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Osteoprotegerin and MTHFR gene variations in rheumatoid arthritis: association with disease susceptibility and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9534. [PMID: 35680906 PMCID: PMC9184606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore whether the rs2073618 variant (G1181C) of the osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801131 (A1298AC) and rs1801133 (C677T) gene polymorphisms contribute to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility and RA related subclinical atherosclerosis. Overall 283 RA patients and 595 healthy controls (HC) were genotyped for common variants of the OPG and MTHFR genes using PCR based assays. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded following thorough chart review. Surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis (Carotid/Femoral intima media thickness/plaque formation) along with traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis were assessed in all RA patients and 280HC. Increased prevalence of the CC genotype of the rs2073618 variant was detected in RA patients vs HC (42.4% vs. 33%, p-value: 0.04). RA patients with high serum titers of rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies displayed increased prevalence of the CC genotype of the rs2073618 variant of the OPG gene compared to HC (48.6% and 47.5 vs 33.3%, p-values: 0.0029and 0.0077 respectively). Of interest, this genotype turned to be associated with higher carotid IMT scores (0.872 ± 0.264 vs 0.816 ± 0.284, p-value: 0.01) and marginally with higher rates of carotid plaque formation (66% vs 54.1%, p = 0.06). The MTHFR 1298CC genotype was more prevalent only in the anti-CCP positive group compared to HC, with no associations detected with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, following adjustment for traditional cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors. Reduced rates of carotid/femoral plaque formation were detected among RA patients harboring the MTHFR TT genotype (52.4 vs 72.7, p-value: 0.009, respectively). This association remained significant following adjustment for classical CVD risk factors (OR [95% CI 0.364 [0.173–0.765], p-value: 0.008). Genetic variations of the osteoprotegerin and MTHFR genes seem to increase susceptibility for seropositive RA and potentially contribute to subclinical atherosclerosis linked to RA. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Kelly RR, Sidles SJ, LaRue AC. Effects of Neurological Disorders on Bone Health. Front Psychol 2020; 11:612366. [PMID: 33424724 PMCID: PMC7793932 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.612366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases, particularly in the context of aging, have serious impacts on quality of life and can negatively affect bone health. The brain-bone axis is critically important for skeletal metabolism, sensory innervation, and endocrine cross-talk between these organs. This review discusses current evidence for the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which various neurological disease categories, including autoimmune, developmental, dementia-related, movement, neuromuscular, stroke, trauma, and psychological, impart changes in bone homeostasis and mass, as well as fracture risk. Likewise, how bone may affect neurological function is discussed. Gaining a better understanding of brain-bone interactions, particularly in patients with underlying neurological disorders, may lead to development of novel therapies and discovery of shared risk factors, as well as highlight the need for broad, whole-health clinical approaches toward treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R. Kelly
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sara J. Sidles
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Amanda C. LaRue
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Yu HM, Chen XL, Wei W, Yao XD, Sun JQ, Su XT, Lin SF. Effect of osteoprotegerin gene polymorphisms on the risk of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in a Chinese population. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018; 175:149-154. [PMID: 30447607 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction. Our study aims to explore the correlation of osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene polymorphisms and the risk factors and severity of CSM. PATIENTS AND METHODS The peripheral blood samples from 494 CSM patients and 515 healthy individuals were collected for detecting the 950T/C, 1181G/C and 163A/G genotypes and genetic equilibrium of OPG in the CSM and control groups and analyzing the genotype distribution and allele frequency. The severity of CSM and the impaired segments were evaluated by the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring combined with cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in order to investigate the relations between the three genotypes of OPG promoter gene loci (950T/C, 163A/G and 1181G/C) and occurrence as well as severity of CSM. RESULTS The risk rate of TC genotype carrier suffered from CSM was 0.46, of TT genotype carrier was 0.27. The risk rate of T allele carrier suffered from CSM was 0.37. In 950T/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), patients with TC, TT and T genotypes had lower risk to suffer from CSM. CONCLUSION Taken together, OPG 950T/C SNP protects against CSM, and it is correlated with the severity of CSM, providing a new idea for the prevention and treatment of CSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ming Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Lei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 451191, PR China
| | - Wu Wei
- The First Department of Orthopedics, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital of Guangxi, Wuzhou, 543002, PR China
| | - Xue-Dong Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, PR China
| | - Jing-Qun Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361100, PR China
| | - Xiao-Tao Su
- Affiliated NanHua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, PR China
| | - Shu-Feng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, PR China
