1
|
Kacem I, Kahloul M, El Arem S, Ayachi S, Hafsia M, Maoua M, Ben Othmane M, El Maalel O, Hmida W, Bouallague O, Ben Abdessalem K, Naija W, Mrizek N. Effects of music therapy on occupational stress and burn-out risk of operating room staff. Libyan J Med 2020; 15:1768024. [PMID: 32449482 PMCID: PMC7448868 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2020.1768024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The operating theatre staff is exposed to various constraints such as excessive working hours, severe medical conditions and dreadful consequences in case of malpractice. These working conditions may lead to high and chronic levels of stress, which can interfere with medical staff well-being and patients quality of care. The aim of this study is toassess the impact of music therapy on stress levels and burnout risk on the operating room staff. This is a pre-experimental study including the operating rooms staff of urology and maxillofacial surgery in the academic hospital of Sahloul Sousse (Tunisia) over a period of six weeks. The study consisted of three phases. The first was an initial assessment of stress level with a predefined survey. The second included three music therapy sessions per day over one month. The third was an immediate stress level reassessment following the intervention. Stress levels were evaluated using the Perceived Stress Scale version PSS-10 and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The overall response rate was 73.9%.The average age of the study population was 37.8 ± 7.7 years with a female predominance (64.7%). After the music therapy program, Perceived Stress Scale average score decreased from 22 ± 8.9 to 16 ± 7.9 (p = 0.006). Concerning the burnout, only the average score of emotional exhaustion decreased significantly from 27 ± 10.8 to 19.2 ± 9.5 (p = 0.004). Music therapy is an innovative approach that seems to reduce operating theatre staff stress. It must be considered as a non pharmacological, simple, economic and non invasive preventive tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Kacem
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Kahloul
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahloul Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - S El Arem
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Urology, Sahloul Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - S Ayachi
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Sahloul Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Hafsia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Maoua
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Ben Othmane
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Urology, Sahloul Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - O El Maalel
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - W Hmida
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Urology, Sahloul Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - O Bouallague
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Sahloul Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - K Ben Abdessalem
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahloul Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - W Naija
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahloul Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - N Mrizek
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Université de Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nylander E, Zelleroth S, Stam F, Nyberg F, Grönbladh A, Hallberg M. Growth hormone increases dendritic spine density in primary hippocampal cell cultures. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 50:42-47. [PMID: 31862540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growth hormone (GH) is widely known for its peripheral effects during growth and development. However, numerous reports also suggest that GH exert pro-cognitive, restorative, and protective properties in the brain. In in vitro studies, the detection of dendritic spines, small protrusions extending from axons, can act as a marker for cognition-related function as spine formation is considered to be associated with learning and memory. Here we show that an acute 24-hour treatment of GH can increase dendritic spine density in primary hippocampal cell cultures. DESIGN Primary hippocampal cells were harvested from embryonic Wistar rats and cultured for 14 days. Cells were treated with supra-physiological doses of GH (10-1000 nM) and subjected to a high-throughput screening protocol. Images were acquired and analyzed using automated image analysis and the number of spines, spines per neurite length, neurite length, and mean area of spines, was reported. RESULTS GH treatment (1000 nM) increased the number of dendritic spines by 83% and spines per neurite length by 82% when compared to control. For comparison BDNF, a known inducer of spine densities, produced statistically non-significant increase in this setting. CONCLUSION The results was found significant using the highest supra-physiological dose of GH, and the present study further confirms a potential role of the hormone in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nylander
- Uppsala University, The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Zelleroth
- Uppsala University, The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frida Stam
- Uppsala University, The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fred Nyberg
- Uppsala University, The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alfhild Grönbladh
- Uppsala University, The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Hallberg
- Uppsala University, The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kawa MP, Stecewicz I, Piecyk K, Paczkowska E, Rogińska D, Sobuś A, Łuczkowska K, Pius-Sadowska E, Gawrych E, Petriczko E, Walczak M, Machaliński B. The Impact of Growth Hormone Therapy on the Apoptosis Assessment in CD34+ Hematopoietic Cells from Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010111. [PMID: 28067847 PMCID: PMC5297745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) modulates hematopoietic cell homeostasis and is associated with apoptosis control, but with limited mechanistic insights. Aim of the study was to determine whether GH therapeutic supplementation (GH-TS) could affect apoptosis of CD34+ cells enriched in hematopoietic progenitor cells of GH deficient (GHD) children. CD34+ cells from peripheral blood of 40 GHD children were collected before and in 3rd and 6th month of GH-TS and compared to 60 controls adjusted for bone age, sex, and pubertal development. Next, apoptosis assessment via different molecular techniques was performed. Finally, to comprehensively characterize apoptosis process, global gene expression profile was determined using genome-wide RNA microarray technology. Results showed that GH-TS significantly reduced spontaneous apoptosis in CD34+ cells (p < 0.01) and results obtained using different methods to detect early and late apoptosis in analyzed cells population were consistent. GH-TS was also associated with significant downregulation of several members of TNF-alpha superfamily and other genes associated with apoptosis and stress response. Moreover, the significant overexpression of cyto-protective and cell cycle-associated genes was detected. These findings suggest that recombinant human GH has a direct anti-apoptotic activity in hematopoietic CD34+ cells derived from GHD subjects in course of GH-TS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Piotr Kawa
