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Wagh SK, Lammers KM, Padul MV, Rodriguez-Herrera A, Dodero VI. Celiac Disease and Possible Dietary Interventions: From Enzymes and Probiotics to Postbiotics and Viruses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911748. [PMID: 36233048 PMCID: PMC9569549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac Disease (CeD) is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy caused by the ingestion of dietary gluten proteins in genetically susceptible individuals. CeD is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, affecting around 1.4% of the population globally. To date, the only acceptable treatment for CeD is strict, lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, in some cases, GFD does not alter gluten-induced symptoms. In addition, strict adherence to a GFD reduces patients’ quality of life and is often a socio-economic burden. This narrative review offers an interdisciplinary overview of CeD pathomechanism and the limitations of GFD, focusing on current research on possible dietary interventions. It concentrates on the recent research on the degradation of gluten through enzymes, the modulation of the microbiome, and the different types of “biotics” strategies, from probiotics to the less explored “viromebiotics” as possible beneficial complementary interventions for CeD management. The final aim is to set the context for future research that may consider the role of gluten proteins and the microbiome in nutritional and non-pharmacological interventions for CeD beyond the sole use of the GFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip K. Wagh
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004, India
| | | | - Manohar V. Padul
- Department of Biochemistry, The Institute of Science, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, Mumbai 400032, India
| | | | - Veronica I. Dodero
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Wagh SK, Lammers KM, Padul MV, Rodriguez-Herrera A, Dodero VI. Celiac Disease and Possible Dietary Interventions: From Enzymes and Probiotics to Postbiotics and Viruses. Int J Mol Sci 2022. [PMID: 36233048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911748.pmid:36233048;pmcid:pmc9569549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac Disease (CeD) is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy caused by the ingestion of dietary gluten proteins in genetically susceptible individuals. CeD is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, affecting around 1.4% of the population globally. To date, the only acceptable treatment for CeD is strict, lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, in some cases, GFD does not alter gluten-induced symptoms. In addition, strict adherence to a GFD reduces patients' quality of life and is often a socio-economic burden. This narrative review offers an interdisciplinary overview of CeD pathomechanism and the limitations of GFD, focusing on current research on possible dietary interventions. It concentrates on the recent research on the degradation of gluten through enzymes, the modulation of the microbiome, and the different types of "biotics" strategies, from probiotics to the less explored "viromebiotics" as possible beneficial complementary interventions for CeD management. The final aim is to set the context for future research that may consider the role of gluten proteins and the microbiome in nutritional and non-pharmacological interventions for CeD beyond the sole use of the GFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip K Wagh
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004, India
| | | | - Manohar V Padul
- Department of Biochemistry, The Institute of Science, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, Mumbai 400032, India
| | | | - Veronica I Dodero
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Mansour H, Banaganapalli B, Nasser KK, Al-Aama JY, Shaik NA, Saadah OI, Elango R. Genome-Wide Association Study-Guided Exome Rare Variant Burden Analysis Identifies IL1R1 and CD3E as Potential Autoimmunity Risk Genes for Celiac Disease. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:837957. [PMID: 35237542 PMCID: PMC8882628 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.837957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is a multifactorial autoimmune enteropathy characterized by the overactivation of the immune system in response to dietary gluten. The molecular etiology of CeD is still not well-understood. Therefore, this study aims to identify potential candidate genes involved in CeD pathogenesis by applying multilayered system biology approaches. Initially, we identified rare coding variants shared between the affected siblings in two rare Arab CeD families by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Then we used the STRING database to construct a protein network of rare variants and genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci to explore their molecular interactions in CeD. Furthermore, the hub genes identified based on network topology parameters were subjected to a series of computational validation analyses like pathway enrichment, gene expression, knockout mouse model, and variant pathogenicity predictions. Our findings have shown the absence of rare variants showing classical Mendelian inheritance in both families. However, interactome analysis of rare WES variants and GWAS loci has identified a total of 11 hub genes. The multidimensional computational analysis of hub genes has prioritized IL1R1 for family A and CD3E for family B as potential genes. These genes were connected to CeD pathogenesis pathways of T-cell selection, cytokine signaling, and adaptive immune response. Future multi-omics studies may uncover the roles of IL1R1 and CD3E in gluten sensitivity. The present investigation lays forth a novel approach integrating next-generation sequencing (NGS) of familial cases, GWAS, and computational analysis for solving the complex genetic architecture of CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Mansour
