1
|
Pizzato SB, Terraciano PB, Zanon P, Kuhl CP, Alves Garcez TN, Passos EP, Tirloni L, Berger M. Estrogen depletion modulates aortic prothrombotic signaling in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive female rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 561:111827. [PMID: 36494014 PMCID: PMC9812894 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we investigated how platelets and aorta contribute to the creation and maintenance of a prothrombotic state in an experimental model of postmenopausal hypertension in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Bilateral ovariectomy was performed in both 14-week-old female spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. The animals were kept in phytoestrogen free diet. Vascular parameters, platelet, coagulation and aortic prothrombotic functions and mechanisms were assessed. RESULTS Exacerbated platelet aggregation was observed in both SHR and WKY animals after ovariectomy. The mechanism was related to aortic COX2 downregulation and reduction in AMP, ADP, and ATP hydrolysis in serum and platelets. A procoagulant potential was observed in plasma from ovariectomized rats and this was confirmed by kallikrein and factor Xa generation in aortic rings. Aortic rings derived from ovariectomized SHR presented a greater thrombin generation capacity compared to equivalent rings from WKY animals. The mechanism involved tissue factor and PAR-1 upregulation as well as an increase in extrinsic coagulation and fibrinolysis markers in aorta and platelets. Aortic smooth muscle cells pre-treated with a plasma pool derived from estrogen-depleted animals developed a procoagulant profile with tissue factor upregulation. This procoagulant profile was dependent on inflammatory signalling, since NFκB inhibition attenuated the procoagulant activity and tissue factor expression. CONCLUSIONS A prothrombotic phenotype was observed in both WKY and SHR ovariectomized rats being associated with platelet hyperreactivity and tissue factor upregulation in aorta and platelets. The mechanism involves proinflammatory signalling that supports greater thrombin generation in aorta and vascular smooth muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Beal Pizzato
- Grupo de Reprodução e Farmacologia Celular, Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Barros Terraciano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Reprodução e Farmacologia Celular, Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pamela Zanon
- Grupo de Reprodução e Farmacologia Celular, Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Palma Kuhl
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Reprodução e Farmacologia Celular, Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tuane Nerissa Alves Garcez
- Grupo de Reprodução e Farmacologia Celular, Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pandolfi Passos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Reprodução e Farmacologia Celular, Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Tirloni
- Tick-Pathogen Transmission Unit, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Markus Berger
- Grupo de Reprodução e Farmacologia Celular, Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Tick-Pathogen Transmission Unit, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma HY, Chen S, Du Y. Estrogen and estrogen receptors in kidney diseases. Ren Fail 2021; 43:619-642. [PMID: 33784950 PMCID: PMC8018493 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1901739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are posing great threats to global health within this century. Studies have suggested that estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) play important roles in many physiological processes in the kidney. For instance, they are crucial in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and modulating endothelin-1 (ET-1) system in the kidney. Estrogen takes part in the kidney repair and regeneration via its receptors. Estrogen also participates in the regulation of phosphorus homeostasis via its receptors in the proximal tubule. The ERα polymorphisms have been associated with the susceptibilities and outcomes of several renal diseases. As a consequence, the altered or dysregulated estrogen/ERs signaling pathways may contribute to a variety of kidney diseases, including various causes-induced AKI, diabetic kidney disease (DKD), lupus nephritis (LN), IgA nephropathy (IgAN), CKD complications, etc. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that targeting estrogen/ERs signaling pathways might have protective effects against certain renal disorders. However, many unsolved problems still exist in knowledge regarding the roles of estrogen and ERs in distinct kidney diseases. Further research is needed to shed light on this area and to enable the discovery of pathway-specific therapies for kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yang Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park JB, Kim SA, Sung KC, Kim JY. Gender-specific differences in the incidence of microalbuminuria in metabolic syndrome patients after treatment with fimasartan: The K-MetS study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189342. [PMID: 29261715 PMCID: PMC5736217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of resolving metabolic syndrome on target organ damage in hypertensive patients is not well described. We evaluated whether treating metabolic syndrome (MetS) with an angiotensin receptor blocker subsequently reduced microalbuminuria in the K-MetS cohort. METHODS Among 10,601 total metabolic syndrome patients, 3,250 (52.2% male, 56.2±10.0 years) with sufficient data on five specific metabolic components were included in this study. Patients were divided into four groups based on MetS status at baseline and 3 months. All patients received an angiotensin receptor blocker, fimasartan, for these 3 months; thereafter, treatment was modified at the discretion of each patient's physician. Microalbuminuria and the albumin/creatine ratio were evaluated as a proxy of organ damage. RESULTS Blood pressure and waist circumference decreased from baseline to 3 months and 1 year. The average albumin/creatinine ratio significantly improved during the first three months of the study from 36.0±147.4 to 21.0±74.9 mg/g (p<0.05) and was persistently high in patients with MetS at baseline and 3 months versus other groups. Women in comparison with men showed significantly lower ACR among patients with newly developed MetS at 3-month. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of hypertensive patients for one year with the angiotensin receptor blocker fimasartan significantly reduced the albumin/creatine ratio, irrespective of whether the patient had MetS; however, the albumin/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in patents with persistent or newly developed MetS compared to patients without MetS. Additionally, these findings were more prominent in women than in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Bae Park
- JB lab and clinic, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Cheil General Hospital, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Su-A Kim
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jang Young Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmad S, Sun X, Lin M, Varagic J, Zapata-Sudo G, Ferrario CM, Groban L, Wang H. Blunting of estrogen modulation of cardiac cellular chymase/RAS activity and function in SHR. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3330-3342. [PMID: 28888034 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The relatively low efficacy of ACE-inhibitors in the treatment of heart failure in women after estrogen loss may be due to their inability to reach the intracellular sites at which angiotensin (Ang) II is generated and/or the existence of cell-specific mechanisms in which ACE is not the essential processing pathway for Ang II formation. We compared the metabolic pathway for Ang II formation in freshly isolated myocytes (CMs) and non-myocytes (NCMs) in cardiac membranes extracted from hearts of gonadal-intact and ovariectomized (OVX) adult WKY and SHR rats. Plasma Ang II levels were higher in WKY vs. SHR (strain effect: WKY: 62 ± 6 pg/ml vs. SHR: 42 ± 9 pg/ml; p < 0.01), independent of OVX. The enzymatic activities of chymase, ACE, and ACE2 were higher in NCMs versus CMs, irrespective of whether assays were performed in cardiac membranes from WKY or SHR or in the presence or absence of OVX. E2 depletion increased chymase activity, but not ACE activity, in both CMs and NCMs. Moreover, cardiac myocyte chymase activity associated with diastolic function in WKYs and cardiac structure in SHRs while no relevant functional and structural relationships between the classic enzymatic pathway of Ang II formation by ACE or the counter-regulatory Ang-(1-7) forming path from Ang II via ACE2 were apparent. The significance of these novel findings is that targeted cell-specific chymase rather than ACE inhibition may have a greater benefit in the management of HF in women after menopause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Departments of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Xuming Sun
- Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Marina Lin
- Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jasmina Varagic
- Departments of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gisele Zapata-Sudo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos M Ferrario
- Departments of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Physiology-Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Leanne Groban
- Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Hao Wang
- Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Škrtić M, Lytvyn Y, Bjornstad P, Reich HN, Scholey JW, Yip P, Sochett EB, Perkins B, Cherney DZI. Influence of sex on hyperfiltration in patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F599-F606. [PMID: 28031170 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00357.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this analysis was to examine sex-based differences in renal segmental resistances in healthy controls (HCs) and patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We hypothesized that hyperfiltration-an early hemodynamic abnormality associated with diabetic nephropathy-would disproportionately affect women with T1D, thereby attenuating protection against the development of renal complications. Glomerular hemodynamic parameters were evaluated in HC (n = 30) and in normotensive, normoalbuminuric patients with T1D and either baseline normofiltration [n = 36, T1D-N, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 90-134 ml·min-1·1.73 m2] or hyperfiltration (n = 32, T1D-H, GFR ≥ 135 ml·min-1·1.73 m2) during euglycemic conditions (4-6 mmol/l). Gomez's equations were used to derive efferent (RE) and afferent (RA) arteriolar resistances, glomerular hydrostatic pressure (PGLO) from inulin (GFR) and paraaminohippurate [effective renal plasma flow (ERPF)] clearances, plasma protein and estimated ultrafiltration coefficients (KFG). Female patients with T1D with hyperfiltration (T1D-H) had higher RE (1,985 ± 487 vs. 1,381 ± 296 dyne·sec-1·cm-5, P < 0.001) and filtration fraction (FF, 0.20 ± 0.047 vs. 0.16 ± 0.03 P < 0.05) and lower ERPF (876 ± 245 vs. 1,111 ± 298 134 ml·min-1·1.73 m2P < 0.05) compared with male T1D-H patients. Overall, T1D-H patients had higher PGLO and lower RA vs. HC subjects, although there were no sex-based differences. In conclusion, female T1D-H patients had higher RE and FF and lower ERPF than their male counterparts with no associated sex differences in RA Prospective intervention studies should consider sex as a modifier of renal hemodynamic responses to renal protective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Škrtić
