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Bose S, Sharan K. Effect of probiotics on postmenopausal bone health: a preclinical meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:567-580. [PMID: 37869975 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a major concern for women worldwide due to increased risk of fractures and diminished bone quality. Recent research on gut microbiota has suggested that probiotics can combat various diseases, including postmenopausal bone loss. Although several preclinical studies have explored the potential of probiotics in improving postmenopausal bone loss, the results have been inconsistent and the mechanism of action remains unclear. To address this, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of probiotics on animal models of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The bone parameters studied were bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fractions (BV/TV), and hallmarks of bone formation and resorption. Pooled analysis showed that probiotic treatment significantly improves BMD and BV/TV of the ovariectomised animals. Probiotics, while not statistically significant, exhibited a tendency towards enhancing bone formation and reducing bone resorption. Next, we compared the effects of Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. on osteoporotic bone. Both probiotics improved BMD and BV/TV compared with control, but Lactobacillus sp. had a larger effect size. In conclusion, our findings suggest that probiotics have the potential to improve bone health and prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, further studies are required to investigate the effect of probiotics on postmenopausal bone health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Bose
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru570020, India
| | - Kunal Sharan
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
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2
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Kim JY, Song HJ, Cheon S, An S, Lee CS, Kim SH. Comparison of three different lactic acid bacteria-fermented proteins on RAW 264.7 osteoclast and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast differentiation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21575. [PMID: 38062113 PMCID: PMC10703878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a state of bone weakening caused by an imbalance in osteoblast and osteoclast activity. In this study, the anti-osteoporotic effects of three proteins fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were assessed. Commercial proteins sodium caseinate (SC), whey protein isolate (WPI), and soy protein isolate (SPI) were fermented by LAB strains for 48 h. The fermented products (F-SC, F-WPI, and F-SPI, respectively) were used in an in vitro osteoclast and osteoblast-like cell model to assess their effects on bone health. Despite no difference in the results of TRAP staining of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, F-WPI and F-SPI were effective in normalizing the altered gene expression of osteoclastogenesis markers such as TRAP, Nfatc1, RANK, and ATP6v0d. F-SPI was also effective in modulating osteoblasts by enhancing the expression of the osteoblastogenesis markers T1Col, Col2a, and OSX to levels higher than those in the SPI group, indicating that protein characteristics could be enhanced through bacterial fermentation. Moreover, these boosted effects of F-SPI may be involved with isoflavone-related metabolism during LAB-fermentation of SPI. These results demonstrate the potential of LAB-fermented proteins as dietary supplements to prevent bone loss. However, further understanding of its effects on balancing osteoblasts and osteoclasts and the underlying mechanisms is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Song
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejin Cheon
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokyoung An
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Sang Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hun Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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3
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You K, Yang L, Shen J, Liu B, Guo Y, Chen T, Li G, Lu H. Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Bone Health. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2406-2418. [PMID: 35249483 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220304230920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) are microorganisms that live in the host gastrointestinal tract, and their abundance varies throughout the host's life. With the development of sequencing technology, the role of GM in various diseases has been increasingly elucidated. Unlike earlier studies on orthopedic diseases, this review elucidates the correlation between GM health and bone health, and discusses the potential mechanism of GM effects on host metabolism, inflammation, and ability to induce or aggravate some common orthopedic diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Finally, the prospective methods of GM manipulation and evaluation of potential GM-targeting strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic diseases are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke You
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianjun Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanqing Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Guowei Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
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4
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de Sire A, de Sire R, Curci C, Castiglione F, Wahli W. Role of Dietary Supplements and Probiotics in Modulating Microbiota and Bone Health: The Gut-Bone Axis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040743. [PMID: 35203401 PMCID: PMC8870226 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by an alteration of bone microstructure with a decreased bone mineral density, leading to the incidence of fragility fractures. Around 200 million people are affected by osteoporosis, representing a major health burden worldwide. Several factors are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Today, altered intestinal homeostasis is being investigated as a potential additional risk factor for reduced bone health and, therefore, as a novel potential therapeutic target. The intestinal microflora influences osteoclasts’ activity by regulating the serum levels of IGF-1, while also acting on the intestinal absorption of calcium. It is therefore not surprising that gut dysbiosis impacts bone health. Microbiota alterations affect the OPG/RANKL pathway in osteoclasts, and are correlated with reduced bone strength and quality. In this context, it has been hypothesized that dietary supplements, prebiotics, and probiotics contribute to the intestinal microecological balance that is important for bone health. The aim of the present comprehensive review is to describe the state of the art on the role of dietary supplements and probiotics as therapeutic agents for bone health regulation and osteoporosis, through gut microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro de Sire
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.d.S.); (W.W.)
