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Li J, Wei S, Marabada D, Wang Z, Huang Q. Research Progress of Natural Matrine Compounds and Synthetic Matrine Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:5780. [PMID: 37570750 PMCID: PMC10421345 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrine is a quinoline alkaloid extracted and separated from the dried root, fruit, and other parts of the plant Sophora flavescens using an organic solvent. Matrine exhibits a variety of biological activities and is widely used in pharmacy, agronomy, and other fields. Due to its low bioavailability, poor chemical stability, and toxicity to the central nervous system, a large number of researchers have searched for matrine derivatives with higher biological activity and safety by modifying its structure. In this review article, the research progress of matrine derivatives obtained using two methods (extraction from Sophora flavescens and structural modifications) from 2018 to 2022 in terms of pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, and structure-activity relationship are presented. The modification of matrine over the past five years has been mainly on the D-ring. Many new matrine alkaloids have been extracted from natural products, some of which have good pharmacological activity, which broadens the strategy for matrine structural modification in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (J.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Shijie Wei
- Pharmacy Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China;
| | - Davies Marabada
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (J.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (J.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Qing Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (J.L.); (D.M.)
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2
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Phytotherapeutic applications of alkaloids in treating breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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3
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Li XL, Zhao HT, Han J, Yan ZR, Wang HY. Toxic encephalopathy induced by radix Sophorae tonkinensis. Acta Neurol Belg 2022; 122:855-858. [PMID: 33417151 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-020-01587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Yuan W, Huang Z, Xiao S, Zhang Y, Chen W, Ye J, Xu X, Zu X, Shen Y. Systematic analysis of chemical profiles of Sophorae tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma in vitro and in vivo by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS E. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5357. [PMID: 35191054 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sophorae tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma (S. tonkinensis) has been recorded as a "poisonous" Chinese herbal medicine in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020. The clinical reaction reports of S. tonkinensis indicated its neurotoxicity, there exists still dispute about its toxic substances. At present, there is no report on the blood and brain prototype research of S. tonkinensis. Most studies focused on alkaloids, and less on other compounds. Moreover, the constituents absorbed into the blood and brain were rarely investigated so far. In this study, a rapid and efficient qualitative analysis method was established by UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE to characterize S. tonkinensis ingredients and those entering into the rat body after oral administration. A total of 91 compounds were identified in S. tonkinensis, of which 28 were confirmed by the standards. 30 and 19 prototypes were also firstly identified in rat blood and brain, respectively. It was found that except for alkaloids, most flavonoids were detected in the rat body and distributed in the cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting that flavonoids may be one of the important toxic or effective substances of S. tonkinensis, which provides new clues and data for clarifying its toxicity or efficacy of the medical plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Yuan
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengrui Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijia Xiao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Ye
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xike Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunheng Shen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Garone G, Graziola F, Grasso M, Capuano A. Acute Movement Disorders in Childhood. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122671. [PMID: 34204464 PMCID: PMC8234395 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-onset movement disorders (MDs) are an increasingly recognized neurological emergency in both adults and children. The spectrum of possible causes is wide, and diagnostic work-up is challenging. In their acute presentation, MDs may represent the prominent symptom or an important diagnostic clue in a broader constellation of neurological and extraneurological signs. The diagnostic approach relies on the definition of the overall clinical syndrome and on the recognition of the prominent MD phenomenology. The recognition of the underlying disorder is crucial since many causes are treatable. In this review, we summarize common and uncommon causes of acute-onset movement disorders, focusing on clinical presentation and appropriate diagnostic investigations. Both acquired (immune-mediated, infectious, vascular, toxic, metabolic) and genetic disorders causing acute MDs are reviewed, in order to provide a useful clinician’s guide to this expanding field of pediatric neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Garone
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (G.G.); (F.G.); (M.G.)