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Babajan Banaganapalli
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalidah Khalid Nasser
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Yousuf Al-Aama
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Ahmad Shaik
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Ibrahim Saadah
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramu Elango
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Bluwi GSM, AlNababteh AH, Östlundh L, Al-Shamsi S, Al-Rifai RH. Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Patients With Turner Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:674896. [PMID: 34222285 PMCID: PMC8247446 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.674896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder, and studies have reported that patients with Turner syndrome (TS) are at risk for CD. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the weighted prevalence of CD among patients with TS and determine the weighted strength of association between TS and CD. Methods: Studies published between January 1991 and December 2019 were retrieved from four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Eligible studies were identified and relevant data were extracted by two independent reviewers following specific eligibility criteria and a data extraction plan. Using the random-effects model, the pooled, overall and subgroup CD prevalence rates were determined, and sources of heterogeneity were investigated using meta-regression. Results: Among a total of 1,116 screened citations, 36 eligible studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Nearly two-thirds of the studies (61.1%) were from European countries. Of the 6,291 patients with TS who were tested for CD, 241 were diagnosed with CD, with a crude CD prevalence of 3.8%. The highest and lowest CD prevalence rates of 20.0 and 0.0% were reported in Sweden and Germany, respectively. The estimated overall weighted CD prevalence was 4.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3–5.9, I2, 67.4%). The weighted serology-based CD prevalence in patients with TS (3.4%, 95% CI, 1.0–6.6) was similar to the weighted biopsy-based CD prevalence (4.8%; 95% CI, 3.4–6.5). The strength of association between TS and CD was estimated in only four studies (odds ratio 18.1, 95% CI, 1.82–180; odds ratio 4.34, 95% CI, 1.48–12.75; rate ratio 14, 95% CI, 1.48–12.75; rate ratio 42.5, 95% CI, 12.4–144.8). Given the lack of uniformity in the type of reported measures of association and study design, producing a weighted effect measure to evaluate the strength of association between TS and CD was unfeasible. Conclusion: Nearly 1 in every 22 patients with TS had CD. Regular screening for CD in patients with TS might facilitate early diagnosis and therapeutic management to prevent adverse effects of CD such as being underweight and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada S M Al-Bluwi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma H AlNababteh
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Linda Östlundh
- National Medical Library, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif Al-Shamsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami H Al-Rifai
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Chamani E, Sargolzaei J, Tavakoli T, Rezaei Z. microRNAs: Novel Markers in Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Celiac Disease. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:708-717. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Chamani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Javad Sargolzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Tavakoli
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rezaei
- Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
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Wagh SK, Gadge PP, Padul MV. Significant Hydrolysis of Wheat Gliadin by Bacillus tequilensis (10bT/HQ223107): a Pilot Study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:662-667. [PMID: 28948492 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptidase therapy is suggested to be effective to minimize gliadin toxicity in celiac disease (CD). Hence, present study deals with gliadin-hydrolysing peptidases. The efficient peptidase from the Bacillus tequilensis was purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation and preparative electrophoresis. Analysis of in-solution and in-gel hydrolysis of gliadin using one and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE revealed nearly complete hydrolysis of gliadin peptides after 180 min of incubation with B. tequilensis protease. Purified peptidase was found to be stable at acidic (pH 3.5) to neutral (pH 7.2) pH range. The molecular mass and isoelectric point of the peptidase were observed around 29 kDa and 5.2, respectively. The internal protein sequence obtained through mass spectrometric analysis suggested that peptidase might belong to peptidase S9 family known for prolyl-specific peptidases. This study recommends the possible applicability of this peptidase for elimination of immunotoxic gliadin peptides and may prove useful in CD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip K Wagh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431004, India
| | - Praful P Gadge
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431004, India
| | - Manohar V Padul
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431004, India.