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstancow Wlkp. Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Iwona Stecewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Unii Lubelskiej Street, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Piecyk
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstancow Wlkp. Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Edyta Paczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstancow Wlkp. Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Dorota Rogińska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstancow Wlkp. Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Anna Sobuś
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstancow Wlkp. Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Karolina Łuczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstancow Wlkp. Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Ewa Pius-Sadowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstancow Wlkp. Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Gawrych
- Department of Pediatric and Oncological Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Unii Lubelskiej Street, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Petriczko
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Unii Lubelskiej Street, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Mieczysław Walczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Unii Lubelskiej Street, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstancow Wlkp. Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nylander E, Grönbladh A, Zelleroth S, Diwakarla S, Nyberg F, Hallberg M. Growth hormone is protective against acute methadone-induced toxicity by modulating the NMDA receptor complex. Neuroscience 2016; 339:538-547. [PMID: 27746341 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human growth hormone (GH) displays promising protective effects in the central nervous system after damage caused by various insults. Current evidence suggests that these effects may involve N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function, a receptor that also is believed to play a role in opioid-induced neurotoxicity. The aims of the present study were to examine the acute toxic effects of methadone, an opioid receptor agonist and NMDA receptor antagonist, as well as to evaluate the protective properties of recombinant human GH (rhGH) on methadone-induced toxicity. Primary cortical cell cultures from embryonic day 17 rats were grown for 7days in vitro. Cells were treated with methadone for 24h and the 50% lethal dose was calculated and later used for protection studies with rhGH. Cellular toxicity was determined by measuring mitochondrial activity, lactate dehydrogenase release, and caspase activation. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of NMDA receptor subunits were investigated following methadone and rhGH treatment using quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. A significant protective effect was observed with rhGH treatment on methadone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and in methadone-induced LDH release. Furthermore, methadone significantly increased caspase-3 and -7 activation but rhGH was unable to inhibit this effect. The mRNA expression of the NMDA receptor subunit GluN1, GluN2a, and GluN2b increased following methadone treatment, as assessed by qPCR, and rhGH treatment effectively normalized this expression to control levels. We have demonstrated that rhGH can rescue cells from methadone-induced toxicity by maintaining mitochondrial function, cellular integrity, and NMDA receptor complex expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nylander
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Alfhild Grönbladh
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Sofia Zelleroth
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Shanti Diwakarla
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Fred Nyberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Mathias Hallberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Keane J, Tajouri L, Gray B. Recombinant human growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 do not affect mitochondrial derived highly reactive oxygen species production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells under conditions of substrate saturation in-vitro. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:45. [PMID: 27382409 PMCID: PMC4932701 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the mitochondrial effects exerted by physiological and supra-physiological concentrations of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) and recombinant insulin-like growth factor-1 (rIGF-1) under conditions of substrate saturation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS PBMCs from healthy male subjects were treated with either rhGH, at concentrations of 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L, or rIGF-1 at concentrations of 100, 300 and 500 μg/L for 4 h. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and mitochondrial levels of highly reactive oxygen species (hROS) were subsequently analysed. This analysis was performed by flow cytometry in digitonin permeabilized cells, following treatment with saturating concentrations of various respiratory substrate combinations and the use of specific electron transport chain (ETC.) complex inhibitors, enabling control over both the sites of electron entry into the ETC. at complexes I and II and the entry of electrons from reduced carriers involved in β-oxidation at the level of ubiquinol. RESULTS Neither rhGH nor rIGF-1 exerted any significant effect on Δψm or the rate of hROS production in either lymphocyte or monocyte sub-populations under any of the respiratory conditions analysed. CONCLUSION That neither hormone was capable of attenuating levels of oxidative stress mediated via either complex I linked respiration or lipid-derived respiration could have serious health implications for the use of rhGH in healthy individuals, which is frequently associated with significant increases in the bioavailability of free fatty acids (FFA). Such elevated supplies of lipid-derived substrates to the mitochondria could lead to oxidative damage which would negatively impact mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Keane