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Graziola
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (G.G.); (F.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Melissa Grasso
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (G.G.); (F.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Alessandro Capuano
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (G.G.); (F.G.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Li X, Tang Z, Wen L, Jiang C, Feng Q. Matrine: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, clinical application and preparation researches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113682. [PMID: 33307055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Dogel ebs" was known as Sophora flavescens Ait., which has been widely utilized in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese Mongolian herbal medicine for thousands of years. Shen Nong's Materia Medica (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing in Chinese pinyin) recorded that it is bitter in taste and cold in nature with the effect of clearing heat and eliminating dampness, insecticide, diuresis. Due to its extensive application in the fields of ethnopharmacological utilization, the pharmaceutical researches of Sophora flavescens Ait.s keeps deepening. Modern pharmacological studies have exhibited that matrine, which is rich in this traditional herbal medicine, mediates its main biological properties. AIMS OF THE REVIEW This review aimed at summarizing the latest and comprehensive information of matrine on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, clinical application and preparation researches to explore the therapeutic potential of this natural ingredient. In addition, outlooks and perspective for possible future researches that related are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Related information concerning matrine was gathered from the internet database of Google scholar, Pubmed, ResearchGate, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library with the keywords including "matrine", "pharmacology", "toxicology" and "pharmacokinetics", "clinical application", etc. RESULTS: Based on literatures, matrine has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, detoxification and so on. Nevertheless, there are still some doubts about it due to the toxicity and questionable bioavailability that does exist. CONCLUSIONS Future researches directions probably include elucidate the mechanism of its toxicity and accurately tracing the in vivo behavior of its drug delivery system. Without doubt, integration of toxicity and efficiency and structure modification based on it are also pivotal methods to enhance pharmacological activity and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ziwei Tang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Beibei Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Li Wen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cen Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Quansheng Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Tan YQ, Zhang X, Zhang S, Zhu T, Garg M, Lobie PE, Pandey V. Mitochondria: The metabolic switch of cellular oncogenic transformation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188534. [PMID: 33794332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, well recognized as the "powerhouse" of cells, are maternally inherited organelles with bacterial ancestry that play essential roles in a myriad of cellular functions. It has become profoundly evident that mitochondria regulate a wide array of cellular and metabolic functions, including biosynthetic metabolism, cell signaling, redox homeostasis, and cell survival. Correspondingly, defects in normal mitochondrial functioning have been implicated in various human malignancies. Cancer development involves the activation of oncogenes, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and impairment of apoptotic programs in cells. Mitochondria have been recognized as the site of key metabolic switches for normal cells to acquire a malignant phenotype. This review outlines the role of mitochondria in human malignancies and highlights potential aspects of mitochondrial metabolism that could be targeted for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin Tan
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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8
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Luo YR, Goodnough R, Yun C, Wu AHB, Lynch KL. Establishment of a High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Spectral Library for Screening Toxic Natural Products. J Anal Toxicol 2021; 46:303-321. [PMID: 33506876 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many natural products have biological effects on humans and animals. Poisoning caused by natural products is common in clinical toxicology cases. Liquid chromatography-high-resolution-mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) has recently emerged as a powerful analytical tool for large-scale target screening, and the application of LC-HRMS can be expanded to evaluate potential natural product poisoning in clinical cases. We report the construction of an LC-HRMS spectral library of 95 natural products commonly implicated in poisoning, and an LC-HRMS assay was validated for definitive detection of natural products in urine and serum samples. For each compound, the limit of detection (LOD) was determined in the analytical range of 1.0 - 1000 ng/mL for urine samples and 0.50 - 500 ng/mL for serum samples. The mean (SD) of matrix effects for urine samples and that for serum samples were both -21% (22%), and the mean (SD) of recovery for serum samples was 89% (26%). The LC-HRMS assay was successfully applied to identify natural products in clinical cases. The spectral library parameters of each compound are provided in the supplementary material to aid other laboratories in identification of unknown natural toxins and development of similar methods on different mass spectrometry platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Ruben Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Goodnough
