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Zhang S, Geng J, Shan F, Shan Y, Griffin N, Wu B, Wang X. Methionine enkephalin suppresses lung cancer metastasis by regulating the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and the distribution of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110064. [PMID: 36989897 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the most difficult challenges for clinical lung cancer treatment. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the crucial step of tumor metastasis. Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), promote cancer cell EMT. In this study, we explored the effect of methionine enkephalin (MENK) on the EMT process in vitro and in vivo, and its influence on TAMs, MDSCs, and associated cytokines in vivo. The results showed that MENK suppressed growth, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells and inhibited the EMT process by interacting with opioid growth factor receptor. MENK reduced the number of M2 macrophages and MDSC infiltration, and downregulated the expression of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 in both primary and metastatic tumors of nude mice. The present findings suggest that MENK is a potential target for suppressing metastasis in lung cancer treatment.
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A Comparison of the Anesthetic Methods for Recurrence Rates of Bladder Cancer after Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors Using National Health Insurance Claims Data of South Korea. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11041143. [PMID: 35207416 PMCID: PMC8878593 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancers have high recurrence rates and are usually removed via transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Recently, some reports showed that the anesthetic method may affect the recurrence rates of bladder cancers. The purpose of this population-based study was to compare the effect of anesthetic methods with the recurrence rates of bladder cancers in South Korea. A total of 4439 patients were reviewed retrospectively using the data of the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) claims database from January 2007 to December 2011. Patients were divided into 2 groups who received general (n = 3767) and regional anesthesia (n = 582), and were followed up until September 2017. Propensity score matching was conducted to reduce the effect of confounding factors. After using propensity score matching with a multivariable Cox regression model, age (p < 0.001), sex (p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.003), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.001), and renal disease (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with bladder cancer recurrence. However, there were no significant differences in the recurrence rates of bladder cancers in patients who received general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia for TURBTs. This study revealed that there is no relationship between the anesthetic method and bladder cancer recurrence. Either general anesthesia or regional anesthesia can be used depending on the situation in patients receiving TURBT. Future prospective studies are warranted to confirm the association between the anesthetic method and the recurrence rates of bladder cancer.
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Zhang S, Liu N, Ma M, Huang H, Handley M, Bai X, Shan F. Methionine enkephalin (MENK) suppresses lung cancer by regulating the Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 signaling pathway and enhancing natural killer cell-driven tumor immunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107837. [PMID: 34116288 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how methionine enkephalin (MENK) regulates the biological behavior of lung cancer cells and to further explore its anti-lung cancer mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that MENK enhanced the expression of opioid receptor (OGFr) and induced apoptosis of lung cancer cells by activating the Bcl-1/Bax/caspase-3 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. However, the regulatory effects of MENK disappeared after blockade of the OGFr. This confirmed that a prerequisite for the anti-tumor action of MENK is binding to OGFr. Additionally, we observed that MENK treatment enhanced the immunogenicity of lung cancer by enhancing the exposure of calreticulin and high mobility group box 1, and increasing the expression of NKG2D ligands. Further studies showed that MENK treatment increased the expression of natural killer (NK) cell-related cytokines such as granzyme B and interferon-γ and NK cell activation. Thus, we concluded that MENK might inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells by activating the Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 signaling pathway and enhancing immunogenicity and NK cell-driven tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Mingxing Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, the People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mike Handley
- Cytocom lnc, 3001 Aloma Ave., Winter Park, FL 32792, USA