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland Australia
| | - Lotti Tajouri
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland Australia
| | - Bon Gray
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luna-Acosta JL, Alba-Betancourt C, Martínez-Moreno CG, Ramírez C, Carranza M, Luna M, Arámburo C. Direct antiapoptotic effects of growth hormone are mediated by PI3K/Akt pathway in the chicken bursa of Fabricius. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 224:148-59. [PMID: 26231908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is expressed in several extra-pituitary tissues, including the primary and secondary lymphoid organs of the immune system. In birds, GH mRNA and protein expression show a specific developmental distribution pattern in the bursa of Fabricius (BF), particularly in epithelial and B cells. Changes in the bursal concentration and distribution of locally produced GH during ontogeny suggest it is involved in B cell differentiation and maturation, as well as in a functional survival role in this organ, which may be mediated by paracrine/autocrine mechanisms. Here, we analyzed the anti-apoptotic effect of GH in BF and the intracellular signaling pathways involved in this activity. Also, we studied if this effect was exerted directly by GH or mediated indirectly by IGF-I. Bursal cell cultures showed an important loss of their viability after 4h of incubation and a significant increase in apoptosis. However, treatment with 10nM GH or 40 nM IGF-I significantly increased B cell viability (16.7 ± 0.67% and 13.4 ± 1.12%, respectively) when compared with the untreated controls. In addition, the presence of apoptotic bodies (TUNEL) dramatically decreased (5.5-fold) after GH and IGF-I treatments, whereas co-incubation with anti-GH or anti-IGF-I, respectively, blocked their anti-apoptotic effect. Likewise, both GH and IGF-I significantly inhibited caspase-3 activity (by 40 ± 2.0%) in these cultures. However, the use of anti-IGF-I could not reverse the GH anti-apoptotic effects, thus indicating that these were exerted directly. The addition of 100 nM wortmannin (a PI3K/Akt inhibitor) blocked the GH protective effects. Also, GH stimulated (3-fold) the phosphorylation of Akt in bursal cells, and adding wortmannin or an anti-GH antibody inhibited this effect. Furthermore, GH was capable to stimulate (7-fold) the expression of Bcl-2. Taken together, these results indicate that the direct anti-apoptotic activity of GH observed in the chicken bursal B cell cultures might be mediated through the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Luna-Acosta
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Clara Alba-Betancourt
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
| | - Carlos G Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Candy Ramírez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Martha Carranza
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Maricela Luna
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Carlos Arámburo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Keane J, Tajouri L, Gray B. The effect of recombinant human growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 on the mitochondrial function and viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 40:105-15. [PMID: 25531671 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether the putative physiological benefits induced by growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are countered at supra-physiological concentrations because of an augmentation in the production of mitochondrial-derived free radicals with a subsequent increase in oxidative damage, compromising mitochondrial function. To test this hypothesis, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated for 4 h with either recombinant human GH (rhGH) (range = 0.25-100 μg/L) or recombinant IGF-1 (rIGF-1) (range = 100-600 μg/L) and along with control samples were subsequently analyzed by flow cytometry for the determination of cellular viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), mitochondrial superoxide (O2(-)) generation, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP) activity. Results showed levels of mitochondrial O2(-) generation to be significantly reduced compared with control samples (lymphocytes: 21.5 ± 1.6 AU; monocytes: 230.2 ± 9.8 AU) following rhGH treatment at both concentrations of 5 μg/L (13.5 ± 1.3 AU, P ≤ 0.05) and 10 μg/L (12.3 ± 1.5 AU, P ≤ 0.05) in lymphocytes and at 10 μg/L (153.4 ± 11.4 AU, P ≤ 0.05) in monocytes. However, no significant effect was found at either higher rhGH concentrations or following treatment with any concentration of rIGF-1. In addition, neither of the 2 hormones had any significant effect on Δψm, mtPTP activity, or on cellular viability. In conclusion, physiological concentrations of rhGH elicited a protective cellular effect through the reduction of oxidative free radicals within mitochondria. This antioxidant effect was diminished at supra-physiological concentrations but not to a level that would elicit disruption of mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Keane
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hrabia A, Leśniak-Walentyn A, Sechman A, Gertler A. Chicken oviduct-the target tissue for growth hormone action: effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis and on the gene expression of some oviduct-specific proteins. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:363-72. [PMID: 24744268 PMCID: PMC4077250 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1860-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the in vivo effect of growth hormone (GH) on cell proliferation and apoptosis and on the gene expression of selected proteins in the chicken oviduct before sexual maturity (first oviposition). Ten-week-old Hy-Line Brown chickens were injected three times a week with 200 μg · kg-1 body weight of recombinant chicken GH (cGH) until 16 weeks of age. Control hens received 0.9 % NaCl with 0.05 % bovine serum albumin as a vehicle. Treatment with cGH increased (P < 0.05) oviduct weight at 16 weeks of age, i.e. 1–2 weeks before onset of egg laying. The highest number of proliferating (determined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA] immunocytochemistry) and apoptotic (determined by TUNEL assay) cells in the oviduct was found in the mucosal epithelium, and the lowest in the stroma. Administration of cGH did not increase (P > 0.05) the number of PCNA-positive cells but it decreased (P < 0.01) the number of TUNEL-positive cells, thus increasing the proliferating-to-apoptotic cell ratio in the oviduct. Gene expression (determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction) of apoptosis-related caspase-2 in the magnum and caspase-3 in the magnum and isthmus and their activity (determined by fluorometric assay) in the magnum were attenuated (P < 0.05) in cGH-treated hens. The gene expression of the magnum-specific ovalbumin and the shell-gland-specific ovocalyxins 32 and 36 was increased (P < 0.05) in cGH-treated chickens. In contrast, the expression of Bcl-2 and of caspases 8 and 9 was not affected by cGH in any of the oviductal segments. The results suggest that GH, via the orchestration of apoptosis and expression of some oviduct-specific proteins, participates in the development and activity of the chicken oviduct prior to the onset of egg laying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hrabia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Eskander EF, Abd-Rabou AA, Mohamed MS, Yahya SMM, Shaker OG. Does HCV Patients Who Have BCL2 43Ala Genotype and Normal GH1 Levels Can Achieve Response to IFN Based Therapy? Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 27:344-50. [PMID: 24082458 PMCID: PMC3477467 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-012-0219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the current study is to examine the role of the statistical relation between BCL2 gene (Ala43Thr) single nucleotide polymorphism and growth hormone (GH1) levels in Egyptian HCV genotype-4 patients before and after treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin. Eighty patients with HCV genotype-4 and 40 healthy volunteers as controls were enrolled in the prospective study. Gene polymorphism of BCL2 (Ala43Thr) using PCR-RFLP technique and GH1 concentrations using ELISA procedure were measured for all patients and controls. The present study resulted that Responder HCV genotype-4 Patients, with BCL2 43Ala genotype, have high significant increase in pre-treatment GH1 levels (>1 ng/ml); which represent normal levels, as compared to non-responders pre-treatment GH1 levels (<1 ng/ml); which represent low concentrations. We concluded that HCV genotype-4 patients who have normal GH1 concentrations and BCL-2 43Ala genotype can successfully achieve response to interferon based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emad F. Eskander
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Abd-Rabou
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Mervat S. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Specialty, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa M. M. Yahya
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Olfat G. Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kermani H, Goffinet L, Mottet M, Bodart G, Morrhaye G, Dardenne O, Renard C, Overbergh L, Baron F, Beguin Y, Geenen V, Martens HJ. Expression of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis during Balb/c thymus ontogeny and effects of growth hormone upon ex vivo T cell differentiation. Neuroimmunomodulation 2012; 19:137-47. [PMID: 22261974 DOI: 10.1159/000328844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We address the question of the expression and the role of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis in the thymus. METHODS Using RT-qPCR, the expression profile of various components of the somatotrope GH/IGF axis was measured in different thymic cell types and during thymus embryogenesis in Balb/c mice. The effect of GH on T cell differentiation was explored via thymic organotypic culture. RESULTS Transcription of Gh, Igf1, Igf2 and their related receptors predominantly occurred in thymic epithelial cells (TEC), while a low level of Gh and Igf1r transcription was also evidenced in thymic T cells (thymocytes). Gh, Ghr, Ins2, Igf1, Igf2, and Igfr1 displayed distinct expression profiles depending on the developmental stage. The protein concentrations of IGF-1 and IGF-2 were in accordance with the profile of their gene expression. In fetal thymus organ cultures (FTOC) derived from Balb/c mice, treatment with exogenous GH resulted in a significant increase of double negative CD4-CD8- T cells and CD4+ T cells, together with a decrease in double positive CD4+CD8+ T cells. These changes were inhibited by concomitant treatment with GH and the GH receptor (GHR) antagonist pegvisomant. However, GH treatment also induced a significant decrease in FTOC Gh, Ghr and Igf1 expression. CONCLUSION These data show that the thymotropic properties of the somatotrope GH/IGF-1 axis involve an interaction between exogenous GH and GHR expressed by TEC. Since thymic IGF-1 is not increased by GH treatment, the effects of GH upon T cell differentiation could implicate a different local growth factor or cytokine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Kermani
- Center of Immunology, Institute of Pathology, University of Liège, CHU-B23, Liège-Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Merino JJ, Largo C, Caz V, Ibarra L, Posadas S, de Miguel E. Growth hormone increases neural cell adhesion polysialylation state in the dentate gyrus of γ-irradiated rats. Synapse 2011; 65:1239-43. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.20945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
12
|
Fisher G, Schwartz DD, Quindry J, Barberio MD, Foster EB, Jones KW, Pascoe DD. Lymphocyte enzymatic antioxidant responses to oxidative stress following high-intensity interval exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 110:730-7. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00575.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to 1) examine the immune and oxidative stress responses following high-intensity interval training (HIIT); 2) determine changes in antioxidant enzyme gene expression and enzyme activity in lymphocytes following HIIT; and 3) assess pre-HIIT, 3-h post-HIIT, and 24-h post-HIIT lymphocyte cell viability following hydrogen peroxide exposure in vitro. Eight recreationally active males completed three identical HIIT protocols. Blood samples were obtained at preexercise, immediately postexercise, 3 h postexercise, and 24 h postexercise. Total number of circulating leukocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as lymphocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, gene expression, cell viability (CV), and plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels, were measured. Analytes were compared using a three (day) × four (time) ANOVA with repeated measures on both day and time. The a priori significance level for all analyses was P < 0.05. Significant increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were observed in lymphocytes following HIIT. No significant increases in lymphocyte SOD, CAT, or GPX gene expression were found. A significant increase in TBARS was found immediately post-HIIT on days 1 and 2. Lymphocyte CV in vitro significantly increased on days 2 and 3 compared with day 1. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in CV at 3 h compared with pre- and 24 h postexercise. These findings indicate lymphocytes respond to oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, HIIT causes oxidative stress but did not induce a significant postexercise lymphocytopenia. Analyses in vitro suggest that lymphocytes may become more resistant to subsequent episodes of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the analysis in vitro confirms that lymphocytes are more vulnerable to cytotoxic molecules during recovery from exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Fisher