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cassandra Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan H B Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kara L Lynch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Aung TN, Nourmohammadi S, Qu Z, Harata-Lee Y, Cui J, Shen HY, Yool AJ, Pukala T, Du H, Kortschak RD, Wei W, Adelson DL. Fractional Deletion of Compound Kushen Injection Indicates Cytokine Signaling Pathways are Critical for its Perturbation of the Cell Cycle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14200. [PMID: 31578346 PMCID: PMC6775143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We used computational and experimental biology approaches to identify candidate mechanisms of action of aTraditional Chinese Medicine, Compound Kushen Injection (CKI), in a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Because CKI is a complex mixture of plant secondary metabolites, we used a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and reconstitution approach to define chemical fractions required for CKI to induce apoptosis. The initial fractionation separated major from minor compounds, and it showed that major compounds accounted for little of the activity of CKI. Furthermore, removal of no single major compound altered the effect of CKI on cell viability and apoptosis. However, simultaneous removal of two major compounds identified oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine as critical with respect to CKI activity. Transcriptome analysis was used to correlate compound removal with gene expression and phenotype data. Many compounds in CKI are required to trigger apoptosis but significant modulation of its activity is conferred by a small number of compounds. In conclusion, CKI may be typical of many plant based extracts that contain many compounds in that no single compound is responsible for all of the bioactivity of the mixture and that many compounds interact in a complex fashion to influence a network containing many targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Aung
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - S Nourmohammadi
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Z Qu
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Y Harata-Lee
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - J Cui
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - H Y Shen
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - A J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - T Pukala
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Hong Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - R D Kortschak
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - W Wei
- Beijing Zhendong Guangming Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shanxi - Zhendong Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - D L Adelson
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
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Gu Y, Lu J, Sun W, Jin R, Ohira T, Zhang Z, Tian X. Oxymatrine and its metabolite matrine contribute to the hepatotoxicity induced by radix Sophorae tonkinensis in mice. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2519-2528. [PMID: 30906440 PMCID: PMC6425122 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies by our group demonstrated that radix Sophorae tonkinensis could induce hepatotoxicity. However, it remains unclear which components of this herb may be responsible for its hepatotoxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the hepatic toxicity of treatment with matrine (MT) and oxymatrine (OMT) alone or simultaneously. Furthermore, the current study aimed to identify whether the hepatotoxicity induced by OMT is actually the toxic characterization of its metabolite MT. Hepatotoxicity was evaluated by biochemical and histopathological approaches in subchronic toxicity in mice, as well as via evaluation of cytotoxicity and enzyme leakage in AML12 liver cells. The results indicated that treatment of mice with OMT and MT individually or simultaneously resulted in centrilobular hypertrophy in the liver at doses equivalent to that contained in radix S. tonkinensis at a hepatotoxic dose, suggesting that MT and OMT are likely hepatotoxic components of this herb. OMT-induced hepatotoxicity may be primarily exerted via its metabolite MT in mice. Furthermore, OMT combined with MT was observed to be more toxic compared with OMT or MT alone. These results extend our understanding of the hepatotoxicity of radix S. tonkinensis and its active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmin Gu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Center for Laboratory Animals, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jinyao Lu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Center for Laboratory Animals, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Center for Laboratory Animals, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Ruomin Jin
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Center for Laboratory Animals, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Toko Ohira
- Shanghai Innostar Biotech Co., Ltd., China National Shanghai Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Zean Zhang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Center for Laboratory Animals, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xuesong Tian
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Center for Laboratory Animals, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Wang L, Lu J, Sun W, Gu Y, Zhang C, Jin R, Li L, Zhang Z, Tian X. Hepatotoxicity induced by radix Sophorae tonkinensis in mice and increased serum cholinesterase as a potential supplemental biomarker for liver injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:193-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Matrine compromises mouse sperm functions by a [Ca(2+)]i-related mechanism. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 60:69-75. [PMID: 26867864 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Matrine, a bioactive alkaloid widely used in Chinese medicine, inhibits mouse sperm functions in vitro. In this study, we investigated the reproductive toxicity of matrine to male mice in vivo. C57BL/6J mice were administered with daily doses of 0, 1, 10 and 50mg/kg matrine by intraperitoneal injection for 30 days. The results showed that matrine did not affect testis size, testis weight, sperm count and sperm viability, but it significantly inhibited total motility, progressive motility, linear velocity, capacitation and the progesterone-induced acrosome reaction of mouse sperm. Furthermore, the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i), a key regulator of sperm function, was reduced in sperm of matrine-exposed mice. The current and gene expression of the sperm specific Ca(2+) channel, CatSper, which modulates Ca(2+) influx in sperm, were decreased in testes of matrine-exposed mice. These results indicate that matrine inhibits mouse sperm functions by a [Ca(2+)]i-related mechanism via CatSper channel.
