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The Influence of Intervertebral Disc Microenvironment on the Biological Behavior of Engrafted Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:8671482. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8671482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is the main cause of low back pain. Traditional treatment methods cannot repair degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. The emergence of stem cell therapy makes it possible to regenerate and repair degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. At present, mesenchymal stem cells are the most studied, and different types of mesenchymal stem cells have their own characteristics. However, due to the harsh and complex internal microenvironment of the intervertebral disc, it will affect the biological behaviors of the implanted mesenchymal stem cells, such as viability, proliferation, migration, and chondrogenic differentiation, thereby affecting the therapeutic effect. This review is aimed at summarizing the influence of each intervertebral disc microenvironmental factor on the biological behavior of mesenchymal stem cells, so as to provide new ideas for using tissue engineering technology to assist stem cells to overcome the influence of the microenvironment in the future.
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Xue B, Xiao X, Yu T, Xiao X, Xie J, Ji Q, Wang L, Na T, Meng S, Qian L, Duan H. Mesenchymal stem cells modified by FGF21 and GLP1 ameliorate lipid metabolism while reducing blood glucose in type 2 diabetic mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:133. [PMID: 33588950 PMCID: PMC7885588 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in order to identify a new method for treating diabetes that differs from traditional medicine and to provide a new means by which to fundamentally improve or treat diabetes. METHODS MSCs derived from adipose tissue were modified to overexpress FGF21 and GLP1, which was achieved through lentiviral particle transduction. The cells were transplanted into BKS.Cg-Dock7m+/+Leprdb/Nju mice (T2DM mouse model). Injections of physiological saline (0.1 mL) and liraglutide (0.5 mg/kg) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. ELISA or Western blotting was used for protein analysis, and quantitative real-time PCR was used for gene expression analysis. RESULTS Genetic modification had no effects on the morphology, differentiation ability, or immunophenotype of MSCs. Moreover, MSC-FGF21+GLP1 cells exhibited significantly increased secretion of FGF21 and GLP1. In the T2DM mouse model, the transplantation of MSC-FGF21+GLP1 cells ameliorated the changes in blood glucose and weight, promoted the secretion of insulin, enhanced the recovery of liver structures, and improved the profiles of lipids. Moreover, FGF21 and GLP1 exerted synergistic effects in the regulation of glucolipid metabolism by controlling the expression of insulin, srebp1, and srebp2. CONCLUSION Stem cell treatment based on MSCs modified to overexpress the FGF21 and GLP1 genes is an effective approach for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Xue
- Department of Military Cognitive and Stress Medicine, Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiuxiao Xiao
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qiuhe Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xijing Hospital of Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xijing Hospital of Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shanxi, China
| | - Tao Na
- The Cell Collection and Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shufang Meng
- The Cell Collection and Research Center, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lingjia Qian
- Department of Military Cognitive and Stress Medicine, Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Haifeng Duan
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Jauković A, Kukolj T, Obradović H, Okić-Đorđević I, Mojsilović S, Bugarski D. Inflammatory niche: Mesenchymal stromal cell priming by soluble mediators. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:922-937. [PMID: 33033555 PMCID: PMC7524701 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells of stromal origin that possess self-renewal capacity and the ability to differentiate into multiple mesodermal cell lineages. They play a critical role in tissue homeostasis and wound healing, as well as in regulating the inflammatory microenvironment through interactions with immune cells. Hence, MSCs have garnered great attention as promising candidates for tissue regeneration and cell therapy. Because the inflammatory niche plays a key role in triggering the reparative and immunomodulatory functions of MSCs, priming of MSCs with bioactive molecules has been proposed as a way to foster the therapeutic potential of these cells. In this paper, we review how soluble mediators of the inflammatory niche (cytokines and alarmins) influence the regenerative and immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs, highlighting the major advantages and concerns regarding the therapeutic potential of these inflammatory primed MSCs. The data summarized in this review may provide a significant starting point for future research on priming MSCs and establishing standardized methods for the application of preconditioned MSCs in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11129, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kukolj
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11129, Serbia
| | - Hristina Obradović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11129, Serbia
