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Imbalanced Inflammatory Responses in Preterm and Term Cord Blood Monocytes and Expansion of the CD14 +CD16 + Subset upon Toll-like Receptor Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054919. [PMID: 36902350 PMCID: PMC10002861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmentally regulated features of innate immunity are thought to place preterm and term infants at risk of infection and inflammation-related morbidity. Underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Differences in monocyte function including toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and signaling have been discussed. Some studies point to generally impaired TLR signaling, others to differences in individual pathways. In the present study, we assessed mRNA and protein expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in preterm and term cord blood (CB) monocytes compared with adult controls stimulated ex vivo with Pam3CSK4, zymosan, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, and CpG oligonucleotide, which activate the TLR1/2, TLR2/6, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 pathways, respectively. In parallel, frequencies of monocyte subsets, stimulus-driven TLR expression, and phosphorylation of TLR-associated signaling molecules were analyzed. Independent of stimulus, pro-inflammatory responses of term CB monocytes equaled adult controls. The same held true for preterm CB monocytes-except for lower IL-1β levels. In contrast, CB monocytes released lower amounts of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-1ra, resulting in higher ratios of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines. Phosphorylation of p65, p38, and ERK1/2 correlated with adult controls. However, stimulated CB samples stood out with higher frequencies of intermediate monocytes (CD14+CD16+). Both pro-inflammatory net effect and expansion of the intermediate subset were most pronounced upon stimulation with Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2), zymosan (TR2/6), and lipopolysaccharide (TLR4). Our data demonstrate robust pro-inflammatory and yet attenuated anti-inflammatory responses in preterm and term CB monocytes, along with imbalanced cytokine ratios. Intermediate monocytes, a subset ascribed pro-inflammatory features, might participate in this inflammatory state.
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Heydarian M, Schulz C, Stoeger T, Hilgendorff A. Association of immune cell recruitment and BPD development. Mol Cell Pediatr 2022; 9:16. [PMID: 35917002 PMCID: PMC9346035 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-022-00148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the neonatal lung, exposure to both prenatal and early postnatal risk factors converge into the development of injury and ultimately chronic disease, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The focus of many studies has been the characteristic inflammatory responses provoked by these exposures. Here, we review the relationship between immaturity and prenatal conditions, as well as postnatal exposure to mechanical ventilation and oxygen toxicity, with the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulatory networks. In these conditions, cytokine release, protease activity, and sustained presence of innate immune cells in the lung result in pathologic processes contributing to lung injury. We highlight the recruitment and function of myeloid innate immune cells, in particular, neutrophils and monocyte/macrophages in the BPD lung in human patients and animal models. We also discuss dissimilarities between the infant and adult immune system as a basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motaharehsadat Heydarian
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany. .,Center for Comprehensive Developmental Care (CDeCLMU) at the interdisciplinary Social Pediatric Center, (iSPZ), University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
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Patel H, Davidson D. Control of pro-inflammatory cytokine release from human monocytes with the use of an interleukin-10 monoclonal antibody. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1172:99-106. [PMID: 24908297 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0928-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The monocytes (MONOs) can be considered as "double-edge swords"; they have both important pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions manifested in part by cytokine production and release. Although MONOs are circulating cells, they are the major precursors of a variety of tissue-specific immune cells such as the alveolar macrophage, dendritic cells, microglial cells, and Kupffer cells. Unlike the polymorphonuclear leukocyte, which produces no or very little interleukin-10 (IL-10), the monocyte can produce this potent anti-inflammatory cytokine to control inflammation. IL-10, on an equimolar basis, is a more potent inhibitor of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by monocytes than many anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids which are used clinically. This chapter describes how to isolate monocytes from human blood and the use of IL-10 monoclonal antibody to determine the effect and timing of endogenous IL-10 release on the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Patel
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
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Wirstlein PK, Mikołajczyk M, Jasiński P, Skrzypczak J. Evaluation of the Markers of Inflammation in the Umbilical Cord Blood of Newborns of Mothers with Thrombophilia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72:561-70. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw K. Wirstlein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Division of Reproduction; University of Medical Sciences; Poznań Poland
| | - Mateusz Mikołajczyk
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Division of Reproduction; University of Medical Sciences; Poznań Poland
| | - Piotr Jasiński
- Gynecological and Obstetric Clinical Hospital in Poznan; Poznan Poland
| | - Jana Skrzypczak
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Division of Reproduction; University of Medical Sciences; Poznań Poland
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Davidson D, Zaytseva A, Miskolci V, Castro-Alcaraz S, Vancurova I, Patel H. Gene expression profile of endotoxin-stimulated leukocytes of the term new born: control of cytokine gene expression by interleukin-10. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53641. [PMID: 23326478 PMCID: PMC3543319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increasing evidence now supports the association between the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) with the pathogenesis of preterm labor, intraventricular hemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNs) and mononuclear cell (MONOs) infiltration of the placenta is associated with these disorders. The aim of this study was to reveal cell-specific differences in gene expression and cytokine release in response to endotoxin that would elucidate inflammatory control mechanisms in the newly born. Methods PMNs and MONOs were separately isolated from the same cord blood sample. A genome-wide microarray screened for gene expression and related pathways at 4 h of LPS stimulation (n = 5). RT-qPCR and ELISA were performed for selected cytokines at 4 h and 18 h of LPS stimulation. Results Compared to PMNs, MONOs had a greater diversity and more robust gene expression that included pro-inflammatory (PI) cytokines, chemokines and growth factors at 4 h. Only MONOs had genes changing expression (all up regulated including interleukin-10) that were clustered in the JAK/STAT pathway. Pre-incubation with IL-10 antibody, for LPS-stimulated MONOs, led to up regulated PI and IL-10 gene expression and release of PI cytokines after 4 h. Discussion The present study suggests a dominant role of MONO gene expression in control of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome at 4 hrs of LPS stimulation. LPS-stimulated MONOs but not PMNs of the newborn have the ability to inhibit PI cytokine gene expression by latent IL-10 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Davidson
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Stony Brook Long Island Children's Hospital, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America.
