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Min SH, Zheng QQ. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of NM23 expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27919. [PMID: 34964763 PMCID: PMC8615335 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a heated debate on the clinicopathological features and prognostic significance with non-metastasis 23 (NM23) expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of NM23 for NSCLC patients. METHODS Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science were exhaustively searched to identify relevant studies published prior to March, 2020. Odds radios (ORs) and hazard radios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to summarize the statistics of clinicopathological and prognostic assessments. Q-test and I2-statistic were utilized to assess heterogeneity across the included studies. We also performed subgroup analyses and meta-regression analyses to identify the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was detected by Begg and Egger tests. Sensitivity analysis was used to value the stability of our results. All the data were analyzed using statistical packages implemented in R version 4.0.5. RESULTS Data from a total of 3170 patients from 36 studies were extracted. The meta-analysis revealed that low expression of NM23 was correlated with higher risk of NSCLC (OR = 4.35; 95% CI: 2.76-6.85; P < .01), poorer tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.01-1.90; P = .04), poorer differentiation degree (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.01-1.86; P = .04), positive lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.22-2.74; P < .01), lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.20-1.75; P < .01), and poorer 5-year overall survival (OS) rate (hazard radio = 2.33; 95%CI: 1.32-4.11; P < .01). The subgroup analyses and meta-regression analyses suggested that the "Publication year", "Country", "Sample size", and "Cutoff value" might be the source of heterogeneity in TNM staging, differentiation degree, and lymph node metastasis. Both Begg test and Egger test verified that there were publication bias in 5-year OS rate. Sensitivity analysis supported the credibility of the results. CONCLUSION The reduced NM23 expression is strongly associated with higher risk of NSCLC, higher TNM staging, poorer differentiation degree, positive lymph node metastasis, lung adenocarcinoma, and poorer 5-year OS rate in NSCLC patients, which indicated that NM23 could serve as a biomarker predicating the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-hui Min
- Department of Oncology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qiang-qiang Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Fu LJ, Liu XQ, Hu ZY, Jiang Y, Gao RF, Feng Q, Lan X, Geng YQ, Chen XM, He JL, Wang YX, Ding YB. nm23 regulates decidualization through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathways in mice and humans. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:2339-51. [PMID: 27604954 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does nm23 have functional significance in decidualization in mice and humans? SUMMARY ANSWER nm23 affects decidualization via the phosphoinositide 3 kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-Akt-mTOR) signaling pathways in mouse endometrial stromal cells (ESCs; mESCs) and human ESCs. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The function of nm23 in suppressing metastasis has been demonstrated in a variety of cancer types. nm23 also participates in the control of DNA replication and cell proliferation and differentiation. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE AND DURATION We first analyzed the expression profile of nm23 in mice during early pregnancy (n = 6/group), pseudopregnancy (n = 6/group) and artificial decidualization (n = 6/group) and in humans during the menstrual cycle phases and the first trimester. We then used primary cultured mESCs and a human ESC line, T-HESC, to explore the hormonal regulation of nm23 and the roles of nm23 in in vitro decidualization, and as a possible mediator of downstream PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathways. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS AND METHODS We evaluated the dynamic expression of nm23 in mice and humans using immunohistochemistry, western blot and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR). Regulation of nm23 by steroid hormones was investigated in isolated primary mESCs and T-HESCs by western blot. The effect of nm23 knockdown (using siRNA) on ESC proliferation was analyzed by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining (EdU) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein (PCNA) expression. The influence of nm23 expression on the differentiation of ESCs was determined by RT-qPCR using the mouse differentiation markers decidual/trophoblast PRL-related protein (dtprp, also named prl8a2) and prolactin family 3 subfamily c member 1 (prl3c1) and the human differentiation markers insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) and prolactin (PRL). The effects of nm23 siRNA (si-nm23) and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 on the downstream effects of nm23 on the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway were estimated by western blot. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE NM23-M1 was specifically expressed in the decidual zone during early pregnancy and in artificially induced deciduoma, and NM23-H1 was strongly expressed in human first trimester decidua. The expression of nm23 was upregulated by oestradiol and progesterone (P < 0.05 versus control) in vitro in mESCs and T-HESC, and this was inhibited by their respective receptor antagonists, ICI 182,780 and RU486. Mouse and human nm23 knockdown decreased ESC proliferation and differentiation (P < 0.05 versus control). The PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathways were downstream mediators of nm23 in mESCs and T-HESCs decidualization. LIMITATIONS AND REASONS FOR CAUTION Whether the nm23 regulates decidualization via the activation of AMPK, RAS, PKA, STAT3 or other signaling molecules remains to be determined. The role of nm23 in decidualization was tested in vitro only. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Results demonstrate that nm23 plays a vital role in decidualization in mice and humans and that nm23 gene expression is hormonally regulated. The downregulation of nm23 in decidua during the first trimester may be associated with infertility in women. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 81370731, 31571551 and 31571190), the Science and Technology Project of Chongqing Education Committee (KJ130309), open funding by the Chongqing Institute for Family Planning (1201) and the Excellent Young Scholars of Chongqing Medical University (CQYQ201302). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Fu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo-Ying Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh 15261, PA, USA
