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Li L, Beeraka NM, Xie L, Dong L, Liu J, Wang L. Co-expression of High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:64. [PMID: 35829833 PMCID: PMC9279518 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a malignant type of cancer with a high mortality rate. The aim of this study is to determine co-expression patterns of High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in ESCC (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma) conditions and their prognostic role in cancer progression. The expression of HMGB1 and RAGE in ESCC tissues has been analyzed using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Co-localized expression patterns of HMGB1 and RAGE in ESCC tissues were determined using immunohistochemistry and analyzed for clinical-pathological parameters. Overall survival was performed based on co-expression of HMGB1 and RAGE proteins. A higher expression pattern of HMGB1, and RAGE was observed at mRNA and protein level in the ESCC group compared to the adjacent tissue group. Expression of HMGB1 was significantly correlated with lymph node, metastasis, lymphatic invasion, and venous invasion (p < 0.05). RAGE expression exhibited a significant correlation with venous invasion. Overall survival was significantly shorter (P < 0.05) in the patients with co-expression of HMGB1 and RAGE compared to the patients without co-expression. A significant difference in the overall survival was evident between the patients with co-expression of HMGB1 and RAGE and the patients without coexpression. HMGB1 and RAGE expression patterns were associated with aggressive metastatic characteristics of ESCC. The co-expression of HMGB1 and RAGE was correlated with shorter survival times. Results concluded the co-expression patterns of HMGB1 and RAGE exhibited a prognostic relevance in ESCC conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Narasimha M. Beeraka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan People’s Republic of China
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Linsen Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195# Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People’s Republic of China
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Expression profiles of HMGB1 on B-CLL related leukocytes contribute to prediction of relapse. Immunobiology 2020; 226:152048. [PMID: 33485134 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that is frequently overexpressed in hematologic diseases and might be of relevance in immunogenic cancer control thus correlating with patients' (pts.) prognosis in diseases such as acute myeloid, acute lymphatic and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression profiles of blasts from AML (n = 21), ALL (n = 16) and of B-lymphocytes of CLL (n = 9) pts. were analyzed for surface expression of HMGB1 using flow cytometry. Expression was quantified and correlated with clinically and prognostically relevant markers. RESULTS Expression profiling of HMGB1 in blasts of AML and ALL subtypes did not show differences between primary vs. secondary disease development and gender related differences. In ALL pts. however, age groups at initial diagnosis between ≥20 vs. <20 years were compared and showed significant differences (≥20 vs. <20 years; 89% vs. 49%, p <0.05) with higher expression in higher age. In AML and CLL these differences were not visible. To evaluate the prognostic significance of HMGB1 expression, expression quantity was correlated with established and prognostic classification systems (in AML ELN, in ALL GMALL) and probability to relapse. No significant correlation was seen in these entities. However, when AML pts. were analyzed for remission rates after first anthracycline based induction therapy, in those who did not experience a complete remission significantly enhanced HMGB1 surface expression was seen (98 vs. 94%; p < 0.05; n = 20). Furthermore, for CLL it was shown that higher HMGB1 expression was found in pretreated patients with relapsed or/and refractory disease (1 vs. more relapses; 94 vs. 98%; p <0.05; n = 9). CONCLUSION HMGB1 is frequently expressed in hematologic malignancies. In this study it was shown that HMGB1 surface expression on AML blasts can be used as predictors for treatment response. In CLL it may be a marker for advanced disease. In order to implement this marker in FACS routine it could be a useful and practical tool for prognostic assessment and treatment planning.