| | - Roberto de Sire
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.d.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Claudio Curci
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, ASST Carlo Poma, 46100 Mantova, Italy;
| | - Fabiana Castiglione
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.d.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Toxalim Research Center in Food Toxicology (UMR 1331), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment (INRAE), F-31300 Toulouse, France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (A.d.S.); (W.W.)
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5
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Bhardwaj A, Sapra L, Tiwari A, Mishra PK, Sharma S, Srivastava RK. “Osteomicrobiology”: The Nexus Between Bone and Bugs. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:812466. [PMID: 35145499 PMCID: PMC8822158 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.812466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of scientific evidence supports the notion that gut microbiota plays a key role in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes related to human health. Recent findings have now established that gut microbiota also contributes to the regulation of bone homeostasis. Studies on animal models have unraveled various underlying mechanisms responsible for gut microbiota-mediated bone regulation. Normal gut microbiota is thus required for the maintenance of bone homeostasis. However, dysbiosis of gut microbiota communities is reported to be associated with several bone-related ailments such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and periodontitis. Dietary interventions in the form of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics have been reported in restoring the dysbiotic gut microbiota composition and thus could provide various health benefits to the host including bone health. These dietary interventions prevent bone loss through several mechanisms and thus could act as potential therapies for the treatment of bone pathologies. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of how gut microbiota and its derived microbial compounds are associated with bone metabolism and their roles in ameliorating bone health. In addition to this, we also highlight the role of various dietary supplements like probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as promising microbiota targeted interventions with the clinical application for leveraging treatment modalities in various inflammatory bone pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Leena Sapra
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Tiwari
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, India
| | - Pradyumna K. Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Satyawati Sharma
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh K. Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Rupesh K. Srivastava, ,
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Guo X, Zhong K, Zou L, Xue H, Zheng S, Guo J, Lv H, Duan K, Huang D, Tan M. Effect of Lactobacillus casei fermented milk on fracture healing in osteoporotic mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1041647. [PMID: 36387894 PMCID: PMC9649960 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1041647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the gut microbiota and the host has been described experimentally by germ-free animals or by antibiotic-disturbed gut microbiota. Studies on germ-free mice have shown that gut microbiota is critical for bone growth and development in mice, emphasizing that microbiota dysbiosis may interfere with normal bone development processes. This study aimed to clarify the effect of antibiotic treatment on disturbed gut microbiota on bone development in mice and to investigate the effect of probiotic treatment on fracture healing in mice with dysbiosis. Our results showed that 4 weeks old female Kunming mice showed significantly lower abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota and significantly lower bone mineral density after 12 weeks of antibiotic treatment and significantly increased levels of RANKL and Ang II in serum (p<0.05). Mice with dysbiosis received 5 mL of Lactobacillus casei fermented milk by daily gavage after internal fixation of femoral fractures, and postoperative fracture healing was evaluated by X-ray, micro-CT scan, and HE staining, which showed faster growth of the broken ends of the femur and the presence of more callus. Serological tests showed decreased levels of RANKL and Ang II (p<0.05). Similarly, immunohistochemical results also showed increased expression of α smooth muscle actin in callus tissue. These results suggest that oral antibiotics can lead to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in mice, which in turn leads to the development of osteoporosis. In contrast, probiotic treatment promoted fracture healing in osteoporotic mice after dysbiosis, and the probiotic effect on fracture healing may be produced by inhibiting the RAS/RANKL/RANK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - LongFei Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - ShuLing Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hui Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ke Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - DengHua Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - MeiYun Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: MeiYun Tan,