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Abstract
In the last decade, the ingestion of gluten, a heterogeneous complex of proteins present in wheat, rice, barley and probably in oats, has been associated with clinical disorders, such as celiac disease, wheat allergy and recently to non-celiac gluten sensitivity or wheat intolerance syndrome. Gluten-related disorders, which are becoming epidemiologically relevant with an estimated global prevalence of about 5%, require the exclusion of gluten from the diet. For the past 5 years, an important shift in the availability of gluten-free products, together with increased consumption in the general population, has been recorded and is estimated to be about 12-25%. Many people follow a self-prescribed gluten-free diet, despite the fact that the majority have not first been previously excluded, or confirmed, as having gluten disorders. They rely on claims that a gluten-free diet improves general health. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical disorders related to gluten or wheat ingestion, pointing out the current certainties, open questions, possible answers and several doubts in the management of these conditions. KEY MESSAGE Incidence of gluten-related disorders is increased in the last decade and self-diagnosis is frequent with inappropriate starting of a gluten-free diet. Gluten and wheat are considered as the most important triggers to coeliac disease, wheat allergy and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Pediatricians, allergologist and gastroenterologist are involved in the management of these conditions and appropriate diagnostic protocols are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Valenti
- a Pediatrics Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi" , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Domenico Corica
- a Pediatrics Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi" , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Luisa Ricciardi
- b Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Claudio Romano
- a Pediatrics Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi" , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
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Sievers S, Rawel HM, Ringel KP, Niggemann B, Beyer K. Wheat protein recognition pattern in tolerant and allergic children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2016; 27:147-55. [PMID: 26498269 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat is one of the most common food allergens in early childhood. In contrast to other food allergies, wheat-specific IgE correlates badly with clinical symptoms and relevant components have been identified mostly for wheat-depended exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Moreover, a high percentage of patients present with immediate type symptoms but wheat-specific IgE cannot be detected with commercial available systems. OBJECTIVE We addressed the question whether the IgE recognition pattern between wheat allergic (WA) and clinically tolerant (WT) children differs in order to identify individual proteins useful for component-resolved diagnostics. METHODS Sera of 106 children with suspected wheat allergy, of whom 44 children had clinical relevant wheat allergy and 62 were tolerant upon oral food challenge, were analyzed for wheat-specific IgE using the ImmunoCap system as well as immunoblots against water and salt soluble, and water-insoluble protein fractions. 40 randomly selected sera were analyzed for specific IgE to ω5-gliadin. RESULTS Sixty-three percent of the WT and 86% of the WA children were sensitized to wheat with >0.35 kUA /l in ImmunoCAP analysis. We could confirm the role of α-, ß-, γ-, and ω-gliadins, and LMW glutenin subunits as major allergens and found also IgE binding to a broad spectrum of water- and salt-soluble protein bands. It is of great importance that wheat allergic and tolerant patients showed IgE binding to the same protein bands. WT and WA did not significantly differ in levels of ω5-gliadin-specific IgE. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE Children with challenge proven clinical relevant food allergy and tolerant ones had a similar spectrum of IgE binding to the same protein bands. These findings imply that component-resolved diagnostics might not be helpful in the diagnostic work-up of wheat allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Sievers
- Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Bodo Niggemann
- Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Beyer
- Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Lombardo C, Bolla M, Chignola R, Senna G, Rossin G, Caruso B, Tomelleri C, Cecconi D, Brandolini A, Zoccatelli G. Study on the Immunoreactivity of Triticum monococcum (Einkorn) Wheat in Patients with Wheat-Dependent Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis for the Production of Hypoallergenic Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8299-8306. [PMID: 26332577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Wheat [Triticum aestivum (T.a.)] ingestion can cause a specific allergic reaction, which is called wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA). The major allergen involved is ω-5 gliadin, a gluten protein coded by genes located on the B genome. Our aim was to study the immunoreactivity of proteins in Triticum monococcum (einkorn, T.m.), a diploid ancestral wheat lacking B chromosomes, for possible use in the production of hypoallergenic foods. A total of 14 patients with a clear history of WDEIA and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) to ω-5 gliadin were enrolled. Skin prick test (SPT) with a commercial wheat extract and an in-house T.a. gluten diagnostic solution tested positive for 43 and 100% of the cases, respectively. No reactivity in patients tested with solutions prepared from four T.m. accessions was observed. The immunoblotting of T.m. gluten proteins performed with the sera of patients showed different IgE-binding profiles with respect to T.a., confirming the absence of ω-5 gliadin. A general lower immunoreactivity of T.m. gluten proteins with scarce cross-reactivity to ω-5 gliadin epitopes was assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Given the absence of reactivity by SPT and the limited cross-reactivity with ω-5 gliadin, T.m. might represent a potential candidate in the production of hypoallergenic bakery products for patients sensitized to ω-5 gliadin. Further analyses need to be carried out regarding its safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michela Bolla
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona , 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Chignola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona , 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Rossin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona , 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Tomelleri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona , 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona , 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Zoccatelli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona , 37134 Verona, Italy
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Celiac disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:1099-106; quiz 1107. [PMID: 25956012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review will focus on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of celiac disease (CD). Given an increasing awareness of gluten-related disorders, medical professionals of all varieties are encountering patients with a diagnosis of CD or who are thought to have food intolerance to gluten. The prevalence of CD among the general population is estimated to be 1% in Western nations, and there is growing evidence for underdiagnosis of the disease, especially in non-Western nations that were traditionally believed to be unaffected. The development of serologic markers specific to CD has revolutionized the ability both to diagnose and monitor patients with the disease. Additionally, understanding of the clinical presentations of CD has undergone a major shift over the past half century. Although it is well understood that CD develops in genetically predisposed subjects exposed to gluten, the extent of other environmental factors in the pathogenesis of the disease is an area of continued research. Currently, the main therapeutic intervention for CD is a gluten-free diet; however, novel nondietary agents are under active investigation. Future areas of research should also help us understand the relationship of CD to other gluten-related disorders.
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A combined biochemical, biophysical and immunological approach towards the identification of celiac disease-specific wheat antigens. Amino Acids 2013; 45:889-900. [PMID: 23836418 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory affliction of the small bowel caused by an immunological hypersensitivity to ingested wheat antigens affecting almost 1 % of the population. The gliadin fraction of wheat has been shown to contain the pathogenic antigens which react with antibodies and T cells. However, there is only limited knowledge regarding the precise nature of the wheat antigens recognized by IgA antibodies from CD patients and diagnostic tests based on the gliadin fraction have been demonstrated to give frequently false positive results. The aim of this study was the characterization of wheat antigens specifically recognized by IgA antibodies of CD patients. We developed a combined biochemical, biophysical, and immunological approach for the identification of celiac disease-specific wheat antigens. It is based on sub-fractionation of the wheat gliadin fraction using two ion exchange chromatography steps, the localization of CD-specific antigens by immunoblotting with IgA antibodies from CD patients, subsequent digestion followed by electro spray ionization-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and N-terminal sequencing by Edman degradation. Through the sub-fractionation procedure it was possible to separate CD-specific IgA-reactive wheat antigens from other wheat antigens which were also recognized by IgA antibodies of individuals without CD or by CD patients on gluten-free diet. Analysis by LC-ESI-MS/MS and N-terminal sequencing of the sub-fractions and the proteins specifically recognized by CD patients identified certain γ-gliadins with molecular mass of 37,000 and 45,000 as CD-specific wheat antigens. The CD-specific γ-gliadins with the molecular mass of 37,000 and 45,000 should be useful to study pathomechanisms of the disease and to improve the specificity of diagnostic tests for CD.