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Cheng KJ, Alshawsh MA, Mejia Mohamed EH, Thavagnanam S, Sinniah A, Ibrahim ZA. HMGB1: an overview of its versatile roles in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 43:177-193. [PMID: 31677065 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein, a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, has been found to play multifunctional roles in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Although much attention has been given to the diagnostic and prognostic values of HMGB1 in colorectal cancer, the exact functional roles of the protein as well as the mechanistic pathways involved have remained poorly defined. This systematic review aims to discuss what is currently known about the roles of HMGB1 in colorectal cancer development, growth and progression, and to highlight critical areas for future investigations. To achieve this, the bibliographic databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect were systematically screened for articles from inception till June 2018, which address associations of HMGB1 with colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 plays multiple roles in promoting the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, despite a few contradicting studies. HMGB1 may differentially regulate disease-related processes, depending on the redox status of the protein in colorectal cancer. Binding of HMGB1 to various protein partners may alter the impact of HMGB1 on disease progression. As HMGB1 is heavily implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, it is crucial to further improve our understanding of the functional roles of HMGB1 not only in colorectal cancer, but ultimately in all types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Jun Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Surendran Thavagnanam
- Paediatric Department, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Ajantha Sinniah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zaridatul Aini Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Fujiwara-Tani R, Sasaki T, Ohmori H, Luo Y, Goto K, Nishiguchi Y, Mori S, Nakashima C, Mori T, Miyagawa Y, Kawahara I, Fujii K, Kishi S, Tatsumoto N, Kuniyasu H. Concurrent Expression of CD47 and CD44 in Colorectal Cancer Promotes Malignancy. Pathobiology 2019; 86:182-189. [PMID: 31132784 DOI: 10.1159/000496027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD47 activates signal regulatory protein alpha expressed on macrophages and suppresses its phagocytic ability; therefore, CD47 is drawing attention as an immune checkpoint in the innate immune system. Expression of CD47 in cancer is thought to allow cancer cells to escape antitumor immunity of the innate immune system. In this study, expression of CD47 was examined by immunostaining in colorectal cancer (CRC) and compared with the expression of CD44, which is a marker for cancer stem cells. In 95 cases of stage II-IV CRC, CD47 and CD44 showed overexpression in 82 and 80 cases, respectively. Both expression levels correlated with distant metastasis. Moreover, the expression of CD47 and CD44 in each case showed a significant correlation. In stage III cases, disease-free survival of cases showing high expression of CD47 and CD44 was worse than that of the cases with low expression. Furthermore, 3 of the stage IV cases were administered nivolumab, a checkpoint inhibitor of the acquired immune system, and 2 patients showed recurrence thereafter. All recurrent tumors highly expressed CD47 and CD44 and showed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. Our results suggest that CD47 promotes the malignancy of CRC in association with EMT and enhances the stemness of cancer cells. Moreover, our study suggests that CD47 and CD44 are involved in imparting resistance to programmed cell death (PD)-1/PD-ligand 1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishiguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Chie Nakashima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takuya Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyagawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Isao Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kiyomu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan,
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Zhang X, Yu J, Li M, Zhu H, Sun X, Kong L. The association of HMGB1 expression with clinicopathological significance and prognosis in Asian patients with colorectal carcinoma: a meta-analysis and literature review. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4901-11. [PMID: 27540303 PMCID: PMC4982502 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s105512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression with clinicopathological significance and prognosis in Asian patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis and literature review to identify the role of HMGB1 in the development and prognosis of CRC in Asians. Methods All eligible studies regarding the association between HMGB1 expression in tissue with clinicopathological significance and prognosis in Asian patients with CRC published up to January 2015 were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang database. Analysis of pooled data was performed, while odds ratio (OR) or hazard radio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated and summarized to evaluate the strength of this association in fixed- or random-effects model. Results The expression level of HMGB1 in CRC tissues was much higher than normal colorectal tissues (OR =27.35, 95% CI 9.32–80.26, P<0.0001) and para-tumor colorectal tissues (OR =10.06, 95% CI 4.61–21.95, P<0.0001). There was no relation between the HMGB1 expression and sex, age, clinical T stage, tumor size, and location (colon or rectum cancer). However, a significant relation was detected between the HMGB1 expression and clinical stage (American Joint Committee on Cancer 7), lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor invasion depth, and differentiation rate (P=0.002, P≤0.0001, P<0.0001, P<0.0001, and