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Puzik A, Thiel A, Faust K, Härtel C. Thalidomide has anti-inflammatory properties in neonatal immune cells. Innate Immun 2012; 19:42-52. [PMID: 22710762 DOI: 10.1177/1753425912449881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonates demonstrate functional immaturity and dysregulation of immune responses leading to systemic inflammation and enhanced apoptosis of immune cells. Thalidomide has already been proven to differentially regulate immune responses and support anti-apoptosis in immunodeficiency syndromes. Thus, it was the aim of this study to evaluate the effects of thalidomide on the cytokine response and apoptosis of neonatal immune cells. After whole blood culture and stimulation of cord and adult blood samples, the intracytoplasmic expression and the secreted amounts of IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-8 were assessed by flow cytometry and Cytokine Bead Array. Apoptosis was detected using Annexin-V staining. Bcl-2 expression was analysed using the Cytokine Bead Array Apoptosis Kit. Exposure to thalidomide (100 µg/ml) reduced the intracytoplasmic pro-inflammatory cytokine production of neonatal monocytes and the IFN-γ production of neonatal lymphocytes. In supernatants, the addition of thalidomide resulted in reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and, by trend, IFN-γ. While stimulated neonatal lymphocytes exhibited susceptibility to apoptosis, thalidomide tended to diminish apoptotic cells. Bcl-2 expression tended to be increased after addition of thalidomide. The potent anti-inflammatory effects of thalidomide and its anti-apoptotic properties in cord blood immune cells provide the basis for future strategies to optimise treatment of neonatal infections and immunodeficiency syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Puzik
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany.
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Hikino S, Ohga S, Kinjo T, Kusuda T, Ochiai M, Inoue H, Honjo S, Ihara K, Ohshima K, Hara T. Tracheal aspirate gene expression in preterm newborns and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Int 2012; 54:208-14. [PMID: 22066648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2011.03510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) occurs in association with prenatal conditions predisposing infants to inflammation and remodeling of the premature lungs. Because of the lack of useful biomarkers for BPD, the gene expression of tracheal aspirate fluid (TAF) cells in premature infants was analyzed. METHODS Of 148 consecutive patients, 26 preterm infants (gestational age <34 weeks) were enrolled, who underwent assisted ventilation at birth for respiratory failure. Patients with congenital disorders were excluded. Half of these infants developed BPD. Interleukin (IL)-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B mRNA of TAF cells were quantified on real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS IL-10 (P < 0.01) and IFN-γ (P= 0.03) but not TGF-β1 or PDGF-B mRNA levels at birth were higher in BPD than in non-BPD infants. IL-10 expression differentiated BPD with the highest sensitivity (92%) and specificity (77%). IL-10 levels correlated with TGF-β1 (P= 0.03) and IFN-γ (P= 0.01), but not with PDGF-B levels. When BPD infants were classified according to comorbidity (group 1, six patients who suffered respiratory distress syndrome [RDS] but not chorioamnionitis [CAM]; group 2, five patients who had CAM but not RDS), PDGF-B levels were higher in group 2 (P= 0.01). High IL-10 expression was selected as a risk factor for BPD in infants who had CAM but not RDS (P= 0.01), although prolonged oxygen therapy was the most sensitive indicator for BPD (P < 0.01) on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS High IL-10 expression in TAF cells at birth could predict the evolution of BPD, but with less impact than oxygen requirement. PDGF might play a different role in the inflammatory process of premature lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Hikino
- Departments of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Hawwa RL, Hokenson MA, Wang Y, Huang Z, Sharma S, Sanchez-Esteban J. IL-10 inhibits inflammatory cytokines released by fetal mouse lung fibroblasts exposed to mechanical stretch. Pediatr Pulmonol 2011; 46:640-9. [PMID: 21337733 PMCID: PMC3103753 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.21433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, the molecular mechanisms by which excessive stretch induces lung inflammation are not well characterized. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated in vitro the contribution of lung mesenchymal cells to the inflammatory response mediated by mechanical stretch and the potential protective role of IL-10. METHODS Fetal mouse lung fibroblasts isolated during the saccular stage of lung development were exposed to 20% cyclic stretch to simulate mechanical injury. The phenotype of cultured fibroblasts was investigated by red oil O and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) staining. Cell necrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation were analyzed by lactate dehydrogenase release, cleaved caspase-3 activation and release of cytokines and chemokines into the supernatant, respectively. RESULTS First, we characterized the phenotype of the cultured fibroblasts and found an absence of red oil O staining and 100% positive staining for α-SMA, indicating that cultured fibroblasts were myofibroblasts. Mechanical stretch increased necrosis and apoptosis by two- and three-fold, compared to unstretched samples. Incubation of monolayers with IL-10 prior to stretch did not affect necrosis but significantly decreased apoptosis. Mechanical stretch increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines IL-1β, MCP-1, RANTES, IL-6, KC and TNF-α into the supernatant by 1.5- to 2.5-fold, and administration of IL-10 before stretch blocked that release. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that lung interstitial cells may play a significant role in the inflammatory cascade triggered by mechanical stretch. IL-10 protects fetal fibroblasts from injury secondary to stretch. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:640-649. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renda L Hawwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02905, USA
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Nguyen CN, Schnulle PM, Chegini N, Luo X, Koenig JM. Neonatal neutrophils with prolonged survival secrete mediators associated with chronic inflammation. Neonatology 2010; 98:341-7. [PMID: 20551711 PMCID: PMC2969107 DOI: 10.1159/000309007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resolution of inflammation involves the efficient removal of apoptotic neutrophils (PMN). However, a subpopulation of PMN that are resistant to apoptosis may contribute to PMN persistence in tissues, an early hallmark of chronic inflammation. We previously made observations that neonatal PMN with prolonged survival had augmented expression of CD18/CD11b, an adhesion molecule critical to inflammation. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that surviving neonatal PMN retain the capacity to secrete key mediators associated with chronic inflammation. METHODS We profiled cytokine and chemokine secretion patterns of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated neonatal and adult PMN using multicytokine array and ELISA. RESULTS We observed that surviving 24-hour neonatal PMN stimulated with LPS had enhanced secretion of interleukin (IL)-8, a chemokine involved in PMN activation and recruitment. In addition, 24-hour neonatal PMN secreted levels of monocyte inhibitory protein (MIP)-1β that were higher than those secreted by 0-hour PMN, but amounts of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) were lower. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study extend previous observations of augmented function in surviving neonatal neutrophils, and further suggest their potential contribution to the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla, USA
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Chusid LA, Pereira-Argenziano L, Miskolci V, Vancurova I, Davidson D. Transcriptional control of cytokine release from monocytes of the newborn: effects of endogenous and exogenous interleukin-10 versus dexamethasone. Neonatology 2009; 97:108-16. [PMID: 19713717 PMCID: PMC3696358 DOI: 10.1159/000235807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocytes play an important role in the fetal and neonatal inflammatory response syndrome. They are also the precursors of alveolar macrophages, microglial and Kupffer cells. Monocytes have pro-inflammatory (PI) and anti-inflammatory (AI) functions. Interleukin (IL)-10 is a potent AI cytokine released by monocytes. OBJECTIVE We determined the effects of endogenous and exogenous IL-10 versus equimolar levels of dexamethasone (DEX) on PI and AI cytokine release, as well as transcription factor DNA-binding activity, in endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS)-stimulated monocytes of the newborn. METHODS Monocytes were isolated into culture media from cord blood. ELISAs, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and Western blots were employed. RESULTS LPS-stimulated monocyte release of PI cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1beta and IL-8, over 18 h was significantly augmented by addition of an IL-10 monoclonal antibody. Exogenous IL-10 at 10(-8)M inhibited PI cytokine release by 89-97%, while DEX at an equimolar level had no effect. DNA-binding activities of the PI transcription factors nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), and the AI transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were induced over 18 h. DEX at 10(-8)M had no effect on any transcription factor DNA binding, but exogenous IL-10 at 10(-8)M produced a 60% inhibition of AP-1 DNA binding and enhanced phosphorylation of nuclear STAT3 for 18 h. CONCLUSION At therapeutic levels of DEX, monocyte release of PI cytokine was insensitive to DEX in comparison to IL-10. IL-10 or its mechanism of action could lead to new therapy for inflammatory disorders in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina A. Chusid
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Schneider Children's Hospital, New Hyde Park, N.Y., USA
| | - Lucy Pereira-Argenziano
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Schneider Children's Hospital, New Hyde Park, N.Y., USA
| | - Veronika Miskolci
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, N.Y., USA
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Schneider Children's Hospital, New Hyde Park, N.Y., USA
