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Hamed RS, Naser AI, Al-Allaf LI, Taqa GA. The impact of Lidocaine gel on TNF-α expression in surgically induced oral mucosal ulcers: an immunohistochemical analysis in rabbits. JOURNAL OF ORAL MEDICINE AND ORAL SURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/mbcb/2023001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Besides being a local anesthetic agent lidocaine is a promising anti-inflammatory agent with limited studies on its effect on the mucosa. Aim: Assess the anti-inflammatory effect of lidocaine following surgical induction wound in the oral mucosa as assessed by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 32 albino rabbits that were categorized into 2 equal groups of 16 rabbits: In the control group an oral wound was surgically induced and left without treatment and in the treatment group an oral wound was surgically induced and received topical Lidocaine gel. Euthanasia of animals was carried out on days 1, 3, 7, and 10, and sample sites were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical staining for TNF-α. Results: In the histological observations, it was noticed that the healing process was more rapid and convenient in the test group compared to the control group. For Immunohistochemical assessment, the TNF-α started to express clearly at 1 day and gradually decreased and disappeared at 10 days with a superior effect of the lidocaine group over the control group. Conclusion: Lidocaine seems to have anti-inflammatory reactions by lowering TNF-α levels and preventing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Lee SH, Kim CH, Yoon JY, Choi EJ, Kim MK, Yoon JU, Kim HY, Kim EJ. Lidocaine intensifies the anti-osteogenic effect on inflammation-induced human dental pulp stem cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition. J Dent Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Salehi M, Amiri S, Ilghari D, Hasham LFA, Piri H. The Remarkable Roles of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and Its Soluble Isoforms in COVID-19: The Importance of RAGE Pathway in the Lung Injuries. Indian J Clin Biochem 2022; 38:159-171. [PMID: 35999871 PMCID: PMC9387879 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is associated with accumulation of pre-inflammatory molecules such as advanced glycation end-products (AGES), calprotectin, high mobility group box family-1 (HMGB1), cytokines, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and other molecules in the alveolar space of lungs and plasma. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs), which is mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), plays a critical role in the severity of chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and ARDS. The RAGE gene is most expressed in the alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) of the pulmonary system. Several clinical trials are now being conducted to determine the possible association between the levels of soluble isoforms of RAGE (sRAGE and esRAGE) and the severity of the disease in patients with ARDS and acute lung injury (ALI). In the current article, we reviewed the most recent studies on the RAGE/ligands axis and sRAGE/esRAGE levels in acute respiratory illness, with a focus on COVID-19–associated ARDS (CARDS) patients. According to the research conducted so far, sRAGE/esRAGE measurements in patients with CARDS can be used as a powerful chemical indicator among other biomarkers for assessment of early pulmonary involvement. Furthermore, inhibiting RAGE/MAPK and Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (ATR1) in CARDS patients can be a powerful strategy for diminishing cytokine storm and severe respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Salehi
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shahin Amiri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Ilghari
- Midland Memorial Hospital, 400 Rosalind Redfern Grover Pkwy, Midland, TX 79701 USA
| | | | - Hossein Piri
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Xiang J, Yang Z, Zhou Q. Lidocaine relieves murine allergic rhinitis by regulating the NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:193. [PMID: 35126696 PMCID: PMC8794549 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases and its main feature is nasal mucositis. It has been recently revealed that lidocaine demonstrates optimal effects in the treatment of various diseases. However, a limited number of studies have examined the association between lidocaine and AR. In the present study, the AR mouse model was established to explore the effects of lidocaine in AR and to further analyze its molecular mechanism. Subsequently, different concentrations of lidocaine were provided to the animals by intranasal administration and a series of indices were assessed. The data indicated that the frequencies of mouse sneezing and nose rubbing were suppressed following an increase in lidocaine concentration. Subsequently, the number of inflammatory cells was measured. Wright's-Giemsa staining results indicated that lidocaine significantly decreased the numbers of leukocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in the nasal lavage fluid (NLF) of AR mice. In addition, the expression levels of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and certain inflammatory factors were assessed by ELISA. Lidocaine reduced OVA-specific IgE and LTC4 expression in NLF and plasma derived from AR mice. It also decreased the expression levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17 and TNF-α. Lidocaine caused upregulation of IFN-γ and IL-2 expression levels. Subsequently, western blot analysis indicated that lidocaine suppressed phosphorylated (p)-p38 and p-p65 expression levels in AR mice. Collectively, the results indicated that the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were involved in the lidocaine-mediated relief of AR in mice. In order to further verify the association between the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways and AR in mice, the effects of the NF-κB inhibitor IMD-0354 and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580 were assessed on AR mice. The results indicated that these two compounds exhibited similar inhibitory effects on AR mice as those noted with the use of lidocaine. These findings suggested that lidocaine represented a novel therapeutic agent for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Liu L, Xing W, Sun Y. Anesthetics mediated the immunomodulatory effects via regulation of TLR signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108357. [PMID: 34785143 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anesthetics have been widely used in surgery and found to suppress inflammatory injury and affect the outcomes of the surgery and diseases. In contrast, anesthetics are also found to induce neuronal injury and inflammation. However, the immune-modulation mechanism of anesthetics is still not clear. Recent studies have shown that the immune-modulation of anesthetics is associated with the regulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signaling. Moreover, the regulation of anesthetics in TLR signaling is related to modulations of non-coding RNAs (nc RNAs). Consistently, nc RNAs are mainly divided into micro RNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lnc RNAs), which have been found to exert regulatory effects on the immune system. In this review, we summarize the immunomodulatory functions of the widely used anesthetic agents, which are associated with regulation of TLR signaling. In addition, we also focus on the roles of nc RNAs induced by anesthetics in regulations of TLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Wanying Xing