P=0.007, respectively). Patients with higher HMGB1 expression had shorter overall survival time, whereas patients with lower level of HMGB1 had better survival (hazard ratio =1.40, 95% CI 0.98–1.82, P<0.0001). Conclusion In this meta-analysis, our results illustrated the significant relationship of HMGB1 protein overexpression in tissues with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of CRC. Thus, HMGB1 may be a promising marker in predicting the clinical outcome of patients with CRC. However, more well-designed studies of large sample size are warranted to validate the findings of current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghuan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xindong Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Pandolfi F, Altamura S, Frosali S, Conti P. Key Role of DAMP in Inflammation, Cancer, and Tissue Repair. Clin Ther 2016; 38:1017-28. [PMID: 27021609 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to take stock of the current status of research on damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein. We discuss the Janus-faced role of DAMP molecules in inflammation, cancer, and tissue repair. The high-mobility group box (HMGB)-1 and adenosine triphosphate proteins are well-known DAMP molecules and have been primarily associated with inflammation. However, as we shall see, recent data have linked these molecules to tissue repair. HMGB1 is associated with cancer-related inflammation. It activates nuclear factor kB, which is involved in cancer regulation via its receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Proinflammatory activity and tissue repair may lead to pharmacologic intervention, by blocking DAMP RAGE and Toll like receptor 2 and 4 role in inflammation and by increasing their concentration in tissue repair, respectively. METHODS We conducted a MEDLINE search for articles pertaining to the various issues related to DAMP, and we discuss the most relevant articles especially (ie, not only those published in journals with a higher impact factor). FINDINGS A cluster of remarkable articles on DAMP have appeared in the literature in recent years. Regarding inflammation, several strategies have been proposed to target HMGB1, from antibodies to recombinant box A, which interacts with RAGE, competing with the full molecule. In tissue repair, it was reported that the overexpression of HMGB1 or the administration of exogenous HMGB1 significantly increased the number of vessels and promoted recovery in skin-wound, ischemic injury. IMPLICATIONS Due to the bivalent nature of DAMP, it is often difficult to explain the relative role of DAMP in inflammation versus its role in tissue repair. However, this point is crucial as DAMP-related treatments move into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Pandolfi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Altamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Frosali
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Pio Conti
- Postgraduate Medical School, Chieti University, Chieti, Italy
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Patel SP, Osada T, Lyerly HK, Morse MA. Designing effective vaccines for colorectal cancer. Immunotherapy 2015; 6:913-26. [PMID: 25313570 DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving long-term control of colorectal cancers with therapeutic vaccines that generate potent anti-tumor T cell and antibody responses has been a goal for more than two decades. To date, clinical trials of these vaccines have demonstrated induction of immune responses, but clinical benefit has been limited. Improved vector delivery systems with enhanced immunostimulatory properties, decreased immunogenicity against vector and improved antigen presentation are some of the key features of modern tumor vaccines. Furthermore, an improved understanding of the various immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment and regional lymph nodes, coupled with a burgeoning ability to impair inhibitory immune synapses, highlights a growing opportunity to induce beneficial antigen-specific responses against tumor. The combination of improved antigenic delivery systems, coupled with therapeutic immune activation, represents state-of-the-art colorectal vaccine design concepts with the goal of augmenting immune responses against tumor and improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip P Patel
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Immunotherapy Program, 3855 Health Sciences Drive #0987, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Zhu L, Ren L, Chen Y, Fang J, Ge Z, Li X. Redox status of high-mobility group box 1 performs a dual role in angiogenesis of colorectal carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2128-35. [PMID: 26099505 PMCID: PMC4568917 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During inflammation, high-mobility group box 1 in reduced all-thiol form (at-HMGB1) takes charge of chemoattractant activity, whereas only disulfide-HMGB1 (ds-HMGB1) has cytokine activity. Also as pro-angiogenic inducer, the role of HMGB1 in different redox states has never been defined in tumour angiogenesis. To verify which redox states of HMGB1 induces angiogenesis in colorectal carcinoma. To measure the expression of VEGF-A and angiogenic properties of the endothelial cells (ECs), at-HMGB1 or ds-HMGB1 was added to cell medium, further with their special inhibitors (DPH1.1 mAb and 2G7 mAb) and antibodies of corresponding receptors (RAGE Ab and TLR4 Ab). Also, a co-culture system and conditioned medium from tumour cells were applied to mimic tumour microenvironment. HMGB1 triggered VEGF-A secretion mainly through its disulfide form interacting with TLR4, while co-operation of at-HMGB1 and RAGE mediated migratory capacity of ECs. Functional inhibition of HMGB1 and its receptors abrogated HMGB1-induced angiogenic properties of ECs co-cultured with tumour cells. HMGB1 orchestrates the key events of tumour angiogenesis, migration of ECs and their induction to secrete VEGF-A, by adopting distinct redox states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China.,The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Provence, China
| | - Yingxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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Zhang CC, Gdynia G, Ehemann V, Roth W. The HMGB1 protein sensitizes colon carcinoma cells to cell death triggered by pro-apoptotic agents. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:667-76. [PMID: 25434832 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The HMGB1 protein has multiple functions in tumor biology and can act both as a transcription factor and as a cytokine. HMGB1 is released during cell death, and in our previous studies we demonstrated that HMGB1 induces a distinct, necrosis-like cell death in glioblastoma. In epithelial malignant tumors such as colorectal cancer (CRC), the HMGB1-dependent effects show cross-talk with apoptotic signal transduction. Treatment of CRC cells with low concentrations of recombinant HMGB1 results in dose-dependent cytotoxicity which is morphologically characterized by the formation of giant mitochondria and does not share features of apoptosis. HMGB1-triggered cell death is associated with intracellular ROS release, and overexpression of Bcl-2 blocks both the increase of ROS as well as HMGB1-dependent cell death. Importantly, treatment with recombinant HMGB1 or overexpression of endogenous HMGB1 strongly sensitizes CRC cells to the cytotoxic activity of the pro-apoptotic death ligand TRAIL as well as the small molecule Bcl-2 family inhibitor ABT‑737. Moreover, treatment of CRC cells with TRAIL or ABT‑737 induces a release of endogenous HMGB1 into the extracellular space, and preincubation with glycyrrhizin, an HMGB1 inhibitor, significantly inhibits induction of cell death by TRAIL and ABT‑737, suggesting that HMGB1 functionally contributes to the execution of cell death triggered by pro-apoptotic agents. Finally, we investigated the expression of HMGB1 in human CRC tumor samples and found that loss of HMGB1 expression is associated with a more aggressive phenotype and a more advanced stage of disease in patients with CRC. Altogether, our findings demonstrate a functional link between cytotoxic signaling cascades triggered by HMGB1 and pro-apoptotic agents leading to an HMGB1-dependent sensitization to CRC cell death. Thus, a further evaluation of recombinant HMGB1 as part of an experimental combination treatment of CRC seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Christine Zhang
- Molecular Tumor Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Gdynia
- Molecular Tumor Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Ehemann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 680] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Sasahira T, Kirita T, Kuniyasu H. Update of molecular pathobiology in oral cancer: a review. Int J Clin Oncol 2014; 19:431-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-014-0684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liu JJ, Druta M, Shibata D, Coppola D, Boler I, Elahi A, Reich RR, Siegel E, Extermann M. Metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer: is hyperinsulinemia/insulin receptor-mediated angiogenesis a critical process? J Geriatr Oncol 2014; 5:40-8. [PMID: 24484717 PMCID: PMC4527303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Components of metabolic syndrome (MS) have been individually linked to colorectal cancer risk and prognosis; however, an understanding of the dominant mechanisms is lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one patients (10 MS; 11 non-MS) with resectable colorectal cancer were prospectively enrolled. Patients were classified for MS by the World Health Organization criteria and tested for circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), fasting insulin, and tumor expression of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin-receptor (IR) and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Circulating markers were re-tested 6 months after surgery. RESULTS The MS group had significantly higher baseline and post-operative fasting insulin levels (p < 0.001 and 0.003). No differences were observed in circulating IL-6, VEGF, IGF-1 and free IGF-1. By immunohistochemistry (IHC), IGF-1R expression was significantly higher in tumor vs. normal tissues (p < 0.001) while IR expression showed no difference. Interestingly, 64% of tumors demonstrated high IR positivity in the vessels within or surrounding the tumor stroma, but not in the vessels away from the tumor. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), tumor IGF-1R over-expression (80%) was confirmed, but there was no difference between MS and non-MS patients. Tumor RAGE over-expression was found in 67% of patients and was equally distributed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Hyperinsulinemia was the only significant factor distinguishing patients with colorectal cancer who have MS. The preferential over-expression of IR in the peri-tumoral microvessels suggests that hyperinsulinemia might contribute to colorectal cancer growth by enhancing angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Jijun Liu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, United States
| | - Mihaela Druta
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, United States
| | - David Shibata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, United States
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, United States; Experimental Therapeutics, Moffitt Cancer Center, United States
| | - Ivette Boler
- Senior Adult Oncology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, United States
| | - Abul Elahi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, United States
| | - Richard R Reich
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, United States; College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee, United States
| | - Erin Siegel
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Moffitt Cancer Center, United States
| | - Martine Extermann
- Senior Adult Oncology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, United States.
