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Tsuge M, Uda K, Eitoku T, Matsumoto N, Yorifuji T, Tsukahara H. Roles of Oxidative Injury and Nitric Oxide System Derangements in Kawasaki Disease Pathogenesis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15450. [PMID: 37895129 PMCID: PMC10607378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile vasculitis that occurs mostly in children younger than five years. KD involves multiple intricately connected inflammatory reactions activated by a cytokine cascade. Despite therapeutic advances, coronary artery damage may develop in some patients, who will be at risk of clinical cardiovascular events and even sudden death. The etiology of KD remains unclear; however, it may involve both genetic and environmental factors leading to aberrant inflammatory responses. Given the young age of onset, prenatal or perinatal exposure may be etiologically relevant. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, a post-infectious hyper-inflammatory disorder associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has features that overlap with those of KD. Available evidence indicates that vascular endothelial dysfunction is a critical step in the sequence of events leading to the development of cardiovascular lesions in KD. Oxidative stress and the dysregulation of the nitric oxide (NO) system contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory responses related to this disease. This review provides current evidence and concepts highlighting the adverse effects of oxidative injury and NO system derangements on the initiation and progression of KD and potential therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular pathologies in affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Tsuge
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.U.); (H.T.)
| | - Kazuhiro Uda
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.U.); (H.T.)
| | - Takahiro Eitoku
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan;
| | - Naomi Matsumoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (N.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Takashi Yorifuji
- Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (N.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Hirokazu Tsukahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.U.); (H.T.)
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Li S, Wang Q, Tan X, Wang L, Gong J, Zhang J, Wang W, Liu J. Effect of neonatal and adult sepsis on inflammation-related diseases in multiple physiological systems: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1215751. [PMID: 37547313 PMCID: PMC10400313 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1215751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term impact of sepsis on whole body systems is not well investigated. The aim of the study was to explore the potential association of neonatal/adult sepsis with several inflammation-related diseases in multiple physiological systems. Methods Instrumental variables for neonatal and adult sepsis were collected from the public genome-wide association studies, which must satisfy the correlation, exclusivity and independence assumptions. Mendelian randomization methods (including random-effect inverse-variance weighted, MR-PRESSO, weighted median and MR-Egger) were used to determine the genetic association of neonatal/adult sepsis with asthma, allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, body mass index/obesity, type 1/type 2 diabetes and intelligence/dementia. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. The study was performed by TwoSampleMR in R software. Results The inverse-variance weighted method reported that neonatal sepsis was related to the decreased level of body mass index (OR = 0.988, 95%CI = 0.980 ~ 0.997, P = 0.007), and adult sepsis was related to the decreased risk of obesity (OR = 0.785, 95%CI = 0.655 ~ 0.940, P = 0.009). These results were supported by the other Mendelian randomization methods. In addition, the study did not find any association of neonatal/adult sepsis with the other inflammation-related diseases. No heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were found using sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Sepsis had the potential to reduce the risk of obesity or body mass index level at a genetic level, both in neonates and in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Li
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Gong
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiangling Liu
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Neonatal sepsis and Kawasaki disease. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:2927-2933. [PMID: 35570222 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between neonatal sepsis and future development of Kawasaki disease (KD). We analyzed data from the National Hospital Organization Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NHO-NICU) registry study in Japan. Participants in this study were children with a history of hospitalization in the NICU at the participating institutions from 2010 to 2014. A questionnaire was administered at age 3 years to obtain information about the patient's history of KD. There were 8275 infants who were eligible for this study. At 3 years of age, parents of 2161 children responded to the follow-up survey (follow-up rate, 26.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for preterm birth, sex, use of antibiotics in the NICU, parity, and maternal smoking showed that children with neonatal sepsis were more likely to have a history of KD at 3 years of age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 11.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.84-47.96). CONCLUSIONS Among infants admitted to the NICU, neonatal sepsis might be associated with development of KD later in life. Further large studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between neonatal infections and KD development. WHAT IS KNOWN • Preterm birth is known to be a risk factor for Kawasaki disease. •It is not yet known which factors related to preterm birth increase the risk of developing Kawasaki disease. WHAT IS NEW •Neonatal sepsis is associated with an increased risk of subsequent development of Kawasaki disease. •Antibiotic use in the neonatal intensive care unit may also be an independent risk factor for subsequent development of Kawasaki disease.