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
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Hasan D, Shono A, van Kalken CK, van der Spek PJ, Krenning EP, Kotani T. A novel definition and treatment of hyperinflammation in COVID-19 based on purinergic signalling. Purinergic Signal 2021; 18:13-59. [PMID: 34757513 PMCID: PMC8578920 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperinflammation plays an important role in severe and critical COVID-19. Using inconsistent criteria, many researchers define hyperinflammation as a form of very severe inflammation with cytokine storm. Therefore, COVID-19 patients are treated with anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs appear to be less efficacious than expected and are sometimes accompanied by serious adverse effects. SARS-CoV-2 promotes cellular ATP release. Increased levels of extracellular ATP activate the purinergic receptors of the immune cells initiating the physiologic pro-inflammatory immune response. Persisting viral infection drives the ATP release even further leading to the activation of the P2X7 purinergic receptors (P2X7Rs) and a severe yet physiologic inflammation. Disease progression promotes prolonged vigorous activation of the P2X7R causing cell death and uncontrolled ATP release leading to cytokine storm and desensitisation of all other purinergic receptors of the immune cells. This results in immune paralysis with co-infections or secondary infections. We refer to this pathologic condition as hyperinflammation. The readily available and affordable P2X7R antagonist lidocaine can abrogate hyperinflammation and restore the normal immune function. The issue is that the half-maximal effective concentration for P2X7R inhibition of lidocaine is much higher than the maximal tolerable plasma concentration where adverse effects start to develop. To overcome this, we selectively inhibit the P2X7Rs of the immune cells of the lymphatic system inducing clonal expansion of Tregs in local lymph nodes. Subsequently, these Tregs migrate throughout the body exerting anti-inflammatory activities suppressing systemic and (distant) local hyperinflammation. We illustrate this with six critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with lidocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsuko Shono
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | | | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Toru Kotani
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
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Karnina R, Arif SK, Hatta M, Bukhari A, Natzir R, Hisbullah, Patellongi I, Kaelan C. Systemic lidocaine administration influences NF-kβ gene expression, NF-kβ and TNF- α protein levels on BALB/c mice with musculoskeletal injury. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 69:102660. [PMID: 34429946 PMCID: PMC8365316 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune system can produce various inflammatory mediators to protect the body from stress and surgical trauma. However, this excessive inflammatory response will interfere with the body's immune system, causing systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multi-organ failure if allowed to continue. Lidocaine as an anti-inflammatory is used to treat surgical pain and pain arising from the disease process and treat ventricular arrhythmias. This study aims to prove the efficacy of systemic lidocaine injection as an anti-inflammatory drug in BALB/c mice with sterile musculoskeletal injuries. Methods This study used a prospective experimental laboratory study on experimental animals of BALB/c mice using a simple randomized design. Sixteen adult white BALB/c mice (male, healthy, 10-12 weeks old, 35-40 g body weight, and no disability) were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the group given lidocaine (2 mg/kg body weight) and a group that was given sterile distilled water. NF-kβ and TNF-α protein levels were detected by ELISA, while mRNA expression of NF-kβ was analyzed and determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Musculoskeletal injury significantly increased the expression of both mRNA and protein levels of NF-kβ and TNF-α protein level. In addition, the NF-kβ (protein and mRNA) and TNF-α (protein) levels in rats experiencing inflammation due to musculoskeletal injury were significantly decreased in the lidocaine group (p < 0.001). Conclusions The administration of systemic lidocaine injection was able to inhibit the expression of mRNA NF-kβ, the protein levels of NF-kβ, and protein levels of TNF-α in mice with musculoskeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resiana Karnina
- Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.,Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Syafri Kamsul Arif
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Agussalim Bukhari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Rosdiana Natzir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Hisbullah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Ilhamjaya Patellongi
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Cahyono Kaelan
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
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Wang HW, Hu YJ, Wang GL. Effect of Lidocaine Pre-Treatment on Protamine-Induced Pulmonary Vascular Reaction During the Repair of Congenital Heart Disease. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:2249-2258. [PMID: 34113154 PMCID: PMC8184247 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s314541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protamine is a polycationic, and a strong basic peptide isolated from Clupeidae or Salmonidae fishes’ sperm, which is rich in arginine and highly alkaline. Objective To explore the effect of lidocaine pre-treatment on protamine-induced pulmonary vascular reaction during the repair of congenital heart disease. Methods Eighty patients undergoing repair of congenital heart disease were randomly divided into four groups: A1 (non-pulmonary hypertension + lidocaine pre-treatment) group, A2 (non-pulmonary hypertension + normal saline) group, B1 (pulmonary hypertension + lidocaine pre-treatment) group, and B2 (pulmonary hypertension + normal saline) group. Hemodynamic parameters, pulmonary inflammation, and pulmonary function were assessed at six intraoperative time points, two intraoperative time points and three intraoperative time points, respectively. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A2 group exhibited increased PAP, Paw, RI and A-aDO2. B2 group exhibited increased Paw, RI and A-aDO2 and decreased Cydn and OI after protamine administration. These changes were not observed in A1 and B1 group. Compared with A1 and B1 groups, plasma TXB2 level in A2 and B2 group was higher, but 6-keto-PGF1a in A2 and B2 groups was lower. Incidence of protamine adverse reactions in A1 and B1 group was lower than that in A2 and B2 group. Conclusion Precondition of lidocaine before neutralization of heparin may be effective for protamine-induced pulmonary vascular reaction during CHD repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jin Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Lin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300074, People's Republic of China