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Kurihara M, Kirita T, Sasahira T, Ohmori H, Matsushima S, Yamamoto K, Bosserhoff AK, Kuniyasu H. Protumoral roles of melanoma inhibitory activity 2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1460-9. [PMID: 23511560 PMCID: PMC3629429 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of melanoma inhibitory activity 2 (MIA2) was examined in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS MIA2 role was examined by immunohistochemistry of human OSCCs and knockdown studies using human 3 OSCC cell lines with MIA2 expression. RESULTS MIA2 expression was observed in 62 (66.7%) of 93 OSCCs and was associated with tumour expansion and nodal metastasis. Melanoma inhibitory activity 2 expression was inversely correlated with intratumoral infiltration of lymphocytes. Invasion and anti-apoptotic survival were reduced by MIA2 knockdown in HSC3 cells. MOLT-3 lymphocytes infiltrating the HSC3 cell layer was enhanced by MIA2 knockdown or MIA2 depletion with the antibody. In HSC3 cells, MIA2 knockdown decreased the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-C, and VEGF-D. The downregulation of VEGF-C and -D was caused by inhibition of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, respectively. Melanoma inhibitory activity 2 was co-precipitated with integrin α4 andα5 in HSC3 cells. Integrin α4 knockdown decreased p38 phosphorylation and increased apoptosis, whereas integrin α5 knockdown decreased c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and apoptosis. Inhibition of JNK decreased apoptosis in the HSC3 cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the roles of MIA2 might be based on the variety of the integrins and the subtypes of mitogen-activated protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kurihara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - T Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - T Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - H Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - S Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - K Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - A K Bosserhoff
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Ito Y, Bhawal UK, Sasahira T, Toyama T, Sato T, Matsuda D, Nishikiori H, Kobayashi M, Sugiyama M, Hamada N, Arakawa H, Kuniyasu H. Involvement of HMGB1 and RAGE in IL-1β-induced gingival inflammation. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 57:73-80. [PMID: 21861984 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracellularly released high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein behaves as a cytokine, promotes inflammation and participates in the pathogenesis of several disorders in peripheral organs. The role of HMGB1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expressed in gingival inflammatory tissues was explored. METHODS Real time PCR was applied to assay HMGB1 and RAGE mRNA expression in gingival epithelial and fibroblast cells induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β). A highly selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) was employed. ELISA was done for measurement of HMGB1 concentrations in cell culture media of gingival epithelial and fibroblast cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyse the expression and sub-cellular localization of HMGB1, together with RAGE, in specimens obtained from patients with chronic inflammation. RESULTS A time-dependent response of HMGB1 and RAGE expression in gingival cells to IL-1β induction was observed. IL-1β promotes HMGB1 production in human gingival epithelial cells in a nitric oxide-dependent manner. HMGB1 and RAGE appeared highly expressed in gingival inflammatory tissues. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that HMGB1 and RAGE are abundantly expressed in gingiva and promptly released during gingival inflammation. We suggest a role for HMGB1/RAGE/iNOS signalling on inflamed gingival epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Ito
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Japan
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15
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Ohmori H, Luo Y, Kuniyasu H. Non-histone nuclear factor HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:183-93. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.546785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Sasahira T, Yamamoto K, Kurihara M, Bhawal UK, Chihara Y, Kirita T, Kuniyasu H. The roles of HMGB1 related angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in oral cancer. Oncol Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12156-010-0065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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17
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Peng RQ, Wu XJ, Ding Y, Li CY, Yu XJ, Zhang X, Pan ZZ, Wan DS, Zheng LM, Zeng YX, Zhang XS. Co-expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic HMGB1 is inversely associated with infiltration of CD45RO+ T cells and prognosis in patients with stage IIIB colon cancer. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:496. [PMID: 20846416 PMCID: PMC2949807 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intratumoral infiltration of T cells, especially memory T cells, is associated with a favorable prognosis in early colorectal cancers. However, the mechanism underlying this process remains elusive. This study examined whether high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, is involved in the infiltration of T cells and disease progression in locally advanced colon cancer. Methods Seventy-two cases of pathologically-confirmed specimens were obtained from patients with stage IIIB (T3N1M0) colon cancer who underwent radical resection between January 1999 and May 2002 at the Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University. The density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) within the tumor tissue and the expression of HMGB1 in the cancer cells were examined via immunohistochemical analysis. The phenotype of CD45RO+ cells was confirmed using a flow cytometric assay. The association between HMGB1 expression, the density of TILs, and the 5-year survival rate were analyzed. Results The density of CD45RO+ T cells within the tumor was independently prognostic, although a higher density of CD3+ T cells was also associated with a favorable prognosis. More importantly, the expression of HMGB1 was observed in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm (co-expression pattern) in a subset of colon cancer tissues, whereas nuclear-only expression of HMGB1 (nuclear expression pattern) existed in most of the cancer tissues and normal mucosa. The co-expression pattern of HMGB1 in colon cancer cells was inversely associated with the infiltration of both CD3+ and CD45RO+ T cells and 5-year survival rates. Conclusions This study revealed that the co-expression of HMGB1 is inversely associated with the infiltration of CD45RO+ T cells and prognosis in patients with stage IIIB colon cancer, indicating that the distribution patterns of HMGB1 might contribute to the progression of colon cancer via modulation of the local immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng R E, 510060 Guangzhou, China
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18
