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Minoretti P, Fortuna G, Lavdas K, D'Acquino D. Potential Biomarkers of Resilience to Microgravity Hazards in Astronauts. Cureus 2024; 16:e57173. [PMID: 38681405 PMCID: PMC11056033 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Space exploration exposes astronauts to the unique environment of microgravity, which poses significant health challenges. Identifying biomarkers that can predict an individual's resilience to the stressors of microgravity holds great promise for optimizing astronaut selection and developing personalized countermeasures. This narrative review examines the principal health risks associated with microgravity and explores potential biomarkers indicative of resilience. The biomarkers being evaluated represent a broad spectrum of physiological domains, including musculoskeletal, neurological, immunological, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and cutaneous systems. Earth-based microgravity analogs, such as dry immersion and head-down tilt bed rest, may provide valuable platforms to validate candidate biomarkers. However, biomarker sensitivity and specificity must be further evaluated to ensure efficacy and reliability. Establishing a panel of biomarkers predictive of resilience to microgravity-induced health risks would significantly enhance astronaut health and mission success, especially for long-duration exploration missions. Insights gained may also translate to health conditions on Earth characterized by reduced physical activity and mechanical loading.
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El Khiati R, Tighilet B, Besnard S, Chabbert C. Vestibular Disorders and Hormonal Dysregulations: State of the Art and Clinical Perspectives. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040656. [PMID: 36831323 PMCID: PMC9954452 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between endocrine and vestibular systems remains poorly documented so far, despite numerous observations in humans and animals revealing direct links between the two systems. For example, dizziness or vestibular instabilities often accompany the menstrual cycle and are highly associated with the pre-menopause period, while sex hormones, together with their specific receptors, are expressed at key places of the vestibular sensory network. Similarly, other hormones may be associated with vestibular disorders either as causal/inductive factors or as correlates of the pathology. This review was carried out according to the PRISMA method, covering the last two decades and using the MEDLINE and COCHRANE databases in order to identify studies associating the terms vestibular system and/or vestibular pathologies and hormones. Our literature search identified 646 articles, 67 of which referred directly to vestibular dysfunction associated with hormonal variations. While we noted specific hormonal profiles depending on the pathology considered, very few clinical studies attempted to establish a direct link between the expression of the vestibular syndrome and the level of circulating hormones. This review also proposes different approaches to shed new light on the link between hormones and vestibular disorders, and to improve both the diagnosis and the therapeutic management of dizzy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhizlane El Khiati
- Aix Marseille University—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Cognitive Neurosciences, UMR7291, Team Pathophysiology and Therapy of Vestibular Disorders, 13331 Marseille, France
- Research Group on Vestibular Pathophysiology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unit GDR2074, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Brahim Tighilet
- Aix Marseille University—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Cognitive Neurosciences, UMR7291, Team Pathophysiology and Therapy of Vestibular Disorders, 13331 Marseille, France
- Research Group on Vestibular Pathophysiology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unit GDR2074, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Besnard
- Aix Marseille University—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Cognitive Neurosciences, UMR7291, Team Pathophysiology and Therapy of Vestibular Disorders, 13331 Marseille, France
- Research Group on Vestibular Pathophysiology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unit GDR2074, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Christian Chabbert
- Aix Marseille University—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Cognitive Neurosciences, UMR7291, Team Pathophysiology and Therapy of Vestibular Disorders, 13331 Marseille, France
- Research Group on Vestibular Pathophysiology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unit GDR2074, 13331 Marseille, France
- Correspondence:
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Zhang ZH, Liu LP, Fang Y, Wang XC, Wang W, Chan YS, Wang L, Li H, Li YQ, Zhang FX. A New Vestibular Stimulation Mode for Motion Sickness With Emphatic Analysis of Pica. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:882695. [PMID: 35600993 PMCID: PMC9115577 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.882695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motion sickness (MS) was frequently introduced for rodents in research work through passive motion that disturbed vestibular signals in the presence of visual and aleatory, proprioceptive inputs. Inducement of MS in this way causes conflicting signals that activate intermixed neural circuits representing multimodal stimulation. From reductionism, a lab setup to elicit rat MS via vestibular stimulation was configured in the present study for MS study in connection with dissection of the central vestibular component causally underlying MS. The individual animal was blinded to light with a custom-made restrainer, and positioned at an inclination of 30° for otolith organs to receive unusual actions by gravitoinertial vector. Following a 2-h double-axis (earth–vertical) rotation involving angular acceleration/deceleration, a suit of behaviors characterizing the MS was observed to be significantly changed including pica (eating non-nutritive substance like kaolin), conditioned taste avoidance and locomotion (p < 0.05). Notably, for the statistical hypothesis testing, the utility of net increased amount of kaolin consumption as independent variables in data processing was expounded. In addition, Fos-immunostained neurons in vestibular nucleus complex were significantly increased in number, suggesting the rotation-induced MS was closely related to the vestibular activation. In conclusion, our work indicated that the present setup could effectively elicit the MS by disturbing vestibular signals in rat in the context of well-controlled proprioceptive inputs and lack of visual afference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Li-Peng Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Wang
- Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Biomedicine College, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Li,
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Yun-Qing Li,
| | - Fu-Xing Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Fu-Xing Zhang,
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Hormones and Vestibular Disorders: The Quest for Biomarkers. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050592. [PMID: 35624978 PMCID: PMC9139641 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The vestibular system exerts control over various functions through neural pathways that are not yet fully mapped. Functional dysregulations or tissue lesions at different levels of the peripheral and the central vestibular networks can alter these different functions, causing a wide variety of symptoms, ranging from posturo-locomotor alterations to psychiatric syndromes such as PPPD, including the deregulation of the main biological functions. These different symptoms differ by their expression kinetics (they each appear and regress with their own kinetics) by the targets affected (muscles, organs, and brain areas) and by the sensitivity specific to each individual. Vestibular pathologies thus cover a mosaic of distinct effects, and they involve various effectors—which constitute the many markers of their different types and stages. It is therefore crucial, to predict the onset of a vertigo syndrome, to follow its temporal course, or to monitor the impact of therapeutic approaches, and to have specific and reliable biomarkers. Hormonal variations are among the possible sources of biomarkers for neurotology. We know that specific hormonal profiles can promote the appearance of vestibular disorders. We also know that the expression of vertigo syndrome is accompanied by measurable hormonal variations. The link between endocrine deregulation and vestibular alterations therefore no longer needs to be proven. However, there are still few data on their precise correlations with the vertigo syndrome. This study was undertaken with the aim to deliver an extensive review of the hormonal alterations linked to vestibular disorders. A review of the literature covering the last two decades was carried out using the MEDLINE and COCHRANE databases in order to identify studies associating the terms vestibular system or vestibular pathologies and hormones. Bibliographic data provides several outcomes in terms of therapeutic innovation in the diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up of vestibular pathologies.
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Zhao Q, Ning BF, Zhou JY, Wang J, Yao YJ, Peng ZY, Yuan ZL, Chen JD, Xie WF. Transcutaneous Electrical Acustimulation Ameliorates Motion Sickness Induced by Rotary Chair in Healthy Subjects: A Prospective Randomized Crossover Study. Neuromodulation 2022; 25:1421-1430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xu LH, Yang Y, Liu HX, Xiao SF, Qiu WX, Wang JX, Zhao CC, Gui YH, Liu GZ, Peng B, Li X, Wang GH, Zhou X, Jiang ZL. Inner Ear Arginine Vasopressin-Vasopressin Receptor 2-Aquaporin 2 Signaling Pathway Is Involved in the Induction of Motion Sickness. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:248-260. [PMID: 32165443 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.264390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been identified that arginine vasopressin (AVP), vasopressin receptor 2(V2R), and the aquaporin 2 (AQP2) signaling pathway in the inner ear play important roles in hearing and balance functions through regulating the endolymph equilibrium; however, the contributions of this signaling pathway to the development of motion sickness are unclear. The present study was designed to investigate whether the activation of the AVP-V2R-AQP2 signaling pathway in the inner ear is involved in the induction of motion sickness and whether mozavaptan, a V2R antagonist, could reduce motion sickness. We found that both rotatory stimulus and intraperitoneal AVP injection induced conditioned taste aversion (a confirmed behavioral index for motion sickness) in rats and activated the AVP-V2R-AQP2 signaling pathway with a responsive V2R downregulation in the inner ears, and AVP perfusion in cultured epithelial cells from rat endolymphatic sacs induced similar changes in this pathway signaling. Vestibular training, V2R antagonist mozavaptan, or PKA inhibitor H89 blunted these changes in the V2R-AQP2 pathway signaling while reducing rotatory stimulus- or DDAVP (a V2R agonist)-induced motion sickness in rats and dogs. Therefore, our results suggest that activation of the inner ear AVP-V2R-AQP2 signaling pathway is potentially involved in the development of motion sickness; thus, mozavaptan targeting AVP V2Rs in the inner ear may provide us with a new application option to reduce motion sickness. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Motion sickness affects many people traveling or working. In the present study our results showed that activation of the inner ear arginine vasopressin-vaspopressin receptor 2 (V2R)-aquaporin 2 signaling pathway was potentially involved in the development of motion sickness and that blocking V2R with mozavaptan, a V2R antagonist, was much more effective in reducing motion sickness in both rat and dog; therefore, we demonstrated a new mechanism to underlie motion sickness and a new candidate drug to reduce motion sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Xu
