1
|
Shen HH, Zhang YY, Wang XY, Wang CJ, Wang Y, Ye JF, Li MQ. Potential Causal Association between Plasma Metabolites, Immunophenotypes, and Female Reproductive Disorders: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:116. [PMID: 38254716 PMCID: PMC10813709 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While extensive research highlighted the involvement of metabolism and immune cells in female reproductive diseases, causality remains unestablished. METHODS Instrumental variables for 486 circulating metabolites (N = 7824) and 731 immunophenotypes (N = 3757) were derived from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis. FinnGen contributed data on 14 female reproductive disorders. A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study was performed to determine the relationships between exposures and outcomes. The robustness of results, potential heterogeneity, and horizontal pleiotropy were examined through sensitivity analysis. RESULTS High levels of mannose were found to be causally associated with increased risks of gestational diabetes (GDM) (OR [95% CI], 6.02 [2.85-12.73], p = 2.55 × 10-6). A genetically predicted elevation in the relative count of circulating CD28-CD25++CD8+ T cells was causally related to increased female infertility risk (OR [95% CI], 1.26 [1.14-1.40], p = 1.07 × 10-5), whereas a high absolute count of NKT cells reduced the risk of ectopic pregnancy (OR [95% CI], 0.87 [0.82-0.93], p = 5.94 × 10-6). These results remained consistent in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports mannose as a promising GDM biomarker and intervention target by integrating metabolomics and genomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Shen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuan-Yu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, Tuanpo Xinchengxi District, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji’nan 250012, China
| | - Jiang-Feng Ye
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Priya Aarthy A, Sen S, Srinivasan M, Muthukumar S, Madhanraj P, Akbarsha MA, Archunan G. Ectopic pregnancy: search for biomarker in salivary proteome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16828. [PMID: 37803047 PMCID: PMC10558548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is associated with high maternal morbidity and mortality. Ultrasonography is the only dependable diagnostic tool for confirming an ectopic pregnancy. In view of inadequate early detection methods, women suffer from a high-life risk due to the severity of EP. Early detection of EP using pathological/molecular markers will possibly improve clinical diagnosis and patient management. Salivary proteins contain potential biomarkers for diagnosing and detecting various physiological and/or pathological conditions. Therefore, the present investigation was designed to explore the salivary proteome with special reference to EP. Gel-based protein separation was performed on saliva, followed by identification of proteins using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Totally, 326 proteins were identified in the salivary samples, among which 101 were found to be specific for ruptured ectopic pregnancy (EPR). Reactome analysis revealed innate immune system, neutrophil degranulation, cell surface interactions at the vascular wall, and FCERI-mediated NF-kB activation as the major pathways to which the salivary proteins identified during EPR are associated. Glutathione-S-transferase omega-1 (GSTO1) is specific for EPR and has been reported as a candidate biomarker in the serum of EPR patients. Therefore, saliva would be a potential source of diagnostic non-invasive protein biomarker(s) for EP. Intensive investigation on the salivary proteins specific to EP can potentially lead to setting up of a panel of candidate biomarkers and developing a non-invasive protein-based diagnostic kit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archunan Priya Aarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rabindra Nath Tagore Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Deemed University, Chennai, India.