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Tang D, Kang R, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT. High-mobility group box 1 and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2010; 1799:131-40. [PMID: 20123075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a chromatin associated nuclear protein and extracellular damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP), is an evolutionarily ancient and critical regulator of cell death and survival. Overexpression of HMGB1 is associated with each of the hallmarks of cancer including unlimited replicative potential, ability to develop blood vessels (angiogenesis), evasion of programmed cell death (apoptosis), self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to inhibitors of growth, inflammation, tissue invasion and metastasis. Our studies and those of our colleagues suggest that HMGB1 is central to cancer (abnormal wound healing) and many of the findings in normal wound healing as well. Here, we focus on the role of HMGB1 in cancer, the mechanisms by which it contributes to carcinogenesis, and therapeutic strategies based on targeting HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Tang
- The DAMP Laboratory, Department of Surgery, G.27 Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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19
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Ma Q, Geng Y, Xu W, Wu Y, He F, Shu W, Huang M, Du H, Li M. The role of translationally controlled tumor protein in tumor growth and metastasis of colon adenocarcinoma cells. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:40-9. [PMID: 19621893 DOI: 10.1021/pr9001367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) plays a major role in a broad array of biological processes. However, the TCTP-related biological process and interactive proteins still remain poorly characterized. In the present study, we found that knockdown of TCTP inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion activities of LoVo cells in vitro and in vivo. The whole-cell proteomes were compared by 2D gel electrophoresis before and after knockdown of TCTP. Alterations in 27 proteins were detected and their identities were revealed by mass spectrometry analysis. Components of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System, proteins involved in the cytoskeleton biosynthesis and tumor metastasis were found to be changed upon TCTP removal. These results imply that TCTP might play at least a partial role in colon adenocarcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- The Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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20
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Zhou Q, Peng RQ, Wu XJ, Xia Q, Hou JH, Ding Y, Zhou QM, Zhang X, Pang ZZ, Wan DS, Zeng YX, Zhang XS. The density of macrophages in the invasive front is inversely correlated to liver metastasis in colon cancer. J Transl Med 2010; 8:13. [PMID: 20141634 PMCID: PMC2841127 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although an abundance of evidence has indicated that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with a favorable prognosis in patients with colon cancer, it is still unknown how TAMs exert a protective effect. This study examined whether TAMs are involved in hepatic metastasis of colon cancer. Materials and methods One hundred and sixty cases of pathologically-confirmed specimens were obtained from colon carcinoma patients with TNM stage IIIB and IV between January 1997 and July 2004 at the Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University. The density of macrophages in the invasive front (CD68TFHotspot) was scored with an immunohistochemical assay. The relationship between the CD68TFHotspot and the clinicopathologic parameters, the potential of hepatic metastasis, and the 5-year survival rate were analyzed. Results TAMs were associated with the incidence of hepatic metastasis and the 5-year survival rate in patients with colon cancers. Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the CD68TFHotspot was independently prognostic of survival. A higher 5-year survival rate among patients with stage IIIB after radical resection occurred in patients with a higher macrophage infiltration in the invasive front (81.0%) than in those with a lower macrophage infiltration (48.6%). Most importantly, the CD68TFHotspot was associated with both the potential of hepatic metastasis and the interval between colon resection and the occurrence of hepatic metastasis. Conclusion This study showed evidence that TAMs infiltrated in the invasive front are associated with improvement in both hepatic metastasis and overall survival in colon cancer, implying that TAMs have protective potential in colon cancers and might serve as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 651 Dongfeng R E, 510060, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Luo Y, Ohmori H, Fujii K, Moriwaka Y, Sasahira T, Kurihara M, Tatsumoto N, Sasaki T, Yamashita Y, Kuniyasu H. HMGB1 attenuates anti-metastatic defence of the liver in colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2009; 46:791-9. [PMID: 20018503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box (HMGB) 1 induces apoptosis of monocyte-lineage cells. We examined the effect of HMGB1 on Kupffer cells (KCs). In 50 Dukes C and 12 liver-metastasised Dukes D colorectal cancers (CRCs), higher HMGB1 concentration in the primary tumours and metastatic foci, and fewer KCs were found in Dukes D cases than in Dukes C cases. The portal blood HMGB1 concentration was higher in Dukes D cases than in Dukes C cases. HMGB1 induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in mouse KCs in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). JNK inhibition and knockdown of HMGB1 receptor abrogated growth inhibition and apoptosis. In a nude mouse liver metastasis model, the caecal administration of HMGB1 decreased the number of KCs and increased the embedment of Colo320 CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner. HMGB1 transfection increased the liver metastasis of Colo320 cells, and the metastasis was inhibited by anti-HMGB1 antibody administration. These results suggest that HMGB1 secreted from primary tumours decreases the number of KCs and attenuates the anti-metastatic defence of the liver in patients with CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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22
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Histidine-rich glycoprotein inhibited high mobility group box 1 in complex with heparin-induced angiogenesis in matrigel plug assay. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 623:89-95. [PMID: 19786011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a heparin-binding glycoprotein present in plasma at 100microg/ml. A recent study revealed that HRG suppressed heparin-dependent basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced angiogenesis. Additionally, we reported that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in complex with heparin induces angiogenesis; therefore, we examined the effect of HRG on heparin-dependent HMGB1-induced angiogenesis in the present study. HRG completely inhibited angiogenesis induced by HMGB1 in complex with heparin. HRG inhibited the diffusion of a complex of HMGB1 with heparin from matrigel into surrounding tissue. HRG also competed with HMGB1 for heparin binding in vitro. Moreover, HRG inhibited heparin-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor-A(165) (VEGF-A(165))-induced angiogenesis. These results strongly suggested that HRG might be an inhibitor of angiogenesis induced by growth factors with heparin binding activity and that HRG may be a potential drug for angiogenic diseases, including tumor growth.