| | - Ivana Okić-Đorđević
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11129, Serbia
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11129, Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11129, Serbia
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Alterations in IL-6/STAT3 Signaling by Korean Mistletoe Lectin Regulate the Self-Renewal Activity of Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112604. [PMID: 31671670 PMCID: PMC6893712 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Korean mistletoe (Viscum album L. var. coloratum) lectin (VCA) is known as an anticancer drug. However, it is not clear whether VCA affects the self-renewal activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Therefore, the objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of VCA on the proliferation of MSCs and expression of stemness markers. We also evaluated the usefulness of placenta-derived MSCs (PD-MSCs) as a screening tool. VCA was stably administered to MSCs, and analyzed self-renewal activities. The effect of IL-6 signaling on MSC proliferation was explored by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) and western blot analysis. Compared with the control condition, low concentrations of VCA (10 pg/mL) induced an increase in the self-renewal activity of MSCs. Interestingly, a low concentration of VCA promoted IL-6 signaling in PD-MSCs through altered IL-6/STAT3 gene methylation. Furthermore, inhibition of IL-6 expression in PD-MSCs using an anti-IL-6 antibody caused a decrease in their self-renewal activity through IL-6/STAT3 signaling by altering IL-6/STAT3 gene methylation. These findings provide helpful data for understanding the mechanism of MSC self-renewal via VCA and show that VCA may be useful as a functional natural product for developing efficient therapies using placenta-derived stem cells.
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Lee YN, Lin CF, Chang CY, Wu YJ, Tsai CH, Tseng SW, Lee HI, Yeh HI, Su CH. Enhanced Proliferation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Post-Ultrasonic Microbubble Transfection Is Plasmid DNA Size Dependent and Contributed by Interleukin-6 Generation. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:2434-2443. [PMID: 31248639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether ultrasonic microbubble transfection (UMT) would enhance the transfection of large-sized luciferase plasmids (5.6, 9.2 and 33 kb) and biological impacts. Porcine venous blood endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were cultured in a medium containing plasmid DNA (pDNA) of different sizes followed by UMT and functional assays. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to investigate the effects of transfection of pDNA on multiple molecules central to endothelial function. The results indicated enhanced luciferase expression after UMT but the enhancement declined with increase in the size of the plasmid. UMT of pDNAs sized 5.6 and 9.2 kb into EPCs led to significant enhancement of proliferation. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) secreted from UMT of EPCs also increased in the 5.6- and 9.2-kb pDNA groups. Treatment of the transfected EPCs with anti-IL-6 antibody neutralized the proliferation. In conclusion, UMT of pDNAs sized 5.6 and 9.2 kb into EPCs increased the secretion of IL-6, which in turn enhanced cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Lee
- Cardiovascular Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Feng Lin
- Cardiovascular Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yin Chang
- Cardiovascular Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Jer Wu
- Cardiovascular Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsien Tsai
- Cardiovascular Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsin-I Lee
- Cardiovascular Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-I Yeh
- Cardiovascular Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Huang Su
- Cardiovascular Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Anti-aging effects exerted by Tetramethylpyrazine enhances self-renewal and neuronal differentiation of rat bMSCs by suppressing NF-kB signaling. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190761. [PMID: 31171713 PMCID: PMC6591573 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies for a number of intractable neurological disorders, a more favorable strategy to regulate the outcome of bone marrow MSCs (bMSCs) was examined in the present study. In view of the wide range of neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects, Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a biologically active alkaloid isolated from the herbal medicine Ligusticum wallichii, was used. It was revealed that treatment with 30–50 mg/l TMP for 4 days significantly increased cell viability, alleviated senescence by suppressing NF-κB signaling, and promoted bMSC proliferation by regulating the cell cycle. In addition, 40–50 mg/l TMP treatment may facilitate the neuronal differentiation of bMSCs, verified in the present study by presentation of neuronal morphology and expression of neuronal markers: microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that TMP treatment may promote the expression of neurogenin 1 (Ngn1), neuronal differentiation 1 (NeuroD) and mammalian achaete–scute homolog 1 (Mash1). In conclusion, 4 days of 40–50 mg/l TMP treatment may significantly delay bMSC senescence by suppressing NF-κB signaling, and enhancing the self-renewal ability of bMSCs, and their potential for neuronal differentiation.
