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Sharma JN. The kinin system in hypertensive pathophysiology. Inflammopharmacology 2012; 21:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-012-0137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sharma JN. Association between the kinin–forming system and cardiovascular pathophysiology. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Sharma J, Kesavarao U. The Effects of Captopril on Cardiac Regression, Blood Pressure and Bradykinin Components in Diabetic Wistar Kyoto Rats. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:337-43. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT), total urinary kallikrein, total plasma kininogen and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in diabetic and non-diabetic Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. The MABP was significantly raised (P<0.01) in diabetic WKY rats compared to the respective controls. The LVWT was also significantly (P<0.01) increased in diabetic WKY rats than that of control WKY rats. The mean total urinary kallikrein level and the mean total plasma kininogen level were higher (P<0.01) in diabetic WKY rats, when these rats were treated with captopril (40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg) against the mean value obtained from control WKY rats. In conclusion, this investigation suggests that diabetes induced in these rats can cause hypertension, increased LVWT and changes in the BK-forming components. Captopril treatment caused reduction in MABP, regression of LVWT and alterations in bradykinin (BK)-forming components. The possible significance of these observations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.N. Sharma
- Department of Applied Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Centre Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Rocha W, Lunz W, Baldo M, Pimentel E, Dantas E, Rodrigues S, Mill J. Kinetics of cardiac and vascular remodeling by spontaneously hypertensive rats after discontinuation of long-term captopril treatment. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 43:390-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - W. Lunz
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - J.G. Mill
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
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Fiordaliso F, De Angelis N, Bai A, Cuccovillo I, Salio M, Serra DM, Bianchi R, Razzetti R, Latini R, Masson S. Effect of beta-adrenergic and renin-angiotensin system blockade on myocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress in diabetic hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2007; 81:951-9. [PMID: 17825849 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes aggravates the clinical severity and represents an additional independent risk factor of hypertension. Since both diseases separately concur to cardiomyocyte apoptosis, a mechanism at least partly involving unbalanced oxidative stress, we investigated whether the combination of diabetes and hypertension potentiated cardiac cell death in experimental models, compared to either disease alone. We also evaluated the short-term effects of different drugs in these models. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic normotensive (WKY) or hypertensive (SHR) rats were treated for one week with a DA(2)/alpha(2) agonist (CHF-1024), a selective beta1 adrenergic blocker (metoprolol), an angiotensin II-receptor blocker (valsartan) or a radical scavenger (tempol). In separate experiments, isolated cardiomyocytes were cultured in high glucose medium (25 mM) containing the same drugs. Although the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes and the myocardial density of oxygen radicals were higher in non diabetic hypertensive than in normotensive controls, diabetes raised these variables to comparable absolute levels in both strains. All drugs except metoprolol significantly reduced apoptosis and oxidative stress in the diabetic animals of both strains and in the isolated myocytes cultured with high glucose. In conclusion, hypertensive rat is no more susceptible than its normotensive control to acute apoptosis induced by diabetes. Oxidative stress might be considered the common trigger for cardiac myocyte apoptosis in both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fiordaliso
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, 20157 Milan, Italy.
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Sharma JN. Role of tissue kallikrein-kininogen-kinin pathways in the cardiovascular system. Arch Med Res 2006; 37:299-306. [PMID: 16513476 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
All the components of the kallikrein-kinin system are located in the cardiac muscle, and its deficiency may lead to cardiac dysfunction. In recent years, numerous observations obtained from clinical and experimental models of diabetes, hypertension, cardiac failure, ischemia, myocardial infarction and left ventricular hypertrophy have suggested that the reduced activity of the local kallikrein-kinin system may be instrumental for the induction of cardiovascular-related diseases. The cardioprotective property of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors is primarily mediated via kinin-releasing pathway, which may cause regression of the left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive situations. The ability of kallikrein gene delivery to produce a wide spectrum of beneficial effects makes it an excellent candidate in treating hypertension, cardiovascular and renal diseases. In addition, stable kinin agonists may also be available in the future as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular and renal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish N Sharma
- Department of Applied Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Safat, Kuwait.