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Xia Liu
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shui-Feng Xiao
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Xia Qiu
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Chen Zhao
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan-Hong Gui
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gui-Zhu Liu
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng-Lin Jiang
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Chen MM, Xu LH, Chang L, Yin P, Jiang ZL. Reduction of Motion Sickness Through Targeting Histamine N-Methyltransferase in the Dorsal Vagal Complex of the Brain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 364:367-376. [PMID: 29298819 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.244475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) activity in the development of motion sickness (MS) in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) to inform the development of new drugs for MS, Beagle dogs and Sprague-Dawley rats were rotated to simulate MS. HNMT expression in the brain stem and DVC was measured. The effects of systemic application of tacrine, an HNMT inhibitor, on the development of MS were observed. Moreover, we microinjected a histamine receptor H1 inhibitor, promethazine, into the DVC to verify the involvement of histaminergic neurotransmission in MS. Finally, lentiviral vectors were microinjected into the DVC to determine the effects of altered HNMT expression on MS. We found the following: 1) HNMT expression in the medulla oblongata of dogs and rats insusceptible to MS was higher than in susceptible animals; 2) tacrine dose-dependently promoted MS in both animals and raised histamine level in rat medulla oblongata; 3) blocking histaminergic neurotransmission in the DVC with promethazine inhibited MS; 4) rotatory stimulus induced an elevation in HNMT expression, and vestibular training elevated the basal level of HNMT in the DVC during habituation to MS; 5) in vivo transfection of a lentiviral vector packaged with the HNMT gene increased HNMT expression in the DVC and reduced MS; and 6) microinjection of a lentiviral vector driving the interference of HNMT gene expression in vivo significantly inhibited HNMT expression in the DVC and exacerbated MS. In conclusion, HNMT expression in the brain stem is inversely correlated with MS development. Increasing HNMT expression or stimulating its activity in the DVC could inhibit MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Chen
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Xu
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chang
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yin
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Lin Jiang
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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AVP modulation of the vestibular nucleus via V1b receptors potentially contributes to the development of motion sickness in rat. Mol Brain 2015; 8:86. [PMID: 26651338 PMCID: PMC4676835 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is considered to be an etiologic hormone in motion sickness (MS). The present study was designed to investigate whether individual differences in AVP expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and in modulation on the vestibular nucleus (VN) are involved in MS. Systemic application or microinjection of AVP into rat VN and rotatory stimulus were used to induce conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to 0.15 % saccharin sodium solution as a model of MS. RESULTS Intra-VN use of SSR149415, an antagonist of V1b receptors (V1bRs), blunted CTA. AVP inhibited Ca(2+) influxes through L-type Ca(2+) channels and NMDA receptor channels in cultured VN neurones, but antagonised by SSR149415. More AVP and V1bRs were expressed respectively in the PVN and VN after rotatory stimulus, especially in rats susceptible to MS. In the VN, AVP content was low, the AVP mRNA was less expressed, a few AVP-positive fibres were sparsely distributed, and fewer AVP/synaptophysin-positive terminals were identified. Almost no fluoro-ruby-labelled AVP-positive neurones in the PVN were found with retrograde tracing from the VN. SNP analysis of the reported 9 sites of the AVP gene showed significant difference between the groups susceptible and insusceptible to MS at the site rs105235842 in the allele frequencies and genotypes. However, there was not any difference between these two groups in the SNP of the reported 38 sites of V1bR gene. CONCLUSIONS AVP, through its modulatory, possibly humoral action on the VN neurones via the mediation of V1bR, may contribute to the development of motion sickness in rats; AVP gene polymorphisms may contribute to the individual difference in the responsive expression of AVP in the PVN; and higher expressions of AVP in the PVN and V1bRs in the VN may contribute to the development of motion sickness in rats after vestibular stimulation.