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Boswell MR, Moman RN, Burtoft M, Gerdes H, Martinez J, Gerberi DJ, Wittwer E, Murad MH, Hooten WM. Lidocaine for postoperative pain after cardiac surgery: a systematic review. J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 16:157. [PMID: 34059093 PMCID: PMC8166031 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-021-01549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lidocaine is one of the most widely used local anesthetics with well-known pharmacological properties. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the effects of lidocaine on postoperative pain scores and recovery after cardiac surgery. METHODS A comprehensive database search was conducted by a reference librarian for randomized clinical trials (RCT) from January 1, 1980 to September 1, 2019. Eligible study designs included randomized controlled trials of lidocaine for postoperative pain management in adults undergoing cardiac surgery. After removal of duplicates, 947 records were screened for eligibility and 3 RCTs met inclusion criteria. RESULTS Sources of bias were identified in 2 of 3 RCTs. Lidocaine was administered intravenously, topically, and intrapleurally. Key findings included [1] 2% lidocaine placed topically on chest tube prior to intraoperative insertion was associated with significantly lower pain scores and lower cumulative doses of fentanyl; and [2] 2% lidocaine administered intrapleurally was associated with significantly lower pain scores and significant improvements in pulmonary mechanics. Lidocaine infusions were not associated with significant changes in pain scores or measures of recovery. No significant associations were observed between lidocaine and overall mortality, hospital length of stay or ICU length of stay. No data were reported for postoperative nausea and vomiting or arrhythmias. CONCLUSIONS Due to the favorable risk profile of topical lidocaine and the need for further advancements in the postoperative care of adults after cardiac surgery, topically administered lidocaine could be considered for incorporation into established postoperative recovery protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Boswell
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Rajat N Moman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Melissa Burtoft
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Harrison Gerdes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Jacob Martinez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | | | - Erica Wittwer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - M Hassan Murad
- Division of Preventative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - W Michael Hooten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA. .,Division of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Dobson GP, Biros E, Letson HL, Morris JL. Living in a Hostile World: Inflammation, New Drug Development, and Coronavirus. Front Immunol 2021; 11:610131. [PMID: 33552070 PMCID: PMC7862725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a brief history of the immune response and show that Metchnikoff's theory of inflammation and phagocytotic defense was largely ignored in the 20th century. For decades, the immune response was believed to be triggered centrally, until Lafferty and Cunningham proposed the initiating signal came from the tissues. This shift opened the way for Janeway's pattern recognition receptor theory, and Matzinger's danger model. All models failed to appreciate that without inflammation, there can be no immune response. The situation changed in the 1990s when cytokine biology was rapidly advancing, and the immune system's role expanded from host defense, to the maintenance of host health. An inflammatory environment, produced by immune cells themselves, was now recognized as mandatory for their attack, removal and repair functions after an infection or injury. We explore the cellular programs of the immune response, and the role played by cytokines and other mediators to tailor the right response, at the right time. Normally, the immune response is robust, self-limiting and restorative. However, when the antigen load or trauma exceeds the body's internal tolerances, as witnessed in some COVID-19 patients, excessive inflammation can lead to increased sympathetic outflows, cardiac dysfunction, coagulopathy, endothelial and metabolic dysfunction, multiple organ failure and death. Currently, there are few drug therapies to reduce excessive inflammation and immune dysfunction. We have been developing an intravenous (IV) fluid therapy comprising adenosine, lidocaine and Mg2+ (ALM) that confers a survival advantage by preventing excessive inflammation initiated by sepsis, endotoxemia and sterile trauma. The multi-pronged protection appears to be unique and may provide a tool to examine the intersection points in the immune response to infection or injury, and possible ways to prevent secondary tissue damage, such as that reported in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey P. Dobson
- Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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11
