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Yang Y, Nan Y, Chen Q, Xiao Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Huang Q, Ai K. Antioxidative 0-dimensional nanodrugs overcome obstacles in AKI antioxidant therapy. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8081-8095. [PMID: 37540219 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00970j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a commonly encountered syndrome associated with various aetiologies and pathophysiological processes leading to enormous health risks and economic losses. In the absence of specific drugs to treat AKI, hemodialysis remains the primary clinical treatment for AKI patients. The revelation of the pathology opens new horizons for antioxidant therapy in the treatment of AKI. However, small molecule antioxidant drugs and common nanozymes have failed to challenge AKI due to their unsatisfactory drug properties and renal physiological barriers. 0-Dimensional (0D) antioxidant nanodrugs stand out at this time thanks to their small size and high performance. Recently, a number of research studies have been carried out around 0D nanodrugs for alleviating AKI, and their multi-antioxidant enzyme mimetic activities, smooth glomerular filtration barrier permeability and excellent biocompatibility have been investigated. Here, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in 0D nanodrugs for AKI antioxidant therapy. We classify these representative studies into three categories according to the characteristics of 0D nanomaterials, namely ultra-small metal nanodots, inorganic non-metallic quantum dots and polymer nanodots. We focus on the antioxidant mechanisms and their distribution in vivo in each inspiring work, and the purpose and ingenuity of each design are rigorously captured and described. Finally, we provide our reflections and prospects for 0D antioxidant nanodrugs in AKI treatment. This mini review provides unique insights and valuable clues in the design of 0D nanodrugs and other kidney absorbable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yayun Nan
- Geriatric Medical Center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Qiaohui Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zuoxiu Xiao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Huanan Zhang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Kelong Ai
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
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2
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Xu Y, Zheng H, Schumacher D, Liehn EA, Slabu I, Rusu M. Recent Advancements of Specific Functionalized Surfaces of Magnetic Nano- and Microparticles as a Theranostics Source in Biomedicine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1914-1932. [PMID: 33856199 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nano- and microparticles (MNMPs) belong to a highly versatile class of colloids with actuator and sensor properties that have been broadly studied for their application in theranostics such as molecular imaging and drug delivery. The use of advanced biocompatible, biodegradable polymers and polyelectrolytes as MNMP coating materials is essential to ensure the stability of MNMPs and enable efficient drug release while at the same time preventing cytotoxic effects. In the past years, huge progress has been made in terms of the design of MNMPs. Especially, the understanding of coating formation with respect to control of drug loading and release kinetics on the molecular level has significantly advanced. In this review, recent advancements in the field of MNMP surface engineering and the applicability of MNMPs in research fields of medical imaging, diagnosis, and nanotherapeutics are presented and discussed. Furthermore, in this review the main emphasis is put on the manipulation of biological specimens and cell trafficking, for which MNMPs represent a favorable tool enabling transport processes of drugs through cell membranes. Finally, challenges and future perspectives for applications of MNMPs as theranostic nanomaterials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Huabo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Angiology, and Intensive Care, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - David Schumacher
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisa Anamaria Liehn
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Angiology, and Intensive Care, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology "Victor Babes", Splaiul Independentei nr. 99-101, Sector 5, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Slabu
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihaela Rusu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology "Victor Babes", Splaiul Independentei nr. 99-101, Sector 5, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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3