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Pereira RMR, Figueiredo CP, Cha CC, Caparbo VF, Oliveira RM, Franco AS, Menezes PR, de Castro I, Onuchic LF. Associations between OPG and RANKL polymorphisms, vertebral fractures, and abdominal aortic calcification in community-dwelling older subjects: the Sao Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH). Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:3319-3329. [PMID: 27311721 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This is the first study analyzing concomitantly osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) polymorphisms and OPG/RANKL serum levels and their association with bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral fractures, and vascular aortic calcification in a cohort of 800 subjects in community-dwelling older individuals. INTRODUCTION Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANKL play an important role in osteoclast activation and differentiation as well as in vascular calcification. At present, there are no studies of OPG or RANKL gene polymorphisms in Brazilian older populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate OPG/RANKL polymorphism and their association with vertebral fractures (VFs) and aortic calcification. METHODS Eight hundred subjects (497 women/303 men) were genotyped for the OPG 1181G>C (rs2073618), 163C>T (rs3102735), 245T>G (rs3134069), and 209G>A (rs3134070) and RANKL A>G (rs2277438) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). VFs were evaluated by spine radiography (Genant's method). Aortic calcification was quantified using Kauppila's method. RESULTS The isolated genotype analyses and single-allele frequency data showed association of OPG 163C, 245G, and 209A alleles with presence of VFs (P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression of subjects with absence of VFs vs. those with VFs (grades II/III) revealed only OPG 209A homozygosity as a risk factor for higher-grade VFs (odds ratio (OR) = 4.17, 95 % CI 1.03-16.93, P = 0.046). Regarding aortic calcification, the isolated genotype analysis frequency data revealed a significant association of OPG 1181G, 163C, 245G, and 209A alleles with absent aortic calcification (P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression data confirmed that the OPG 209A allele was protective for aortic calcification (OR = 0.63, 95 % CI 0.45-0.88, P = 0.007) and the OPG 1181C allele was a risk factor for aortic calcification (OR = 1.26, 95 % CI 1.00-1.58, P = 0.046). CONCLUSION This study showed that the OPG 209AA genotype was a risk factor for higher-grade VFs, the OPG 209A allele was protective for aortic calcification, and the OPG 1181C was a risk factor for aortic calcification, supporting the involvement of OPG polymorphisms in the analyzed phenotypes and the concept that the related pathogenesis is multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M R Pereira
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av, Dr Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar Reumatologia, sala 3193, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - C P Figueiredo
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av, Dr Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar Reumatologia, sala 3193, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - C C Cha
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av, Dr Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar Reumatologia, sala 3193, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - V F Caparbo
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av, Dr Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar Reumatologia, sala 3193, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - R M Oliveira
- RDO Diagnosticos Medicos, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A S Franco
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av, Dr Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar Reumatologia, sala 3193, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - P R Menezes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I de Castro
- Molecular Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L F Onuchic
- Divisions of Nephrology and Molecular Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sand PG. IL-6 Variants in Ischemic Stroke. Ann Neurosci 2016; 23:60-1. [PMID: 27536024 PMCID: PMC4934451 DOI: 10.1159/000443558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp G Sand
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, and Danuvius Klinik GmbH, Ingolstadt, Germany
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Liu W, Ge S, Liu Y, Wei C, Ding Y, Chen A, Wu Q, Zhang Y. Polymorphisms in three genes are associated with hemorrhagic stroke. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00395. [PMID: 26664786 PMCID: PMC4667756 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiligand receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), osteoprotegerin, and Golgb1 genes may be implicated in atherosclerosis and vascular diseases. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1035798 in RAGE gene, rs2073617 and rs2073618 in TNFRSF11B, and rs3732410 in Golgb1 will be investigated on whether there is an association with hemorrhagic stroke (HS) in Chinese population. METHODS A total of 600 subjects including 199 HS patients and 401 controls were assayed. These samples were divided into two groups: the ≤50 year and >50 year groups. Genotyping of SNPs was determined using the SEQUENOM MassARRAY matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. The association between genotype and HS risk was evaluated by computing the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) with multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Our data showed that in the ≤50 year group, the rs1035798 major allele homozygote C/C in RAGE gene was associated with an increased risk of HS, while Golgb1 rs3732410 minor allele homozygote G/G was associated with a decreased risk of HS. In the >50 year group, the major allele homozygote G/G of rs2073618 was found to be associated with an increased risk of HS. CONCLUSIONS The polymorphisms rs1035798 of RAGE gene, rs2073618 of TNFRSF11B, and rs3732410 of Golgb1 might be involved in the risk of HS at different stage of ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine of Neurology People's Hospital of Jingjiang City Jingjiang 214500 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Shichao Ge