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Jiang R, Liao J, Yang MC, Deng J, Hu YX, Li P, Li MT. Lidocaine mediates the progression of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:548. [PMID: 32411771 PMCID: PMC7214891 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Lidocaine is a commonly used local anesthetic, and low-dose lidocaine has neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury; the mechanism for this, however, is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and the possible mechanisms of lidocaine on CI/R injury in rats. Methods We constructed a rat (male Sprague-Dawley rats, 6–8 weeks old) model of CI/R injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Histopathology, neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting, respectively. In addition, brain water content, infarct volume, neurological deficit score each evaluated. Results The findings showed that lidocaine improved spatial learning and memory impairment, protected I/R-induced brain injury and attenuated neuronal death and apoptosis. Furthermore, lidocaine also regulated the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), IL-6, IL-10, iNOS, and IL-4.Notably, lidocaine markedly inhibited the expression of p65 and p38. Conclusions The results indicate that lidocaine protects against cerebral injury induced by I/R in rats via the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, it provided a candidate for the treatment of CI/R-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Meng-Chang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jia Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yun-Xia Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Mei-Ting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
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12
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Kostakoglu U, Topcu A, Atak M, Tumkaya L, Mercantepe T, Uydu HA. The protective effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor against cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis via oxidative stress and inflammation. Life Sci 2019; 241:117051. [PMID: 31733315 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sepsis is a severe public health problem affecting millions of individuals, with global mortality rates caused by lower respiratory tract infections are approximately 2.38 million people a year die from respiratory failure caused by infection. Although ACE is known to contribute to damage in septicemia, the pathophysiological mechanisms of sepsis remain unclear. While mortality can be significantly reduced through effective and sensitive antibiotic therapy, antibiotic resistance restricts the use of these drugs, and the investigation of novel agents and targets is therefore essential. Our aim was to determine whether Perindopril (PER) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capable of preventing these adverse conditions resulting in injury in previous studies. MAIN METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into the control group, received oral saline solution alone for four days. the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, underwent only cecal ligation and puncture induced sepsis, while the CLP + PER (2 mg/kg) underwent cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis together with oral administration of 2 mg/kg PER for four days before induction of sepsis. KEY FINDINGS Malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kβ/p65) levels increased in the CLP group. On the other hand, PER (2 mg/kg) oral administration to septic rats decreased MDA, TNF-α and increase glutathione (GSH) in the lung tissue. In addition, PER administration also decreased the lung tissue NF-κB and Caspase-3 immunopositivity against sepsis. SIGNIFICANCE PER treatment may represent a promising means of preventing sepsis-induced lung injury via antioxidant and anti-inflammation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Kostakoglu
- Department of Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Topcu
- Department of Pharmacology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Medicine, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Atak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Avni Uydu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
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Dernek B, Aydin T, Koseoglu PK, Kesiktas FN, Yesilyurt T, Diracoglu D, Aksoy C. Comparison of the efficacy of lidocaine and betamethasone dipropionate in carpal tunnel syndrome injection. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2017; 30:435-440. [PMID: 28035909 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-150477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a commonly seen peripheral nerve mononeuropathy. Corticosteroid injection within the carpal tunnel is among the conservative treatment options. The exact mechanism of action of steroids is not fully clear; decreased inflammation surrounding nerves or tendons is thought to be the main effect. Lidocaine has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects on certain cells (monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils etc.). The aim of this study is to evaulate the efficacy of lidocaine treatment as a alternative to corticosteroid treatment in carpal tunnel syndrome. METHODS A total of 67 carpal tunnel syndrome patients who were diagnosed with physical examination and EMG were evaluated. Twenty-nine patients received a mixture of normal saline solution and lidocaine (0.5 cc of normal saline solution and 0.5 cc of lidocaine) while 38 patients were administered betamethasone dipropionate (1 cc). Quick DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were noted in 1st, 3rd and 6th month follow-ups. RESULTS There were no significant difference between saline solution + Lidocaine group and betamethasone dipropionate groups; initial, 1st, 3rd and 6th month VAS scores and QDASH scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Considering the potential side effects of corticosteroid, lidocaine injection is a good alternative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome instead of corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Dernek
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Clinic, Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Aydin
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Clinic, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Kursuz Koseoglu
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Clinic, Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nur Kesiktas
- Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Yesilyurt
- Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Demirhan Diracoglu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Aksoy
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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RAGE deficiency attenuates the protective effect of Lidocaine against sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Inflammation 2017; 40:601-611. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ferreira LEN, Muniz BV, dos Santos CP, Volpato MC, de Paula E, Groppo FC. Comparison of liposomal and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin–lidocaine on cell viability and inflammatory response in human keratinocytes and gingival fibroblasts. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 68:791-802. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to observe the effect multilamellar liposomes (MLV) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) in the in-vitro effects of lidocaine in cell viability, pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 release of both human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and gingival fibroblasts (HGF) cells.