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn
| | - D. D. Schwartz
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn; and
| | - J. Quindry
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn
| | | | - E. B. Foster
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn
| | - K. W. Jones
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama
| | - D. D. Pascoe
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Esteban S, Garau C, Aparicio S, Moranta D, Barceló P, Ramis M, Tresguerres JA, Rial R. Improving Effects of Long-Term Growth Hormone Treatment on Monoaminergic Neurotransmission and Related Behavioral Tests in Aged Rats. Rejuvenation Res 2010; 13:707-16. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2010.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Esteban
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Celia Garau
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Mallorca, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Sara Aparicio
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Mallorca, Spain
| | - David Moranta
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Mallorca, Spain
- Fundación Caubet-Cimera, Hospital Joan March, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pere Barceló
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Margarita Ramis
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Rubén Rial
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rejuvenation of the aging thymus: growth hormone-mediated and ghrelin-mediated signaling pathways. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2010; 10:408-24. [PMID: 20595009 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the major fundamental causes for the aging of the immune system is the structural and functional involution of the thymus, and the associated decline in de novo naïve T-lymphocyte output. This loss of naïve T-cell production weakens the ability of the adaptive immune system to respond to new antigenic stimuli and eventually leads to a peripheral T-cell bias to the memory phenotype. While the precise mechanisms responsible for age-associated thymic involution remain unknown, a variety of theories have been forwarded including the loss of expression of various growth factors and hormones that influence the lymphoid compartment and promote thymic function. Extensive studies examining two hormones, namely growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin (GRL), have demonstrated their contributions to thymus biology. In the current review, we discuss the literature supporting a role for these hormones in thymic physiology and age-associated thymic involution and their potential use in the restoration of thymic function in aged and immunocompromised individuals.
Collapse
|
15
|
Rodríguez-Méndez AJ, Luna-Acosta JL, Carranza M, Harvey S, Arámburo C, Luna M. Growth hormone expression in stromal and non-stromal cells in the bursa of Fabricius during bursal development and involution: Causal relationships? Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 167:297-307. [PMID: 20347824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is expressed in the chicken bursa of Fabricius (BF), an organ that undergoes three distinct developmental stages: rapid growth (late embryogenesis until 6-8 weeks of age [w]), plateaued growth (between 10 and 15w), and involution (after 18-20w). The distribution and abundance of GH-immunoreactivity (GH-IR) and GH mRNA expression in stromal and non-stromal bursal cells during development, as well as the potential anti-apoptotic effect of GH in bursal cell survival were the focus of this study. GH mRNA expression was mainly in the epithelial layer and in epithelial buds at embryonic day (ED) 15; at 2w it was widely distributed within the follicle and in the interfollicular epithelium (IFE); at 10w it clearly diminished in the epithelium; whereas at 20w it occurred in only a few cortical cells and in the connective tissue. Parallel changes in the relative proportion of GH mRNA expression (12, 21, 13, 1%) and GH-IR (19, 18, 11, <3%) were observed at ED 15, 2w, 10w, and 20w, respectively. During embryogenesis, GH-IR co-localized considerably with IgM-IR, but scarcely with IgG-IR, whereas the opposite was observed after hatching. Significant differences in bursal cell death occurred during development, with 9.3% of cells being apoptotic at ED 15, 0.4% at 2w, 0.23% at 10w, and 21.1% at 20w. Addition of GH increased cultured cell survival by a mechanism that involved suppression (up to 41%) of caspase-3 activity. Results suggest that autocrine/paracrine actions of bursal GH are involved in the differentiation and proliferation of B lymphocytes and in BF growth and cell survival in embryonic and neonatal chicks, whereas diminished GH expression in adults may result in bursal involution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Rodríguez-Méndez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hattori N. Expression, regulation and biological actions of growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin in the immune system. Growth Horm IGF Res 2009; 19:187-197. [PMID: 19144554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immune and neuroendocrine systems have bidirectional communications. Growth hormone (GH) and an orexigenic hormone ghrelin are expressed in various immune cells such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. These immune cells also bear receptors for hormones: growth hormone receptor (GHR) for GH and growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) for ghrelin. The expression of GH in immune cells is stimulated by ghrelin as in anterior pituitary cells, whereas the regulation of GH secretion in the immune system by other peptides