| | - Ivana Vancurova
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Schneider Children's Hospital, New Hyde Park, N.Y., USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, N.Y., USA
| | - Dennis Davidson
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, N.Y., USA
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Schneider Children's Hospital, New Hyde Park, N.Y., USA
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Prophylactic maternal n-acetylcysteine before lipopolysaccharide suppresses fetal inflammatory cytokine responses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200:665.e1-5. [PMID: 19344884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal infection or inflammation may induce fetal inflammatory responses and potentially fetal brain injury. We sought to determine whether prophylactic n-acetylcysteine (NAC), a known antiinflammatory, may modulate the fetal cytokine response to maternal lipopolysaccharide (LPS). STUDY DESIGN Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats (20/21 days = 0.95 gestation; n = 35) received intraperitoneal NAC (300 mg/kg) or saline at time 0 and LPS (500 microg/kg) or saline at 30 minutes. An additional group received NAC following saline. At 6 hours, rats were killed and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 beta, and IL-10 levels were determined in fetal and maternal blood. RESULTS Following maternal LPS, fetal blood IL-6 (median [25th, 75th] 50 [27, 50] to 2072 [448, 4853] pg/mL) and IL-1 beta (74 [10, 139] to 391 [284, 797] pg/mL) significantly increased. NAC before LPS significantly reduced the fetal IL-6 and IL-1 beta response. Fetal IL-10 was not attenuated by any treatment. NAC attenuated both maternal pro- and antiinflammatory responses to LPS. CONCLUSION Maternal NAC suppressed fetal and maternal inflammatory responses to maternal LPS. These results suggest that prophylactic NAC may protect the fetus from maternal inflammation.
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Citarella BV, Miskolci V, Vancurova I, Davidson D. Interleukin-10 versus dexamethasone: effects on polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions of the newborn. Pediatr Res 2009; 65:425-9. [PMID: 19127214 PMCID: PMC4288846 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e318199384d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, may have therapeutic potential in the fetal inflammatory response syndrome and its sequelae such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Our aim was to compare the effects of IL-10 versus dexamethasone (DEX) on important PMN functions of the newborn. PMNs were isolated into culture medium from cord blood after elective cesarean section deliveries. IL-10 and DEX were compared on an equimolar basis corresponding to previously measured plasma levels of DEX from infants treated for BPD. The endotoxin (LPS)-stimulated release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) and IL-1 beta, were markedly inhibited equally by IL-10 and DEX; the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 was not released and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) was released less with DEX compared with IL-10. PMNs exposed to LPS, N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP), or S. aureus did not show a significant difference between control, DEX and IL-10 for apoptosis, respiratory burst, phagocytosis or killing respectively. Chemotaxis to fMLP or IL-8 was unaffected by DEX or IL-10. The principal effects of both IL-10 and DEX, on the PMN functions studied, are related to the control of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett V Citarella
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Schneider Children's Hospital, New Hyde Park, New York 11040, USA
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Lee HS, Wang Y, Maciejewski BS, Esho K, Fulton C, Sharma S, Sanchez-Esteban J. Interleukin-10 protects cultured fetal rat type II epithelial cells from injury induced by mechanical stretch. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 294:L225-32. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00370.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, the mechanisms by which excessive stretch of fetal or neonatal type II epithelial cells contributes to lung injury are not well defined. In these investigations, isolated embryonic day 19 fetal rat type II epithelial cells were cultured on substrates coated with fibronectin and exposed to 5% or 20% cyclic stretch to simulate mechanical forces during lung development or lung injury, respectively. Twenty percent stretch of fetal type II epithelial cells increased necrosis, apoptosis, and proliferation compared with control, unstretched samples. By ELISA and real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), 20% stretch increased secretion of IL-8 into the media and IL-8 gene expression and inhibited IL-10 release. Interestingly, administration of recombinant IL-10 before 20% stretch did not affect cell lysis but significantly reduced apoptosis and IL-8 release compared with stretched samples without IL-10. Collectively, our studies suggest that IL-10 may play an important role in protection of fetal type II epithelial cells from injury secondary to stretch.
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