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23
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Fujii K, Luo Y, Sasahira T, Denda A, Ohmori H, Kuniyasu H. Co-treatment with deoxycholic acid and azoxymethane accelerates secretion of HMGB1 in IEC6 intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Prolif 2009; 42:701-9. [PMID: 19614672 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2009.00624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that acts as a ligand of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its expression enhances progression of cancer. However, the mechanism underlying HMGB1 secretion is still unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of deoxycholic acid (DCA), a promoter of colon carcinogenesis, on HMGB1 secretion. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used an in vitro transformation model comprised of IEC6 intestinal epithelial cells treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and/or DCA. HMGB1 expression and secretion were examined by Western and Northern blot analyses, and ELISA. Intracellular translocation of HMGB1 was examined by protein fractionation. RESULTS AOM + DCA-treated IEC6 cells showed upregulation of HMGB1 mRNA expression and increased level of HMGB1 protein in culture medium, but decreased level of HMGB1 protein in the nucleus. AOM + DCA treatment increased level of histone H4 acetylation, which induced translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and increased HMGB1 secretion. Leptomycin B inhibited extranuclear translocation and secretion of the HMGB1 protein. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that DCA affects intracellular localization and secretion of HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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24
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Ohmori H, Fujii K, Sasahira T, Luo Y, Isobe M, Tatsumoto N, Kuniyasu H. Methionine-enkephalin secreted by human colorectal cancer cells suppresses T lymphocytes. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:497-502. [PMID: 19141128 PMCID: PMC11158717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.01073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of methionine-enkephalin (MENK) as an immunomodulator in colorectal carcinomas (CRC) was examined. MENK was produced in CT26, IEC6A, Colo320, and HT29 CRC cell lines but not in IEC6 intestinal cells. MENK secretion was associated with tumorigenicity and metastasis of CRC cells in syngeneic rodent models. The MENK concentration in subcutaneous tumors of CT26 and IEC6A CRC cells exhibited an inverse correlation with the number of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. MENK inhibited the growth of MOLT-4 T-lymphoblastic cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it increased the phosphorylation level of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and induced apoptosis in MOLT-4 cells. MENK-induced apoptosis was abrogated by a c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed moderate to strong expression of MENK in 33 (54%) of 61 CRC. MENK expression was associated with Dukes' staging, nodal metastasis, and liver metastasis. The MENK concentration in tumor tissues was higher in Dukes' C cases than in Dukes' B cases. MENK expression was associated with tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes, especially those belonging to the CD4(+) subset. These findings suggest that MENK secreted by CRC cells caused escape of the host from the effects of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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25
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McKinney M, Morse MA. Advances in immunotherapy for colorectal malignancies. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-008-0029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Sasahira T, Kirita T, Oue N, Bhawal UK, Yamamoto K, Fujii K, Ohmori H, Luo Y, Yasui W, Bosserhoff AK, Kuniyasu H. High mobility group box-1-inducible melanoma inhibitory activity is associated with nodal metastasis and lymphangiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:1806-12. [PMID: 18616526 PMCID: PMC11159509 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) is an 11-kDa secretory protein isolated from malignant melanoma cells that is correlated with invasion and metastasis in various human malignancies. We examined MIA expression in 62 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) by immunohistochemistry. MIA expression was significantly associated with nodal metastasis (P = 0.00018). MIA expression was also associated with expression of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) (P < 0.0001) and lymph vessel density (P < 0.0001). Expression levels of MIA, HMGB1, nuclear factor kB (NFkB) p65 and HMGB1-NFkB p65 binding were significantly higher in a metastatic human OSCC cell line (HSC3) than those in a non-metastatic OSCC cell line (HSC4). Treatment with receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) antisense or small interfering RNA and human recombinant HMGB1 (hrHMGB1) did not affect MIA expression, whereas HMGB1 antisense or siRNA treatment decreased MIA expression in HSC3 cells. Then HMGB1 enhanced MIA expression as an NFkB cofactor but not as a RAGE ligand. MIA neutralization by MIA antibodies increased extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 phosphorylation, but decreased p38 phosphorylation and the expression of vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and -D. Treatment with p38 inihibitor decreased VEGF-C and -D expression in HSC3 cells. These results suggest that MIA expression is enhanced by the interaction of intracellular HMGB1 and NFkBp65 and MIA is closely involved in tumor progression and nodal metastasis by the increments of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