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Fengping Shan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Azzoni L, Metzger D, Montaner LJ. Effect of Opioid Use on Immune Activation and HIV Persistence on ART. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:643-657. [PMID: 32974750 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09959-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While there is an emerging consensus that engagement of the Mu opioid receptor by opioids may modulate various stages the HIV life cycle (e.g.: increasing cell susceptibility to infection, promoting viral transcription, and depressing immune responses to virally-infected cells), the overall effect on latency and viral reservoirs remains unclear. Importantly, the hypothesis that the increase in immune activation observed in chronic opioid users by direct or indirect mechanisms (i.e., microbial translocation) would lead to a larger HIV reservoir after ART-suppression has not been supported to date. The potential for a subsequent decrease in reservoirs after ART-suppression has been postulated and is supported by early reports of opioid users having lower latent HIV burden. Here, we review experimental data supporting the link between opioid use and HIV modulation, as well as the scientific premise for expecting differential changes in immune activation and HIV reservoir between different medications for opioid use disorder. A better understanding of potential changes in HIV reservoirs relative to the engagement of the Mu opioid receptor and ART-mediated immune reconstitution will help guide future cure-directed studies in persons living with HIV and opioid use disorder. Graphical Abstract Review. HIV replication, immune activation and dysbiosis: opioids may affect immune reconstitution outcomes despite viral suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Azzoni
- HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Metzger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street, Suite 4100, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Luis J Montaner
- HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Tuo Y, Tian C, Lu L, Xiang M. The paradoxical role of methionine enkephalin in tumor responses. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173253. [PMID: 32535097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Methionine enkephalin (MENK) is an opioid peptide composed of five amino acids with multiple biological activities. Since its discovery, MENK has become prominent in neuroregulation and immunoregulation. Tumors have increasingly been a spotlight because of their terrible trends and refractory characteristic. The therapeutic potential of MENK was investigated on a large scale, and there are numerous evidences that MENK exerts anti-tumor effects via two mechanisms. The first mechanism explains the enhanced anti-tumor immune effects of MENK. The second mechanism shows that MENK directly inhibits tumor cell proliferation. However, numerous reports have clarified the pro-tumor role of MENK by inhibiting T and B cell proliferation, promoting tumor cell growth by binding to opioid receptors, leading to desensitization of lymphocytes, and inducing tolerance. It is particularly intriguing that dual reactions are triggered when MENK combines with its opioid receptors; thus, anti-tumor response of the whole body is influenced. This review will expound the dual roles of MENK in tumor responses based on immune cells, cytokines, and tumor cells to provide better suggestions for its application in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Tuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Cheng Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lili Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Spinal Anesthesia is Associated with Lower Recurrence Rates after Resection of Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. J Urol 2018; 199:940-946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hou W, Li H, Jiang W, Zhang C, McNutt MA, Li G. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Impacts MicroRNA-16 Mediated Post-Transcriptional Regulation of mu Opioid Receptor in CEM ×174 Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:84-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Michael A McNutt
- Department of Pathology; Peking University Health Science Center; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
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Compton P, Griffis C, Breen EC, Torrington M, Sadakane R, Tefera E, Irwin MR. Opioid treatment of experimental pain activates nuclear factor-κB. J Opioid Manag 2015; 11:115-25. [PMID: 25901477 DOI: 10.5055/jom.2015.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the independent and combined effects of pain and opioids on the activation of an early marker of inflammation, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). DESIGN NF-κB activation was compared within-subjects following four randomly ordered experimental sessions of opioid-only (intravenous fentanyl 1 μg/kg), painonly (cold-pressor), opioid + pain, and a resting condition. SETTING University General Clinical Research Center. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-one (11 female) healthy controls. INTERVENTIONS Following exposure to treatment (fentanyl administration and/or cold-pressor pain), blood samples for NF-κB analysis were obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intracellular levels of activated NF-κB, in unstimulated and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells at 15 and 30 minutes. RESULTS Neither pain nor opioid administration alone effected NF-κB levels in cell populations; however, the combination of treatments induced significant increases of NF-κB in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell, lymphocytes, and monocytes. CONCLUSIONS The combination of acute pain with opioids, as occurs in clinical situations, activates a key transcription factor involved in proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Compton
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Charles Griffis
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elizabeth Crabb Breen
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew Torrington
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ryan Sadakane
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eshetu Tefera
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, MedStar Health Research Institute, Columbia, Maryland