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7
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Probiotics as a New Regulator for Bone Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3582989. [PMID: 34394379 PMCID: PMC8355998 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3582989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the proposed role of the gut microbiota-bone axis, findings on the association between probiotic consumption and bone health are conflicting. This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of probiotic consumption on bone health parameters. A systematic literature search of relevant reports published in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Google scholar before December 2020 was conducted. All clinical trials or experimental studies, which examined the relationship between probiotic consumption and bone health parameters, were included. No limitation was applied during the search. After screening articles based on inclusion criteria, 44 studies remained. In clinical trials, probiotic consumption affects bone health parameters such as serum calcium levels (3.82; 95% CI: 1.05, 6.59 mmol/l), urinary calcium levels (4.85; 95% CI: 1.16, 8.53 mmol/l), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels (−5.53; 95% CI: −9.83, −0.86 ng/l). In most studies, Lactobacillus species such as L. helveticus, L. reuteri, and L. casei were consumed and women aged 50 years or older were assessed. Spinal and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) was not affected significantly by probiotic consumption. In 37 animal experiments, probiotic or symbiotic feeding mostly had effects on bone health parameters. Some strains of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus including L. reuteri, L. casei, L. paracasei, L. bulgaricus, and L. acidophilus have indicated beneficial effects on bone health parameters. In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that probiotic supplementation might improve bone health. Further studies are needed to decide on the best probiotic species and appropriate dosages.
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8
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Montazeri-Najafabady N, Ghasemi Y, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Ashoori Y, Talezadeh P, Koohpeyma F, Abootalebi SN, Gholami A. Exploring the bone sparing effects of postbiotics in the post-menopausal rat model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:155. [PMID: 34049521 PMCID: PMC8161980 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03327-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-menopausal osteoporosis is a concern of health organizations, and current treatments do not seem enough. Postbiotics as bioactive compounds produced by probiotics may be an attractive alternative for bone health. In this study, we prepared, formulated, and compared the effects of cell lysate and supernatant of five native probiotic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bacillus coagulans) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods The probiotic strains were isolated, and their cell-free supernatants and biomasses as postbiotics were extracted and formulated using standard microbial processes. The Sprague-Dawley rats were fed by 1 × 109 CFU/ml/day postbiotic preparations for 4 weeks immediately after ovariectomy. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans were accomplished to evaluate femur, spine, and tibia BMD. The serum biochemical markers [calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase] were assessed. Results Postbiotics could considerably improve the global and femur area in OVX rats. In the case of global bone mineral density (BMD), Lactobacillus casei lysate and supernatant, Bacillus coagulans lysate and supernatant, lysate of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus reuteri supernatant significantly increased BMD. We found Bacillus coagulans supernatant meaningfully enriched tibia BMD. Conclusion Postbiotic could ameliorate bone loss resulting from estrogen deficiency. Also, the effects of postbiotics on different bone sites are strain-dependent. More clinical studies need to explore the optimal administrative dose and duration of the specific postbiotics in protecting bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Montazeri-Najafabady
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71348-14336, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Yousef Ashoori
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pedram Talezadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Narjes Abootalebi
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71348-14336, Shiraz, Iran.