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Volta U, Tovoli F, Cicola R, Parisi C, Fabbri A, Piscaglia M, Fiorini E, Caio G. Serological tests in gluten sensitivity (nonceliac gluten intolerance). J Clin Gastroenterol 2012; 46:680-5. [PMID: 22138844 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0b013e3182372541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GOALS To characterize the serological pattern of gluten sensitivity (GS) and to compare it with that found in celiac disease. BACKGROUND GS has recently been identified as a new clinical entity included in the spectrum of gluten-related disorders, but it is still lacking of diagnostic markers. STUDY Sera from 78 patients with GS and 80 patients with celiac disease were retrospectively assessed for immunoglobulin (Ig)G/IgA antigliadin antibodies (AGA), IgG deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies (DGP-AGA), IgA tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTGA), and IgA endomysial antibodies (EmA). RESULTS IgG AGA were positive in 56.4% of GS patients and in 81.2% of celiac patients, with high antibody titers in both groups. IgA AGA were detected in 7.7% of GS patients and in 75% of celiac patients, showing lower enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay activities in GS than those found in celiac disease. Only 1 of the 78 patients with GS was positive for IgG DGP-AGA (detected in 88.7% of patients with celiac disease). IgA tTGA and IgA EmA were negative in all GS patients, whereas their positivity in celiac patients was 98.7% and 95%, respectively. Patients with GS displayed a variegated clinical picture with intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, foggy mind, tiredness, eczema/skin rash, headache, joint/muscle pain, numbness of legs/arms, depression, and anemia) together with normal or mildly abnormal small intestinal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS The serological pattern of GS is characterized by IgG AGA positivity in more than half of cases associated to IgA AGA in a few patients, but without EmA, tTGA, and DGP-AGA, which are the specific markers of celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Volta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, St Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Picariello G, Mamone G, Addeo F, Ferranti P. The frontiers of mass spectrometry-based techniques in food allergenomics. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7386-98. [PMID: 21737089 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last years proteomic science has started to provide an important contribution to the disclosure of basic aspects of food-related diseases. Among these, the identification of proteins involved in food allergy and their mechanism of activation of toxicity. Elucidation of these key issues requires the integration of clinical, immunological, genomic and proteomic approaches. These combined research efforts are aimed to obtain structural and functional information to assist the development of novel, more reliable and powerful diagnostic protocols alternative to the currently available procedures, mainly based on food challenge tests. Another crucial aspect related to food allergy is the need for methods to detect trace amounts of allergenic proteins in foods. Mass spectrometry is the only non-immunological method for high-specificity and high-sensitivity detection of allergens in foods. Nowadays, once provided the appropriate sample handling and the correct operative conditions, qualitative and quantitative determination of allergens in foods and ingredients can be efficiently obtained by MALDI-TOF-MS and LC-MS/MS methods, with limits of detection and quantification in the low-ppb range. The availability of accurate and fast alternatives to immunological ELISA tests may also enable the development of novel therapeutic strategies and food processing technologies to aid patients with food allergy or intolerance, and to support allergen labelling and certification processes, all issues where the role of proteomic science is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Picariello
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione (ISA) - CNR, Via Roma 52 A/C, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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Mamone G, Picariello G, Addeo F, Ferranti P. Proteomic analysis in allergy and intolerance to wheat products. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 8:95-115. [PMID: 21329430 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its extensive use in the human diet, wheat is among the most common causes of food-related allergies and intolerances. Allergies to wheat are provoked by ingestion, inhalation or contact with either the soluble or the insoluble gluten proteins in wheat. Gluten proteins, and particularly the gliadin fraction, are also the main factor triggering celiac disease, a common enteropathy induced by ingestion of wheat gluten proteins and related prolamins from oat, rye and barley in genetically susceptible individuals. The role of gliadin and of its derived peptides in eliciting the adverse reactions in celiac disease are still far from being completely explained. Owing to its unique pathogenesis, celiac disease is widely investigated as a model immunogenetic disorder. The structural characterization of the injuring agents, the gluten proteins, assumes a particular significance in order to deepen the understanding of the events that trigger this and similar diseases at the molecular level. Recent developments in proteomics have provided an important contribution to the understanding of several basic aspects of wheat protein-related diseases. These include: the identification of gluten fractions and derived peptides involved in wheat allergy and intolerance, including celiac disease, and the elucidation of their mechanism of toxicity; the development and validation of sensitive and specific methods for detecting trace amounts of gluten proteins in gluten-free foods for intolerant patients; and the formulation of completely new substitute foods and ingredients to replace the gluten-based ones. In this article, the main aspects of current and prospective applications of mass spectrometry and proteomic technologies to the structural characterization of gluten proteins and derived peptides are critically presented, with a focus on issues related to their detection, identification and quantification, which are relevant to the biochemical, immunological and toxicological aspects of wheat intolerance.