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Toxic Markers of Matrine Determined Using (1) H-NMR-Based Metabolomics in Cultured Cells In Vitro and Rats In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:598412. [PMID: 26413125 PMCID: PMC4568042 DOI: 10.1155/2015/598412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrine is one of the main bioactive alkaloids of Sophora flavescens Aiton, which has been widely used to treat various diseases in China. These diseases include viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cardiac arrhythmia, skin diseases, and tumors. However, matrine is also the main toxic compound of this herb, and the available biomarkers are not reliable in detecting or quantifying matrine risk. Metabolomics is a powerful tool used to identify early toxicity biomarkers that are specific indicators of damage to biosystems. This study aimed to find the potential biomarkers of the matrine-induced toxic effects in rats and HepG2 cells. The toxicological effects of rats induced by matrine could be derived from the elevated taurine and trimethylamine N-oxide levels and the depletion in hippurate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, such as 2-oxoglutarate, citrate, and succinate in the urine. Cell metabolomics revealed that the levels of alanine, choline, glutathione, lactate, phosphocholine, and cholesterol showed dose-dependent decreases, whereas the levels of taurine, fatty acid, and unsaturated fatty acid showed dose-dependent increases. Overall, a significant perturbation of metabolites in response to high dose of matrine was observed both in vivo and in vitro, and the selected metabolites particularly represent an attractive marker for matrine-induced toxicity.
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14
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Lu ZG, Li MH, Wang JS, Wei DD, Liu QW, Kong LY. Developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity of two matrine-type alkaloids, matrine and sophocarpine, in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 47:33-41. [PMID: 24911943 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrine and sophocarpine are two major matrine-type alkaloids included in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Kushen (the root of Sophora flavescens Ait.). They have been widely used clinically in China, however with few reports concerning their potential toxicities. This study investigated the developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity of matrine and sophocarpine on zebrafish embryos/larvae from 0 to 96/120h post fertilization (hpf). Both drugs displayed teratogenic and lethal effects with the EC50 and LC50 values at 145 and 240mg/L for matrine and 87.1 and 166mg/L for sophocarpine, respectively. Exposure of matrine and sophocarpine significantly altered spontaneous movement and inhibited swimming performance at concentrations below those causing lethality and malformations, indicating a neurotoxic potential of both drugs. The results are in agreement with most mammalian studies and clinical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Guang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Dan-Dan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qing-Wang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Morán E, Budía A, Broseta E, Boronat F. [Phytotherapy in urology. Current scientific evidence of its application in urolithiasis, chronic pelvic pain, erectile dysfunction and urinary tract infections]. Actas Urol Esp 2013; 37:174-80. [PMID: 23058994 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the usefulness of phytotherapy in urolitiasis, urinary tract infections, erectile dysfunction (ED) and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain (CP/CPP). ACQUISITION OF THE EVIDENCE Systematic review of the evidence published until January 2011 using the following scientific terms:phytotherapy, urinary lithiasis, Chronic prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain, erectile dysfunction, urinary tract infection, cystitis and the scientific names of compounds following the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. The databases used were Medline and The Cochrane Library.We included articles published until January 2011 written in English and Spanish. We included studies in Vitro/in vivo on animal models or human beings. Exclusion criteria were literature not in English and Spanish or articles with serious methodological flaws. SYNTHESIS OF THE EVIDENCE We included 86 articles selecting 40 that met the inclusion criteria. In Urolitiasis there are few works in humans. The phytate has its main use as prevention and in reducing the growth of residual fragments after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). In CP/CPP the only compound that has shown effectiveness was the extract of pollen in a field of multimodal treatment. In DE ther is no evidence for the use of herbal medicine.Most of the works have limitations in the design or low sample size. In urinary tract infections most of the products are diuretics .There is only evidence for the cranberry as prevention in young or pregnant women. It must not be used as a treatment for urinary tract infections. CONCLUSIONS Phytotherapy is usefull in repeat urinary tract infections and the CP/CPP. It has some role in the urolitiasis and lacks useful in the DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Morán
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España.