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Cassinello F, Prieto I, del Olmo M, Rivas S, Strichartz GR. Cancer surgery: how may anesthesia influence outcome? J Clin Anesth 2015; 27:262-72. [PMID: 25769963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the published literature regarding the effects of anesthesia on cancer surgery to prevent tumor cell proliferation/migration or induce apoptosis. BACKGROUND Surgery is the main treatment for potentially curable solid tumors, but most cancer-related deaths in patients who have received previous surgical treatment are caused by metastatic disease. There is increasing evidence that anesthetic technique has the potential to affect long-term outcome after cancer surgery. METHODS This work reviews the English published literature that was obtained by performing a search of the PubMed database up to January 2014. We selected articles that provided evidence or reviewed the possible actions of anesthetics on cancer cells or the influence of anesthesia in recurrence/outcome. RESULTS Inhaled anesthetics induce immunosuppression and activate inflammatory cascade activation, whereas propofol has a protective action. Opioids might promote cancer recurrence and metastasis. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that local anesthetics inhibit proliferation and migration of cancer cells and induce apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Anesthesiologists should follow current best clinical practice and include all strategies that effectively decrease pain and attenuate stress. Regional anesthesia and multimodal analgesia, adding anti-inflammatory drugs, play an unquestionable role in the control of perioperative pain and may improve recurrence-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Prieto
- IDC-Salud Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes del Olmo
- IDC-Salud Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Rivas
- IDC-Salud Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary R Strichartz
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesia. Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
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Sánchez-Pedrosa G, Garutti I, Moraga FJG, Orozco HD. [Perioperative tumour dissemination. 2. Effects of anaesthesia and analgesia]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 59:267-75. [PMID: 22657352 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There has been growing concern over the last few years on the effect that the anaesthetic drugs used during oncological surgery could have on long-term tumour progression. In laboratory studies, it has been observed how some substances used during the anaesthetic procedure influence tumour immunosurveillance, cell proliferation or tumour angiogenesis processes. The possible clinical relevance of the anaesthetic technique used as regards long-term tumour progression and survival is still to be determined. However, based on retrospective studies, it appears that those anaesthetic techniques combined with the use of regional anaesthesia and analgesia may be beneficial compared to those that are maintained on the use of opioids. Further research should help to clarify the long-term clinical relevance of the anaesthetic process during oncological surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sánchez-Pedrosa
- Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
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Gabrilovac J, Čupić B, Zapletal E, Brozovic A. IFN-γ up-regulates kappa opioid receptors (KOR) on murine macrophage cell line J774. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 245:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Daijo H, Kai S, Tanaka T, Wakamatsu T, Kishimoto S, Suzuki K, Harada H, Takabuchi S, Adachi T, Fukuda K, Hirota K. Fentanyl activates hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells and mice under non-hypoxic conditions in a μ-opioid receptor-dependent manner. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 667:144-52. [PMID: 21703258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is the main transcription factor responsible for hypoxia-induced gene expression. Perioperative drugs including anesthetics have been reported to affect HIF-1 activity. However, the effect of fentanyl on HIF-1 activity is not well documented. In this study, we investigated the effect of fentanyl and other opioids on HIF-1 activity in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, hepatoma Hep3B cells, lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and mice. Cells were exposed to fentanyl, and HIF-1 protein expression was examined by Western blot analysis using anti-HIF-1α and β antibodies. HIF-1-dependent gene expression was investigated by semi-quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR (qRT-PCR) and luciferase assay. Furthermore, fentanyl was administered intraperitoneally and HIF-1-dependent gene expression was investigated by qRT-PCR in the brains and kidneys of mice. A 10-μM concentration of fentanyl and other opioids, including 1 μM morphine and 4 μM remifentanil, induced HIF-1α protein expression and HIF-1 target gene expression in an opioid receptor-dependent manner in SH-SY5Y cells with activity peaking at 24h. Fentanyl did not augment HIF-1α expression during hypoxia-induced induction. HIF-1α stabilization assays and experiments with cycloheximide revealed that fentanyl increased translation from HIF-1α mRNA but did not stabilize the HIF-1α protein. Furthermore, fentanyl induced HIF-1 target gene expression in the brains of mice but not in their kidneys in a naloxone-sensitive manner. In this report, we describe for the first time that fentanyl, both in vitro and in vivo, induces HIF-1 activation under non-hypoxic conditions, leading to increases in expression of genes associated with adaptation to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Daijo
- Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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Singh R, Rai U. Kappa-opioid receptor-mediated modulation of innate immune response by dynorphin in teleost Channa punctatus. Peptides 2010; 31:973-8. [PMID: 20132853 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory role of endogenous opioid peptides released during stress has been extensively studied in mammals, but least explored in lower vertebrates. The present in vitro study for the first time reports the specific opioid receptor-mediated immunomodulatory role of dynorphin-A((1-17)) in ectotherms. Dynorphin-A((1-17)) had pleiotropic effects on phagocyte functions, stimulatory on phagocytosis and superoxide production while inhibitory on the nitrite release. However, the effect of dynorphin-A((1-17)), whether stimulatory or inhibitory, markedly declined at high (10(-5)M) concentration. Dynorphin-A((1-17)) seems to mediate its action through opioid receptors since non-selective opioid receptor antagonist, naltrexone, completely blocked the effect of dynorphin-A((1-17)) on phagocytosis, superoxide production and nitrite release. Moreover, among specific opioid receptors antagonists, only selective kappa (kappa)-opioid receptor antagonist norbinaltorphimine was capable to antagonize the pleiotropic effects on phagocyte functions. The present study provides the direct evidence of immunomodulatory role of dynorphin-A((1-17)) via kappa-opioid receptor in freshwater teleost Channa punctatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Chattra Marg, North Campus, Delhi 110007, India
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15
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Role of preoptic opioid receptors in the body temperature reduction during hypoxia. Brain Res 2009; 1286:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Ohmori H, Fujii K, Sasahira T, Luo Y, Isobe M, Tatsumoto N, Kuniyasu H. Methionine-enkephalin secreted by human colorectal cancer cells suppresses T lymphocytes. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:497-502. [PMID: 19141128 PMCID: PMC11158717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.01073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of methionine-enkephalin (MENK) as an immunomodulator in colorectal carcinomas (CRC) was examined. MENK was produced in CT26, IEC6A, Colo320, and HT29 CRC cell lines but not in IEC6 intestinal cells. MENK secretion was associated with tumorigenicity and metastasis of CRC cells in syngeneic rodent models. The MENK concentration in subcutaneous tumors of CT26 and IEC6A CRC cells exhibited an inverse correlation with the number of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. MENK inhibited the growth of MOLT-4 T-lymphoblastic cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it increased the phosphorylation level of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and induced apoptosis in MOLT-4 cells. MENK-induced apoptosis was abrogated by a c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed moderate to strong expression of MENK in 33 (54%) of 61 CRC. MENK expression was associated with Dukes' staging, nodal metastasis, and liver metastasis. The MENK concentration in tumor tissues was higher in Dukes' C cases than in Dukes' B cases. MENK expression was associated with tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes, especially those belonging to the CD4(+) subset. These findings suggest that MENK secreted by CRC cells caused escape of the host from the effects of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Cloning of opioid receptors in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and their involvement in regulation of stress and immune response. Brain Behav Immun 2009; 23:257-66. [PMID: 18977430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals opiate alkaloids and endogenous opioid peptides exert their physiological and pharmacological actions through opioid receptors (MOR, DOR and KOR) expressed not only on neuroendocrine cells but also on leukocytes. Therefore, opioids can modulate the immune response. We cloned and sequenced all three classical opioid receptors (MOR, DOR and KOR) in common carp, and studied changes in their expression during stress and immune responses. Messenger RNA of opioid receptors was constitutively expressed in brain areas, specially in the preoptic nucleus NPO (homologous to mammalian hypothalamus). After exposure to prolonged restraint stress, mRNA levels of MOR and DOR decreased in the NPO and in the head kidney. Increased expression of all studied opioid receptors was observed in the pituitary pars distalis (containing ACTH-producing cells). In immune organs, constitutive but lower expression of opioid receptor genes was observed. During in vivo zymosan-induced peritonitis or after in vitro LPS-induced stimulation, when pro-inflammatory functions are activated, expression of the OR genes in leukocytes was concomitantly up-regulated. Additionally, specific agonists of opioid receptors especially reduced leukocyte migratory properties, manifested by reduced chemotaxis and down-regulated expression of chemokine receptors. Our data indicate an evolutionary conserved role for the opioid system in maintaining a dynamic equilibrium while coping with stress and/or infection.
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Husain S, Potter DE. The opioidergic system: potential roles and therapeutic indications in the eye. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2008; 24:117-40. [PMID: 18355128 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2007.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Husain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Hewitt Laboratory of the Ola B Williams Glaucoma Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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