| | - Sangeetha Sen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rabindra Nath Tagore Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mahalingam Srinivasan
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Muthukumar
- Deparment of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Pakirisamy Madhanraj
- Department of Microbiology, Marudupandiyar College, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Abdulkader Akbarsha
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Centre for Alternatives, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchchirappalli, India
- Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchchirappalli, India
| | - Govindaraju Archunan
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Marudupandiyar College, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rigby CH, Aljassim F, Powell SG, Wyatt JN, Hill CJ, Hapangama DK. The immune cell profile of human fallopian tubes in health and benign pathology: a systematic review. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 152:103646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
4
|
Molecular Changes on Maternal-Fetal Interface in Placental Abruption-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126612. [PMID: 34205566 PMCID: PMC8235312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental abruption is the separation of the placenta from the lining of the uterus before childbirth. It is an infrequent perinatal complication with serious after-effects and a marked risk of maternal and fetal mortality. Despite the fact that numerous placental abruption risk factors are known, the pathophysiology of this issue is multifactorial and not entirely clear. The aim of this review was to examine the current state of knowledge concerning the molecular changes on the maternal–fetal interface occurring in placental abruption. Only original research articles describing studies published in English until the 15 March 2021 were considered eligible. Reviews, book chapters, case studies, conference papers and opinions were excluded. The systematic literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases identified 708 articles, 22 of which were analyzed. The available evidence indicates that the disruption of the immunological processes on the maternal–fetal interface plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of placental abruption. The features of chronic non-infectious inflammation and augmented immunological cytotoxic response were found to be present in placental abruption samples in the reviewed studies. Various molecules participate in this process, with only a few being examined. More advanced research is needed to fully explain this complicated process.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ooi ML, Richter K, Bennett C, Macias-Valle L, Vreugde S, Psaltis AJ, Wormald PJ. Topical Colloidal Silver for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:720. [PMID: 29696011 PMCID: PMC5905234 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The management of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is challenged by difficult-to-treat polymicrobial biofilms and multidrug resistant bacteria. This has led to the search for broad-spectrum non-antibiotic antimicrobial therapies. Colloidal silver (CS) has significant antibiofilm activity in vitro and in vivo against S. aureus, MRSA, and P. aeruginosa. However, due to the lack of scientific efficacy, it is only currently used as an alternative medicine. This is the first study looking at the safety and efficacy of CS in recalcitrant CRS. Methods: Patients were included when they had previously undergone endoscopic sinus surgery and presented with signs and symptoms of sinus infection with positive bacterial cultures. Twenty-two patients completed the study. Patients were allocated to 10–14 days of culture directed oral antibiotics with twice daily saline rinses (n = 11) or 10 days of twice daily 0.015 mg/mL CS rinses (n = 11). Safety observations included pre- and post-treatment serum silver levels, University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and adverse event (AE) reporting. Efficacy was assessed comparing microbiology results, Lund Kennedy Scores (LKS) and symptom scores using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). Results: CS demonstrated good safety profile with no major adverse events, no changes in UPSIT and transient serum silver level changes in 4 patients. CS patients had 1/11 (9.09%) negative cultures, compared to 2/11 (18.18%) in the control group upon completion of the study. Whilst not statistically significant, both groups showed similar improvement in symptoms and endoscopic scores. Conclusion: This study concludes that twice daily CS (0.015 mg/mL) sinonasal rinses for 10 days is safe but not superior to culture-directed oral antibiotics. Further studies including more patients and looking at longer treatment or improving the tonicity of the solution for better tolerability should be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mian L Ooi
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katharina Richter
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Biofilm Test Facility, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Catherine Bennett
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Luis Macias-Valle
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Facultad Mexicana de Medicina Universidad La Salle, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Spanish Hospital of Mexico, Granada, Mexico
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alkis J Psaltis