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Ibrahim MA, Kanzaki T, Yamagata SI, Satoh N, Ueda S. Effect of diabetes on aortic nitric oxide synthesis in spontaneously hypertensive rats; does captopril modulate this effect? Life Sci 2005; 77:1003-14. [PMID: 15890370 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2004] [Accepted: 02/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent regulator in the cardiovascular system; it is generated by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) family of proteins. NO produced in endothelial cells plays a crucial role in vascular functions. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of diabetes on aortic NO synthesis in a model of genetic hypertension and determine whether captopril modulates this effect. Diabetes was induced in ten weeks old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by streptozotocin injection. The rats were allocated into 3 groups: control group 1, non-diabetic SHR; group 2, diabetic SHR; group 3, diabetic SHR group receiving captopril at 80 mg/kg in drinking water for 4 weeks. Mean blood pressure (MBP) was measured once a week by tail-cuff method. Aortic NO metabolities (nitrite/nitrate) and endothelial NOS (NOS-3) were assayed by Griess reaction and by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. There was a significant decrease in nitrite/nitrate (NOx) in aortas of diabetic SHR compared with controls. The decrease of aortic NOx in diabetic SHR was accompanied by a decrease in NOS-3 expression. Captopril treatment reduced MBP without affecting either NOx level or NOS-3 expression in aortas of diabetic SHR. We conclude that STZ-induced diabetes decreased NO in aortas of SHR that may reflect endothelial cell dysfunction; captopril administration decreased MBP without affecting NO level in aortas of diabetic SHR which suggest that the blood pressure-lowering effects of captopril were independent of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Ibrahim
- Department of Drug Information and Communication, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chiba City, 260-8675, Japan
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Sharma JN, Abbas SA, Yusof APM, Shah RP, Gan EK. Tissue kallikrein increases duration of survival after prolonged coronary artery ligation in hypertensive rats. Pharmacology 2004; 70:201-5. [PMID: 15001821 DOI: 10.1159/000075549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2003] [Accepted: 09/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is an important mediator in the regulation of blood pressure, and cardiac and renal hemodynamics. The present study was designed to examine the effect of tissue kallikrein and Trasylol, an inhibitor of tissue kallikrein, on survival time after continuous (prolonged) coronary artery ligation in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Tissue kallikrein (8 and 16 microg/kg, i.v.) treatment caused significant (p < 0.05) increases in the survival time of SHR as compared with the saline-treated control SHR. Trasylol pretreatment abolished (p < 0.05) the beneficial effect of tissue kallikrein on survival time. The tissue kallikrein treatment resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) of SHR as compared to the saline-treated control SHR. Trasylol (6 microg/kg) treatment antagonized the effects of tissue kallikrein associated with survival time, SBP, DBP and HR. Ligation of the coronary artery caused a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the SBP, DBP and HR of SHR, when the mean values were compared between before coronary artery ligation and after coronary artery ligation. However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in SBP, DBP and HR between saline and kallikrein-treated SHR after coronary artery ligation. These findings may suggest that tissue kallikrein is able to act as a cardioprotective agent as demonstrated by an increase in survival time of SHR with prolonged coronary artery ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish N Sharma
- Department of Applied Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
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Klett CPR, Anderson D, Sholook M, Granger JP. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed against a novel angiotensinogen mRNA-stabilizing protein reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 287:R619-26. [PMID: 15155278 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00140.