrity, decreased marginal discoloration and preserving the anatomical form.
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Deproteinization Effectiveness on Occlusal Enamel Surfaces and Resultant Acid Etching Patterns: An in vitro Study. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 42:434-441. [PMID: 30085877 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-42.6.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this in vitro study was to identify whether occlusal enamel deproteinization is effective in the removal of organic material in order to obtain quality etching patterns using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) compared to phosphoric acid alone. STUDY DESIGN Nine extracted third permanent molars were polished with pumice and water. Every pit and fissure was evaluated as a unit, resulting in 40 individual units and then these were divided into five treatment groups. The occlusal enamel surface of each group was subjected to the following treatments: Group 1 (C) Control: No treatment; Group 2 (P): Polish and rinse; Group 3 (PD): Polish, rinse, and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5.25% for 60 seconds; Group 4 (PA): Polish, rinse, and acid etching with H3PO4 37% for 15 seconds; and Group 5 (PDA): Polish, rinse, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5.25% for 60 seconds, and acid etching with H3PO4 37% for 15 seconds. Results showed no significant statistical difference in the organic material present between groups 1 (C) (30.18%) and 2 (P) (36.61%), but there was a statistical difference (p <0.002) between Groups 1 and 2, and Group 3 (PD) (16.50%). In the acid etching group, the undesirable Type-III pattern (discussed later) was found in Group 4 (PA) (33.54%), while this was only 7.70% in Group 5, nearly five times more than Group 4, with a significant statistical difference (0.05). When differences were sought for Types I and II etch patterns (discussed later) for Groups 4 and 5, Group 4 (PA) obtained 26.29% (Type I) and 1.75% (Type II) etch patterns, compared to Group 5 (PDA) with 33.4% (Type I) and 38.97% (Type II) etch patterns. CONCLUSIONS The enamel deproteinization technique is an effective way to remove organic material on the occlusal surfaces of teeth, obtaining after phosphoric acid application, up to 72.38% of Types I and II etch patterns. Etching Types I or II can also be determined by the removal of organic material in between enamel crystals.
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Shahmoradi M, Swain MV. Micro-CT analysis of naturally arrested brown spot enamel lesions. J Dent 2017; 56:105-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Smith CEL, Murillo G, Brookes SJ, Poulter JA, Silva S, Kirkham J, Inglehearn CF, Mighell AJ. Deletion of amelotin exons 3-6 is associated with amelogenesis imperfecta. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3578-3587. [PMID: 27412008 PMCID: PMC5179951 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a heterogeneous group of genetic conditions that result in defective dental enamel formation. Amelotin (AMTN) is a secreted protein thought to act as a promoter of matrix mineralization in the final stage of enamel development, and is strongly expressed, almost exclusively, in maturation stage ameloblasts. Amtn overexpression and Amtn knockout mouse models have defective enamel with no other associated phenotypes, highlighting AMTN as an excellent candidate gene for human AI. However, no AMTN mutations have yet been associated with human AI. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified an 8,678 bp heterozygous genomic deletion encompassing exons 3-6 of AMTN in a Costa Rican family segregating dominant hypomineralised AI. The deletion corresponds to an in-frame deletion of 92 amino acids, shortening the protein from 209 to 117 residues. Exfoliated primary teeth from an affected family member had enamel that was of a lower mineral density compared to control enamel and exhibited structural defects at least some of which appeared to be associated with organic material as evidenced using elemental analysis. This study demonstrates for the first time that AMTN mutations cause non-syndromic human AI and explores the human phenotype, comparing it with that of mice with disrupted Amtn function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E L Smith
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.,Department of Oral Biology, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Gina Murillo
- University of Costa Rica, School of Dentistry, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Steven J Brookes
- Department of Oral Biology, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - James A Poulter
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Sandra Silva
- University of Costa Rica, Molecular Biology Cellular Centre (CBCM), San Pedro, Costa Rica and
| | - Jennifer Kirkham
- Department of Oral Biology, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Chris F Inglehearn
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Alan J Mighell
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK, .,School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK
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Arya V, Taneja L. Inhibition of salivary amylase by black tea in high-caries and low-caries index children: A comparative in vivo study. Ayu 2016; 36:278-82. [PMID: 27313414 PMCID: PMC4895754 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.182743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dental caries is a universal disease. Dietary modification is important in reducing the occurrence of dental caries. Tea which is so frequently consumed with cariogenic starch rich food is proposed to have anticariogenic potential. The various mechanism has been proposed for same and one being inhibition of salivary amylase activity. Aim: To determine the effect of 1.5% black tea decoction on salivary amylase activity in children with high caries and no caries. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 children in the age group of 12–15 years were selected for the study. They were further grouped based on their decayed missing filled surface (DMFS) score into high-caries group (DMFS above 10) and no-caries group (DMFS = 0). After 2 h of fasting, subjects consumed two salted crackers for 60 s following which they rinsed with water and then with black tea decoction (1.5%) the very next day. Retained food particles were recovered salivary amylase activity was noted as maltose to sucrose ratio via chromatography. Results: The average ratio of maltose to sucrose ratio percentage reduction in high-caries group was 43.63% and 41.17% in no caries group which was highly significant (P < 0.005) while the intergroup comparison was found statistically insignificant. Conclusions: Tea decoction has inhibitory effect on salivary amylase activity thus dental caries. The effect was statistically insignificant in children with high- and no-caries index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Arya
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Budhera, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Lavina Taneja
- Department of Oral Medicine Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Budhera, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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Romero MJRH, Nakashima S, Nikaido T, Sadr A, Tagami J. In vitro dentine remineralization with a potential salivary phosphoprotein homologue. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 68:35-42. [PMID: 27054701 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advantages of introducing a salivary phosphoprotein homologue under standardized in vitro conditions to simulate the mineral-stabilizing properties of saliva have been proposed. This study longitudinally investigates the effects of casein, incorporated as a potential salivary phosphoprotein homologue in artificial saliva (AS) solutions with/without fluoride (F) on in vitro dentine lesion remineralization. DESIGN Thin sections of bovine root dentine were demineralized and allocated randomly into 6 groups (n=18) having equivalent mineral loss (ΔZ) after transverse microradiography (TMR). The specimens were remineralized using AS solutions containing casein 0μg/ml, F 0ppm (C0-F0); casein 0μg/ml, F 1ppm (C0-F1); casein 10μg/ml, F 0ppm (C10-F0); casein 10μg/ml, F 1ppm (C10-F1); casein 100μg/ml, F 0ppm (C100-F0) or casein 100μg/ml, F 1ppm (C100-F1) for 28days with TMR taken every 7 days. RESULTS Surface mineral precipitation, evident in group C0-F1, was apparently inhibited in groups with casein incorporation. Repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction revealed higher ΔZ for non-F and non-casein groups than for their counterparts (p<0.001). Subsequent multiple comparisons showed that mineral gain was higher (p<0.001) with 10μg/ml casein than with 100μg/ml when F was present in the earlier stages of remineralization, with both groups achieving almost complete remineralization after 28 days. CONCLUSION Casein is a potential salivary phosphoprotein homologue that could be employed for in vitro dentine remineralization studies. Concentration related effects may be clinically significant and thus must be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jacinta Rosario H Romero
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; University of the Philippines Manila College of Dentistry, Pedro Gil corner Taft Avenue, Manila 1000, Philippines.
| | - Syozi Nakashima
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Alireza Sadr
- International Exchange Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357456 Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
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Mineralization of Early Stage Carious Lesions In Vitro-A Quantitative Approach. Dent J (Basel) 2015; 3:111-122. [PMID: 29567931 PMCID: PMC5851196 DOI: 10.3390/dj3040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro computed tomography has been combined with dedicated data analysis for the in vitro quantification of sub-surface enamel lesion mineralization. Two artificial white spot lesions, generated on a human molar crown in vitro, were examined. One lesion was treated with a self-assembling peptide intended to trigger nucleation of hydroxyapatite crystals. We non-destructively determined the local X-ray attenuation within the specimens before and after treatment. The three-dimensional data was rigidly registered. Three interpolation methods, i.e., nearest neighbor, tri-linear, and tri-cubic interpolation were evaluated. The mineralization of the affected regions was quantified via joint histogram analysis, i.e., a voxel-by-voxel comparison of the tomography data before and after mineralization. After ten days incubation, the mean mineralization coefficient reached 35.5% for the peptide-treated specimen compared to 11.5% for the control. This pilot study does not give any evidence for the efficacy of peptide treatment nor allows estimating the necessary number of specimens to achieve significance, but shows a sound methodological approach on the basis of the joint histogram analysis.