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Basile A, Pascale M, Franceschelli S, Nieddu E, Mazzei MT, Fossa P, Turco MC, Mazzei M. Matrine modulates HSC70 levels and rescues ΔF508-CFTR. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3317-23. [PMID: 22170045 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-dependent Cl(-) channel located in the plasma membrane, and its malfunction results in cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common lethal genetic disease in Caucasians. Most CF patients carry the deletion of Phe508 (ΔF508 mutation); this mutation prevents the delivery of the CFTR to its correct cellular location, the apical (lumen-facing) membrane of epithelial cells. Molecular chaperones play a central role in determining the fate of ΔF508-CFTR. In this report, we show that the Matrine, a quinolizidine alkaloid, downregulates the expression of the molecular chaperone HSC70 and increases the protein levels of ΔF508-CFTR in human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cell line), stably transfected with a ΔF508-CFTR-expressing construct. Moreover, Matrine induced ΔF508-CFTR release from endoplasmic reticulum to cell cytosol and its localization on the cell membrane. Interestingly, downregulation of HSC70 resulted in increased levels of ΔF508-CFTR complexes with the co-chaperone BAG3 that in addition appeared to co-localize with the mutated protein on the cell surface. These results shed new light on ΔF508-CFTR interactions with proteins of the chaperones/co-chaperones system and could be useful in strategies for future medical treatments for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Basile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FARMABIOMED), University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Seo JH, Yong SW, Song SK, Lee JE, Sohn YH, Lee PH. A case-control study of multiple system atrophy in Korean patients. Mov Disord 2010; 25:1953-9. [PMID: 20623770 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A few case-control studies of multiple system atrophy (MSA) have been reported in Western populations. In this study, we included various epidemiological factors to evaluate whether the risk factors for MSA differed in Korean and Western populations. A total of 100 consecutive MSA patients and 104 controls at two referral hospitals participated. Information was obtained through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire: history of living area, occupational history, food habits, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and use of drugs. Odds ratios and 95% confident intervals (OR [95% CI]) were computed using logistic regression. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that use of antihypertensive medication (OR = 0.30 [0.12-0.78]) and vitamins (OR = 0.30 [0.14-0.64]) and consumption of meat and poultry (OR = 0.27 [0.13-0.56]) were associated with decreasing risk for MSA, whereas use of herbal medications (OR = 3.17 [1.28-7.84]) was associated with increasing risk for MSA. In univariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, education level, and recruitment center, use of aspirin (OR = 0.21 [0.07-0.61]) and coffee consumption (OR = 0.44 [0.23-0.84]) were significantly less frequent in MSA patients than in controls, whereas heavy smoking (≥40 pack-years) was significantly more prevalent in MSA patients than in controls (OR = 3.44 [1.05-11.23]). There was no difference in living area, participation in farming, or exposure to agrichemicals and solvents between groups. This study showed that MSA in Korea is characterized by risk factors that are both similar to and different from those affecting Western populations and that herbal medicines constitute a new MSA risk factor for the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hyun Seo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wang XP, Sun BM, Ding HL. Changes of procedural learning in Chinese patients with non-demented Parkinson disease. Neurosci Lett 2008; 449:161-3. [PMID: 18996168 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 10/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To study procedural learning changes in patients with non-demented Parkinson disease (PD) but without depression. The Nissen serial reaction time task (SRTT) software version II (as a task of procedural learning), the Wechsler Memory Scale-Chinese version (WMS-CR), and two tasks of implicit memory were applied to 20 PD patients with a Hoehn-Yahr score at I-II degrees and 20 matched healthy controls were enrolled for the Nissen Version test. In the explicit WMS-CR and the implicit (word stem completion and degraded picture naming) tasks, the patients' scores fell within normal limits. In the SRTT, healthy controls displayed significantly reduced response times and error rates across the blocks of repeated sequence trials. In contrast, PD patients only showed a reduction in error rates but no change in response times. Impairment of nigrostriatal pathways selectively affects the performance in visuo-motor learning tasks such as the SRTT, but not in both the explicit tasks of WMS-CR and the implicit tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China.