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Albishtue AA, Yimer N, Zakaria MZA, Haron AW, Babji AS, Abubakar AA, Almhanawi BH. Effects of EBN on embryo implantation, plasma concentrations of reproductive hormones, and uterine expressions of genes of PCNA, steroids, growth factors and their receptors in rats. Theriogenology 2018; 126:310-319. [PMID: 30605790 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of edible bird's nest (EBN) supplement on uterine function and embryo-implantation rate. A total of 24 adult female rats, divided equally into four groups, were treated with different doses of EBN for 8 weeks. In the last week of treatment, intact fertile male rats were introduced into each group (three per group) for overnight for mating. On day 7 post-mating (post-implantation), blood samples were collected from the hearts of anaesthetised rats that were later sacrificed. The uteri were removed for assessment of embryo implantation rate, histological and electron microscopic examination, and immunohistochemical analyses. Results showed that as the concentration of EBN supplemented increased, the pregnancy and embryo implantation rates were also increased in the treated groups; significantly at G3 and G4. Although histological evaluation did not show much difference among the groups, scanning electron microscopic examination showed enhanced development of elongated microvilli and pinopods in G4. Results also revealed up-regulated expressions of epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), proliferating cell nulear antigen (PCNA), and progesterone and estrogen receptors (P4R, E2R) in the uteri of treated groups. Moreover, plasma E2, P4, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (P) levels were higher (p < 0.05) in G3 and G4. The EBN increased the antioxidant (AO) and total AO capacities (TAC) and reduced oxidative stress (OS) levels in pregnant rats. In conclusion, findings of this study revealed that EBN enhances fertility and embryo implantation rate via promoting proliferation and differentiation of uterine structures as evidenced by the upregulation of the expressions of steroid receptors, EGF, EGFR, VEGF, and PCNA in the uterus. Furthermore, observations of improved growth of ultrastructural pinopods that assist in embryo attachment with uterine epithelium, increased concentrations of E2, P4, GH and P levels, as well as increased AO capacities with reduced OS levels in the treated groups might reflect additional possible mechanisms by which EBN enhances embryo implantation rate and pregnancy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla A Albishtue
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Nurhusien Yimer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Md Zuki A Zakaria
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abd Wahid Haron
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abd Salam Babji
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adamu A Abubakar
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Bahaa H Almhanawi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Nowwarote N, Sukarawan W, Kanjana K, Pavasant P, Fournier BPJ, Osathanon T. Interleukin 6 promotes an in vitro mineral deposition by stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180864. [PMID: 30473835 PMCID: PMC6227976 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays various roles including stem cell regulation. The present study investigated the effect of IL-6 on cell proliferation, colony forming unit ability, stem cell marker expression and differentiation ability in stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). We reported that the isolated cells from dental pulp tissues for deciduous teeth expressed CD44, CD90 and CD105 but not CD45. These cells were able to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and neuronal-like cells. IL-6 treatment resulted in the significant increase of NANOG, SOX2 and REX1 mRNA expression. However, IL-6 had no effect on cell proliferation and colony forming unit ability. IL-6 did not alter adipogenic and neurogenic differentiation potency. IL-6 supplementation in osteogenic medium led to a significant increase of mineralization. Furthermore, IL-6 upregulated ALP, ANKH and PIT1 mRNA levels. In conclusion, IL-6 participates in the regulation of pluripotent marker expression and is also involved in mineralization process of SHEDs. Hence, IL-6 could be employed as a supplementary substance in culture medium to maintain stemness and to induce osteogenic induction in SHEDs for future regenerative cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunthawan Nowwarote
- Excellence Center in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Waleerat Sukarawan
- Excellence Center in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kiattipan Kanjana
- Excellence Center in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Excellence Center in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Benjamin P. J. Fournier