- Department of Research and Development Shanghai Benegene Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Shanghai 201114 China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine of Neurology People's Hospital of Jingjiang City Jingjiang 214500 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Can Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine of Neurology People's Hospital of Jingjiang City Jingjiang 214500 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yunlong Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine of Neurology People's Hospital of Jingjiang City Jingjiang 214500 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine of Neurology People's Hospital of Jingjiang City Jingjiang 214500 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Qiyao Wu
- Department of Research and Development Shanghai Benegene Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Shanghai 201114 China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Research and Development Shanghai Benegene Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Shanghai 201114 China
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Yang X, Feng L, Li C, Li Y. Association of IL-6-174G > C and -572C > G polymorphisms with risk of young ischemic stroke patients. Gene 2014; 539:258-62. [PMID: 24486505 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between interleukin-6 (IL-6) -174G>C and -572C>G polymorphisms and risk for ischemic stroke (IS) in young patients. METHODS We genotyped IL-6 -174G>C and -572C>G in a case-control study of 430 young IS patients and 461 control subjects. An unconditional multiple logistical regression model was used to calculate the effects of IL-6-174G>C and -572C>G polymorphisms on IS risk. RESULTS Higher body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and smoking were associated with risk of ischemic stroke. Multivariate regression analyses showed that subjects carrying the -174CC genotype (OR=1.69, 95% CI=1.16-2.57) and C allele (OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.09-1.67) had a small but significant increased risk of IS. Similarly, those carrying the -572GG genotype (OR=2.12, 95% CI=1.18-3.82) and G allele (OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.14-1.83) had a moderate increased risk of IS. We found the -174G>C and -572C>G polymorphisms interact with hypertension and obesity. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that polymorphisms in IL-6-174G>C and -572C>G are associated with IS risk in young patients, and that these polymorphisms interact with hypertension, obesity and etiologic subtypes. These findings could be helpful in identifying individuals at increased risk for developing IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Lei Feng
- Diagnostic Imaging Division, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Changjiang Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yu Li
- Zibo Municipal Hospital Authorities Internal Medicine, Zibo 255000, China
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Myint PK, Clark AB, Kwok CS, Loke YK, Yeong JKY, Luben RN, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT. Bone mineral density and incidence of stroke: European prospective investigation into cancer-norfolk population-based study, systematic review, and meta-analysis. Stroke 2014; 45:373-82. [PMID: 24399373 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.002999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The prospective link between osteoporosis and future risk of stroke requires evidence from large-scale population-based long-term studies. METHODS Calcaneum broadband ultrasound attenuation was measured in the Norfolk cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk between 1997 and 2000. Incident strokes were ascertained by hospital record linkage and death certificates in March 2009 and December 2011, respectively. A search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed to evaluate the relationship between bone mineral density and incident stroke. After data extraction of relevant studies, pooled risk of stroke was estimated using meta-analysis. RESULTS In 14 290 participants (mean follow-up of 9.3 years; total person-years 132 574), there were 599 incident strokes. Participants in the lowest 10% of the calcaneum broadband ultrasound attenuation distribution had an increased stroke risk (hazard ratio 1.41; 95% confidence intervals, 1.02-1.94) compared with those in the top 30% of the distribution after adjustments. A decrease of ~1 standard deviation in broadband ultrasound attenuation (20 db/MHz) was associated with a 17% increase in relative risk of stroke (95% confidence intervals, 5%-30%). Meta-analysis of 4 studies (25 760 participants, 1237 cases of stroke) found that for every decrease in 1 standard deviation in bone mineral density, there was an increased risk of incident stroke among women (pooled relative risk 1.22; 95% confidence intervals, 1.09-1.37; I2=0%, 3 studies) but not in men (pooled relative risk 1.05; 95% confidence intervals, 0.94-1.17; I(2)=0%, 2 studies). CONCLUSIONS Bone mineral density predicts total stroke risk. The evidence is stronger in women with regard to the continuous relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyo Kyaw Myint
- From the AGEING (Aberdeen Gerontological & Epidemiological INterdisciplinary Research Group), Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK (P.K.M., C.S.K.); Norwich Medical School, Norwich Research Park Cardiovascular Research Group, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK (P.K.M., A.B.C., Y.K.L., J.K.-Y.Y.); Clinical Gerontology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P.K.M., R.N.L., K.-T.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (C.S.K.); and MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, UK (N.J.W.)