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El-Sayed A, Kamel M. Advances in nanomedical applications: diagnostic, therapeutic, immunization, and vaccine production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19200-19213. [PMID: 31529348 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, nanotechnology-based tools started to draw the attention of research worldwide. They offer economic, rapid, effective, and highly specific solutions for most medical issues. As a result, the international demand of nanomaterials is expanding very rapidly. It was estimated that the market of nanomaterials was about $2.6 trillion in 2015. In medicine, various applications of nanotechnology proved their potential to revolutionize medical diagnosis, immunization, treatment, and even health care products. The loading substances can be coupled with a large set of nanoparticles (NPs) by many means: chemically (conjugation), physically (encapsulation), or via adsorption. The use of the suitable loading nanosubstance depends on the application purpose. They can be used to deliver various chemicals (drugs, chemotherapeutic agents, or imaging substances), or biological substances (antigens, antibodies, RNA, or DNA) through endocytosis. They can even be used to deliver light and heat to their target cells when needed. The present review provides a brief overview about the structure and shape of available NPs and discusses their applications in the medical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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4
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Wang F, Takahashi K, Li H, Zu Z, Li K, Xu J, Harris RC, Takahashi T, Gore JC. Assessment of unilateral ureter obstruction with multi-parametric MRI. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:2216-2227. [PMID: 28736875 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) methods may allow the assessment of renal injury and function in a sensitive and objective manner. This study aimed to evaluate an array of MRI methods that exploit endogenous contrasts including relaxation rates, pool size ratio (PSR) derived from quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for their sensitivity and specificity in detecting abnormal features associated with kidney disease in a murine model of unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO). METHODS MRI scans were performed in anesthetized C57BL/6N mice 1, 3, or 6 days after UUO at 7T. Paraffin tissue sections were stained with Masson trichrome following MRI. RESULTS Compared to contralateral kidneys, the cortices of UUO kidneys showed decreases of relaxation rates R1 and R2 , PSR, NOE, and ADC. No significant changes in CEST effects were observed for the cortical region of UUO kidneys. The MRI parametric changes in renal cortex are related to tubular cell death, tubular atrophy, tubular dilation, urine retention, and interstitial fibrosis in the cortex of UUO kidneys. CONCLUSION Measurements of multiple MRI parameters provide comprehensive information about the molecular and cellular changes produced by UUO. Magn Reson Med 79:2216-2227, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keiko Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Junzhong Xu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Takamune Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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5
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Khosroshahi HT, Abedi B, Daneshvar S, Sarbaz Y, Shakeri Bavil A. Future of the Renal Biopsy: Time to Change the Conventional Modality Using Nanotechnology. Int J Biomed Imaging 2017; 2017:6141734. [PMID: 28316612 PMCID: PMC5337808 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6141734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
At the present time, imaging guided renal biopsy is used to provide diagnoses in most types of primary and secondary renal diseases. It has been claimed that renal biopsy can provide a link between diagnosis of renal disease and its pathological conditions. However, sometimes there is a considerable mismatch between patient renal outcome and pathological findings in renal biopsy. This is the time to address some new diagnostic methods to resolve the insufficiency of conventional percutaneous guided renal biopsy. Nanotechnology is still in its infancy in renal imaging; however, it seems that it is the next step in renal biopsy, providing solutions to the limitations of conventional modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behzad Abedi
- Medical Bioengineering Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sabalan Daneshvar
- Medical Bioengineering Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yashar Sarbaz