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center; Paris-Descartes; Pierre and Marie Curie; Paris, F-75006, France; Faculty of Dentistry, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Excellence Center in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Apatzidou DA, Nile C, Bakopoulou A, Konstantinidis A, Lappin DF. Stem cell-like populations and immunoregulatory molecules in periodontal granulation tissue. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:610-621. [PMID: 29687448 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Determine the presence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in healthy periodontal tissue and periodontal granulation tissue (GT) and explore associations between immuno-regulatory molecules and selected subgingival microorganisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated, propagated and characterised by flow cytometry from a region of healthy gingival tissue and inflamed GT of 10 systemically healthy non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. Tissue levels of immunoregulatory molecules were determined by qPCR and Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) levels by ELISA. Subgingival plaque levels of periodontal pathogens were determined by qPCR RESULTS: Cells with MSC-properties were isolated from both inflamed GT and healthy gingival (G) tissue. A pro-inflammatory process predominated in GT which was partly reflected in GCF and putative periodontal pathogens were higher at diseased sites. However, there was no significant difference in surface levels of mesenchymal (CD90, CD73, CD146, CD271, STRO-1), endothelial (CD105, CD106), hematopoietic (CD34, CD45) and embryonic (SSEA-4) stem cell markers between MSCs isolated from GT and G tissue. CONCLUSION Periodontal lesions, albeit inflamed, retain healing potential as inferred by the presence of MSC-like cells with similar immunophenotypic characteristics to those found in healthy periodontal tissue. Therefore, there might be merits for healing in preserving sufficient GT in-situ during periodontal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Apatzidou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Nile
- Infection and Immunity Research group, Glasgow Dental Hospital & School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Bakopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Konstantinidis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D F Lappin
- Infection and Immunity Research group, Glasgow Dental Hospital & School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Current View on Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Placental Tissues. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:570-85. [PMID: 25381565 PMCID: PMC4493719 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) isolated from human term placental tissues possess unique characteristics, including their peculiar immunomodulatory properties and their multilineage differentiation potential. The osteogenic differentiation capacity of placental MSC has been widely disputed, and continues to be an issue of debate. This review will briefly discuss the different MSC populations which can be obtained from different regions of human term placenta, along with their unique properties, focusing specifically on their osteogenic differentiation potential. We will present the strategies used to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro, such as through the selection of subpopulations more prone to differentiate, the modification of the components of osteo-inductive medium, and even mechanical stimulation. Accordingly, the applications of three-dimensional environments in vitro and in vivo, such as non-synthetic, polymer-based, and ceramic scaffolds, will also be discussed, along with results obtained from pre-clinical studies of placental MSC for the regeneration of bone defects and treatment of bone-related diseases.
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Ulusoy C, Zibandeh N, Yıldırım S, Trakas N, Zisimopoulou P, Küçükerden M, Tașlı H, Tzartos S, Göker K, Tüzün E, Akkoç T. Dental follicle mesenchymal stem cell administration ameliorates muscle weakness in MuSK-immunized mice. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:231. [PMID: 26646841 PMCID: PMC4673854 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), mostly associated with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies. Around 5–10 % of MG patients show antibodies to muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK). Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration has been shown to ameliorate muscle weakness in the experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) model induced by AChR immunization. Methods To investigate the efficacy of stem cell treatment in MuSK-related EAMG, clinical and immunological features of MuSK-immunized mice with or without dental follicle MSC (DFMSC) treatment were compared. Results MuSK-immunized mice intravenously treated with DFMSC after second and third immunizations showed significantly lower EAMG incidence and severity and reduced serum anti-MuSK antibody, NMJ IgG, and C3 deposit levels and CD11b+ lymph node cell ratios. Moreover, lymph node cells of DFMSC-administered mice showed reduced proliferation and IL-6 and IL-12 production responses to MuSK stimulation. By contrast, proportions of B and T cell populations and production of a wide variety of cytokines were not affected from DFMSC treatment. Conclusions Our results suggest that DFMSC treatment shows its beneficial effects mostly through suppression of innate immune system, whereas other immune functions appear to be preserved. Stem cell treatment might thus constitute a specific and effective treatment method in MuSK-associated MG. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0451-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Ulusoy
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Noushin Zibandeh
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Yıldırım
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nikolaos Trakas
- Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Melike Küçükerden
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Tașlı
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Socrates Tzartos
- Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Kamil Göker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Tüzün
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Capa, Turkey.