seems to be different from that in the anterior pituitary gland. Cytokines and mitogens enhance GH secretion from immune cells. GH has several biological actions in the immune system: enhancing thymopoiesis and T cell development, modulating cytokine production, enhancing B cell development and antibody production, priming neutrophils and monocytes for superoxide anion secretion, enhancing neutrophil adhesion and monocyte migration and anti-apoptotic action. Biological actions of ghrelin include attenuation of septic shock and anti-inflammatory actions, modulating phagocytosis, and enhancing thymopoiesis. The effect of ghrelin may be direct or through GH production, and that of GH may be direct or through insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) production. Elucidation of the roles of GH and ghrelin in the immune system may shed light on the treatment and prevention of immunological disorders such as AIDS and organ damages due to obesity/ageing-related chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hattori
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi-city, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schmitz D, Kobbe P, Lendemanns S, Wilsenack K, Exton M, Schedlowski M, Oberbeck R. Survival and cellular immune functions in septic mice treated with growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Growth Horm IGF Res 2008; 18:245-252. [PMID: 18023601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GH was used to counteract the catabolic metabolism in critically ill patients until it was demonstrated that administration of GH was associated with an increased morbidity due to uncontrolled infections and sepsis. The immunomodulatory effect of GH and its main mediator IGF-I during systemic inflammation remain to be established. We therefore investigated the effect of GH and IGF-I on cellular immune functions in a murine model of sepsis. DESIGN Randomized animal study. Septic mice were treated with either saline, GH (1mg/kg/24h s.c.), IGF-I (4mg/kg/24h), or GH in combination with IGF-I over a 48h period. SETTING Level 1 trauma center, university research laboratory. OBJECTS Male NMRI mice. MEASUREMENTS clinical parameters (survival rate, body weight, body temperature, fluid intake, food intake, blood glucose levels) and cellular immune functions (splenocyte proliferation by using a (3)H-thymidine incorporation assay, splenocyte apoptosis by determination of Annexin V binding capacity, splenocyte IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-alpha release by using ELISA, and distribution of circulating immune cell subsets by FACScan). RESULTS Administration of GH did not affect clinical parameters or cellular immune functions in septic mice. In contrast, treatment with IGF-I alone or in combination with GH improved splenocyte proliferation and increased the ability of splenocytes to release IL-2 and IL-6 without affecting the survival rate or any other clinical parameter determined. CONCLUSION GH did not affect cellular immune functions or the survival rate in our murine sepsis model. In contrast, IGF-I improved splenocyte proliferation and cytokine release independently of GH but did not affect the determined clinical parameters of septic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schmitz
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Redelman D, Welniak LA, Taub D, Murphy WJ. Neuroendocrine hormones such as growth hormone and prolactin are integral members of the immunological cytokine network. Cell Immunol 2008; 252:111-21. [PMID: 18313040 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine hormones such as growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) have been demonstrated to accelerate the recovery of the immune response after chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation and to enhance the restoration of immunity in individuals infected with HIV and in normal individuals with compromised immune systems associated with aging. As the mechanism of action of these hormones has been elucidated, it has become clear that they are integral members of the immunological cytokine/chemokine network and share regulatory mechanisms with a wide variety of cytokines and chemokines. The members of this cytokine network induce and can be regulated by members of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of intracellular proteins. In order to take advantage of the potential beneficial effects of hormones such as GH or PRL, it is essential to take into consideration the overall cytokine network and the regulatory effects of SOCS proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doug Redelman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, UNR Cytometry Center and Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Music has been used for therapeutic purposes since the beginning of cultural history. However, despite numerous descriptions of beneficial effects, the precise mechanisms by which music may improve human well-being remain unclear. METHODS We conducted a randomized study in ten critically ill patients to identify mechanisms of music-induced relaxation using a special selection of slow movements of Mozart's piano sonatas. These sonatas were analyzed for compositional elements of relaxation. We measured circulatory variables, brain electrical activity, serum levels of stress hormones and cytokines, requirements for sedative drugs, and level of sedation before and at the end of a 1-hr therapeutic session. RESULTS Compared with controls, we found that music application significantly reduced the amount of sedative drugs needed to achieve a comparable degree of sedation. Simultaneously, among those receiving the music intervention, plasma concentrations of growth hormone increased, whereas those of interleukin-6 and epinephrine decreased. The reduction in systemic stress hormone levels was associated with a significantly lower blood pressure and heart rate. CONCLUSION Based on the effects of slow movements of Mozart's piano sonatas, we propose a neurohumoral pathway by which music might exert its sedative action. This model includes an interaction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis with the adrenal medulla via mediators of the unspecific immune system