Methods
HaCaT and HGF cells were exposed to lidocaine 100–1 μm in plain, MLV and HP-β-CD formulations for 6 h or 24 h. The formulation effects in cell viability were measured by XTT assay and by fluorescent labelling. Cytokines (IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α) and PGE2 release were quantified by ELISA.
Key findings
MLV and HP-β-CD formulations did not affect the HaCaT viability, which was significantly decreased by plain lidocaine after 24 h of exposure. Both drug carriers increased all cytokines released by HGF after 24-h exposure, and none of the carriers was able to reduce the PGE2 release induced by lidocaine.
Conclusion
The effect of drug carrier in the lidocaine effects was dependent on the cell type, concentration and time of exposure. MLV and HP-β-CD showed benefits in improving cell viability; however, both of them showed a tendency to increase cytokine release when compared to the plain solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Eduardo Nunes Ferreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Vilela Muniz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Pita dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Volpato
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eneida de Paula
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Carlos Groppo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jeon YT, Na H, Ryu H, Chung Y. Modulation of Dendritic Cell Activation and Subsequent Th1 Cell Polarization by Lidocaine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139845. [PMID: 26445366 PMCID: PMC4596553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells play an essential role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity by recognizing cellular stress including pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns and by shaping the types of antigen-specific T cell immunity. Although lidocaine is widely used in clinical settings that trigger cellular stress, it remains unclear whether such treatment impacts the activation of innate immune cells and subsequent differentiation of T cells. Here we showed that lidocaine inhibited the production of IL–6, TNFα and IL–12 from dendritic cells in response to toll-like receptor ligands including lipopolysaccharide, poly(I:C) and R837 in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, the differentiation of Th1 cells was significantly suppressed by the addition of lidocaine while the same treatment had little effect on the differentiation of Th17, Th2 and regulatory T cells in vitro. Moreover, lidocaine suppressed the ovalbumin-specific Th1 cell responses in vivo induced by the adoptive transfer of ovalbumin-pulsed dendritic cells. These results demonstrate that lidocaine inhibits the activation of dendritic cells in response to toll-like receptor signals and subsequently suppresses the differentiation of Th1 cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Tae Jeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongjin Na
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeju Ryu
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Borgeat A, Schick C, Votta-Velis G. Pharmacologic Factors: Anaesthetic Agents that May Influence Cancer Outcomes: Local Anaesthetics. CURRENT ANESTHESIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40140-015-0112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Granfeldt A, Letson HL, Dobson GP, Shi W, Vinten-Johansen J, Tønnesen E. Adenosine, lidocaine and Mg2+ improves cardiac and pulmonary function, induces reversible hypotension and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in an endotoxemic porcine model. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:682. [PMID: 25497775 PMCID: PMC4301798 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The combination of Adenosine (A), lidocaine (L) and Mg2+ (M) (ALM) has demonstrated cardioprotective and resuscitative properties in models of cardiac arrest and hemorrhagic shock. This study evaluates whether ALM also demonstrates organ protective properties in an endotoxemic porcine model. Methods Pigs (37 to 42 kg) were randomized into: 1) Control (n = 8) or 2) ALM (n = 8) followed by lipopolysaccharide infusion (1 μg∙kg-1∙h-1) for five hours. ALM treatment consisted of 1) a high dose bolus (A (0.82 mg/kg), L (1.76 mg/kg), M (0.92 mg/kg)), 2) one hour continuous infusion (A (300 μg∙kg-1 ∙min-1), L (600 μg∙kg-1 ∙min-1), M (336 μg∙kg-1 ∙min-1)) and three hours at a lower dose (A (240∙kg-1∙min-1), L (480 μg∙kg-1∙min-1), M (268 μg∙kg-1 ∙min-1)); controls received normal saline. Hemodynamic, cardiac, pulmonary, metabolic and renal functions were evaluated. Results ALM lowered mean arterial pressure (Mean value during infusion period: ALM: 47 (95% confidence interval (CI): 44 to 50) mmHg versus control: 79 (95% CI: 75 to 85) mmHg, P <0.0001). After cessation of ALM, mean arterial pressure immediately increased (end of study: ALM: 88 (95% CI: 81 to 96) mmHg versus control: 86 (95% CI: 79 to 94) mmHg, P = 0.72). Whole body oxygen consumption was significantly reduced during ALM infusion (ALM: 205 (95% CI: 192 to 217) ml oxygen/min versus control: 231 (95% CI: 219 to 243) ml oxygen/min, P = 0.016). ALM treatment reduced pulmonary injury evaluated by PaO2/FiO2 ratio (ALM: 388 (95% CI: 349 to 427) versus control: 260 (95% CI: 221 to 299), P = 0.0005). ALM infusion led to an increase in heart rate while preserving preload recruitable stroke work. Creatinine clearance was significantly lower during ALM infusion but reversed after cessation of infusion. ALM reduced tumor necrosis factor-α peak levels (ALM 7121 (95% CI: 5069 to 10004) pg/ml versus control 11596 (95% CI: 9083 to 14805) pg/ml, P = 0.02). Conclusion ALM infusion induces a reversible hypotensive and hypometabolic state, attenuates tumor necrosis factor-α levels and improves cardiac and pulmonary function, and led to a transient drop in renal function that was reversed after the treatment was stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asger Granfeldt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44 building 21 1st floor 8000, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Regional Hospital of Randers, Skovlyvej 1, 8930, Randers, Denmark.