| | - Ru-Fei Gao
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Qian Feng
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Xi Lan
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Qing Geng
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Lin He
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are important players in pancreatic fibrosis and are major contributors to the extracellular matrix proteins observed with the stromal response characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Pancreatic stellate cells are also believed to secrete soluble factors that promote tumor progression; however, no comprehensive analysis of the PSC proteome in either the quiescent or the activated state has been reported. METHODS Using 2-dimensional tandem mass spectrometry and the RLT-PSC cell line, we present the first comprehensive study describing and comparing the quiescent and activated human PSC-secreted proteomes. RESULTS Very few proteins are secreted in the quiescent state. In stark contrast, activated PSCs secreted a vast array of proteins. Many of these proteins differed from those secreted by PDAC-derived cell lines. Proteins associated with wound healing, proliferation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and invasion were characterized. Selected proteins were verified in human tissue samples from PDAC, dysplastic pancreas, and normal pancreas using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. CONCLUSIONS Our study represents the first comprehensive analysis of proteins secreted by PSCs. These findings lay the foundation for characterizing PSC-derived proteins involved in stroma-tumor interactions and the promotion of pancreatitis and PDAC.
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Benevolo M, Terrenato I, Mottolese M, Marandino F, Muti P, Carosi M, Rollo F, Ronchetti L, Mariani L, Vocaturo G, Vocaturo A. Comparative evaluation of nm23 and p16 expression as biomarkers of high-risk human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ lesions of the uterine cervix. Histopathology 2010; 57:580-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03674.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Feng CY, Wang PH, Tsai HT, Tee YT, Ko JL, Chen SC, Lin CY, Han CP, Yang JS, Liu YF, Lin LY, Yang SF. Polymorphisms of Human Nonmetastatic Clone 23 Type 1 Gene and Neoplastic Lesions of Uterine Cervix. Reprod Sci 2010; 17:886-93. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719110373661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yen Feng
- Department of Surgery, Da Chien General Hospital, Miao-Li County, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,
| | - Hsiu-Ting Tsai
- School of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Torng Tee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Toxicology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Chih Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Han
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Clinical Trial Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan 10
| | - Jia-Sin Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Long-Yau Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,
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Hsu CG, Lin LY, Ko JL, Yang SF, Chang H, Lin CY, Tsai HT, Chen SC, Chen SC, Wang PH. High expression of human nonmetastatic clone 23 type 1 in cancer of uterine cervix and its association with poor cell differentiation and worse overall survival. J Surg Oncol 2008; 98:448-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.21127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Wang PH, Yang SF, Chen GD, Han CP, Chen SC, Lin LY, Ko JL. Human nonmetastatic clone 23 type 1 gene suppresses migration of cervical cancer cells and enhances the migration inhibition of fungal immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma tsugae. Reprod Sci 2007; 14:475-85. [PMID: 17913967 DOI: 10.1177/1933719107305035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The authors investigate the effects of human nonmetastatic clone 23 type 1 (nm23-H1 ) gene and fungal immunomodulatory protein-Ganoderma tsugae (FIP-gts) on the metastatic potential of cervical cancer cells and assess whether nm23-H1 can influence the action of FIP-gts using cell migration and invasion assays and gelatin zymography. The nm23-H1 gene was stably transfected into Caski cells, which lacked nm23-H1 expression. The results show that nm23-H1 stably transfected Caski cells exhibit reduced cell migration but no change of cell invasion and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 activities. FIP-gts reduced cell migration in SiHa and nm23-H1 transfected Caski cells more significantly compared with Caski cells and reduced invasion in Caski and nm23-H1-transfected Caski cells, but it exerted no influence on MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in them. Conclusively, the nm23-H1 gene suppresses cervical cancer cell migration but not invasion and activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and enhances the inhibition of FIP-gts upon migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hsu CG, Wang PH, Ko JL, Chen GD, Chang H, Yang SF, Chen SC, Lin LY. Concurrent high expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase and human nonmetastatic clone 23 in high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 17:851-7. [PMID: 17359290 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.00894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and human nonmetastatic clone 23 (nm23-H1) may be separately involved in tumor progression of uterine cervix. We therefore investigate the correlations of hTERT and nm23-H1 in cervical carcinogenesis and further check their application. One hundred and twenty-eight cervical tissues, including 48 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 36 high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (CIN 2 and CIN 3), 20 low-grade CIN 1, and 24 normal cases, were collected for immunohistochemical expression of hTERT and nm23-H1. Spearman rank correlation analysis was applied to assess their correlation in these samples. The Fisher exact or Chi-square test was used to evaluate the expression of hTERT or nm23-H1 among each subgroup. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and accuracy of hTERT and/or nm23-H1 were calculated for the prediction of high-grade CIN and SCC. We found normal cervix and CIN 1 samples had concurrent low expression of hTERT and nm23-H1, whereas high-grade CIN and SCC samples had concurrent high immunoreactivities. The hTERT alone and hTERT or nm23-H1 in combination had better sensitivity, NPV, and accuracy. The nm23-H1 alone as well as hTERT and nm23-H1 in combination had better specificity and PPV. Our results reveal a significantly positive relationship between expression of hTERT and nm23-H1 in normal and neoplastic tissues of uterine cervix. We suggest high expression of hTERT alone and hTERT or nm23-H1 in combination can be offered additional molecular information correlated with high-grade CIN and SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-G Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
The protein product of nm23-H1 gene has activity of nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of nucleoside diphosphates to the corresponding nucleoside triphosphates. Reductions in nm23 expression have been significantly associated with aggressive behavior in melanoma, breast, colon, and gastric carcinomas. On the contrary, high levels of nm23 gene expression are noted in the advanced stage of thyroid carcinomas and associated with significant reductions in survival for neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma patients. Although expression of nm23/NDP kinase is divergent in various malignant tumors, its reduced expression seems to be related to increased metastatic potential in most carcinoma types. However, it is hypothesized that nm23 may play a tissue-specific role, and that different regulatory mechanisms may act in different tumors. In ovarian carcinoma, nm23-H1/NDP kinase may be correlated with some clinicopathologic characteristics. In cervical cancer, nm23-H1 is probably involved in cervical carcinogenesis and correlated with some aggressive parameters. Overexpression of nm23-H1 protein may indicate poor survival for cervical cancer patients. Other than histidine 118 residue (amino acid sequence 118: histidine) concerned with NDP kinase activity of nm23-H1, serine 120 (amino acid sequence 120: serine) related activity of histidine-dependent protein phosphotransfer was recently reported to be responsible for its biological suppressive effects. To inhibit metastatic potential, nm23-H1 is also demonstrated to co-immunoprecipitate the kinase suppressor of Ras and phosphorylate it, and therefore reduce activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in response to signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Torng Tee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Branca M, Giorgi C, Ciotti M, Santini D, Di Bonito L, Costa S, Benedetto A, Bonifacio D, Di Bonito P, Paba P, Accardi L, Mariani L, Ruutu M, Favalli C, Syrjänen K. Down-regulated nucleoside diphosphate kinase nm23-H1 expression is unrelated to high-risk human papillomavirus but associated with progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and unfavourable prognosis in cervical cancer. J Clin Pathol 2006; 59:1044-51. [PMID: 16537673 PMCID: PMC1861749 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2005.033142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the factors leading to an invasive phenotype is the nm23 family of metastases-associated genes. Of the six known members, nm23-H1 is the most frequently studied potential anti-metastatic gene in cervical cancer. However, the possible molecular links to oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) are completely unexplored as yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS As a part of the HPV-Pathogen Istituto Superiore di Sanità study, a series of 150 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 152 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions were examined by immunohistochemical staining for nm23-H1, and tested for HPV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with three sets of primers (MY09/11, GP5(+)/GP6(+) and short PCR fragment). Follow-up data were available on all patients with SCC, and 67 CIN lesions were monitored by serial PCR for clearance or persistence of HPV after cone treatment. RESULTS A linear decrease (p = 0.001) was observed in nm23-H1 expression, starting from CIN1 (85% with normal expression), with the most dramatic down regulation on transition from CIN2 (70% normal) to CIN3 (39%) and further to SCC (25%). Reduced expression was associated with CIN3 or cancer at an odds ratio 8.72 (95% confidence interval 4.13 to 18.41). Nm23-H1 was of no use as a marker of the high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) type, and it did not predict clearance or persistence of HR-HPV after treatment of CIN. Importantly, nm23-H1 expression was a significant prognostic factor in cervical cancer, reduced expression being associated with lower survival (p = 0.022) in univariate analysis. In the multivariate (Cox) regression model, however, only the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (p = 0.001) and age (p = 0.011) remained independent prognostic predictors. CONCLUSIONS Down-regulated nm23-H1 expression is markedly associated with progression from CIN2 to CIN3, and predicts poor prognosis in cervical cancer. Nm23-H1 down regulation is probably orchestrated by mechanisms independent of HR-HPV oncoproteins and is possibly related to the emergence of a proteolytic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Branca
- Unità Citoistopatologia, Centro Nazionale di Epidemiologia, Sorveglianza e Promozione della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
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