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Gürocak S, Küpeli B. Consumption of Historical and Current Phytotherapeutic Agents for Urolithiasis: A Critical Review. J Urol 2006; 176:450-5. [PMID: 16813863 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2006.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent years have shown a dramatic expansion in the knowledge of molecular mechanism of phytotherapeutic agents used to treat urolithiasis. The discovery and elucidation of the mechanism of action, in particular the clinical role of these herbal remedies, has made an important contribution to treatment for urinary stone disease as an alternative or adjunct therapy. Thus, the potential clinical application of these folk medicines to urolithiasis is discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature on phytotherapeutic agents with scientifically determined efficiency and historically consumed agents was reviewed using MEDLINE after 1940 to the present. RESULTS Although information on the complete mechanism of action of each remedy is lacking, commonly known extracts exert antilithogenic properties by altering the ionic composition of urine or by expressing diuretic activity. Also, some of them contain saponins that can disaggregate suspensions of mucoproteins, which are actually promoters of crystallization and some herbal remedies have antimicrobial properties that protect the anti-adherent layer of the mucosa, which acts as a protective barrier against urinary stone disease. CONCLUSIONS Although phytotherapeutic extracts are popular in folk culture, because of the absence of scientific data on the exact clinical role, efficacy and side effects of these herbs the potential consumption of this alternative medical therapy as an alternative or adjunct to classic therapy remains to be determined. In this respect scientific research designed to determine the exact mechanism of action of these drugs would be fruitful for willing investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Gürocak
- Department of Urology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Woodward KN. The potential impact of the use of homeopathic and herbal remedies on monitoring the safety of prescription products. Hum Exp Toxicol 2005; 24:219-33. [PMID: 16004184 DOI: 10.1191/0960327105ht529oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility that adverse reactions and drug interactions arising from the use of homeopathic and herbal medicines could lead to confusion when adverse reactions to conventional medicines are reported. An extensive literature review was conducted on the occurrence of adverse reactions and drug interactions following the use of homeopathic or herbal remedies, and the potential for these to confound adverse event reporting to conventional medicines considered. The survey demonstrates the potential for herbal remedies and homeopathic products, to produce adverse drug reactions or drug interactions, and shows the scope for potential for confusion with those arising from conventional medicines. There is a need for greater awareness that adverse reactions apparently due to a conventional medicine, might in reality be due to a herbal medicine or a drug interaction between a herbal medicine and a conventional drug, particularly when a health professional is unaware of the extent of a patient's self-medication with alternative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Woodward
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
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Yin LL, Zhu XZ. The involvement of central cholinergic system in (+)-matrine-induced antinociception in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2005; 80:419-25. [PMID: 15740784 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2004] [Revised: 11/29/2004] [Accepted: 12/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The antinociceptive effect of (+)-matrine was examined in mice by writhing, tail-pressure and hot-plate tests. (+)-Matrine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg s.c.) produced antinociception in a dose-dependent manner. In hot-plate test, the antinociception produced by (+)-matrine (10 mg/kg s.c.) was attenuated by muscarinic receptor antagonists atropine (5 mg/kg i.p.) and pirenzepine (0.1 mug/mouse i.c.v.) and acetylcholine depletor hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) (1 mug/mouse i.c.v.), but not by opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (2 mg/kg i.p.), dopamine D(2) receptor agonist (-)-quinpirole (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) or catecholamine depletor reserpine (2.5 mg/kg i.p.). Radioligand binding assay demonstrated that (+)-matrine had no affinity for mu-, kappa- or delta-opioid receptors in a wide concentration range (1 x 10(-11)-1 x 10(-3) M). The results suggest that (+)-matrine exerts its antinociceptive effect through multiple mechanism(s) such as increasing cholinergic activation in the CNS rather than acting on opioid receptors directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Gyu Choi
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, Korea.
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