- School of Engineering-Emerging Technologies, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Khalid H, Mukherjee SP, O'Neill L, Byrne HJ. Structural dependence of in vitro cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and uptake mechanisms of poly(propylene imine) dendritic nanoparticles. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:464-73. [PMID: 26671548 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro cytotoxic and intracellular oxidative stress responses to exposure to poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendritic nanoparticles of increasing generation (number of repeated branching cycles) (G0-G4) were assessed in an immortal non-cancerous human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). Confocal fluorescence microscopy with organelle staining was used to explore the uptake and intracellular trafficking mechanisms. A generation- and dose-dependent cytotoxic response was observed, increasing according to generation and, therefore, number of surface amino groups. A comparison of the cytotoxic response of G4 PPI and the related G4 poly(amido amine) dendrimer indicates that the PPI with the same number of surface amino groups elicits a significantly higher cytotoxic response. The trend of cytotoxicity versus dendrimer generation and, therefore, size is discontinuous in the region of G2, however, indicating a difference in uptake mechanism for higher compared to lower generations. Whereas the higher generations elicit an oxidative stress response at short exposure times, the lower generations indicate an antioxidant response. Confocal microscopy indicates that, whereas they are prominent at early exposure times for the larger PPI dendrimers, no evidence of early stage endosomes was observed for lower generations of PPI. The results are consistent with an alternative uptake mechanism of physical diffusion across the semipermeable cell membrane for the lower generation dendrimers and are discussed in terms of their implications for predictive models for nanotoxicology and design strategies for nanomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humza Khalid
- FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.,School of Physics, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | - Luke O'Neill
- FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
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7
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Peng H, Liu X, Wang G, Li M, Bratlie KM, Cochran E, Wang Q. Polymeric multifunctional nanomaterials for theranostics. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6856-6870. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00617a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Various applications of polymeric multifunctional nanomaterials for theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Daqing Campus
- Harbin Medical University
- Daqing
- China
| | - Guangtian Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Daqing Campus
- Harbin Medical University
- Daqing
- China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Daqing Campus
- Harbin Medical University
- Daqing
- China
| | - Kaitlin M. Bratlie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
- Depatrment of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Eric Cochran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
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8
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Wang F, Jiang R, Takahashi K, Gore J, Harris RC, Takahashi T, Quarles CC. Longitudinal assessment of mouse renal injury using high-resolution anatomic and magnetization transfer MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 32:1125-32. [PMID: 25093632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of high-resolution non-invasive endogenous high-field MRI methods for the longitudinal structural and quantitative assessments of mouse kidney disease using the model of unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO). T1-weighted, T2-weighted and magnetization transfer (MT) imaging protocols were optimized to improve the regional contrast in mouse kidney. Conventional T1 and T2 weighted images were collected in UUO mice on day 0 (~3h), day 1, day 3 and day 6 after injury, on a 7 T small animal MRI system. Cortical and medullary thickness, corticomedullary contrast and Magnetization Transfer Ratio (MTR) were assessed longitudinally. Masson trichrome staining was used to histologically assess changes in tissue microstructure. Over the course of UUO progression there were significant (p<0.05) changes in thickness of cortex and outer medulla, and regional changes in T2 signal intensity and MTR values. Histological changes included tubular cell death, tubular dilation, urine retention, and interstitial fibrosis, assessed by histology. The MRI measures of renal cortical and medullary atrophy, cortical-medullary differentiation and MTR changes provide an endogenous, non-invasive and quantitative evaluation of renal morphology and tissue composition during UUO progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science; Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences
| | - Rosie Jiang
- Vanderbilt O'Brien Mouse Kidney Physiology and Disease Center
| | - Keiko Takahashi
- Vanderbilt O'Brien Mouse Kidney Physiology and Disease Center
| | - John Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science; Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences; Biomedical Engineering; Cancer Biology
| | | | - Takamune Takahashi
- Cancer Biology; Vanderbilt O'Brien Mouse Kidney Physiology and Disease Center.
| | - C Chad Quarles
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science; Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences; Biomedical Engineering; Cancer Biology.