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Santurtun E, Phillips CJC. The impact of vehicle motion during transport on animal welfare. Res Vet Sci 2015; 100:303-8. [PMID: 25847285 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Motion sickness is a common response in humans and some species of farm livestock during transport, but research on the impact of motion has been primarily focused on the use of animal models for humans. During livestock transportation, animals seek to minimise uncontrolled movements to reduce energy consumption and maintain posture. Road and sea transport of livestock can produce motion sickness and stress responses. Clinical signs are the result of autonomous nervous system activation. Studies conducted on road transportation effects in domestic animals showed several motion sickness behaviours including vomiting and, in ruminants, a reduction in rumination. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the impact of sea transport motion. Despite the paucity of data on livestock, there is sufficient evidence to believe that motion might affect animal welfare when animals are transported by road or sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Santurtun
- Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Clive J C Phillips
- Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia
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Zheng Y, Wang XL, Mo FF, Li M. Dexamethasone alleviates motion sickness in rats in part by enhancing the endocannabinoid system. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 727:99-105. [PMID: 24508383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Low-dose dexamethasone has been widely used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy and surgical procedures and to treat motion sickness due to its minimal adverse effects, but the mechanisms underlying its anti-motion sickness effects are poorly understood. Previous studies have demonstrated that the endocannabinoid system is suppressed by motion sickness but stimulated by dexamethasone. The aim of the present study was to determine whether dexamethasone has an anti-motion sickness effect in rats and to elucidate the mechanism of this action. We used HPLC-MS/MS to measure the plasma concentrations of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol+1-arachidonoylglycerol, and we employed real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and/or Western blot analysis to assay the expression of N-acylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine hydrolyzing phospholipase D, sn-1-selective diacylglycerol lipase, fatty acid hydrolase, monoacylglycerol lipase and endocannabinoid CB1 receptor in the dorsal vagal complex and stomach of rats exposed to a motion sickness protocol. The results showed that dexamethasone lowered the motion sickness index and restored the levels of endogenous cannabinoids and the expression of the endocannabinoid CB1 receptor, which declined after the induction of motion sickness, in the dorsal vagal complex and stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Department of Military Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai, China; Department of Nutrition, Tong Ren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xian Xia Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Department of Military Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng-Feng Mo
- Department of Military Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Li
- Department of Military Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai, China.
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Acute hyperglycemia is related to gastrointestinal symptoms in motion sickness: an experimental study. Physiol Behav 2011; 105:394-401. [PMID: 21907224 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Motion sickness is caused by exposure to unfamiliar motions and typical symptoms of motion sickness include nausea and vomiting. To observe the metabolic and hormonal differences between nausea/vomiting (NAV) subjects and non-nausea/vomiting (NNV) ones, and to understand how the differences in metabolites and hormones affect the tolerance of organism to acceleration, 60 volunteers were exposed to repetitive acceleration using a 6-degree-of-freedom ship motion simulator. Meanwhile, 36 rats were randomly divided into three groups: an acceleration model group (n=14, exposed to acceleration), insulin group (n=14, intraperitoneal injection of insulin 30 min before exposure to acceleration), and control group (n=8). Gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) was applied to analyze the serum metabolites in human subjects. Serum glucocorticoid, insulin, and glucagon levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in the NAV and NNV subjects as well as in rats, and serum epinephrine level was determined by ELISA. After acceleration exposure, 9 metabolites, including L-histidine, L-ornithine, L-serine, L-tyrosine, pyroglutamic acid, fumaric acid, urea, n-dodecanoic acid and n-tetradecanoic acid, had different changes in the NAV and NNV groups. The serum levels of 4-hydroxy-L-proline, glucose, oleic acid and urea were significantly higher in the NAV group than in the NNV group after exposure; however, only the elevation degree of serum glucose was significantly greater in the NAV group than in the NNV group (P<0.05). Serum cortisol and epinephrine were increased in both groups. Before exposure, insulin level in the NAV group was significantly lower than that in the NNV group (P<0.05). After rotation exposure, rat serum glucose in the insulin group was significantly lower than that in the acceleration model group (P<0.001), and the motion sickness index was significantly lower than that in the acceleration model group (P<0.05). Our study provides the first evidence that stable glucose level can help to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms in motion sickness, and suggests that acute hyperglycemia is related to gastrointestinal symptoms in motion sickness.