| | - Hayley L Letson
- Heart, Trauma & Sepsis Research Laboratory, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Pharmacy and Medical Research Building 47, Rm 113B, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Geoffrey P Dobson
- Heart, Trauma & Sepsis Research Laboratory, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Pharmacy and Medical Research Building 47, Rm 113B, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Wei Shi
- The Cardiothoracic Research Laboratory, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 387 Technology Circle Suite 180, Atlanta, Georgia 30313, USA.
| | - Jakob Vinten-Johansen
- The Cardiothoracic Research Laboratory, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 387 Technology Circle Suite 180, Atlanta, Georgia 30313, USA.
| | - Else Tønnesen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44 building 21 1st floor 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Endothelial barrier protection by local anesthetics: ropivacaine and lidocaine block tumor necrosis factor-α-induced endothelial cell Src activation. Anesthesiology 2014; 120:1414-28. [PMID: 24525631 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction mediated in part by Src-kinase activation plays a crucial role in acute inflammatory disease. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), activate Src via phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt-dependent nitric oxide generation, a process initiated by recruitment of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit p85 to TNF-receptor-1. Because amide-linked local anesthetics have well-established anti-inflammatory effects, the authors hypothesized that ropivacaine and lidocaine attenuate inflammatory Src signaling by disrupting the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase-Akt-nitric oxide pathway, thus blocking Src-dependent neutrophil adhesion and endothelial hyperpermeability. METHODS Human lung microvascular endothelial cells, incubated with TNFα in the absence or presence of clinically relevant concentrations of ropivacaine and lidocaine, were analyzed by Western blot, probing for phosphorylated/activated Src, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Akt, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and caveolin-1. The effect of ropivacaine on TNFα-induced nitric oxide generation, co-immunoprecipitation of TNF-receptor-1 with p85, neutrophil adhesion, and endothelial barrier disruption were assessed. RESULTS Ropivacaine and lidocaine attenuated TNFα-induced Src activation (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 8.611 × 10 M for ropivacaine; IC50 = 5.864 × 10 M for lidocaine) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation (IC50 = 7.572 × 10 M for ropivacaine; IC50 = 6.377 × 10 M for lidocaine). Akt activation (n = 7; P = 0.006) and stimulus-dependent binding of TNF-receptor-1 and p85 (n = 6; P = 0.043) were blocked by 1 nM of ropivacaine. TNFα-induced neutrophil adhesion and disruption of endothelial monolayers via Src-dependent intercellular adhesion molecule-1- and caveolin-1-phosphorylation, respectively, were also attenuated. CONCLUSIONS Ropivacaine and lidocaine effectively blocked inflammatory TNFα signaling in endothelial cells by attenuating p85 recruitment to TNF-receptor-1. The resultant decrease in Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and Src phosphorylation reduced neutrophil adhesion and endothelial hyperpermeability. This novel anti-inflammatory "side-effect" of ropivacaine and lidocaine may provide therapeutic benefit in acute inflammatory disease.
