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Liu B, Han S, Modarres-Sadeghi Y, Lynch ME. Multiphysics simulation of a compression-perfusion combined bioreactor to predict the mechanical microenvironment during bone metastatic breast cancer loading experiments. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:1779-1792. [PMID: 33491767 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Incurable breast cancer bone metastasis causes widespread bone loss, resulting in fragility, pain, increased fracture risk, and ultimately increased patient mortality. Increased mechanical signals in the skeleton are anabolic and protect against bone loss, and they may also do so during osteolytic bone metastasis. Skeletal mechanical signals include interdependent tissue deformations and interstitial fluid flow, but how metastatic tumor cells respond to each of these individual signals remains underinvestigated, a barrier to translation to the clinic. To delineate their respective roles, we report computed estimates of the internal mechanical field of a bone mimetic scaffold undergoing combinations of high and low compression and perfusion using multiphysics simulations. Simulations were conducted in advance of multimodal loading bioreactor experiments with bone metastatic breast cancer cells to ensure that mechanical stimuli occurring internally were physiological and anabolic. Our results show that mechanical stimuli throughout the scaffold were within the anabolic range of bone cells in all loading configurations, were homogenously distributed throughout, and that combined high magnitude compression and perfusion synergized to produce the largest wall shear stresses within the scaffold. These simulations, when combined with experiments, will shed light on how increased mechanical loading in the skeleton may confer anti-tumorigenic effects during metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Suyue Han
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yahya Modarres-Sadeghi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maureen E Lynch
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Ganss R. Keeping the Balance Right. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 133:93-121. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Akiyoshi K, Kamada M, Akiyama N, Suzuki M, Watanabe M, Fujioka K, Ikeda K, Mizuno S, Manome Y. Morphological study of the TK cholangiocarcinoma cell line with three-dimensional cell culture. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1359-64. [PMID: 24535710 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is an intractable carcinoma originating from the bile duct epithelium. To gain an understanding of the cell biology of cholangiocarcinoma, in vitro cell culture is valuable. However, well‑characterized cell lines are limited. In the present study, the morphology of the TK cholangiocarcinoma cell line was analyzed by three‑dimensional culture. Dispersed TK cells were injected into a gelatin mesh scaffold and cultivated for 3‑20 days. The morphology of the TK cells was investigated by phase‑contrast microscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TK cells were observed to proliferate three-dimensionally in the scaffold. The cells exhibited a globoid structure and attached to the scaffold. The SEM observation demonstrated typical microvilli and plicae on the surface of the structure. Light microscopy and TEM confirmed intercellular and cell‑to‑scaffold attachment in the three‑dimensional mesh. The culture also exhibited the formation of a duct-like structure covered by structured microvilli. In conclusion, three‑dimensional culture of TK cells demonstrated the morphological characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma in vitro. Production of high levels of carbohydrate antigen (CA)19‑9, CA50 and carcinoembryonic antigen was previously confirmed in the TK cell line. As a characteristic morphology was demonstrated in the present study, the TK cholangiocarcinoma cell line may be useful as an experimental model for further study of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Akiyoshi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Minori Kamada
- Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Nobutake Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Masafumi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | | | - Kouki Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shuichi Mizuno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yoshinobu Manome
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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Lunt SJ, Fyles A, Hill RP, Milosevic M. Interstitial fluid pressure in tumors: therapeutic barrier and biomarker of angiogenesis. Future Oncol 2008; 4:793-802. [DOI: 10.2217/14796694.4.6.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial fluid pressure is elevated in virtually all solid malignant tumors as a result of abnormalities of the vasculature and interstitium. High interstitial fluid pressure is an independent predictor of disease recurrence in cervical cancer patients treated with radiotherapy, has been implicated as an important factor that impairs the delivery of chemotherapy to tumors and may influence the regulation and distribution of cytokines and growth factors. Targeted molecular treatments that inhibit angiogenesis or alter interstitial fluid dynamics also produce early reductions in interstitial fluid pressure. Reductions in interstitial fluid pressure due to anti-angiogenic treatment have been associated with improved therapeutic outcome in preclinical studies when these agents are combined with radiotherapy or conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Pretreatment interstitial fluid pressure and the change in pressure during treatment may provide important predictive information that in the future will be used to optimize therapy in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jane Lunt