| | - Tunç Akkoç
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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The Comparison of the Immunologic Properties of Stem Cells Isolated from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth, Dental Pulp, and Dental Follicles. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:4682875. [PMID: 26770205 PMCID: PMC4684887 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4682875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. To compare the effects of various mesenchymal stem cells, those isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), and dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs), on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Method. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from three sources in the orofacial region. Characterization and PCR analyses were performed. Lymphocytes were isolated from healthy peripheral venous blood. Lymphocytes were cocultured with stem cells in the presence and absence of IFN-γ and stimulated with anti-CD2, anti-CD3, and anti-CD28 for 3 days. Then, lymphocyte proliferation, the number of CD4+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells, and the levels of Fas/Fas ligand, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ in the culture supernatant were measured. Results. The DFSCs exhibited an enhanced differentiation capacity and an increased number of CD4+FoxP3+ T lymphocytes and suppressed the proliferation and apoptosis of PBMCs compared with SHEDs and DPSCs. The addition of IFN-γ augmented the proliferation of DFSCs. Furthermore, the DFSCs suppressed IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokine levels and enhanced IL-10 levels compared with the other cell sources. Conclusion. These results suggest that IFN-γ stimulates DFSCs by inducing an immunomodulatory effect on the PBMCs of healthy donors while suppressing apoptosis and proliferation and increasing the number of CD4+FoxP3+ cells.
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Mesenchymal stromal cells from adipose tissue attached to suture material enhance the closure of enterocutaneous fistulas in a rat model. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1709-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Embryonic stem cells conditioned medium enhances Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells expansion under hypoxic condition. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:493-505. [PMID: 25326788 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are accepted as a promising tool for therapeutic purposes. However, low proliferation and early senescence are still main obstacles of MSCs expansion for using as cell-based therapy. Thus, clinical scale of cell expansion is needed to obtain a large number of cells serving for further applications. In this study, we investigated the value of embryonic stem cells conditioned medium (ESCM) for in vitro expansion of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) as compared to typical culture medium for MSCs, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 1.0 g/l glucose (DMEM-LG) supplemented with 10 % FBS, under hypoxic condition. The expanded cells from ESCM (ESCM-MSCs) and DMEM-LG (DMEM-MSCs) were characterized for both phenotype and biological activities including proliferation rate, population doubling time, cell cycle distribution and MSCs characteristics. ESCM and DMEM-LG could enhance WJ-MSCs proliferation as 204.66 ± 10.39 and 113.77 ± 7.89 fold increase at day 12, respectively. ESCM-MSCs could express pluripotency genes including Oct-4, Oct-3/4, Nanog, Klf-4, C-Myc and Sox-2 both in early and late passages whereas the downregulations of Oct-4 and Nanog were detected in late passage cells of DMEM-MSCs. The 2 cell populations also showed common MSCs characteristics including normal cell cycle, fibroblastic morphology, cell surface markers expressions (CD29(+), CD44(+), CD90(+), CD34(-), CD45(-)) and differentiation capacities into adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. Moreover, our results revealed that ESCM exhibited as a rich source of several factors which are required for supportive WJ-MSCs proliferation. In conclusion, ESCM under hypoxic condition could accelerate WJ-MSCs expansion while maintaining their pluripotency properties. Our knowledge provide short term and cost-saving in WJ-MSCs expansion which has benefit to overcome insufficient cell numbers for clinical applications by reusing the discarded cell culture supernates from human ES culture system. Moreover, these findings can also apply for stem cell banking, regenerative medicine and pharmacological applications.