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9
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Huidrom S, Beg MA, Masood T. Post-menopausal Osteoporosis and Probiotics. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:816-822. [PMID: 33109043 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201027124947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue with increased risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. It is due to the deficiency of estrogen production after menopause, which causes the imbalance in the bone remodeling process where resorption/formation skewed more towards resoption, which leads to bone loss. It causes high morbidity and severe health complication among the affected women. The current PMO therapy has many unwanted side effects and even increases the possibility of tumorigenesis. Therefore, an alternative therapy that is safe and effective is required. Probiotics are dietary supplements consisting of beneficial microbes and when administered in an adequate amount, confer a health benefit to the host. Recent scientific evidences suggested the link between the intestinal microbiota and bone health. This review discusses the process of bone remodeling and the role of intestinal microbiota on the bone metabolism of the host. Further, it summarizes the recent studies of probiotic on an animal model of PMO and also in post postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Huidrom
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun - 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mirza Atif Beg
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun - 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tariq Masood
- Department of Biochemistry, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun - 248001, Uttarakhand, India
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10
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Bu T, Zheng J, Liu L, Li S, Wu J. Milk proteins and their derived peptides on bone health: Biological functions, mechanisms, and prospects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2234-2262. [PMID: 33522110 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic organ under constant metabolism (or remodeling), where a delicate balance between bone resorption and bone formation is maintained. Disruption of this coordinated bone remodeling results in bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, the most common bone disorder characterized by decreased bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration. Epidemiological and clinical evidence support that consumption of dairy products is beneficial for bone health; this benefit is often attributed to the presence of calcium, the physiological contributions of milk proteins on bone metabolism, however, are underestimated. Emerging evidence highlighted that not only milk proteins (including individual milk proteins) but also their derived peptides positively regulate bone remodeling and attenuate bone loss, via the regulation of cellular markers and signaling of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This article aims to review current knowledge about the roles of milk proteins, with an emphasis on individual milk proteins, bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins, and effect of milk processing in particular fermentation, on bone metabolism, to highlight the potential uses of milk proteins in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, and, to discuss the knowledge gap and to recommend future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiexia Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Wu
- ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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11
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Calcium and vitamin D supplementation is recommended for patients at high risk of fracture and/or for those receiving pharmacological osteoporosis treatments. Probiotics are micro-organisms conferring a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts, likely by influencing gut microbiota (GM) composition and/or function. GM has been shown to influence various determinants of bone health. RECENT FINDINGS In animal models, probiotics prevent bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency, diabetes, or glucocorticoid treatments, by modulating both bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblast. In humans, they interfere with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and calcium intake and absorption, and slightly decrease bone loss in elderly postmenopausal women, in a quite similar magnitude as observed with calcium ± vitamin D supplements. A dietary source of probiotics is fermented dairy products which can improve calcium balance, prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism, and attenuate age-related increase of bone resorption and bone loss. Additional studies are required to determine whether probiotics or any other interventions targeting GM and its metabolites may be adjuvant treatment to calcium and vitamin D or anti-osteoporotic drugs in the general management of patients with bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
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12
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Lee CS, Lee SH, Kim SH. Bone‐protective effects of
Lactobacillus plantarum
B719‐fermented milk product. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chul Sang Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Sun Ho Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Sae Hun Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
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13
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Quach D, Parameswaran N, McCabe L, Britton RA. Characterizing how probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri 6475 and lactobacillic acid mediate suppression of osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep 2019; 11:100227. [PMID: 31763377 PMCID: PMC6864341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease that impacts over 200 million people worldwide. The probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) has been shown to prevent bone loss during estrogen deficiency. Lactobacillic acid is important for L. reuteri-induced suppression of in vitro osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclastogenesis was inhibited by L. reuteri and lactobacillic acid via GPR120 signaling.
Osteoporosis is a disease that impacts over 200 million people worldwide. Taking into consideration the side effects stemming from medications used to treat this illness, investigators have increased their efforts to develop novel therapeutics for osteoporosis. In a previous study, we demonstrated that ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice was prevented by treatment with the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri 6475 (L. reuteri), an effect that correlated with reduced osteoclastogenesis in the bone marrow of L. reuteri treated mice. We also demonstrated that L. reuteri directly inhibited osteoclastogenesis in vitro. To better understand how L. reuteri impacts osteoclast formation, we used additional in vitro analyses to identify that conditioned supernatant from L. reuteri inhibited osteoclastogenesis at the intermediate stage of fused polykaryons. To elucidate the effect of L. reuteri treatment on host cell physiology, we performed RNAseq at multiple time points during in vitro osteoclastogenesis and established that L. reuteri downregulated several KEGG pathways including osteoclast differentiation as well as TNF-α, NF-κB, and MAP kinase signaling. These results were consistent with Western Blot data demonstrating that NF-κB and p38 activation were decreased by L. reuteri treatment. We further identified that lactobacillic acid (LA), a cyclopropane fatty acid produced by L. reuteri, contributed significantly to the suppression of osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, we demonstrated that L. reuteri is signaling through the long chain fatty acid receptor, GPR120, to impact osteoclastogenesis. Overall, these studies provide both bacterial and host mechanisms by which L. reuteri impacts osteoclastogenesis and suggest that long chain fatty acid receptors could be targets for preventing osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin Quach
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Laura McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert A. Britton
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Houston, TX, USA
- Corresponding author.