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Wang T, Chen D, Wang P, Xu Z, Li Y. miR-375 prevents nasal mucosa cells from apoptosis and ameliorates allergic rhinitis via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:621-627. [PMID: 29677549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the roles, and related mechanisms of miR-375 in nasal mucosa cells apoptosis and allergic rhinitis. Here, miR-375 was found to be decreased in the epithelia of nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis mice and TNF-α-stimulated nasal mucosa cells, while JAK2 expression exhibited an opposite effect. Mechanistically, miR-375/JAK2 regulatory axis was identified in nasal mucosa cells via luciferase reporter, qRT-PCR, western blot and RNA immune co-precipitation (RIP) assays. Pre- or post-injection of miR-375 agomir following ovalbumin (OVA) treatment attenuated OVA-induced allergic rhinitis, characterized as the downregulation of IL-6 and TNF-α secretion, and upregulation of IL-10 secretion, these effects were attenuated by infection with JAK2 adenovirus through nasal cavity inhalation. Additionally, overexpression of miR-375 reversed TNF-α-mediated nasal mucosa cells apoptosis, which was attenuated by JAK2 overexpression. Therefore, our results indicate that miR-375 prevents nasal mucosa cells from apoptosis and ameliorates allergic rhinitis via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Ear Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639th on Huangpu district manufacturing bureau road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Ear Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639th on Huangpu district manufacturing bureau road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Peihua Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Ear Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639th on Huangpu district manufacturing bureau road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Zhou Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Ear Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639th on Huangpu district manufacturing bureau road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Ear Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639th on Huangpu district manufacturing bureau road, Shanghai, 200011, China
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Park SS, Heo EY, Kim DK, Chung HS, Lee CH. The Association of BCG Vaccination with Atopy and Asthma in Adults. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:668-73. [PMID: 26283887 PMCID: PMC4532975 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are few studies investigating the association between BCG vaccination and atopy or asthma in adults. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between BCG scar and the occurrence of atopy and asthma in Korean adults. METHODS We carried out a retrospective study of Korean adults who underwent skin prick testing, and, in some cases, spirometry and bronchial provocation tests in a secondary care hospital from April 2010 to February 2011. Atopy status was classified according to allergen/histamine (A/H) ratio of wheal (A/H ratio ≥ 1, atopy; 0 < A/H ratio < 1, intermediate; A/H ratio = 0, non-atopy). A patient with asthma was defined as one who has symptoms compatible with asthma and showed either a positive provocation testing or bronchodilator reversibility. RESULTS Among 200 participants, neither the presence (intermediate vs. non-atopy: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.83; 95% CI 0.26, 2.60; p = 0.75, atopy vs. non-atopy: aOR 0.89; 95% CI 0.33, 2.37; p = 0.81, respectively). nor the size of BCG scar was significantly associated with atopy status. However, among those patients who underwent either bronchodilator response testing or bronchial provocation testing, the presence of BCG scar (aOR 0.33; CI 0.14, 0.77; p = 0.01) and the size of BCG scar were inversely associated with asthma. (p = 0.01) CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant association between BCG scar and asthmatic status in Korean adults, although there was no significant association between either the presence or size of BCG scar and atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soo Park
- 1. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Heo
- 1. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog Kyeom Kim
- 1. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Chung
- 1. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- 1. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical center, Seoul, Republic of Korea ; 2. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bakhuizen SE, de Haan TR, Teune MJ, van Wassenaer-Leemhuis AG, van der Heyden JL, van der Ham DP, Mol BWJ. Meta-analysis shows that infants who have suffered neonatal sepsis face an increased risk of mortality and severe complications. Acta Paediatr 2014; 103:1211-8. [PMID: 25073543 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Infants suffering from neonatal sepsis face an increased risk of early death and long-term neurodevelopmental delay. This paper analyses and summarises the existing data on short-term and long-term outcomes of neonatal sepsis, based on 12 studies published between January 2000 and 1 April 2012 and covering 3669 neonates with sepsis. CONCLUSION Infants who have suffered neonatal sepsis face an increased risk of mortality and severe complications such as brain damage and, or, neurodevelopmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine E. Bakhuizen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Timo R. de Haan
- Department of Neonatology; Emma Children's Hospital; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Margreet J. Teune
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | | | - David P. van der Ham
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; Martini Hospital Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben Willem J. Mol
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; The Robinson Institute; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