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Yuan T, Li Z, Li X, Yu G, Wang N, Yang X. Lidocaine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in microglia. J Surg Res 2014; 192:150-62. [PMID: 24952412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lidocaine has been used as a local anesthetic with anti-inflammatory properties, but its effects on neuroinflammation have not been well defined. In the present study, we investigated the prophylactic effects of lidocaine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia and explored the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microglial cells were incubated with or without 1 μg/mL LPS in the presence or absence of lidocaine, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor (SB203580), a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate), or small interfering RNA. The protein and expression levels of inflammatory mediators, such as monocyte chemotactic protein 1, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, interleukin 1β, and tumor necrosis factor α were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effect of lidocaine on NF-κB and p38 MAPK activation was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Western blot analysis, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS Lidocaine (≥2 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the release and expression of nitric oxide, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, prostaglandin E2, interleukin 1β, and tumor necrosis factor α in LPS-activated microglia. Treatment with lidocaine also significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p50/p65, increased the protein levels of inhibitor kappa B-α. Furthermore, our study shows that the LPS-induced release of inflammatory mediators was suppressed by SB203580, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and small interfering RNA. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic treatment with lidocaine inhibits LPS-induced release of inflammatory mediators from microglia, and these effects may be mediated by blockade of p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinbai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Gaoqi Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xige Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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The protective effect of lidocaine on septic rats via the inhibition of high mobility group box 1 expression and NF-κB activation. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:570370. [PMID: 24371375 PMCID: PMC3858876 DOI: 10.1155/2013/570370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lidocaine, a common local anesthetic drug, has anti-inflammatory effects. It has demonstrated a protective effect in mice from septic peritonitis. However, it is unknown whether lidocaine has effects on high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a key mediator of inflammation. In this study, we investigated the effect of lidocaine treatment on serum HMGB1 level and HMGB1 expression in liver, lungs, kidneys, and ileum in septic rats induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We found that acute organ injury induced by CLP was mitigated by lidocaine treatment and organ function was significantly improved. The data also demonstrated that lidocaine treatment raised the survival of septic rats. Furthermore, lidocaine suppressed the level of serum HMGB1, the expression of HMGB1, and the activation of NF-κB p65 in liver, kidneys, lungs, and ileum. Taken together, these results suggest that lidocaine treatment exerts its protective effection on CLP-induced septic rats. The mechanism was relative to the inhibitory effect of lidocaine on the mRNA expression level of HMGB1 in multiple organs, release of HMGB1 to plasma, and activation of NF-κB.
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VOTTA-VELIS EG, PIEGELER T, MINSHALL RD, AGUIRRE J, BECK-SCHIMMER B, SCHWARTZ DE, BORGEAT A. Regional anaesthesia and cancer metastases: the implication of local anaesthetics. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2013; 57:1211-29. [PMID: 24134442 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and basic science studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of local anaesthetics. Recent studies have begun to unravel molecular pathways linking inflammation and cancer. Regional anaesthesia is associated in some retrospective clinical studies with reduced risk of metastasis and increased long-term survival. The potential beneficial effects of regional anaesthesia have been attributed mainly to the inhibition of the neuroendocrine stress response to surgery and to the reduction in the requirements of volatile anaesthetics and opioids. Because cancer is linked to inflammation and local anaesthetics have anti-inflammatory effects, these agents may participate in reducing the risk of metastasis, but their mechanism of action is unknown. We demonstrated in vitro that amide local anaesthetics attenuate tumour cell migration as well as signalling pathways enhancing tumour growth and metastasis. This has provided the first evidence of a molecular mechanism by which regional anaesthesia might inhibit or reduce cancer metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. G. VOTTA-VELIS
- Department of Anaesthesiology; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago IL USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago IL USA
| | - T. PIEGELER
- Department of Anaesthesiology; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago IL USA
- Institute of Anaesthesiology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - R. D. MINSHALL
- Department of Anaesthesiology; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago IL USA
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago IL USA
- Center for Lung and Vascular Biology; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago IL USA
| | - J. AGUIRRE
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Balgrist University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - B. BECK-SCHIMMER
- Institute of Anaesthesiology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - D. E. SCHWARTZ
- Department of Anaesthesiology; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago IL USA
| | - A. BORGEAT
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Balgrist University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Jiao Q, Wang H, Hu Z, Zhuang Y, Yang W, Li M, Yu X, Liang J, Guo Y, Zhang H, Chen X, Cheng R, Yao Z. Lidocaine inhibits staphylococcal enterotoxin-stimulated activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 305:629-36. [PMID: 23589093 PMCID: PMC3751229 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory, chronically relapsing, pruritic skin disease and lesions associated with AD are frequently colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Activation of T cells by staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. Previous studies have demonstrated that lidocaine could attenuate allergen-induced T cell proliferation and cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from asthma patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lidocaine on SE-stimulated activation of PBMCs from AD patients. PBMCs were isolated from ten AD patients and stimulated by staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) or staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in the presence or absence of lidocaine in various concentrations. Cellular proliferation and the release of representative TH1- and TH2-type cytokines were measured. The effect of lidocaine on filaggrin (FLG) expression in HaCaT cells co-cultured with SE-activated PBMCs was also examined. Our results demonstrated that lidocaine dose-dependently inhibited the proliferative response and the release of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α, and IFN-γ from SEA- and SEB-stimulated PBMCs and also blocked the down-regulation of FLG expression in HaCaT cells co-cultured with SEA- and SEB-activated PBMCs. These results indicate that lidocaine inhibited SEA- and SEB-stimulated activation of PBMCs from patients with AD. Our findings encourage the use of lidocaine in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Jiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