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9
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Win-Shwe TT, Sone H, Kurokawa Y, Zeng Y, Zeng Q, Nitta H, Hirano S. Effects of PAMAM dendrimers in the mouse brain after a single intranasal instillation. Toxicol Lett 2014; 228:207-15. [PMID: 24813635 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are highly branched spherical nanomaterials produced for use in diagnostic and therapeutic applications such as a drug delivery system. The toxicological profiles of dendrimers are largely unknown. We investigated the in vivo effects of nasal exposure to polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers on their effects on neurological biomarkers in the mouse brain. A single dose of PAMAM dendrimers (3 or 15μg/mouse) was intranasally administered to 8-week old male BALB/c mice. Twenty-four hours after administration, the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex were collected and potential biomarkers in the blood and brain were examined using blood marker, microarray and real-time RT-PCR analyses. No remarkable changes in standard serum biochemical markers were observed in the blood. A microarray analysis showed the alterations of the genes expression level related to pluripotent network, serotonin-anxiety pathway, TGF-beta receptor signaling, prostaglandin synthesis-regulation, complement-coagulation cascades, and chemokine-signaling pathway and non-odorant GPCR signaling pathways in brain tissues. Brain derived-neurotrophic factor mRNA was up-regulated in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex in mice treated with a high dose of dendrimers. These findings suggest that PAMAM dendrimers may reach the brain via the systemic circulation or an olfactory nerve route after intranasal instillation, and indicate that a single intranasal administration of PAMAM dendrimers may potentially lead to neuronal effects by modulating the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin-Tin Win-Shwe
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hideko Sone
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Yoshika Kurokawa
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yang Zeng
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Qin Zeng
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Seishiro Hirano
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
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10
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Brede C, Labhasetwar V. Applications of nanoparticles in the detection and treatment of kidney diseases. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2013; 20:454-65. [PMID: 24206598 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have emerged in the medical field as a technology well suited for the diagnosis and treatment of various disease states. They have been heralded as efficacious in terms of improved therapeutic efficacy and reduction of treatment side effects in some cases. Various nanomaterials have been developed that can be tagged with targeting moieties as well as with drug delivery and imaging capability or a combination of both as a theranostic agent. These nanomaterials have been investigated for treatment and detection of various pathological conditions. The emphasis of this review is to demonstrate current research and clinical applications for nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases.
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11
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Lesniak WG, Mishra MK, Jyoti A, Balakrishnan B, Zhang F, Nance E, Romero R, Kannan S, Kannan RM. Biodistribution of fluorescently labeled PAMAM dendrimers in neonatal rabbits: effect of neuroinflammation. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4560-71. [PMID: 24116950 DOI: 10.1021/mp400371r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are being explored in many preclinical studies as drug, gene, and imaging agent delivery systems. Understanding their detailed organ, tissue, cellular uptake, and retention can provide valuable insights into their effectiveness as delivery vehicles and the associated toxicity. This work explores a fluorescence-quantification based assay that enables simultaneous quantitative biodistribution and imaging of dendrimers with a single agent. We have labeled an ethylenediamine-core generation-4 hydroxyl-terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer using the fluorescent photostable, near-IR cyanine dye (Cy5) and performed quantitative and qualitative biodistribution of the dendrimer-Cy5 conjugates (D-Cy5) in healthy neonatal rabbits and neonatal rabbits with cerebral palsy (CP). The biodistribution of D-Cy5 and free Cy5 dye was evaluated in newborn rabbits, based on the developed quantification methods using fluorescence spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and supported by microscopic imaging. The uptake was assessed in the brain, heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, blood serum, and urine. Results obtained based on these three independent methods are in good agreement and indicate the fast renal clearance of D-Cy5 and free Cy5 with relatively higher organs accumulation of the D-Cy5 conjugate. Following systemic administration, the D-Cy5 mainly accumulated in kidneys and bladder at 24 h. The quantitative biodistribution is in good agreement with previous studies based on radiolabeling. These methods for dendrimers quantification are easier and more practical, provide excellent sensitivity (reaching 0.1 ng per gram of tissue), and allow for quantification of dendrimers in different organs over longer time periods without concerns for radioactive decay, while also enabling tissue and cellular imaging in the same animal. In kits with fetal-neuroinflammation induced CP, there was a significantly higher uptake of D-Cy5 in the brain, while biodistribution in other organs was similar to that of healthy kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech G Lesniak