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Saia RS, Bertozi G, Cunha FQ, Cárnio EC. Estradiol and thermoregulation in adult endotoxemic rats exposed to lipopolysaccharide in neonatal life. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 203:429-39. [PMID: 21692993 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Early life immune challenge has been considered an adaptive defense strategy against potential pathogens when the innate immune system is not completely developed. This study assesses whether neonatal endotoxin challenge alters body temperature response in adult female rats during endotoxemic shock and also, whether ovarian hormones may participate in this response. METHODS Rats were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysacharide (LPS) or saline at post-natal day 14, then as adults they were submitted to endotoxemic shock. RESULTS The LPS injection in adult neonatal Saline rats caused an initial hypothermia, followed by a febrile response. However, neonatal LPS showed an increased hypothermic response and an attenuation of fever. The bilateral ovariectomy abolished the difference in body temperature between the neonatal LPS and saline rats. To determine the dependence of ovarian hormones, ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol cypionate (ECP) restored hypothermia and the suppressed febrile response. However, the same results were not obtained when the animals were supplemented with ECP and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). The neonatal LPS rats displayed a significant reduction in TNF-α levels and an increase in IL-10 levels when compared with saline animals. The ECP injection significantly enhanced IL-10 and suppressed TNF-α in neonatal LPS, but it did not change the inflammatory response in the saline rats. The ECP + MPA regiment in the neonatal LPS rats reduced TNF-α, but eliminated IL-10 stimulation in comparison with the saline group. CONCLUSION The present investigation shows that neonatal LPS challenge alters the thermoregulatory response during endotoxemic shock in adulthood and the mechanism for this difference could be mediated by sex hormones, especially estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Saia
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Sobko T, Schiött J, Ehlin A, Lundberg J, Montgomery S, Norman M. Neonatal sepsis, antibiotic therapy and later risk of asthma and allergy. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2010; 24:88-92. [PMID: 20078834 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis and early antibiotic therapy affect bacterial colonisation and immune activation after birth. This could have implications for later risk of allergy and asthma. Using a validated questionnaire (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children, ISAAC), we screened for asthma and allergy in three cohorts (total n = 834; median age 12, range 7-23 years) with different perinatal exposures as regards infection and antibiotics. Asthma, but not hay fever, was more prevalent after neonatal sepsis with adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04, 2.56] and early antibiotic therapy (OR 1.48 [0.93, 2.35]) as compared with a control group. There was a trend towards increased atopic eczema after neonatal sepsis (OR = 1.39 [CI = 0.98, 1.98]). We conclude that neonatal sepsis is associated with an increased risk for later development of asthma. Early antibiotic exposure may contribute to this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Sobko
- Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Cetinkaya F, Gelen SA, Kervancioglu E, Oral E. Prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases in children born after in vitro fertilisation. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2009; 37:11-3. [PMID: 19268055 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0546(09)70245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born after in vitro fertilisation (IVF) are under greater risk of development of some health problems than those children born after spontaneous conception. Yet it is not exactly known what the prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases among these children is. AIMS OF THE STUDY To investigate the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in children born after IVF, and controls born after spontaneous pregnancy using questionnaires of International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC). METHODS We recruited 158 children (mean age: 4.60 +/- 2.14 years) born after IVF pregnancies and 102 children (mean age: 5.27 +/- 2.8 years) as control group to investigate the prevalences of asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis. The questions in the questionnaire were asked to the parents by telephone or face to face. RESULTS Wheezing ever has been reported in 19 % of the children born after IVF and in 17.6 % of the control group (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups, in terms of use of any anti-asthma drugs, physician diagnosed asthma and admission to emergency room with wheezing (p > 0.05). In addition, prevalence of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis were also comparable between two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Prevalences of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are similar in children born after IVF and children born after spontaneous conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cetinkaya
- Sisli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Gao L, Grant AV, Rafaels N, Stockton-Porter M, Watkins T, Gao P, Chi P, Muñoz M, Watson H, Dunston G, Togias A, Hansel N, Sevransky J, Maloney JP, Moss M, Shanholtz C, Brower R, Garcia JGN, Grigoryev DN, Cheadle C, Beaty TH, Mathias RA, Barnes KC. Polymorphisms in the myosin light chain kinase gene that confer risk of severe sepsis are associated with a lower risk of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119:1111-8. [PMID: 17472811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) is a multifunctional protein involved in regulation of airway hyperreactivity and other activities relevant to asthma. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of MYLK gene variants in asthma among African Caribbean and African American populations. METHODS We performed association tests between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MYLK gene and asthma susceptibility and total serum IgE concentrations in 2 independent, family-based populations of African descent. Previously we identified variants/haplotypes in MYLK that confer risk for sepsis and acute lung injury; we compared findings from our asthma populations to findings in the African American sepsis and acute lung injury groups. RESULTS Significant associations between MYLK SNPs and asthma and total serum IgE concentrations were observed in the African Caribbean families: a promoter SNP (rs936170) in the smooth muscle form gave the strongest association (P = .009). A haplotype including rs936170 corresponding to the actin-binding activity of the nonmuscle and smooth muscle forms was negatively associated with asthma (eg, decreased risk) in both the American (P = .005) and Caribbean families (P = .004), and was the same haplotype that conferred risk for severe sepsis (P = .002). RNA expression studies on PBMCs and rs936170 suggested a significant decrease in MYLK expression among patients with asthma with this variant (P = .025). CONCLUSION MYLK polymorphisms may function as a common genetic factor in clinically distinct diseases involving bronchial smooth muscle contraction and inflammation. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Genetic variants in MYLK are significantly associated with both asthma and sepsis in populations of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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