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Han TR, Chun MH, Jang DH, Kim KS, Lim KH, Cho HJ. Neuroprotective effects of growth hormone against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats: 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic study. J Korean Med Sci 2007; 22:122-6. [PMID: 17297264 PMCID: PMC2693548 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2007.22.1.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Using 1H-MRS, we evaluated the effects of growth hormone (GH) as a caspase inhibitor on hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal rat brains. The right common carotid arteries of rats were ligated, allowed to recover for 3 hr, and exposed to 8% oxygen for 2 hr. GH was given just prior to HI insult and animals were divided into four groups: control, intracerebroventricular (ICV), intracerebroventricular/intraperitoneal (ICV/IP), and intraperitoneal (IP). Localized in vivo 1H-MRS and TUNEL staining were performed 24 hr after HI injury. Lipid/N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and lipid/creatine (Cr) ratios were used as apoptotic markers. Gross morphologic changes at 2 weeks were used to evaluate the effects of GH. The lipid/NAA ratio was lower in the ICV and ICV/IP groups than in the control, and the lipid/Cr ratio was lower in the ICV group than in the control. The number of TUNEL positive cells was decreased in the ICV and ICV/IP groups, and the degree of morphologic change indicative of brain injury was lower in the ICV group and somewhat lower in the ICV/IP group. The degree of morphologic change correlated with the lipid/NAA and lipid/Cr ratios. These findings suggest that GH exerts neuroprotective effects in cerebral hypoxic-ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tai Ryoon Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ho Chun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Jang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Soo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun Ho Lim
- NMR Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- NMR Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Harvey S, Baudet ML, Sanders EJ. Growth hormone and cell survival in the neural retina: caspase dependence and independence. Neuroreport 2006; 17:1715-8. [PMID: 17047459 DOI: 10.1097/01.wnr.0000239952.22578.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone has recently been shown to be expressed in the retinal ganglion cells of embryonic chicks, in which it induces cell survival during neurogenesis. The mechanism of this action has been examined in neural retina explants from 6-day-old and 8-day-old embryos that were incubated for 48 h in 10 M growth hormone, to reduce the number of spontaneous apoptotic cells. This anti-apoptotic action was accompanied by a reduction in caspase-3 expression and, at embryonic day 8, by reduced expression of apoptosis inducing factor-1, which is caspase independent. These actions were specific, as other genes involved in apoptotic signaling (bcl-2, bcl-x, bid and inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1) were unaffected. These results therefore demonstrate caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways in growth hormone-induced retinal cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Harvey
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Han X, Sosnowska D, Bonkowski EL, Denson LA. Growth hormone inhibits signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation and reduces disease activity in murine colitis. Gastroenterology 2005; 129:185-203. [PMID: 16012947 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Constitutive signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 activation promotes chronic inflammation and epithelial proliferation in murine colitis and human inflammatory bowel disease. SHP-2, through binding to the glycoprotein 130 signaling receptor, negatively regulates STAT3 activation. Growth hormone reduces disease activity and promotes mucosal healing in colitis and can activate SHP-2. METHODS We hypothesized that growth hormone administration would reduce disease activity in experimental colitis and that this would involve modulation of SHP-2/glycoprotein 130 association and STAT3 activation. RESULTS Growth hormone administration improved weight gain and colon histology in interleukin 10-null mice with colitis. Growth hormone reduced apoptosis and increased proliferation of crypt epithelial cells while increasing apoptosis of lamina propria mononuclear cells. Growth hormone increased SHP-2/glycoprotein 130 association and reduced colonic STAT3 activation in interleukin 10-null mice and in biopsy samples from patients with Crohn's colitis. Expression of the antiapoptotic protein bcl-2 was increased in crypt epithelial cells after growth hormone treatment. Growth hormone increased SHP-2/glycoprotein 130 binding and reduced interleukin 6-dependent STAT3 activation in the T84 human colon carcinoma and Jurkat human T-cell leukemia lines. CONCLUSIONS Growth hormone administration improves weight gain and reduces disease activity in interleukin 10-null mice with colitis. The improvement in disease activity is associated with increased SHP-2/glycoprotein 130 binding and reduced STAT3 activation in both murine and Crohn's colitis. Growth hormone may be a useful therapy in inflammatory bowel disease, in terms of both improving anabolic metabolism and enhancing mucosal healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Han
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical cetner and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Decker D, Springer W, Tolba R, Lauschke H, Hirner A, von Ruecker A. Perioperative treatment with human growth hormone down-regulates apoptosis and increases superoxide production in PMN from patients undergoing infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Growth Horm IGF Res 2005; 15:193-199. [PMID: 15935981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2005.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2004] [Revised: 02/07/2005] [Accepted: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) therapy has a beneficial effect on catabolism and wound healing after major surgery. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) play an important role in this context. In a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial we studied the effect of perioperative hGH treatment on postoperative wound healing and on changes in superoxide generation and susceptibility to apoptosis of PMN in elderly patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. METHODS Seven patients were treated with high-dose hGH (16 U/d) for nine days, seven patients with a placebo. IGF-I, neutrophil count, O2-production induced by opsonized zymosan and apoptosis of PMN were measured and correlated with clinical outcome. RESULTS Perioperative hGH treatment more than doubled the O2- production in PMN before and 24 h after surgery (p < 0.01). The long-term capacity of PMN to generate O2 in vitro was prolonged (p < 0.001) in the hGH group. Spontaneous and Fas-inducible apoptosis was strongly down-regulated in PMN after surgery in all patients (p < 0.01). hGH-treatment distinctly reduced apoptosis in PMN before and after surgery (p < 0.01). Clinical outcome was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION Perioperative hGH treatment results in an enhanced O2- production in PMN and in a prolongation of the functional life span of these cells. This may improve immune function and help to overcome the postoperative anergic state of the immune system especially in elderly individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Decker