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Takács K, Szamos J, Janáky T, Polgár M, Gelencsér É. Immune-analytical detection of the cross-reactive major cereal allergens. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2010.497532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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De Angelis M, Di Cagno R, Minervini F, Rizzello CG, Gobbetti M. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and IgE-mediated food allergy. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2126-36. [PMID: 20593388 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy is recognized as one of the major health concerns. It is estimated that ca. 4% of the population is affected by food allergenic disorders. Food allergies are defined as IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. Foods such as peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, soy, cow's milk, egg, fish and shellfish are regarded as responsible for the majority of reactions. The ubiquitous presence of allergens in the human foods coupled with an increased awareness of food allergies warrants to undertake appropriate preventive measures for protecting sensitive consumers from unwanted exposure to offending food allergens. 2-DE followed by immunoblotting and identification of IgE-reactive proteins, as a proteomic approach to identify new allergens in foods, are reviewed. Specific examples of identification of allergens in foods and beverages by using 2-DE and IgE are described. Protein profiling using 2-DE and allergens detection by IgE has become a powerful method for analyzing changes of allergens content in complex matrix during food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante e Microbiologia Applicata, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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Sapone A, Lammers KM, Mazzarella G, Mikhailenko I, Cartenì M, Casolaro V, Fasano A. Differential mucosal IL-17 expression in two gliadin-induced disorders: gluten sensitivity and the autoimmune enteropathy celiac disease. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2009; 152:75-80. [PMID: 19940509 DOI: 10.1159/000260087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune-mediated enteropathy, celiac disease (CD), and gluten sensitivity (GS) are two distinct clinical conditions that are both triggered by the ingestion of wheat gliadin. CD, but not GS, is associated with and possibly mediated by an autoimmune process. Recent studies show that gliadin may induce the activation of IL-17-producing T cells and that IL-17 expression in the CD mucosa correlates with gluten intake. METHODS The small-intestinal mucosa of patients with CD and GS and dyspeptic controls was analyzed for expression of IL-17A mRNA by quantitative RT-PCR. The number of CD3+ and TCR-gammadelta lymphocytes and the proportion of CD3+ cells coexpressing the Th17 marker CCR6 were examined by in situ small-intestinal immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Mucosal expression of IL-17A was significantly increased in CD but not in GS patients, compared to controls. This difference was due to enhanced IL-17A levels in >50% of CD patients, with the remainder expressing levels similar to GS patients or controls, and was paralleled by a trend toward increased proportions of CD3+CCR6+ cells in intestinal mucosal specimens from these subjects. CONCLUSION We conclude that GS, albeit gluten-induced, is different from CD not only with respect to the genetic makeup and clinical and functional parameters, but also with respect to the nature of the immune response. Our findings also suggest that two subgroups of CD, IL-17-dependent and IL-17-independent, may be identified based on differential mucosal expression of this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sapone
- Sezione Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy
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Ito K, Futamura M, Borres MP, Takaoka Y, Dahlstrom J, Sakamoto T, Tanaka A, Kohno K, Matsuo H, Morita E. IgE antibodies to omega-5 gliadin associate with immediate symptoms on oral wheat challenge in Japanese children. Allergy 2008; 63:1536-42. [PMID: 18925890 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliadins have been implicated in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy to ingested wheat and omega-5-gliadin is known to represent a major allergen in wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Less known is whether omega-5-gliadin is a clinically relevant allergen in children with immediate allergy to ingested wheat. This study investigates whether specific IgE antibodies to omega-5-gliadin (sIgE-omega-5-gliadin-ab) could be used as a marker for oral wheat challenge outcome in wheat-sensitized children. A secondary objective was to study whether the level of sIgE-omega-5-gliadin was related to symptom severity in children with a positive challenge test. METHODS Serum samples from 88 children sensitized to wheat, of