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Abstract
In recent years, a constant growth of knowledge and clinical applications of stem cells have been observed. Mesenchymal stromal cells, also described as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a particular cell type for research and therapy because of their ability to differentiate into mesodermal lineage cells. The most investigated source of MSCs is bone marrow (BM). Yet, collection of BM is an invasive procedure associated with significant discomfort to the patient. The procedure results in a relatively low number of these cells, which can decrease with donor's age. Therefore, it seems to be very important to find other sources of mesenchymal stem cells nowadays. A human placenta, which is routinely discarded postpartum, in spite of its natural aging process, is still a rich source of stem cells capable to proliferate and in vitro differentiate in many directions. Besides homing and differentiation in the area of injury, MSCs there elicit strong paracrine effects stimulating the processes of repair. In this review, we focus on the biology, characteristics and potential clinical applications of cells derived from human fetal membranes: amnion and chorion.
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Phenotypic and functional characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from chorionic villi of human term placenta. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2013; 9:16-31. [PMID: 22628114 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are used extensively in transplantation but their use is associated with many problems including low abundance in BM, low overall number, decreased differentiation potential with age and the invasive isolation procedures needed to obtain BM. We report a novel method of isolating placental MSCs (pMSCs) from chorionic villi, which exhibit the phenotypic and functional characteristics that will make them an attractive source of MSCs for cell-based therapy. METHODS A novel explant approach was used to isolate pMSCs from chorionic villi of human placentae. These pMSCs were characterized by flow cytometry and were differentiated into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes using differentiation medium as demonstrated by cytochemical staining. The gene and protein expression profiles of pMSCs were also characterized using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow cytometry, respectively. In addition, cytokine secretion by pMSCs was also analysed using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Moreover, the migration and proliferation potentials of pMSCs were also determined. RESULTS pMSCs were isolated from fetal part of the chorionic villi and these pMSCs expressed CD44, CD90, CD105, CD146, CD166 and HLA-ABC but not CD14, CD19, CD40, CD45, CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR. In addition, these pMSCs differentiated into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes and they also expressed several adhesion molecules, chemokines/receptors, growth factor receptors and cytokines/receptors. Moreover, they secreted many cytokines (IL-1Ra, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL11 and IL15) and they were able to proliferate. Furthermore, they migrated in response to chemotactic factors including stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). CONCLUSIONS We devised a novel explant method of isolating pMSCs that expressed many biological factors responsible for mediating cellular processes such as migration/homing, immune modulation and angiogenesis. Therefore, we suggest that pMSCs prepared from human term placental chorionic villous explants are an attractive source of MSCs for cell therapy.
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Genbacev O, Lamb JD, Prakobphol A, Donne M, McMaster MT, Fisher SJ. Human trophoblast progenitors: where do they reside? Semin Reprod Med 2013; 31:56-61. [PMID: 23329637 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1331798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In humans, very little is known about the factors that regulate trophoblast (TB) specification, expansion of the initial TB population, and formation of the cytotrophoblast (CTB) populations that populate the chorionic villi. The absence of human trophoblast progenitor cell (hTPC) lines that can be propagated in vitro has been a limiting factor. Because attempts to derive TB stem cells from the trophectoderm of the human blastocyst have so far failed, investigators use alternative systems as cell culture models including TBs derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), immortalized CTBs, and cell lines established from TB tumors. Additionally, the characteristics of mature TBs have been extensively studied using primary cultures of CTBs and explants of placental chorionic villi. However, none of these models can be used to study TB progenitor self-renewal