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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12
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Longmire MR, Ogawa M, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Dendrimers as high relaxivity MR contrast agents. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 6:155-62. [PMID: 24155241 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are versatile macromolecules with tremendous potential as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Dendrimer-based agents provide distinct advantages over low-molecular-weight gadolinium chelates, including enhanced r1 relaxivity due to slow rotational dynamics, tunable pharmacokinetics that can be adapted for blood pool, liver, kidney, and lymphatic imaging, the ability to be a drug carrier, and flexibility for labeling due to their inherent multivalency. Clinical applications are increasingly being developed, particularly in lymphatic imaging. Herein we present a broad overview of dendrimer-based MRI contrast agents with attention to the unique chemistry and physical properties as well as emerging clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Longmire
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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13
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Bryson J, Reineke JW, Reineke TM. Macromolecular Imaging Agents Containing Lanthanides: Can Conceptual Promise Lead to Clinical Potential? Macromolecules 2012; 45:8939-8952. [PMID: 23467737 DOI: 10.1021/ma301568u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are increasingly being used to improve the resolution of this noninvasive diagnostic technique. All clinically-approved T1 contrast agents are small molecule chelates of gadolinium [Gd(III)] that affect bound water proton relaxivity. Both the small size and monomeric nature of these agents ultimately limits the image resolution enhancement that can be achieved for both contrast enhancement and pharmacokinetic/biodistribution reasons. The multimeric nature of macromolecules, such as polymers, dendrimers, and noncovalent complexes of small molecule agents with proteins, have been shown to significantly increase the image contrast and resolution due to their large size and ability to incorporate multiple Gd(III) chlelation sites. Also, macromolecular agents are advantageous as they have the ability to be designed to be nontoxic, hydrophilic, easily purified, aggregation-resistant, and have controllable three-dimensional macromolecular structure housing the multiple lanthanide chelation sites. For these reasons, large molecule diagnostics have the ability to significantly increase the relaxivity of water protons within the targeted tissues and thus the image resolution for many diagnostic applications. The FDA approval of a contrast agent that consists of a reversible, non-covalent coupling of a small Gd(III) chelate with serum albumin for blood pool imaging (marketed under the trade names of Vasovist and Ablivar) proved to be one of the first diagnostic agent to capitalize on these benefits from macromolecular association in humans. However, much research and development is necessary to optimize the safety of these unique agents for in vivo use and potential clinical development. To this end, recent work in the field of polymer, dendrimer, and noncovalent complex-based imaging agents are reviewed herein and the future outlook of this field is discussed.
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Kunzmann A, Andersson B, Thurnherr T, Krug H, Scheynius A, Fadeel B. Toxicology of engineered nanomaterials: Focus on biocompatibility, biodistribution and biodegradation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:361-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Sadekar S, Ray A, Janàt-Amsbury M, Peterson CM, Ghandehari H. Comparative biodistribution of PAMAM dendrimers and HPMA copolymers in ovarian-tumor-bearing mice. Biomacromolecules 2010; 12:88-96. [PMID: 21128624 DOI: 10.1021/bm101046d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The biodistribution profile of a series of linear N-(2-hydroxylpropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers was compared with that of branched poly(amido amine) dendrimers containing surface hydroxyl groups (PAMAM-OH) in orthotopic ovarian-tumor-bearing mice. Below an average molecular weight (MW) of 29 kDa, the HPMA copolymers were smaller than the PAMAM-OH dendrimers of comparable molecular weight. In addition to molecular weight, hydrodynamic size and polymer architecture affected the biodistribution of these constructs. Biodistribution studies were performed by dosing mice with (125)iodine-labeled polymers and collecting all major organ systems, carcass, and excreta at defined time points. Radiolabeled polymers were detected in organ systems by measuring gamma