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Shirazi-Tehrani E, Firouzabadi N, Tamaddon G, Bahramali E, Vafadar A. Carvedilol Alters Circulating MiR-1 and MiR-214 in Heart Failure. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2020; 13:375-383. [PMID: 32943906 PMCID: PMC7481348 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s263740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized as major contributors in various cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure (HF). These small noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally control target genes are involved in regulating different pathophysiological processes including cardiac proliferation, ifferentiation, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Although carvedilol, a β-adrenergic blocker, and a drug of choice in HF produce cytoprotective actions against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we proposed that the expression of hypertrophic-specific miRNAs (miR-1, miR-133, miR-208, and miR-214) might be linked to beneficial effects of carvedilol. Methods The levels of four hypertrophic-specific miRNAs were measured in the sera of 35 patients with systolic HF receiving carvedilol (treated) and 20 HF patients not receiving any β-blockers (untreated) as well as 17 nonHF individuals (healthy) using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Systolic HF was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction <50% by transthoracic echocardiography. Results We demonstrated that miR-1 and miR-214 were significantly upregulated in the treated group compared to the untreated group (P=0.014 and 5.3-fold, 0.033 and 4.2-fold, respectively). However, miR-133 and miR-208 did not show significant difference in expression between these two study groups. MiR-1 was significantly downregulated in the untreated group compared with healthy individuals (P=0.019 and 0.14-fold). Conclusion In conclusion, it might be postulated that one of the mechanisms by which carvedilol may exert its cardioprotective effects can be through increasing miR-1 and miR-214 expressions which may also serve as a potential therapeutic target in patients with systolic HF in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shirazi-Tehrani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Firouzabadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Tamaddon
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Bahramali
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Vafadar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Effects of third-generation β-blockers, atenolol or amlodipine on blood pressure variability and target organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2020; 38:536-545. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mitochondria and Cardiac Hypertrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:203-226. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lucas AM, Caldas FR, da Silva AP, Ventura MM, Leite IM, Filgueiras AB, Silva CGL, Kowaltowski AJ, Facundo HT. Diazoxide prevents reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage, leading to anti-hypertrophic effects. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 261:50-55. [PMID: 27867086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by wall thickening or chamber enlargement of the heart in response to pressure or volume overload, respectively. This condition will, initially, improve the organ contractile function, but if sustained will render dysfunctional mitochondria and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channels (mitoKATP) modulate the redox status of the cell and protect against several cardiac insults. Here, we tested the hypothesis that mitoKATP opening (using diazoxide) will avoid isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial Ca2+-induced swelling. To induce cardiac hypertrophy, Swiss mice were treated intraperitoneally with isoproterenol (30 mg/kg/day) for 8 days. Diazoxide (5 mg/kg/day) was used to open mitoKATP and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5 mg/kg/day) was administrated as a mitoKATP blocker. Isoproterenol-treated mice had elevated heart weight/tibia length ratios and increased myocyte cross-sectional areas. Additionally, hypertrophic hearts produced higher levels of H2O2 and had lower glutathione peroxidase activity. In contrast, mitoKATP opening with diazoxide blocked all isoproterenol effects in a manner reversed by 5-hydroxydecanoate. Isolated mitochondria from Isoproterenol-induced hypertrophic hearts had increased susceptibility to Ca2+-induced swelling secondary to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. MitokATP opening was accompanied by lower Ca2+-induced mitochondrial swelling, an effect blocked by 5-hydroxydecanoate. Our results suggest that mitoKATP opening negatively regulates cardiac hypertrophy by avoiding oxidative impairment and mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline M Lucas
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Barbalha, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco R Caldas
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Barbalha, CE, Brazil
| | - Amanda P da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Barbalha, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Iago M Leite
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Barbalha, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana B Filgueiras
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Barbalha, CE, Brazil
| | - Claúdio G L Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Barbalha, CE, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heberty T Facundo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Barbalha, CE, Brazil.