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular-Surgery, University Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The homeostatic corrections that have emerged in the course of human evolution to cope with catastrophic events involve a complex multisystem endeavor, of which the endocrine contribution is an integral component. Although the repertoire of endocrine changes has been probed in some detail, discerning the vulnerabilities and failure of this system is far more challenging. The ensuing endocrine topics illustrate some of the current issues reflecting attempts to gain an improved insight and clinical outcome for critical illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Nylen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, George Washington University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving St, NW, Rm GE246, Washington, DC 20422, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ptak A, Kajta M, Gregoraszczuk EL. Effect of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I on spontaneous apoptosis in cultured luteal cells collected from early, mature, and regressing porcine corpora lutea. Anim Reprod Sci 2004; 80:267-79. [PMID: 15036503 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2003.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2002] [Revised: 03/26/2003] [Accepted: 07/04/2003] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) act at a local level to inhibit luteal cell apoptosis. Luteal cells collected from the corpora lutea at different stages of the luteal phase were cultured for 24 h in M 199 medium supplemented with 5% of calf serum to cause attachment cells to the plastic. After 24 h, the media were changed and various concentrations of GH (10, 100 or 200 ng/ml) or IGF-I (30, 50 or 100 ng/ml) were added to the culture medium. Twenty-four hours later, cells were fixed for morphological assessment of apoptotic cells utilising a Hoechst staining technique. To support morphological observations, measurements of caspase-3 activity in cultured porcine luteal cells were performed. Increased incidence of apoptotic bodies and caspase-3 activity accompanied luteal regression and was associated with a decreased progesterone (P4) secretion by luteal cells. GH stimulated P4 secretion by luteal cells collected from developing (ELP) and mature (MLP) corpora lutea but had no effect on its secretion by cells collected from regressing corpora lutea (LLP). Moreover, it had no effect on the incidence of apoptotic bodies in all types of corpora lutea. However, suppression of caspase-3 activity was observed with 100 and 200 ng of GH/ml in all types of corpora lutea. IGF-I had a stimulatory effect on P4 secretion by ELP and MLP, decreased the incidence of apoptotic bodies and suppressed caspase-3 activity in cultures treated with all doses used. In conclusion, our results indicate that both GH and IGF-1 trigger anti-apoptotic effects either indirectly, by increasing progesterone secretion, or directly, through the inhibition of caspase-3 activity and subsequent prevention of apoptotic body formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ptak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University Ingardena 6, Kraków 30-060, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shin DH, Lee E, Kim JW, Kwon BS, Jung MK, Jee YH, Kim J, Bae SR, Chang YP. Protective effect of growth hormone on neuronal apoptosis after hypoxia-ischemia in the neonatal rat brain. Neurosci Lett 2004; 354:64-8. [PMID: 14698483 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that growth hormone (GH) can reduce neuronal loss after hypoxic-ischemic injury (HI) in neonatal and juvenile rat brains. Here, we investigated whether GH exerts its neuroprotective role through an anti-apoptotic effect in neonatal rat brains damaged by severe HI. Gross and histological observations showed that the extent of brain damage was found to be reduced in GH-treated brain at E7 after injury. In a terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling (TUNEL) study, TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells were localized only at the damaged region in animals treated with saline, which was confirmed by an electron microscopy. In an immunohistochemical study with anti-bcl-2, -bax, -bad, -neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), -inducible NOS (iNOS) and -endothelial NOS (eNOS) antibodies, we observed that bax, bad, iNOS and eNOS were elevated in the saline-treated group. This study thus suggests that the protective role of GH against HI injury is mediated thorough an anti-apoptotic effect, which offers the possibility of a GH application for the treatment of neonatal HI encephalopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Morales O, Samuelsson MKR, Lindgren U, Haldosén LA. Effects of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and growth hormone on apoptosis and proliferation in UMR 106 osteoblast-like cells. Endocrinology 2004; 145:87-94. [PMID: 14525911 DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms maintaining a correct balance between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts are essential for bone formation. Apoptosis has been proposed to play a key role in controlling osteoblast homeostasis. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and GH, which are important regulators of bone growth and bone metabolism, also play pivotal roles in regulation of mitogenesis, differentiation, and apoptosis. We have recently shown that 1,25(OH)2D3 prolongs GH signaling via the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5) pathway in UMR 106 osteoblast-like cells. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of GH and 1,25(OH)2D3 on proliferation and apoptosis in UMR 106 cells. We found that 1,25(OH)2D3 and GH, separate or in combination, inhibited apoptosis. GH also had profound effects on cell cycle distribution and proliferation. In addition, pretreatment of cells with 1,25(OH)2D3 was necessary to detect GH-induced MAPK activation. We hypothesize that these hormones separately regulate the processes of apoptosis and proliferation, which may be important for maintaining osteoblast cell number.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Morales
- Center for Surgical Sciences, Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|