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Kim SK, Park HJ, Kim JW, Chung JH, Yoo SD, Kim DH, Yun DH, Kim HS. T Allele of nonsense polymorphism (rs2039381, Gln71Stop) of interferon-ε is a risk factor for the development of intracerebral hemorrhage. Hum Immunol 2013; 75:88-90. [PMID: 24055696 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) play key roles in various biologic responses including antiviral and immune reactions. We evaluated one possible risk factor in nonsense polymorphism (rs2039381, Gln71Stop) of interferon-ε (IFNE). We recruited stroke [119 ischemic stroke (IS) and 145 intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)] and control (401), respectively. The nonsense SNP (rs2039381, Gln71Stop) of IFNE was selected. We identified individual genotype using sequencing. SNPStats and SPSS 18.0 programs were used to analyze genetic data. Genotype frequencies (C/C:C/T:T/T) in the ICH group and control group were 59.3:37.9:2.8 and 73.6:23.4:3.0, respectively. We found that rs2039381 was associated with ICH (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.33-3.03, p = 0.001 in codominant1 model; OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.28-2.84, p = 0.0016 in dominant model; OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.14-2.26, p = 0.0074 in log-additive model). T allele frequency of rs2039381 was significantly higher in ICH than in controls. The nonsense SNP (rs2039381, Gln71Stop) of IFNE was associated with ICH (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.14-2.26, p = 0.006). A nonsense SNP (rs2039381, Gln71Stop) of IFNE was associated with ICH in Korean population. Our findings raise the possibility that the T allele of rs2039381 is a risk factor which is susceptible to ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Kang Kim
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jeong Park
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Ho Chung
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Don Yoo
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Yun
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sang Kim
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea.
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den Uyl D, Nurmohamed MT, van Tuyl LH, Raterman HG, Lems WF. (Sub)clinical cardiovascular disease is associated with increased bone loss and fracture risk; a systematic review of the association between cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R5. [PMID: 21241491 PMCID: PMC3241350 DOI: 10.1186/ar3224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Both cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis are important causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The co-occurrence of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis prompted us to review the evidence of an association between cardiovascular (CV) disease and osteoporosis and potential shared common pathophysiological mechanisms. Methods A systematic literature search (Medline, Pubmed and Embase) was conducted to identify all clinical studies that investigated the association between cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. Relevant studies were screened for quality according to guidelines as proposed by the Dutch Cochrane Centre and evidence was summarized. Results Seventy studies were included in this review. Due to a large heterogeneity in study population, design and outcome measures a formal meta-analysis was not possible. Six of the highest ranked studies (mean n = 2,000) showed that individuals with prevalent subclinical CV disease had higher risk for increased bone loss and fractures during follow-up compared to persons without CV disease (range of reported risk: hazard ratio (HR) 1.5; odds ratio (OR) 2.3 to 3.0). The largest study (n = 31,936) reported a more than four times higher risk in women and more than six times higher risk in men. There is moderate evidence that individuals with low bone mass had higher CV mortality rates and incident CV events than subjects with normal bone mass (risk rates 1.2 to 1.4). Although the shared common pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully elucidated, the most important factors that might explain this association appear to be, besides age, estrogen deficiency and inflammation. Conclusions The current evidence indicates that individuals with prevalent subclinical CV disease are at increased risk for bone loss and subsequent fractures. Presently no firm conclusions can be drawn as to what extent low bone mineral density might be associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby den Uyl