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Does the ADMA/DDAH/NO pathway modulate early regression of left ventricular hypertrophy with esmolol? Med Hypotheses 2015; 87:44-7. [PMID: 26826640 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a maladaptive response to chronic pressure overload and a strong independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Regression of LVH is associated with improved prognosis. Regression of LVH with antihypertensive therapy (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics) has been reported, although only after long-term treatment. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), the most potent endogenous NO synthase inhibitor, is emerging as an important cardiovascular risk factor in patients with arterial hypertension and LVH, and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) is the mechanism that most frequently leads to accumulation of ADMA (plasma ADMA is cleared in small part by renal excretion, although the bulk of ADMA is degraded by DDAH). Left ventricular mass is strongly modulated by the NO system. As an important inhibitor of the bioavailability of NO, ADMA is an underlying mechanism of LVH. Beta-blockers can induce regression of LVH and reduced plasma ADMA levels. Oxidative stress is increased in patients with LVH, and this in turn increases generation of ADMA. In a previous preclinical study of spontaneously hypertensive rats, we found that short-term treatment (48 h) with esmolol reverses early LVH, increases the bioavailability of NO, and improves antioxidant status in plasma. Therefore, we propose that the ADMA/DDAH/NO pathway could modulate early regression of LVH with esmolol.
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Zhou LY, Liu JP, Wang K, Gao J, Ding SL, Jiao JQ, Li PF. Mitochondrial function in cardiac hypertrophy. Int J Cardiol 2012; 167:1118-25. [PMID: 23044430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophic program is a chronic, complex process, and occurs in response to long-term increases of hemodynamic load related to a variety of pathophysiological conditions. Mitochondria, known as "the cellular power plants", occupy about one-third of cardiomyocyte volume and supply roughly 90% of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Impairment of energy metabolism has been regarded as one of the main pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, we summarize here the molecular events of mitochondrial adaptations, including the mitochondrial genesis, ATP generation, ROS signaling and Ca(2+) homeostasis in cardiac hypertrophy, expecting that this effort will shed new light on understanding the maladaptive cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yu Zhou
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Hassan F, Meduru S, Taguchi K, Kuppusamy ML, Mostafa M, Kuppusamy P, Khan M. Carvedilol enhances mesenchymal stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction via inhibition of caspase-3 expression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 343:62-71. [PMID: 22739507 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.196915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells have shown great promise toward repairing infarcted heart and restoring cardiac function. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), because of their inherent multipotent nature and their ability to secrete a multitude of growth factors and cytokines, have been used for cardiac repair with encouraging results. Preclinical studies showed that MSCs injected into infarcted hearts improve cardiac function and attenuate fibrosis. Although stem cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic option to repair the infarcted heart, it is faced with a number of challenges, including the survival of the transplanted cells in the ischemic region, due to excessive oxidative stress present in the ischemic region. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Carvedilol (Carv), a nonselective β-blocker with antioxidant properties, on the survival and engraftment of MSCs in the infarcted heart. MSCs were subjected to a simulated host-tissue environment, similar to the one present in the infarcted myocardium, by culturing them in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) to induce oxidative stress. MSCs were treated with 2.5 μM Carv for 1 h in serum-free medium, followed by treatment with H(2)O(2) for 2 h. The treated cells exhibited significant protection against H(2)O(2)-induced cell death versus untreated controls as determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assays. Likewise, transplantation of MSCs after permanent left coronary artery ligation and treatment of animals after myocardial infarction (MI) with Carv (5 mg/kg b.wt.) led to significant improvement in cardiac function, decreased fibrosis, and caspase-3 expression compared with the MI or MSC-alone groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemat Hassan
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Chronic β-adrenoceptor Antagonist Treatment Controls Cardiovascular Remodeling in Heart Failure in the Aging Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2011; 58:424-31. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182283c78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bourassa EA, Fang X, Li X, Sved AF, Speth RC. AT₁ angiotensin II receptor and novel non-AT₁, non-AT₂ angiotensin II/III binding site in brainstem cardiovascular regulatory centers of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Brain Res 2010; 1359:98-106. [PMID: 20807518 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 08/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have an activated brain angiotensin system that contributes to the elevation of blood pressure in this animal model. Physiological and pharmacological studies suggest that hyperactivation of brain AT₁ angiotensin receptors is a major pathophysiological factor. Consistent with these observations, radioligand binding studies indicate widespread up-regulation of brain angiotensin receptors in SHR. One key brainstem site in which AT₁ receptor stimulation appears to contribute to the elevated blood pressure in SHR is the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). However, no quantitative comparison of AT₁ receptor binding in the RVLM has been made in SHR versus normotensive rats. A novel, non-AT₁, non-AT₂ binding site, specific for angiotensins II and III, has recently been discovered in the brain. To determine if radioligand binding to either AT₁ receptors or this novel angiotensin binding site is altered in the RVLM and other caudal brainstem regions of SHR, a quantitative densitometric autoradiographic comparison of radioligand binding in SHR versus normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats was made. In both the RVLM and caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) as well as dorsomedial medulla (DMM), there was increased expression of AT₁ receptor binding in SHR (13%, 9%, and 23%, respectively). Conversely, expression of the novel, non-AT₁, non-AT₂, angiotensin II and III binding site was decreased in the RVLM and DMM of SHR (37% and 13%, respectively). This increased AT₁ receptor binding in the RVLM may contribute to the hypertension of SHR. Reduced radioligand binding to the novel, non-AT₁, non-AT₂, angiotensin binding site in the RVLM of SHR may indicate a role for this binding site to reduce blood pressure via its interactions with angiotensins II and III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick A Bourassa
- Biological Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO 64468, USA
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Blockade of adrenoreceptors inhibits the splenic response to stroke. Exp Neurol 2009; 218:47-55. [PMID: 19371742 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of the peripheral immune system in delayed cellular degeneration after stroke. In the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke, the spleen decreases in size. This reduction occurs through the release of splenic immune cells. Systemic treatment with human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBC) 24 h post-stroke blocks the reduction in spleen size while significantly reducing infarct volume. Splenectomy 2 weeks prior to MCAO also reduces infarct volume, further demonstrating the detrimental role of this organ in stroke-induced neurodegeneration. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system after MCAO results in elevated catecholamine levels both at the level of the spleen, through direct splenic innervation, and throughout the systemic circulation upon release from the adrenal medulla. These catecholamines bind to splenic alpha and beta adrenoreceptors. This study examines whether catecholamines regulate the splenic response to stroke. Male Sprague-Dawley rats either underwent splenic denervation 2 weeks prior to MCAO or received injections of carvedilol, a pan adrenergic receptor blocker, prazosin, an alpha1 receptor blocker, or propranolol, a beta receptor blocker. Denervation was confirmed by reduced splenic expression of tyrosine hydroxylase. Denervation prior to MCAO did not alter infarct volume or spleen size. Propranolol treatment also had no effects on these outcomes. Treatment with either prazosin or carvedilol prevented the reduction in spleen size, yet only carvedilol significantly reduced infarct volume (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that circulating blood borne catecholamines regulate the splenic response to stroke through the activation of both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors.
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Carvalho VO, Guimarães GV, Bocchi EA. The relationship between heart rate reserve and oxygen uptake reserve in heart failure patients on optimized and non-optimized beta-blocker therapy. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2008; 63:725-30. [PMID: 19060991 PMCID: PMC2664269 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322008000600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between the percentage of oxygen consumption reserve and percentage of heart rate reserve in heart failure patients either on non-optimized or off beta-blocker therapy is known to be unreliable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the percentage of oxygen consumption reserve and percentage of heart rate reserve in heart failure patients receiving optimized and non-optimized beta-blocker treatment during a treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test. METHODS A total of 27 sedentary heart failure patients (86% male, 50+/-12 years) on optimized beta-blocker therapy with a left ventricle ejection fraction of 33+/-8% and 35 sedentary non-optimized heart failure patients (75% male, 47+/-10 years) with a left ventricle ejection fraction of 30+/-10% underwent the treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test (Naughton protocol). Resting and peak effort values of both the percentage of oxygen consumption reserve and percentage of heart rate reserve were, by definition, 0 and 100, respectively. RESULTS The heart rate slope for the non-optimized group was derived from the points 0.949+/-0.088 (0 intercept) and 1.055+/-0.128 (1 intercept), p<0.0001. The heart rate slope for the optimized group was derived from the points 1.026+/-0.108 (0 intercept) and 1.012+/-0.108 (1 intercept), p=0.47. Regression linear plots for the heart rate slope for each patient in the non-optimized and optimized groups revealed a slope of 0.986 (almost perfect) for the optimized group, but the regression analysis for the non-optimized group was 0.030 (far from perfect, which occurs at 1). CONCLUSION The relationship between the percentage of oxygen consumption reserve and percentage of heart rate reserve in patients on optimized beta-blocker therapy was reliable, but this relationship was unreliable in non-optimized heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Oliveira Carvalho
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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