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12
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Houpt TA, Cassell JA, Hood A, DenBleyker M, Janowitz I, Mueller K, Ortega B, Smith JC. Repeated exposure attenuates the behavioral response of rats to static high magnetic fields. Physiol Behav 2010; 99:500-8. [PMID: 20045422 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of rats to high strength static magnetic fields of 7 T or above has behavioral effects such as the induction of locomotor circling, the suppression of rearing, and the acquisition of conditioned taste aversion (CTA). To determine if habituation occurs across magnetic field exposures, rats were pre-exposed two times to a 14 T static magnetic field for 30 min on two consecutive days; on the third day, rats were given access to a novel 0.125% saccharin prior to a third 30-min exposure to the 14 T magnetic field. Compared to sham-exposed rats, pre-exposed rats showed less locomotor circling and an attenuated CTA. Rearing was suppressed in all magnet-exposed groups regardless of pre-exposure, suggesting that the suppression of rearing is more sensitive than other behavioral responses to magnet exposure. Habituation was also observed when rats underwent pre-exposures at 2-3h intervals on a single day. Components of the habituation were also long-lasting; a diminished circling response was observed when rats were exposed to magnetic field 36 days after 2 pre-exposures. To control for possible effects of unconditioned stimulus pre-exposure, rats were also tested in a similar experimental design with two injections of LiCl prior to the pairing of saccharin with a third injection of LiCl. Pre-exposure to LiCl did not attenuate the LiCl-induced CTA, suggesting that 2 pre-exposures to an unconditioned stimulus are not sufficient to explain the habituation to magnet exposure. Because the effects of magnetic field exposure are dependent on an intact vestibular apparatus, and because the vestibular system can habituate to many forms of perturbation, habituation to magnetic field exposure is consistent with mediation of magnetic field effects by the vestibular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Houpt
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4340, USA.
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Imai K, Kitakoji H, Sakita M. Gastric arrhythmia and nausea of motion sickness induced in healthy Japanese subjects viewing an optokinetic rotating drum. J Physiol Sci 2006; 56:341-5. [PMID: 17002813 DOI: 10.2170/physiolsci.rp005306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nausea or gastric dysrhythmia, including tachygastria, which was determined by electrogastrography (EGG), were observed during optokinetic motion sickness in healthy Japanese volunteers. Twelve volunteers (9 men and 3 women) participated in the study. The subjects were asked to sit in a chair with their heads positioned in the center of a drum whose inside had been painted with black and white stripes. After a 15 min resting period, the drum was rotated at a speed of 60 degree/sec for 15 min. The EGG was continuously recorded for a total of 45 min (15 min resting period, 15 min rotation period, and 15 min recovery period). The severity of nausea was evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS) before, immediately after, and 15 min after the cessation of drum rotation. Other motion sickness symptoms were evaluated by scores of subjective symptoms of motion sickness (SSMS). Of 12 subjects who completed the study, 10 complained of nausea immediately after cessation of drum rotation. The VAS score for nausea immediately after the drum rotation period and 15 min after cessation of the rotation was significantly higher than during the resting period. The EGG during the drum rotation period showed a decrease in normogastria, which was accompanied with an increase in tachygastria. We conclude that gastric tachyarrhythmia and nausea may be induced by viewing an optokinetic rotating drum in healthy Japanese subjects who may have a hypersusceptibility to vection-induced motion sickness. The gastric dysrhythmia obtained with EGG could be a useful observation to support the appearance of nausea induced by optokinetic motion sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Imai
- Department of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion II, Meiji University of Oriental Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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