- Department of Rheumatology, VU Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 NV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Moayyeri A, Alrawi YA, Myint PK. The complex mutual connection between stroke and bone health. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 503:153-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Hope S, Melle I, Aukrust P, Agartz I, Lorentzen S, Steen NE, Djurovic S, Ueland T, Andreassen OA. Osteoprotegerin levels in patients with severe mental disorders. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2010; 35:304-10. [PMID: 20569643 PMCID: PMC2928283 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.090088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe mental disorders are associated with elevated levels of inflammatory markers. In the present study, we investigated whether osteoprotegerin (OPG), a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor family involved in calcification and inflammation, is elevated in patients with severe mental disorders. METHODS We measured the plasma levels of OPG in patients with severe mental disorders (n = 312; 125 with bipolar disorder and 187 with schizophrenia) and healthy volunteers (n = 239). RESULTS The mean plasma levels of OPG were significantly higher in patients than in controls (t531 = 2.6, p = 0.01), with the same pattern in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The increase was significant after adjustment for possible confounding variables, including age, sex, ethnic background, alcohol consumption, liver and kidney function, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases and levels of cholesterol, glucose and C-reactive protein. LIMITATIONS Owing to the cross-sectional design, it is difficult to determine causality. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that elevated OPG levels are associated with severe mental disorders and suggest that mechanisms related to calcification and inflammation may play a role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Hope
- Department of Psychiatry, Østfold Hospital, Fredrikstad, Norway.
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The association of functional polymorphisms of IL-6 gene promoter with ischemic stroke: Analysis in two Chinese populations. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 391:481-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nybo M, Johnsen SP, Dethlefsen C, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Jørgensen JOL, Rasmussen LM. Lack of Observed Association between High Plasma Osteoprotegerin Concentrations and Ischemic Stroke Risk in a Healthy Population. Clin Chem 2008; 54:1969-74. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.110593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Several studies suggest that osteoprotegerin (OPG) concentrations may be associated with the risk of ischemic stroke, but no large prospective studies have been conducted. We conducted a nested case-control study within a large cohort to elucidate a possible relation.
Methods: The study was done within a follow-up study including 57 053 men and women. Baseline data included OPG concentrations, lifestyle factors, and medical history. Median length of follow-up was 3.1 years. We assessed the relationship between OPG and stroke risk using conditional logistic regression to adjust for known risk factors (smoking, blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, body mass index, alcohol use, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and education).
Results: We identified 254 cases with verified incident acute ischemic stroke and 254 age- and sex-matched controls. Median plasma OPG concentration among cases was 1.84 μg/L (25th–75th percentile 1.45–2.30 μg/L) compared with 1.87 μg/L (1.49–2.27 μg/L) in the control group. The adjusted odds ratio was 0.87 (95% CI 0.46–1.63) comparing participants in the highest quartile of OPG concentrations with those in the lowest quartile.
Conclusions: These findings provide no support for the hypothesis that plasma OPG concentrations are associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. This result could indicate a different pathogenic process in stroke development from that in ischemic heart disease, where OPG is a strong predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Nybo
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren P Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Claus Dethlefsen
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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15
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Abstract
Advances in the Genetic Basis of Ischemic StrokeAs one of the leading causes of death within both the developed and developing world, stroke is a world-wide problem. About 80% of strokes are ischemic. It is caused by multiple genetic factors, environmental factors, and interactions among these factors. There is a long list of candidate genes that have been studied for a possible association with ischemic stroke. Among the most widely investigated genes are those involved in haemostasis, inflammation, nitric oxide production, homocysteine and lipid metabolism, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Combined link-age/association studies have demonstrated that genes encoding PDE4D and ALOX5AP confer risk for stroke. We review the studies of these genes which may have potential application on the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment ischemic stroke patients.
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