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14
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Li S, Bu T, Zheng J, Liu L, He G, Wu J. Preparation, Bioavailability, and Mechanism of Emerging Activities of Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1097-1110. [PMID: 33337010 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro are two most well-known food-derived bioactive peptides, initially identified as inhibitors of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) from a sample of sour milk. These two peptides were identified in fermented and enzymatic hydrolyzed cow and non-cow (that is, goat, sheep, buffalo, yak, camel, mare, and donkey) milk, as well as sourdough prepared from wheat, rye, and malt. Similar to other bioactive peptides, bioavailability of these peptides is low (about 0.1%), reaching picomolar concentration in human plasma; they showed blood pressure lowering activity in animals and in human, via improved endothelial function, activation of ACE2, and anti-inflammatory property. Emerging bioactivities of these two peptides toward against metabolic syndrome and bone-protection received limited attention, but may open up new applications of these peptides as functional food ingredients. Further studies are warranted to determine the best source as well as to identify novel enzymes (particularly from traditional fermented milk products) to improve the efficiency of production, to characterize possible peptide receptors using a combination of omics technology with molecular methods to understand if these two peptides act as signal-like molecules, to improve their bioavailability, and to explore new applications based on emerging bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Ningbo Research Inst., Zhejiang Univ., Ningbo, 315100, China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tingting Bu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Ningbo Research Inst., Zhejiang Univ., Ningbo, 315100, China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiexia Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Ningbo Research Inst., Zhejiang Univ., Ningbo, 315100, China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Ningbo Research Inst., Zhejiang Univ., Ningbo, 315100, China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guoqing He
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Ningbo Research Inst., Zhejiang Univ., Ningbo, 315100, China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
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15
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Rizzoli R. Nutritional influence on bone: role of gut microbiota. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:743-751. [PMID: 30710248 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) located within the intestinal tract lumen comprises the largest number of cells (10E14) in the human body. The gut microbiome refers to the collection of genomes and genes present in gut microbiota. GM can vary according to age, sex, genetic background, immune status, geography, diet, prebiotics, which are non-digestible fibers metabolized in the distal part of the gastrointestinal tract, probiotics, which are micro-organisms conferring a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts, living conditions, diseases and drugs. A source of probiotics is fortified fermented dairy products, which in addition provide calcium, protein, phosphorus and various micronutrients. Bone homeostasis is influenced by GM composition and/or products. GM appears to be a major player in the various determinants of bone health. However, it remains to be demonstrated in well conducted long-term randomized controlled trials, whether interventions changing GM composition and/or function are capable of reducing fracture risk.
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16
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Probiotics in Extraintestinal Diseases: Current Trends and New Directions. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040788. [PMID: 30959761 PMCID: PMC6521300 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit to the host. Their positive supplementation outcomes on several gastrointestinal disorders are well defined. Nevertheless, their actions are not limited to the gut, but may also impart their beneficial effects at distant sites and organs. In this regard, in this review article we: (i) comprehensively describe the main mechanisms of action of probiotics at distant sites, including bones, skin, and brain; (ii) critically present their therapeutic potential against bone, skin, and neuronal diseases (e.g., osteoporosis, non-healing wounds and autoimmune skin illnesses, mood, behavior, memory, and cognitive impairments); (iii) address the current gaps in the preclinical and clinical research; and (iv) indicate new research directions and suggest future investigations.
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Quach D, Britton RA. Gut Microbiota and Bone Health. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1033:47-58. [PMID: 29101651 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen an explosion of research in the area of how the bacteria that inhabit the human body impact health and disease. One of the more surprising concepts to emerge from this work is the ability of the intestinal microbiota to impact virtually all systems in the body. Recently, the role of gut bacteria in bone health and disease has received more significant attention. In this chapter, we review what has been learned about how the gut microbiome impacts bone health and discuss possible mechanisms of how the gut-bone axis may be connected. We also discuss the use of therapeutic microbes in the modulation of bone health. Finally, we propose an emerging field of the gut-brain-bone axis, in which the gut drives bone physiology via regulation of key hormones that are originally synthesized in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin Quach
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert A Britton
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Houston, TX, USA.