- Division of Applied Molecular Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony Fyles
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Richard P Hill
- Division of Applied Molecular Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Milosevic
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
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Ogawa R. Keloid and hypertrophic scarring may result from a mechanoreceptor or mechanosensitive nociceptor disorder. Med Hypotheses 2008; 71:493-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Vascular normalization in Rgs5-deficient tumours promotes immune destruction. Nature 2008; 453:410-4. [PMID: 18418378 DOI: 10.1038/nature06868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The vasculature of solid tumours is morphologically aberrant and characterized by dilated and fragile vessels, intensive vessel sprouting and loss of hierarchical architecture. Constant vessel remodelling leads to spontaneous haemorrhages and increased interstitial fluid pressure in the tumour environment. Tumour-related angiogenesis supports tumour growth and is also a major obstacle for successful immune therapy as it prevents migration of immune effector cells into established tumour parenchyma. The molecular mechanisms for these angiogenic alterations are largely unknown. Here we identify regulator of G-protein signalling 5 (Rgs5) as a master gene responsible for the abnormal tumour vascular morphology in mice. Loss of Rgs5 results in pericyte maturation, vascular normalization and consequent marked reductions in tumour hypoxia and vessel leakiness. These vascular and intratumoral changes enhance influx of immune effector cells into tumour parenchyma and markedly prolong survival of tumour-bearing mice. This is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of reduced tumour angiogenesis and improved immune therapeutic outcome on loss of a vascular gene function and establishes a previously unrecognized role of G-protein signalling in tumour angiogenesis.
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Mizuno S. A novel method for assessing effects of hydrostatic fluid pressure on intracellular calcium: a study with bovine articular chondrocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 288:C329-37. [PMID: 15643052 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00131.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocytes in articular cartilage are exposed to hydrostatic pressure and distortional stress during weight bearing and joint loading. Because these stresses occur simultaneously in articular cartilage, the mechanism of mechanosignal transduction due to hydrostatic pressure alone in chondrocytes is not clear. In this study, we attempted to characterize the change in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in response to the application of hydrostatic fluid pressure (HFP) to cultured bovine articular chondrocytes isolated from defined surface (SZ) and middle zones (MZ) by using a fluorescent indicator (X-rhod-1 AM), a novel custom-made pressure-proof optical chamber, and laser confocal microscopy. Critical methodology implemented in this experiment involved application of high levels of HFP to the cells and the use of a novel imaging apparatus to measure the peak [Ca2+]i in individual cells. The peak [Ca2+]i in MZ cells cultured for 5 days showed a significant twofold increase after the application of HFP at constant 0.5 MPa for 5 min. The peak [Ca2+]i in SZ cells was lower (43%) than that of MZ cells. The peak was suppressed with an inhibitor of dantrolene, gadolinium, or a calcium ion-free buffer, but not with verapamil. This study indicated that the increase in [Ca2+]i in chondrocytes to HFP is dependent on the zonal origin. HFP stimulates calcium mobilization and stretch-activated channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Mizuno
- Department of Orthopedic Surger, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Berger M, Bergers G, Arnold B, Hämmerling GJ, Ganss R. Regulator of G-protein signaling-5 induction in pericytes coincides with active vessel remodeling during neovascularization. Blood 2004; 105:1094-101. [PMID: 15459006 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-06-2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified regulator of G-protein signaling-5 (RGS-5) as an angiogenic pericyte marker at sites of physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. In a mouse model of pancreatic islet cell carcinogenesis, RGS-5 is specifically induced in the vasculature of premalignant lesions during the "angiogenic switch" and further elevated in tumor vessels. Similarly, RGS-5 is overexpressed in highly angiogenic astrocytomas but not in hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha)-deficient tumors, which grow along preexisting brain capillaries without inducing neovessels. Elevated levels of RGS-5 in pericytes are also observed during wound healing and ovulation indicating a strong correlation between RGS-5 expression and active vessel remodeling beyond tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, antitumor therapy, which reverses tumor vasculature to an almost normal morphology, results in down-regulation of RGS-5 transcription. Taken together, these data demonstrate for the first time a factor that is specific for "activated" pericytes. This further supports the notion that pericytes, like endothelial cells, undergo molecular changes during neovascularization that makes them a novel target for antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Berger
- Department of Molecular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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