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Basta P, Majka M, Jozwicki W, Lukaszewska E, Knafel A, Grabiec M, Stasienko E, Wicherek L. The frequency of CD25+CD4+ and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in ectopic endometrium and ectopic decidua. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8:116. [PMID: 20923543 PMCID: PMC2958978 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of regulatory T (Treg) cells in human endometrium is crucial for maintaining immunological homeostasis within the uterus. For this study we decided to evaluate the subpopulations of Treg cells in conditions where a disturbance in the immunological equilibrium in ectopic endometrium and decidua has been observed, such as in cases of ovarian endometriosis (involving local immune cell suppression) and ectopic pregnancy (involving an increase in local immune system activity). We then compared these findings to what we observed in the normal eutopic endometrium of women during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle (with immune cells under individual control). METHODS The endometrium tissue samples evaluated in our study were obtained from 47 women during one of two kinds of laparoscopic procedures. 16 of the women underwent laparoscopies due to Fallopian tube pregnancies (EP), and 16 due to ovarian endometrioma, while 15 women made up a control group. The presence of regulatory T cells in these tissue samples was evaluated by FACS. RESULTS In our study, the percentages of FOXP3+ cells within the subpopulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes found in the decidua of the patients treated for Fallopian tube pregnancies were statistically significantly lower than both those observed in the ovarian endometriosis tissue samples and those found in the secretory eutopic endometrium samples of the control group. CONCLUSION The disturbance in the immunological equilibrium observed in ectopic endometrium and decidua would seem to be related to the alteration in the Treg cell population that occurs in these ectopic tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Basta
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology of the Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Gynecology and Oncology Department of the Lukaszczyk Oncological Center and Chair of Gynecology, Oncology and Gynecological Nursing of the Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 2 Romanowskiej Str, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Majka
- Transplantology Department of the Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Jozwicki
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology of the Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Lukaszewska
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology of the Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Knafel
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology of the Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Grabiec
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncological Gynecology of the Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Stasienko
- Gynecology and Oncology Department of the Lukaszczyk Oncological Center and Chair of Gynecology, Oncology and Gynecological Nursing of the Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 2 Romanowskiej Str, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Wicherek
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology of the Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Gynecology and Oncology Department of the Lukaszczyk Oncological Center and Chair of Gynecology, Oncology and Gynecological Nursing of the Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 2 Romanowskiej Str, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dutsch-Wicherek M, Tomaszewska R, Lazar A, Strek P, Wicherek Ł, Piekutowski K, Jóźwicki W. The evaluation of metallothionein expression in nasal polyps with respect to immune cell presence and activity. BMC Immunol 2010; 11:10. [PMID: 20214821 PMCID: PMC2848203 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-11-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of metallothionein (MT) is involved in acquiring resistance to immune-mediated apoptosis; it is also a negative regulator of the immune response. Nasal polyps are typified by a resistance to immune-mediated apoptosis as well as by excessive immune cell infiltration. RCAS1 (receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells) is a membrane protein capable of inducing the apoptosis of CTLs and NK cells. The aim of the present study has been to explore the expression of metallothionein with respect to immune cell presence and immune cell activity. In our study, we identified immune cells using CD4 and CD68 antigen expression and evaluated their activity using CD25 antigen expression. We then analyzed metallothionein, RCAS1, CD25, CD4, and CD68 in a sampling of 50 nasal polyps using the immunohistochemistry method. We were able to divide the nasal polyps into three main groups according to their predominant immune cell infiltration: eosinophilic nasal polyps (21 cases), lymphocytic nasal polyps (17 cases), and neutrophilic nasal polyps (12 cases). RESULTS In the present study, statistically significant differences between the MT expression in the epithelium and that in the stroma of the nasal polyps along with the accompanying alterations in activation markers on immune cells were found and the number of macrophages in both the eosinophilic and the lymphocytic nasal polyps was assessed. RCAS1-expressing macrophages were found only in the eosinophilic nasal polyps. CONCLUSION MT expression seems to favor the survival of nasal polyp epithelial cells in the adjacent area of increasingly cytotoxic immune activity. RCAS1-expressing macrophages seem to participate in creating the immune suppressive microenvironment and so help to sustain local inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dutsch-Wicherek