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that hypertension in the young spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is associated with an elevation in tissue angiotensinogen and a novel polysomal protein known to stabilize angiotensinogen mRNA. In our current study we determined the role of the mRNA-stabilizing protein in the regulation of tissue angiotensinogen expression and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the SHR utilizing antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AON) inhibition. Three AONs (RNASTAAS1, position 31-50; RNASTAAS2, position 21-40; RNASTAAS3, position 143-162 of the cDNA coding for the polysomal protein) were administered intravenously (dose 450, 900, and 1,800 microg/kg; 1 dosage/day over 3 days) in conscious, chronically instrumented male SHRs at the age of 7 wk. Control SHRs received corresponding scrambled oligodeoxynucleotide sequences (SCR1, SCR2, SCR3). Each animal received the increasing dose schedule. RNASTAAS2 resulted in a reduced expression of the polysomal protein to 21% (liver), 12% (brain), 27% (heart), 18% (renal cortex), and 22% (renal medulla) of control. Angiotensinogen expression was inhibited to 54% (liver), 41% (brain), 68% (heart), 52% (renal cortex), and 74% (renal medulla) compared with control SHRs. Decreases in plasma concentrations of angiotensinogen and plasma renin activities were associated with a significant decrease in MAP from 147 +/- 6 mmHg (after SCR2) to 106 +/- 4 mmHg after RNASTAAS2. The effects of the two other AONs on MAP were less (RNASTAAS1, -31 mmHg; RNASTAAS3, -16 mmHg) with corresponding decreases in mRNAs coding for angiotensinogen and the polysomal protein. A significant decrease in intracellular concentrations of the polysomal protein accompanied AON inhibition. The magnitude of effects (-15 to -41 mmHg) was comparable to the effects of captopril (100 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) for 3 days: -32 mmHg) and an AT(1) receptor antagonist (L-158809, 1.5 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) for 3 days: -36 mmHg). These data suggest an important role of the mRNA-stabilizing protein for hepatic and extrahepatic angiotensinogen expression and MAP in the SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph P R Klett
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Abstract
All the components of the kallikrein-kinin system are located in the cardiac muscle, and its deficiency may lead to cardiac dysfunction. In recent years, numerous observations obtained from clinical and experimental models of diabetes, hypertension, cardiac failure, ischemia, myocardial infarction, and left ventricular hypertrophy have suggested that the reduced activity of the local kallikrein-kinin system may be instrumental for the induction of cardiovascular-related diseases. The cardioprotective property of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors is primarily mediated via the kinin-releasing pathway, which may cause regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive situations. The ability of kallikrein gene delivery to produce a wide spectrum of beneficial effects makes it an excellent candidate in treating hypertension and cardiovascular and renal diseases. In addition, stable kinin agonists may also be available in the future as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular and renal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish N Sharma
- Department of Applied Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
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Sharma JN, Abbas SA, Yusof APM, Shah RP. Evaluation of tissue kallikrein activity on survival time after acute coronary artery ligation in hypertensive rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2003; 3:329-34. [PMID: 12639810 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is known that the tissue kallikrein-kinin system is located in the cardiac tissue, and the lack of this system in the cardiac tissue might induce cardiac dysfunctions. In this study, we investigated the potential role of tissue kallikrein and Trasylol, an inhibitor of tissue kallikrein, on survival time with acute left coronary artery ligation for 15 min in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Tissue kallikrein (8 and 16 microg/kg, i.v.) treatment caused significant (P<0.05) increases in the survival time of SHR as compared with the saline-treated control SHR. Trasylol pretreatment abolished (P<0.05) the beneficial effect on tissue kallikrein on survival time. The ligation of coronary artery resulted in significant (P<0.05) reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) of SHR compared with the saline-treated control SHR. The tissue kallikrein treatment caused greater (P<0.001) reduction in the SBP, DBP and HR of SHR, when the mean values were compared between before coronary artery ligation and after coronary artery ligation. Trasylol (6 microg/kg) treatment antagonized the effects of tissue kallikrein associated with survival time, SBP, DBP and HR. These findings may suggest that tissue kallikrein is able to act as a cardioprotective agent as demonstrated by the increase in survival time of SHR with acute coronary artery ligation. The significance of these observations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish N Sharma
- Department of Applied Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
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