and differentiation. Furthermore, the propagation of human TB progenitors from villous CTBs (vCTBs) has not been achieved. The downregulation of key markers of cell cycle progression in vCTBs by the end of the first trimester of pregnancy may indicate that these cells are not a source of human TB progenitors later in pregnancy. In contrast, mesenchymal cells of the villi and chorion continue to proliferate until the end of pregnancy. We recently reported isolation of continuously self-renewing hTPCs from chorionic mesenchyme and showed that they differentiated into the mature TB cell types of the villi, evidence that they can function as TB progenitors. This new cell culture model enables a molecular analysis of the seminal steps in human TB differentiation that have yet to be studied in humans. In turn, this information can be used to trace the origins of pregnancy complications that are associated with faulty TB growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Genbacev
- Ely and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Enochson L, Sönnergren HH, Mandalia VI, Lindahl A. Bipolar radiofrequency plasma ablation induces proliferation and alters cytokine expression in human articular cartilage chondrocytes. Arthroscopy 2012; 28:1275-82. [PMID: 22480788 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to determine the in vitro effects of plasma-mediated bipolar radiofrequency ablation on human chondrocyte compensatory proliferation and inflammatory mediator expression. METHODS Human articular cartilage biopsy specimens, from total knee replacement, and human chondrocytes in alginate culture, from patients undergoing autologous chondrocyte implantation, were exposed to plasma ablation with a Paragon T2 probe (ArthroCare, Austin, TX). Instantaneous chondrocyte death was investigated with live/dead assays of biopsy specimens and cell cultures. Chondrocyte proliferation was determined by Hoechst staining of DNA on days 3 and 6. Messenger RNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α, high-mobility group protein B1, matrix metalloproteinase 13, type IIA collagen, and versican was determined on days 3 and 6. RESULTS Live/dead imaging showed a well-defined local margin of cell death ranging from 150 to 200 μm deep, both in the alginate gel and in the biopsy specimens exposed to plasma ablation. The ablation-exposed group showed a significant proliferation increase compared with control on day 3 (P < .043). There were significant increases compared with control in IL-6 expression on day 3 (P < .020) and day 6 (P < .045) and in IL-8 expression on day 3 (P < .048). No differences were seen for IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, high-mobility group protein B1, matrix metalloproteinase 13, type II collagen, or versican. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that exposure to plasma-mediated ablation induces a well-defined area of immediate cell death and a short-term increase in proliferation with human articular chondrocytes in vitro. The exposure also alters cytokine expression for the same period, causing upregulation of IL-6 and IL-8. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results show the potential of plasma-mediated ablation to cause the onset of a tissue regeneration response with human articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Enochson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Mechanisms of Edible Bird's Nest Extract-Induced Proliferation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:797520. [PMID: 22110547 PMCID: PMC3206510 DOI: 10.1155/2012/797520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although edible bird's nest (EBN) has been shown to potentiate mitogenic responses, scientific evidence of its efficacy is still limited. In addition, human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are increasingly accepted as a source for stem cell therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the EBN extract (EBNE) on the proliferation of hADSCs and its action mechanisms. We found that EBNE strongly promoted the proliferation of hADSCs. In addition, EBNE-induced proliferation was found to be mediated through the production of IL-6 and VEGF, which was induced by activation of AP-1 and NF-κB. Specially, we found that production of IL-6 and VEGF was induced by EBNE. In addition, EBNE-induced production of IL-6 and VEGF was inhibited by PD98059 (a p44/42 MAPK inhibitor), SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor), and PDTC (a NF-κB inhibitor), but not SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor). Similarly, EBNE-induced proliferation of hADSCs was also attenuated by PD98059, SB203580, and PDTC but not SP600125. Taken together, these findings suggest that the EBNE-induced proliferation of hADSCs primarily occurs through increased expression of IL-6 and VEGF genes, which is mediated by the activation of NF-κB and AP-1 through p44/42 MAPK and p38 MAPK.