emission of the (125)iodine radiolabel. The hyperbranched PAMAM dendrimer, hydroxyl-terminated, generation 5 (G5.0-OH), was retained in the kidney over 1 week, whereas the linear HPMA copolymer of comparable molecular weight was excreted into the urine and did not show persistent renal accumulation. PAMAM dendrimer, hydroxyl-terminated, generation 6.0 (G6.0-OH), was taken up by the liver to a higher extent, whereas the HPMA copolymer of comparable molecular weight was observed to have a plasma exposure three times that of this dendrimer. Tumor accumulation and plasma exposure were correlated with the hydrodynamic sizes of the polymers. PAMAM dendrimer, hydroxyl-terminated, generation 7.0 (G7.0-OH), showed extended plasma circulation, enhanced tumor accumulation, and prolonged retention with the highest tumor/blood ratio for the polymers under study. Head-to-head comparative study of HPMA copolymers and PAMAM dendrimers can guide the rational design and development of carriers based on these systems for the delivery of bioactive and imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sadekar
- Departments of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
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Mukherjee SP, Lyng FM, Garcia A, Davoren M, Byrne HJ. Mechanistic studies of in vitro cytotoxicity of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers in mammalian cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 248:259-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mukherjee SP, Davoren M, Byrne HJ. In vitro mammalian cytotoxicological study of PAMAM dendrimers – Towards quantitative structure activity relationships. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:169-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lalwani S, Chouai A, Perez LM, Santiago V, Shaunak S, Simanek EE. Mimicking PAMAM Dendrimers with Ampholytic, Hybrid Triazine Dendrimers: A Comparison of Dispersity and Stability. Macromolecules 2009; 42:6723-3732. [PMID: 20711424 PMCID: PMC2920617 DOI: 10.1021/ma9011818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two strategies are applied to mimic the ampholytic nature of the surfaces of half-generation PAMAM dendrimers and yet retain the very narrow dispersity inherent of triazine dendrimers. Both strategies start with a monodisperse, single-chemical entity, generation two triazine dendrimer presenting twelve surface amines that is available at the kilogram scale. The first method relies on reaction with methyl bromoacetate. Complete conversion of the surface primary amines to tertiary amines occurs to provide 24 surface esters. Extended reaction times lead to quarternization of the amines while other unidentified species are also present. The resulting polyester can be quantitatively hydrolyzed using 4M aqueous HCl to yield a dendrimer with 12 tertiary amines and 24 carboxylic acids about a hydrophobic triazine core. The second method utilizes Michael additions of methyl acrylate to yield 24 surface esters. This reaction proceeds more rapidly and more cleanly than the former strategy. Hydrolysis of this material proceeds quantitatively using 4M aqueous HCl to yield desired dendrimer. In both cases, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry provides compelling evidence of reaction progress. Electrophoretic analysis confirms the ampholytic nature of these materials with the former targets having a pI value in the 1.8 < pI < 3.4 range, and the latter having a pI value in the 4.7 < pI < 5.9. These ranges bookend the pH range within which PAMAM dendrimers become zwitterionic, 3.4 < pI < 4.7. The strategy of using monodisperse amine-terminated dendrimer constructs as core offers significant advantage over PAMAM homopolymers including dispersity, ease of characterization and batch-to-batch reproducibility. These triazine dendrimers could ultimately be adopted into materials with applications wherein the demands of purity have hitherto remained unsatisfied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdellatif Chouai
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA, and Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK
| | - Lisa M. Perez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA, and Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK
| | - Vanessa Santiago
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA, and Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK
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Wang H, Chen X. Applications for site-directed molecular imaging agents coupled with drug delivery potential. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:745-68. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240902889751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Negishi K, Noiri E, Doi K, Maeda-Mamiya R, Sugaya T, Portilla D, Fujita T. Monitoring of urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein predicts histological severity of acute kidney injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:1154-9. [PMID: 19264903 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate whether levels of urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) could be used to monitor histological injury in acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by cis-platinum (CP) injection and ischemia reperfusion (IR). Different degrees of AKI severity were induced by several renal insults (CP dose and ischemia time) in human L-FABP transgenic mice. Renal histological injury scores increased with both CP dose and ischemic time. In CP-induced AKI, urinary L-FABP levels increased exponentially even in the lowest dose group as early as 2 hours, whereas blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels increased at 48 hours. In IR-induced AKI, BUN levels increased only in the 30-minute ischemia group 24 hours after reperfusion; however, urinary L-FABP levels increased more than 100-fold, even in the 5-minute ischemia group after 1 hour. In both AKI models, urinary L-FABP levels showed a better correlation with final histological injury scores and glomerular filtration rates measured by fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled inulin injection than with levels of BUN and urinary N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, especially at earlier time points. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that urinary L-FABP was superior to other biomarkers for the detection of significant histological injuries and functional declines. In conclusion, urinary L-FABP levels are better suited to allow the accurate and earlier detection of both histological and functional insults in ischemic and nephrotoxin-induced AKI compared with conventional renal markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Negishi
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan 113-8655
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Klutz AM, Gao ZG, Lloyd J, Shainberg A, Jacobson KA. Enhanced A3 adenosine receptor selectivity of multivalent nucleoside-dendrimer conjugates. J Nanobiotechnology 2008; 6:12. [PMID: 18947419 PMCID: PMC2582240 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-6-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An approach to use multivalent dendrimer carriers for delivery of nucleoside signaling molecules to their cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) was recently introduced. Results A known adenosine receptor (AR) agonist was conjugated to polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer carriers for delivery of the intact covalent conjugate to on the cell surface. Depending on the linking moiety, multivalent conjugates of the N6-chain elongated functionalized congener ADAC (N6-[4-[[[4-[[[(2-aminoethyl)amino]carbonyl]methyl]anilino]carbonyl]methyl]phenyl]-adenosine) achieved unanticipated high selectivity in binding to the cytoprotective human A3 AR, a class A GPCR. The key to this selectivity of > 100-fold in both radioreceptor binding (Ki app = 2.4 nM) and functional assays (EC50 = 1.6 nM in inhibition of adenylate cyclase) was maintaining a free amino group (secondary) in an amide-linked chain. Attachment of neutral amide-linked chains or thiourea-containing chains preserved the moderate affinity and efficacy at the A1 AR subtype, but there was no selectivity for the A3 AR. Since residual amino groups on dendrimers are associated with cytotoxicity, the unreacted terminal positions of this A3 AR-selective G2.5 dendrimer were present as carboxylate groups, which had the further benefit of increasing water-solubility. The A3 AR selective G2.5 dendrimer was also visualized binding the membrane of cells expressing the A3 receptor but did not bind cells that did not express the receptor. Conclusion This is the first example showing that it is feasible to modulate and even enhance the pharmacological profile of a ligand of a GPCR based on conjugation to a nanocarrier and the precise structure of the linking group, which was designed to interact with distal extracellular regions of the 7 transmembrane-spanning receptor. This ligand tool can now be used in pharmacological models of tissue rescue from ischemia and to probe the existence of A3 AR dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena M Klutz
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Roberts BP, Scanlon MJ, Krippner GY, Chalmers DK. The Dotted Cap Notation: A concise notation for describing variegated dendrimers. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b800724a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Beckmann N, Kneuer R, Gremlich HU, Karmouty-Quintana H, Blé FX, Müller M. In vivo mouse imaging and spectroscopy in drug discovery. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2007; 20:154-85. [PMID: 17451175 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Imaging modalities such as micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), micro-positron emission tomography (micro-PET), high-resolution MRI, optical imaging, and high-resolution ultrasound have become invaluable tools in preclinical pharmaceutical research. They can be used to non-invasively investigate, in vivo, rodent biology and metabolism, disease models, and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. The advantages and limitations of each approach usually determine its application, and therefore a small-rodent imaging laboratory in a pharmaceutical environment should ideally provide access to several techniques. In this paper we aim to illustrate how these techniques may be used to obtain meaningful information for the phenotyping of transgenic mice and for the analysis of compounds in murine models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolau Beckmann
- Discovery Technologies, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Lichtstrasse 35, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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