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Antioxidative peptide from milk exhibits antiosteopenic effects through inhibition of oxidative damage and bone-resorbing cytokines in ovariectomized rats. Nutrition 2017; 43-44:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Schepper JD, Irwin R, Kang J, Dagenais K, Lemon T, Shinouskis A, Parameswaran N, McCabe LR. Probiotics in Gut-Bone Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1033:225-247. [PMID: 29101658 PMCID: PMC5762128 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal environment is linked to an array of conditions and diseases, including osteoporosis. Human and animal studies indicate that probiotics can benefit intestinal health and may provide a useful therapeutic to prevent and/or treat bone loss. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts will confer a health benefit on the host. In this review, we will focus on (1) probiotics (definition, history, nomenclature, types), (2) the effects of probiotics on bone health, and (3) mechanisms of probiotic prevention of bone pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regina Irwin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jun Kang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kevin Dagenais
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tristan Lemon
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ally Shinouskis
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology and Department of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging Research Centre, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Steves CJ, Bird S, Williams FMK, Spector TD. The Microbiome and Musculoskeletal Conditions of Aging: A Review of Evidence for Impact and Potential Therapeutics. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:261-9. [PMID: 26676797 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have begun to realize that the billions of microorganisms living in symbiosis with us have an influence on disease. Evidence is mounting that the alimentary tract microbiome, in particular, influences both host metabolic potential and its innate and adaptive immune system. Inflammatory states characterize many bone and joint diseases of aging. This prompts the hypothesis that the gut microbiome could alter the inflammatory state of the individual and directly influence the development of these common and burdensome clinical problems. Because the microbiome is easily modifiable, this could have major therapeutic impact. This perspective discusses evidence to date on the role of the microbiome and the highly prevalent age-related disorders of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcopenia, and frailty. It also reviews data on the effects of probiotics and prebiotic interventions in animal and human models. Despite suggestive findings, research to date is not conclusive, and we identify priorities for research to substantiate and translate findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK.,Clinical Age Research Unit, Department of Clinical Gerontology, Kings College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah Bird
- Clinical Age Research Unit, Department of Clinical Gerontology, Kings College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Frances M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
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McCabe L, Britton RA, Parameswaran N. Prebiotic and Probiotic Regulation of Bone Health: Role of the Intestine and its Microbiome. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2015; 13:363-71. [PMID: 26419466 PMCID: PMC4623939 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-015-0292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of how the intestinal microbiome contributes to health and disease have generated great interest in developing strategies for modulating the abundance of microbes and/or their activity to improve overall human health and prevent pathologies such as osteoporosis. Bone is an organ that the gut has long been known to regulate through absorption of calcium, the key bone mineral. However, it is clear that modulation of the gut and its microbiome can affect bone density and strength in a variety of animal models (zebrafish, rodents, chicken) and humans. This is demonstrated in studies ablating the microbiome through antibiotic treatment or using germ-free mouse conditions as well as in studies modulating the microbiome activity and composition through prebiotic and/or probiotic treatment. This review will discuss recent developments in this new and exciting area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, Biomedical Physical Science Building, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, Biomedical Physical Science Building, 846 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Robert A Britton
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, Biomedical Physical Science Building, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Chen HL, Tung YT, Chuang CH, Tu MY, Tsai TC, Chang SY, Chen CM. Kefir improves bone mass and microarchitecture in an ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:589-99. [PMID: 25278298 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Kefir treatment in ovariectomized (OVX) rats could significantly decrease the levels of bone turnover markers and prevent OVX-induced bone loss, deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture, and biomechanical dysfunction that may be due to increase intracellular calcium uptake through the TRPV6 calcium channel. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to an increased fracture risk. The incidence of osteoporosis increases with age and occurs most frequently in postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency, as the balance between bone resorption and bone formation shifts towards increased levels of bone resorption. Among various methods of prevention and treatment for osteoporosis, an increase in calcium intake is the most commonly recommended preventive measure. Kefir is a fermented milk product made with kefir grains that degrade milk proteins into various peptides with health-promoting effects, including immunomodulating-, antithrombotic-, antimicrobial-, and calcium-absorption-enhancing bioactivities. METHODS The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of kefir on osteoporosis prophylaxis in an ovariectomized rat model. A total of 56 16-week-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 7 experimental groups: sham (normal), OVX/Mock, OVX/1X kefir (164 mg/kg BW/day), OVX/2X kefir (328 mg/kg BW/day), OVX/4X kefir (656 mg/kg BW/day), OVX/ALN (2.5 mg/kg BW/day), and OVX/REBONE (800 mg/kg BW/day). After 12-week treatment with kefir, the bone physiology in the OVX rat model was investigated. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible transport mechanism involved in calcium absorption using the Caco-2 human cell line. RESULTS A 12-week treatment with kefir on the OVX-induced osteoporosis model reduced the levels of C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTx), bone turnover markers, and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp.). Additionally, treatment with kefir increased trabecular bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), trabecular number (Tb. N), and the biomechanical properties (hardness and modulus) of the distal femur with a dose-dependent efficacy. In addition, in in vitro assay, we found that kefir increased intracellular calcium uptake in Caco-2 cell through TRPV6 calcium channels and not through L-type voltage-operated calcium channels. CONCLUSION The protective effect of kefir in the OVX rat model may occur through increasing intracellular calcium uptake through the TRPV6 calcium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-L Chen
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa, 515, Taiwan
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Griffiths MW, Tellez AM. Lactobacillus helveticus: the proteolytic system. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:30. [PMID: 23467265 PMCID: PMC3587842 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus helveticus is one of the species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) most commonly used in the production of fermented milk beverages and some types of hard cheese. The versatile nature of this bacterium is based on its highly efficient proteolytic system consisting of cell-envelope proteinases (CEPs), transport system and intracellular peptidases. Besides use of L. helveticus in cheese processing, the production of fermented milk preparations with health promoting properties has become an important industrial application. Studies have shown that fermented dairy products are able to decrease blood pressure, stimulate the immune system, promote calcium absorption, and exert an anti-virulent effect against pathogens. These beneficial effects are produced by a variety of peptides released during the hydrolysis of milk proteins by the proteolytic system of L. helveticus, which provides the bacterium with its nutritional requirements for growth. In recent years, studies have focused on understanding the factors that affect the kinetics of milk protein hydrolysis by specific strains and have concentrated on the effect of pH, temperature, growth phase, and matrix composition on the bacterial enzymatic system. This review focuses on the role of the proteolytic system of L. helveticus in the production of bioactive compounds formed during fermentation of dairy products. Taking advantage of the powerful proteolytic system of this bacterium opens up future opportunities to search for novel food-derived compounds with potential health promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Griffiths
- Department of Food Science, Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of GuelphGuelph, ON, Canada
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Chiang SS, Liao JW, Pan TM. Effect of bioactive compounds in lactobacilli-fermented soy skim milk on femoral bone microstructure of aging mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:328-335. [PMID: 21815163 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy skim milks fermented with lactobacilli contain various phytochemicals such as isoflavones and peptides. We used lactobacilli-fermented soy skim milk as a nutritional supplement for 6 weeks to investigate its anti-osteoporosis effect in 13-month-old female BALB/c aging mice. Freeze-dried powder of soy skim milk fermented by Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (NTU 101F) and L. plantarum NTU 102 (NTU 102F) were used in this study. RESULTS The trabecular bone volumes in mice fed NTU 101F and NTU 102F increased by a factor of 3.48 and 2.16 compared with control values, respectively. The network density and thickness of distal metaphyseal trabecular bone in mice fed with NTU 101F and NTU 102F milks were significantly denser than that of control mice; moreover, the NTU 101F group had the largest resting area ratio and smallest resorbing area compared with other groups. The beneficial effect may due to isoflavones as well as higher amounts of polysaccharide and peptide in NTU 101F milk. CONCLUSION The results suggest that dietary supplement with fermented soy skim milk can attenuate aging-induced bone loss in BALB/c mice and possibly lower the risk of osteopenia or osteoporosis in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Shih Chiang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Kruger MC, Fear A, Chua WH, Plimmer GG, Schollum LM. The effect ofLactobacillus rhamnosusHN001 on mineral absorption and bone health in growing male and ovariectomised female rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1051/dst/2009012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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