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Arda-Pirincci P, Oztay F, Bayrak BB, Yanardag R, Bolkent S. Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue: a novel protective agent with anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant properties in mice with lung injury. Peptides 2012; 38:238-47. [PMID: 23059393 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Teduglutide is a long-acting synthetic analogue of human glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2). GLP-2 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as normal physiology in the gastrointestinal tract. In the present study, possible cytoprotective and reparative effects of teduglutide were analyzed on a mouse model with lung injury induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and actinomycin D (Act D). BALB/c mice were divided into six groups: control mice (I), mice injected intraperitoneally with 15 μg/kg TNF-α (II), 800 μg/kg Act D (III), Act D 2 min prior to TNF-α administration with the same doses (IV), mice injected subcutaneously with 200 μg/kg teduglutide every 12h for 10 consecutive days (V), and mice given Act D 2 min prior to TNF-α administration on day 11 after receiving teduglutide for 10 days (VI). The TNF-α/Act D administration made the lung a sensitive organ to damage. Mice lung subjected to TNF-α/Act D were characterized by the disruption of alveolar wall, induced pulmonary endothelial/epithelial cell apoptosis and expression of active caspase-3. These mice exhibited an increase in lipid peroxidation, glutathione levels, and activities of myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and xanthine oxidase, as well as reduced tissue factor and sodium-potassium/ATPase activities. Teduglutide pretreatment regressed the structural damage, cell apoptosis and oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation in mice received TNF-α/Act D. GLP-2 receptors were present on the cell membrane of type II pneumocytes and interstitial cells. Thus, teduglutide can be suggested as a novel protective agent, which possesses anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant properties, against lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Arda-Pirincci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Wang HL, Zhang WH, Lei WF, Zhou CQ, Ye T. The Inhibitory Effect of Lidocaine on the Release of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages. Anesth Analg 2011; 112:839-44. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31820dca9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kim JE, Kim KJ, Ahn W, Han KS, Kim HK. Local Anesthetics Inhibit Tissue Factor Expression in Activated Monocytes via Inhibition of Tissue Factor mRNA Synthesis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2010; 17:E4-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029610378500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Local anesthetics have been reported to have anticoagulant properties, but the mechanisms responsible for this action are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the in vitro effects of 3 local anesthetics—lidocaine, ropivacaine, and bupivacaine—on the tissue factor expression by monocytes. Monocytes from peripheral blood were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of local anesthetics. All 3 local anesthetics inhibited the expression of tissue factor antigen and tissue factor activity in LPS-stimulated monocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and reduced tissue factor messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in endothelial cells and a monocytic cell line. None of the 3 drugs induced apoptosis or affected the viability of monocytes. Our findings that local anesthetics inhibited the tissue factor induction in activated monocytes by inhibiting tissue factor mRNA level may demonstrate the feasibility of using local anesthetics in hypercoagulable and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Jun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonsik Ahn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyou-Sup Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Toll-like receptor 4 modulation as a strategy to treat sepsis. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010:568396. [PMID: 20396414 PMCID: PMC2855078 DOI: 10.1155/2010/568396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a decrease in mortality over the last decade, sepsis remains the tenth leading causes of death in western countries and one of the most common cause of death in intensive care units. The recent discovery of Toll-like receptors and their downstream signalling pathways allowed us to better understand the pathophysiology of sepsis-related disorders. Particular attention has been paid to Toll-like receptor 4, the receptor for Gram-negative bacteria outer membrane lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin. Since most of the clinical trial targeting single inflammatory cytokine in the treatment of sepsis failed, therapeutic targeting of Toll-like receptor 4, because of its central role, looks promising. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the recent data of various drugs targeting TLR4 expression and pathway and their potential role as adjunctive therapy in severe sepsis and septic shock.
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Lang A, Ben Horin S, Picard O, Fudim E, Amariglio N, Chowers Y. Lidocaine inhibits epithelial chemokine secretion via inhibition of nuclear factor κB activation. Immunobiology 2010; 215:304-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Oztay F, Gezginci-Oktayoglu S, Bayrak BB, Yanardag R, Bolkent S. Cathepsin B inhibition improves lung injury associated to d-galactosamine/tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced liver injury in mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 333:65-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lee PY, Tsai PS, Huang YH, Huang CJ. INHIBITION OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4, NUCLEAR FACTOR-κB AND MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE BY LIGNOCAINE MAY INVOLVE VOLTAGE-SENSITIVE SODIUM CHANNELS. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 35:1052-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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