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Brunton PA, Davies RPW, Burke JL, Smith A, Aggeli A, Brookes SJ, Kirkham J. Treatment of early caries lesions using biomimetic self-assembling peptides--a clinical safety trial. Br Dent J 2015; 215:E6. [PMID: 23969679 PMCID: PMC3813405 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported that a rationally designed biomimetic self-assembling peptide, P₁₁-4, nucleated hydroxyapatite de novo and was apparently capable of in situ enamel regeneration following infiltration into caries-like lesions. Our present aim was to determine the safety and potential clinical efficacy of a single application of P₁₁-4 on early enamel lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen healthy adults with Class V 'white spot' lesions received a single application of P₁₁-4. Adverse events and lesion appearances were recorded over 180 days. RESULTS Patients treated with P₁₁-4 experienced a total of 11 adverse events during the study, of which two were possibly related to the protocol. Efficacy evaluation suggested that treatment with P₁₁-4 significantly decreased lesion size (p = 0.02) after 30 days and shifted the apparent progression of the lesions from 'arrested/progressing' to 'remineralising' (p <0.001). A highly significant improvement in the global impression of change was recorded at day 30 compared with baseline (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that treatment of early caries lesions with P₁₁-4 is safe, and that a single application is associated with significant enamel regeneration, presumably by promoting mineral deposition within the subsurface tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Brunton
- Restorative Dentistry, Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9LU, UK
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Lippert F. The effects of lesion baseline characteristics and different Sr:Ca ratios in plaque fluid-like solutions on caries lesion de- and remineralization. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1299-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kosoric J, Hector MP, Anderson P. The influence of proteins on demineralization kinetics of hydroxyapatite aggregates. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:972-7. [PMID: 20730934 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fujikawa H, Matsuyama K, Uchiyama A, Nakashima S, Ujiie T. Influence of Salivary Macromolecules and Fluoride on Enamel Lesion Remineralization in vitro. Caries Res 2007; 42:37-45. [DOI: 10.1159/000111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Dowker SEP, Elliott JC, Davis GR, Wilson RM, Cloetens P. Synchrotron X-Ray Microtomographic Investigation of Mineral Concentrations at Micrometre Scale in Sound and Carious Enamel. Caries Res 2004; 38:514-22. [PMID: 15528905 DOI: 10.1159/000080580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2003] [Accepted: 01/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchrotron X-ray microtomography (XMT) was used to measure the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) for 1.9-microm sidelength voxels within approximal brown spot lesions and sound human enamel. XMT demonstrated three-dimensional features, notably sheets with approximately 30 microm periodicity having low LAC, identified as regions of demineralization corresponding to Retzius lines. Quantitative three-dimensional measurements of mineral concentration, derived from LAC with assumption of a single model composition, were consistent with previous measurements of sound and carious enamel from microradiographic projections. The uncertainty in measurements of mineral concentration and mineral fraction volume was investigated by modelling enamel with a range of composition and component densities. This analysis showed that, although mineral concentration can be determined from LAC with an error of <0.2 g cm(-3), the variation in pore fraction volume within caries lesions cannot be reliably determined from X-ray attenuation measurements alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E P Dowker
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
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de Farias DG, Bezerra ACB. Salivary antibodies, amylase and protein from children with early childhood caries. Clin Oral Investig 2003; 7:154-7. [PMID: 12915963 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-003-0222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2003] [Accepted: 07/07/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the organic composition of saliva from children without dental caries and children with early childhood caries (ECC). Two groups of 20 children varying in age from 12 to 47 months were selected: Group I, caries-free children; Group II, children with early childhood caries (ECC). Samples of saliva were collected from each subject and submitted to immunological and biochemical assays. Measurements of total salivary IgA, IgG and IgM were performed by using nephelometric techniques, while total protein concentrations and amylase activity were determined by colorimetric techniques. Comparisons of values between groups were made by using U Mann-Whitney test ( p<0.05). Children with ECC presented significantly higher levels of total salivary IgA and IgG, while the mean values of amylase activity, total protein concentrations and total IgM were similar between the groups. In this study, the presence of ECC was associated with an increase in total salivary IgA.
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Shore RC, Bäckman B, Brookes SJ, Kirkham J, Wood SR, Robinson C. Inheritance pattern and elemental composition of enamel affected by hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta. Connect Tissue Res 2003; 43:466-71. [PMID: 12489199 DOI: 10.1080/03008200290000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is characterized clinically by enamel of normal thickness that is hypomineralized, mottled, and detaches easily from the underlying dentin. Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, and sporadic modes of inheritance have been documented. The present study investigated the elemental composition of the enamel of teeth from individuals demonstrating clinical hypomaturation AI from families representing three of these patterns of inheritance. The aim of the study was to determine if there was any commonality in microscopic phenotype of this defect between families demonstrating the various inheritance patterns. One section from each tooth was microradiographed and then viewed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an ultrathin window energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) detector. In the SEM, prisms and constituent crystals in discrete areas appeared to be largely obscured by an amorphous material. EDX analysis showed enamel outside these areas to have a composition indistinguishable from control teeth. However, within these affected areas there was a large increase in carbon content (up to a fivefold increase). In some teeth there was also a detectable but smaller increase in the relative amounts of nitrogen or oxygen. The results suggest the defect in these teeth with a common clinical phenotype, irrespective of the pattern of inheritance, demonstrates a commonality in microscopic phenotype. The large increase in carbon content, not matched by an equivalent increase in nitrogen or oxygen, suggests a possible increased lipid content. In those teeth with elevated nitrogen levels there may also be retained protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Shore
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds Dental Institute, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK.
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