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, Jagiellonian University, Sniadeckich 2, Krakow 31-531, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Can sonographic endometrial pattern be an early indicator for tubal ectopic pregnancy and related tubal rupture? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2009; 281:189-94. [PMID: 19404658 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-009-1095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aims to determine whether sonographic endometrial pattern can be addressed as an early indicator for tubal ectopic pregnancy and related tubal rupture in case ultrasonography reveals no adnexal mass and maternal serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level is below the discriminatory zone (<or=1,000 mIU/mL). METHODS The study evaluated the endometrial features of 441 naturally conceived and asymptomatic first trimester (99 tubal ectopic, 138 failing and 264 normal intrauterine) with maternal serum beta HCG levels<or=1,000 mIU/mL and indeterminate sonographic findings. RESULTS Tubal ectopic, failing intrauterine and normal intrauterine pregnancies are statistically similar in aspect of endometrial thickness. However, trilaminar endometrial pattern was significantly less frequent in failing and normal intrauterine pregnancies but significantly more frequent in ruptured tubal pregnancies. Also the relative risk of tubal rupture is significantly higher in case of trilaminar endometrial pattern. Trilaminar endometrial pattern has a sensitivity of 21.2%, specificity of 93.9%, positive predictive value of 50.0% and negative predictive value of 80.5% for distinguishing tubal ectopic pregnancy. Moreover, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the same pattern are computed to be 60.0, 95.7, 85.7 and 84.6%, respectively, in the prediction of ruptured tubal pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Sonographic appearance of endometrium may be used to predict tubal pregnancy when ultrasonography shows no adnexal mass and maternal serum HCG<or=1,000 mIU/mL. That is, trilaminar pattern may indicate tubal pregnancy and warn about a possible related rupture in case of previous ectopic pregnancy or pelvic surgery.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wicherek L, Basta P, Pitynski K, Marianowski P, Kijowski J, Wiatr J, Majka M. ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The Characterization of the Subpopulation of Suppressive B7H4+ Macrophages and the Subpopulation of CD25+ CD4+ and FOXP3+ Regulatory T-cells in Decidua during the Secretory Cycle Phase, Arias Stella Reaction, and Spontaneous Abortion - A. Am J Reprod Immunol 2009; 61:303-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2009.00696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
10
|
Galazka K, Pitynski K, Skret-Magierlo J, Mach P, Knafel A, Sikora J, Niemiec T, Dobrogowski J, Basta A, Wicherek L. The increase in metallothionein and ectopic decidual immunoreactivity with respect to the progression of labor at term and the lack of analogical changes in placental abruption. Am J Reprod Immunol 2008; 60:204-13. [PMID: 18782281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The coexistence of immune and decidual cells is related to the development of a resistance to immune-mediated apoptosis in both ectopic and eutopic decidua. This unique feature of endometrial cells seems to be linked with the expression of metallothionein (MT), an inhibitor of apoptosis. METHOD OF STUDY The MT immunoreactivity level was assessed in 82 eutopic (CC) and ectopic (cesarean scar deciduosis - CSD) decidual tissue samples obtained from patients during cesarean sections at term and from patients on whom cesarean sections were performed on account of placental abruption (PA). RESULT Statistically, significantly higher levels of MT immunoreactivity were found in eutopic and ectopic decidua sampled during cesarean sections performed on patients with advanced labor when compared to the levels found in tissues sampled during cesarean sections on patients without labor. No differences were observed in the MT immunoreactivity levels in decidual tissue samples derived from patients who had undergone cesarean sections on account of PA with respect to the progression of labor at the time of the surgical procedure. Statistically, the decidual MT immunoreactivity levels were significantly higher in the PA than the CC subgroups and in the PA than the CSD subgroups correlating with the stage of labor. CONCLUSION MT in decidual cells seems to be responsible for the proper coexistence between decidual cells and activated immune cells that infiltrate both eutopic and ectopic decidua during cesarean section and PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Galazka
- Department of Pathomorphology of the Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wicherek L. ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Alterations in RCAS1 Serum Concentration Levels During the Normal Menstrual Cycle and the Lack of Analogical Changes in Ovarian Endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2008; 59:535-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
12
|
Dutsch-Wicherek M, Wicherek L. ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The Association of RCAS1 Serum Concentration with the Reversibility or Irreversibility of the Process of Immune Cytotoxic Activity Restriction During Normal Menstrual Cycle, Cancer Relapse, and Surgical Treatment for Various Types of Squ. Am J Reprod Immunol 2008; 59:266-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|