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Sasahira T, Kirita T, Bhawal UK, Yamamoto K, Ohmori H, Fujii K, Kuniyasu H. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is important in the prediction of recurrence in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathology 2007; 51:166-72. [PMID: 17593216 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has recently been recognized as a cancer-associated protein responsible for cancer progression and metastasis in gastrointestinal cancers. The aim was to examine the role of RAGE in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS AND RESULTS RAGE expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 74 OSCC patients and evaluated with a grading based on Allred's score. RAGE expression was compared with clinicopathological parameters including clinical stage, invasive depth, nodal metastasis, disease recurrence and disease-free survival. High-grade expression of RAGE (RAGE-H) was observed in 30 (40.5%) of 74 OSCCs. RAGE-H was associated with depth of invasion (P < 0.0001) and local recurrence (P < 0.0001), but not with histological differentiation, clinical stage or nodal metastasis. Disease-free survival in patients with RAGE-H was significantly worse than in those with low-level RAGE expression. Multivariate analysis showed RAGE-H to be an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival in OSCC patients (P = 0.0022). CONCLUSION RAGE is a relevant factor in predicting disease recurrence and patients' prognosis in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
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28
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Yamada S, Maruyama I. HMGB1, a novel inflammatory cytokine. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 375:36-42. [PMID: 16979611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) exhibits unique biochemical functions as a biologically intrinsic requisite factor and as a toxin. As such, it is imperative to understand the mechanism by which these seemingly and diametrically opposed functions are exerted. To effectively discriminate these actions is important to accurately and precisely determine the concentration of HMGB1 in biological samples. Research in this fascinating field, however, has been lacking due to the absence of a simple analytical system for HMGB1 that can be adapted for large sample numbers. In this report, we review the physiological and pathological significance of HMGB1 and describe the development of an assay method for this pleiotropic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Yamada
- Central Institute, Shino-Test Corporation, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Kuniyasu H, Yano S, Sasaki T, Sasahira T, Sone S, Ohmori H. Colon cancer cell-derived high mobility group 1/amphoterin induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in macrophages. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2005; 166:751-60. [PMID: 15743787 PMCID: PMC1602344 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group (HMGB)1/amphoterin is a multifunctional cytokine involved in invasion and metastasis of cancer and in inflammation. To investigate HMGB1/amphoterin effects on macrophages, U937 human monocytic leukemia cells and rat peritoneal and human alveolar macrophages were examined. U937 cells expressed low levels of an HMGB1/amphoterin receptor, receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), whereas RAGE production was induced in differentiated phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-U937 cells. Treatment with cultured medium of HMGB1/amphoterin-secreting WiDr human colon cancer cells showed growth inhibition of both U937 and PMA-U937 cells and apoptosis in PMA-U937 cells. The number of PMA-U937 cells was markedly decreased by co-culture with WiDr cells exposed to HMGB1/amphoterin sense S-oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) in spheroids or monolayers. In contrast, PMA-U937 cells co-cultured with WiDr cells exposed to HMGB1/amphoterin anti-sense S-ODN were preserved in number. PMA-U937 cells exposed to RAGE anti-sense S-ODN were insensitive to WiDr-cultured medium. Recombinant human HMGB1/amphoterin induced growth inhibition in thioglycollate-induced rat peritoneal macrophages, PMA-U937 cells, and human alveolar macrophages, an effect that was abrogated by absorption with anti-HMGB1 antibody. Phosphorylation of JNK and Rac1 was induced in PMA-U937 cells treated with HMGB1/amphoterin. These results suggest that HMGB1/amphoterin induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in macrophages through RAGE intracellular signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
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