whom 35 underwent wheat challenge, were collected consecutively. sIgE-omega-5-gliadin-ab was related to a physician's diagnosis of wheat allergy and challenge symptoms. RESULTS The mean concentration of sIgE-omega-5-gliadin-ab was 7.25 kU(A)/l in patients with wheat allergy and 1.08 kU(A)/l in patients with no wheat allergy (P < 0.01). sIgE-omega-5-gliadin-ab was only detected in 12 of the non-wheat allergic children and 11 of them had a specific IgE to wheat below 1.30 kU(A)/l. Children reacting with severe symptoms upon challenge (n = 8) had increased levels of sIgE-omega-5-gliadin-ab compared to children with moderate, mild or no symptoms (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The presence of sIgE-omega-5-gliadin-ab is related to the reaction level to wheat challenge outcome in wheat-sensitized children. The sIgE-omega-5-gliadin-ab was found to be associated with a strong convincing history of wheat allergy also in those cases when oral food challenge was avoided. The sIgE-omega-5-gliadin-ab level may serve as a marker for clinical reactivity in wheat-sensitized individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ito
- Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan
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Beyer K, Chung D, Schulz G, Mishoe M, Niggemann B, Wahn U, Sampson HA. The role of wheat ω-5 gliadin IgE antibodies as a diagnostic tool for wheat allergy in childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:419-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Constantin C, Quirce S, Grote M, Touraev A, Swoboda I, Stoecklinger A, Mari A, Thalhamer J, Heberle-Bors E, Valenta R. Molecular and immunological characterization of a wheat serine proteinase inhibitor as a novel allergen in baker's asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:7451-60. [PMID: 18490745 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.11.7451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IgE-mediated sensitization to wheat flour belongs to the most frequent causes of occupational asthma. A cDNA library from wheat seeds was constructed and screened with serum IgE from baker's asthma patients. One IgE-reactive phage clone contained a full-length cDNA coding for an allergen with a molecular mass of 9.9 kDa and an isoelectric point of 6. According to sequence analysis it represents a member of the potato inhibitor I family, a group of serine proteinase inhibitors, and thus is the first allergen belonging to the group 6 pathogenesis-related proteins. The recombinant wheat seed proteinase inhibitor was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. According to circular dichroism analysis, it represented a soluble and folded protein with high thermal stability containing mainly beta-sheets, random coils, and an alpha-helical element. The recombinant allergen showed allergenic activity in basophil histamine release assays and reacted specifically with IgE from 3 of 22 baker's asthma patients, but not with IgE from grass pollen allergic patients or patients suffering from food allergy to wheat. Allergen-specific Abs were raised to localize the allergen by immunogold electron microscopy in the starchy endosperm and the aleuron layer. The allergen is mainly expressed in mature wheat seeds and, despite an approximately 50% sequence identity, showed no relevant cross-reactivity with allergens from other plant-derived food sources such as maize, rice, beans, or potatoes. Recombinant wheat serine proteinase inhibitor, when used in combination with other specific allergens, may be useful for the diagnosis and therapy of IgE-mediated baker's asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Constantin
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Sotkovský P, Hubálek M, Hernychová L, Novák P, Havranová M, Setinová I, Kitanovicová A, Fuchs M, Stulík J, Tucková L. Proteomic analysis of wheat proteins recognized by IgE antibodies of allergic patients. Proteomics 2008; 8:1677-91. [PMID: 18340628 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Wheat belongs to six major food allergens inducing IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction manifesting as cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and respiratory symptoms. Although cereals are a staple food item in most diets, only a few wheat proteins causing hypersensitivity have been identified. To characterize wheat allergens, salt-soluble wheat extracts were separated by 1-DE and 2-DE and IgE-binding proteins were detected by immunoblotting using sera of patients with allergy to ingested wheat. Proteins, frequently recognized by IgE on 2-DE were analyzed by MALDI-TOF and QTOF and their spectrum was completed by 1-DE and LCQ(DECA) nLC-MS/MS IT technique. Using all three techniques we identified 19 potential wheat allergens such as alpha-amylase inhibitors, beta-amylase, profilin, serpin, beta-D-glucan exohydrolase, and 27K protein. Employing newly developed ELISA, levels of IgE Abs against Sulamit wheat extract and alpha-amylase inhibitors type 1 and 3 were quantified and shown to be significantly elevated in sera of allergic patients compared to those of healthy controls. The level of IgE Abs against alpha-amylase inhibitor type 3 was lower, slightly above the cut-off value in the majority of patients' sera. Our findings contribute to the identification of wheat allergens aimed to increase the specificity of serum IgE and cell activation diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Sotkovský
- Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Bodinier M, Brossard C, Triballeau S, Morisset M, Guérin-Marchand C, Pineau F, de Coppet P, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Blank U, Denery-Papini S. Evaluation of an in vitro mast cell degranulation test in the context of food allergy to wheat. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 146:307-20. [PMID: 18367844 DOI: 10.1159/000121465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigenic profiles obtained by ELISA with IgE from patients with wheat food allergy (WFA) established that major allergens are albumins/globulins (AG) for children suffering from atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS), omega5-gliadins for adults suffering from wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA), anaphylaxis or urticaria and low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin subunits for patients with anaphylaxis. We aimed to characterize a new mast cell transfectant for its ability to degranulate with wheat proteins and patient sera and compare these results to those obtained by ELISA. METHODS Thirty sera from patients with WFA were tested: 14 with AEDS (group 1) and 16 with WDEIA, anaphylaxis or urticaria (group 2). An IgE Fc receptor (FcepsilonRI) humanized rat RBL-2H3 line was established by transfection with cDNAs encoding alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunits for the human IgE receptor. RESULTS A humanized RBL clone was selected for its capacity to express mRNA alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunits of FcepsilonRI, to bind allergen-specific human IgE and to degranulate. In group 1, sera induced enhanced degranulation with AG extract, but rarely reacted with gliadins and glutenins. In group 2, half of the sera showed degranulation with LMW glutenins whereas the AG fraction and lipid transfer proteins were rarely positive. omega5-Gliadins did not appear as a major allergen in degranulation assays, although functional allergen-specific IgE was measurable in appreciable amounts. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that in wheat food allergen evaluation, correlation exists between mast cell degranulation and IgE measurements, depending on the type of allergen. Therefore, the biological activity of some allergen types may also be affected by other parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bodinier
- Unité de Recherche 1268, Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
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González-Buitrago JM, Ferreira L, Isidoro-García M, Sanz C, Lorente F, Dávila I. Proteomic approaches for identifying new allergens and diagnosing allergic diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 385:21-7. [PMID: 17707361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases are (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reactions affecting more than 25% of the world's population. Proteomic technologies have been increasingly used in the field of allergy and include the use of protein microarrays and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunoblotting. METHODS The literature relevant to proteomic approaches to allergic diseases was searched using MEDLINE database. We reviewed proteomics approaches and applications, focusing specifically on two-dimensional immunoblotting techniques and allergen microarrays. RESULTS The results obtained show that proteomic approaches using two-dimensional immunoblotting appear to be a powerful strategy for the identification of allergenic proteins. Likewise, the use of allergen microarrays allows a large number of IgE antibodies to be simultaneously identified. CONCLUSIONS Proteomic approaches are only beginning to be applied to the study of allergy. In the field of in vitro diagnosis, allergen microarrays provide a promising tool not routinely used in the allergy laboratory. In the near future this powerful technique will be used as a standard technique for in vitro diagnosis of allergy.
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De Zorzi M, Curioni A, Simonato B, Giannattasio M, Pasini G. Effect of pasta drying temperature on gastrointestinal digestibility and allergenicity of durum wheat proteins. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Outcome measures. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 6:241-4. [PMID: 16670521 DOI: 10.1097/01.all.0000225167.72842.fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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