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Pricola KL, Kuhn NZ, Haleem-Smith H, Song Y, Tuan RS. Interleukin-6 maintains bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell stemness by an ERK1/2-dependent mechanism. J Cell Biochem 2009; 108:577-88. [PMID: 19650110 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promise for an increasing list of therapeutic uses due to their ease of isolation, expansion, and multi-lineage differentiation potential. To maximize the clinical potential of MSCs, the underlying mechanisms by which MSC functionality is controlled must be understood. We have taken a deconstructive approach to understand the individual components in vitro, namely the role of candidate "stemness" genes. Our recent microarray gene expression profiling data suggest that interleukin-6 (IL-6) may contribute to the maintenance of MSCs in their undifferentiated state. In this study, we showed that IL-6 gene expression is significantly higher in undifferentiated MSCs as compared to their chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic derivatives. Moreover, we found that MSCs secrete copious amounts of IL-6 protein, which decreases dramatically during osteogenic differentiation. We further evaluated the role of IL-6 for maintenance of MSC "stemness," using a series of functional assays. The data showed that IL-6 is both necessary and sufficient for enhanced MSC proliferation, protects MSCs from apoptosis, inhibits adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, and increases the rate of in vitro wound healing of MSCs. We further identified ERK1/2 activation as the key pathway through which IL-6 regulates both MSC proliferation and inhibition of differentiation. Taken together, these findings show for the first time that IL-6 maintains the proliferative and undifferentiated state of bone marrow-derived MSCs, an important parameter for the optimization of both in vitro and in vivo manipulation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Pricola
- Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Ksiazek K. A comprehensive review on mesenchymal stem cell growth and senescence. Rejuvenation Res 2009; 12:105-16. [PMID: 19405814 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2009.0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have generated a great deal of excitement as an attractive alternative to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in cell-based regenerative medicine. In contrast to cells of embryonic origin, however, the clinical application of MSCs is heavily restricted by their finite ability of self-renewal, in which they resemble the rest of the somatic cells. Yet the mechanisms controlling MSC proliferation and senescence remain unclear. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the factors affecting MSC expansion in vitro and discusses the pattern of their senescence with particular emphasis on the role of telomere shortening, activation of effectory pathways, and oxidative stress. The issues associated with MSC growth and senescence will be shown in the context of other somatic cells, and all of the parallels and disparities will be delineated precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Ksiazek
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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Pappa KI, Anagnou NP. Novel sources of fetal stem cells: where do they fit on the developmental continuum? Regen Med 2009; 4:423-33. [PMID: 19438317 DOI: 10.2217/rme.09.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent isolation of fetal stem cells from several sources either at the early stages of development or during the later trimesters of gestation, sharing similar growth kinetics and expressing pluripotency markers, provides strong support to the notion that these cells may be biologically closer to embryonic stem cells, actually representing intermediates between embryonic stem cells and adult mesenchymal stem cells, regarding proliferation rates and plasticity features, and thus able to confer an advantage over postnatal mesenchymal stem cells derived from conventional adult sources such as bone marrow. This conclusion has been strengthened by the different pattern of growth potential between the two stage-specific types of sources, as assessed by transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. A series of recent studies regarding the numerous novel features of fetal stem cells has reignited our interest in the field of stem-cell biology and in the possibilities for the eventual repair of damaged organs and the generation of in vitro tissues on biomimetic scaffolds for transplantation. These studies, employing elegant approaches and novel technologies, have provided new insights regarding the nature and the potential of fetal stem cells derived from placenta, amniotic fluid, amnion or umbilical cord. In this update, we highlight the major progression that has occurred in fetal stem-cell biology and discuss the most important areas for future investigation in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi I Pappa
- First Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Greece.
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Wang FW, Jia DY, Du ZH, Fu J, Zhao SD, Liu SM, Zhang YM, Ling EA, Hao AJ. Roles of activated astrocytes in bone marrow stromal cell proliferation and differentiation. Neuroscience 2009; 160:319-29. [PMID: 19272418 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F-W Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, No.44, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
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Chen CP, Liu SH, Huang JP, Aplin JD, Wu YH, Chen PC, Hu CS, Ko CC, Lee MY, Chen CY. Engraftment potential of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells after in utero transplantation in rats. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:154-165. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Stem cells and cell therapies in lung biology and lung diseases. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2008; 5:637-67. [PMID: 18625757 DOI: 10.1513/pats.200804-037dw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Retroviral-mediated transfer and functional expression of multidrug resistance gene in human placenta mesenchymal stem cells. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200805010-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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