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuliya Lytvyn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Heather N Reich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James W Scholey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Yip
- University Health Network, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Etienne B Sochett
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Sickkids Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce Perkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Z I Cherney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; .,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and.,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Labandeira-Garcia JL, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Valenzuela R, Costa-Besada MA, Guerra MJ. Menopause and Parkinson's disease. Interaction between estrogens and brain renin-angiotensin system in dopaminergic degeneration. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 43:44-59. [PMID: 27693730 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of menopausal hormonal therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) have not yet been clarified, and it is controversial whether there is a critical period for neuroprotection. Studies in animal models and clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that estrogens induce dopaminergic neuroprotection. Recent studies suggest that inhibition of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) mediates the effects of estrogens in PD models. In the substantia nigra, ovariectomy induces a decrease in levels of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) and increases angiotensin activity, NADPH-oxidase activity and expression of neuroinflammatory markers, which are regulated by estrogen replacement therapy. There is a critical period for the neuroprotective effect of estrogen replacement therapy, and local ER-α and RAS play a major role. Astrocytes play a major role in ER-α-induced regulation of local RAS, but neurons and microglia are also involved. Interestingly, treatment with angiotensin receptor antagonists after the critical period induced neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain.
| | - Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Rita Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Maria A Costa-Besada
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Maria J Guerra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mihailidou AS, Ashton AW. Cardiac effects of aldosterone: does gender matter? Steroids 2014; 91:32-7. [PMID: 25173820 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) continues to be the most common cause of death globally, although mortality rates are decreasing with significant advances in treatment. Higher prevalence of co-morbidities in women only partly explains the lack of decrease in mortality rates in younger women due to. Until recently there has been gender bias in pre-clinical studies and many clinical trials, resulting in a significant gap in knowledge whether there are differential responses to therapy for women, particularly younger women. There is increasing evidence that there are significant gender-specific differences in the outcome of post-infarction remodelling, prevalence of hypertension and sudden cardiac death. These differences indicate that cardiac tissue in females displays significant physiological and biochemical differences compared to males. However, the mechanisms mediating these differences, and how they change with age, are poorly understood. Circulating levels and physiological effects of aldosterone vary across the menstrual cycle suggesting female steroid sex hormones may not only regulate production of, but also responses to, aldosterone in pre-menopausal women. This modified tissue response may foster a homeostatic environment where higher levels of aldosterone are tolerated without adverse cardiac effect. Moreover, there is limited data on the direct regulation of this signalling axis by androgens in female animals/subjects. This review explores the relationship between gender and the effects of aldosterone in cardiovascular disease (CVD), an issue of significant need that may lead to changes in best practice to optimise clinical care and improve outcomes for females with CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S Mihailidou
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Anthony W Ashton
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Division of Perinatal Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Labandeira-García JL, Garrido-Gil P, Rodriguez-Pallares J, Valenzuela R, Borrajo A, Rodríguez-Perez AI. Brain renin-angiotensin system and dopaminergic cell vulnerability. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:67. [PMID: 25071471 PMCID: PMC4086395 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was classically considered as a circulating system that regulates blood pressure, many tissues are now known to have a local RAS. Angiotensin, via type 1 receptors, is a major activator of the NADPH-oxidase complex, which mediates several key events in oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory processes involved in the pathogenesis of major aging-related diseases. Several studies have demonstrated the presence of RAS components in the basal ganglia, and particularly in the nigrostriatal system. In the nigrostriatal system, RAS hyperactivation, via NADPH-oxidase complex activation, exacerbates OS and the microglial inflammatory response and contributes to progression of dopaminergic degeneration, which is inhibited by angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Several factors may induce an increase in RAS activity in the dopaminergic system. A decrease in dopaminergic activity induces compensatory upregulation of local RAS function in both dopaminergic neurons and glia. In addition to its role as an essential neurotransmitter, dopamine may also modulate microglial inflammatory responses and neuronal OS via RAS. Important counterregulatory interactions between angiotensin and dopamine have also been observed in several peripheral tissues. Neurotoxins and proinflammatory factors may also act on astrocytes to induce an increase in RAS activity, either independently of or before the loss of dopamine. Consistent with a major role of RAS in dopaminergic vulnerability, increased RAS activity has been observed in the nigra of animal models of aging, menopause and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, which also showed higher dopaminergic vulnerability. Manipulation of the brain RAS may constitute an effective neuroprotective strategy against dopaminergic vulnerability and progression of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Labandeira-García
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Madrid, Spain
| | - Jannette Rodriguez-Pallares
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Madrid, Spain
| | - Rita Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Borrajo
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodríguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu Q, Yin L, Hartmann RW. Selective Dual Inhibitors of CYP19 and CYP11B2: Targeting Cardiovascular Diseases Hiding in the Shadow of Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2012; 55:7080-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3004637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhong Hu
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Saarland University & Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical
Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus C2-3, P.O. Box 151150, D-66123 Saarbrücken,
Germany
| | - Lina Yin
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Saarland University & Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical
Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus C2-3, P.O. Box 151150, D-66123 Saarbrücken,
Germany
- ElexoPharm GmbH,
Campus A1,
D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Saarland University & Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical
Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus C2-3, P.O. Box 151150, D-66123 Saarbrücken,
Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rodriguez-Perez AI, Valenzuela R, Villar-Cheda B, Guerra MJ, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Dopaminergic neuroprotection of hormonal replacement therapy in young and aged menopausal rats: role of the brain angiotensin system. Brain 2011; 135:124-38. [PMID: 22189567 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of consensus about the effects of the type of menopause (surgical or natural) and of oestrogen replacement therapy on Parkinson's disease. The effects of the timing of replacement therapy and the female's age may explain the observed differences in such effects. However, the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The renin-angiotensin system mediates the beneficial effects of oestrogen in several tissues, and we have previously shown that dopaminergic cell loss is enhanced by angiotensin via type 1 receptors, which is activated by ageing. In rats, we compared the effects of oestrogen replacement therapy on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopaminergic degeneration, nigral renin-angiotensin system activity, activation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase complex and levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β in young (surgical) menopausal rats and aged menopausal rats. In young surgically menopausal rats, the renin-angiotensin system activity was higher (i.e. higher angiotensin converting enzyme activity, higher angiotensin type-1 receptor expression and lower angiotensin type-2 receptor expression) than in surgically menopausal rats treated with oestrogen; the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity and interleukin-1β expression were also higher in the first group than in the second group. In aged menopausal rats, the levels of nigral renin-angiotensin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity were similar to those observed in surgically menopausal rats. However, oestrogen replacement therapy significantly reduced 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopaminergic cell loss in young menopausal rats but not in aged rats. Treatment with oestrogen also led to a more marked reduction in nigral renin-angiotensin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity in young surgically menopausal rats (treated either immediately or after a period of hypo-oestrogenicity) than in aged menopausal rats. Interestingly, treatment with the angiotensin type-1 receptor antagonist candesartan led to remarkable reduction in renin-angiotensin system activity and dopaminergic neuron loss in both groups of menopausal rats. This suggests that manipulation of the brain renin-angiotensin system may be an efficient approach for the prevention or treatment of Parkinson's disease in oestrogen-deficient females, together with or instead of oestrogen replacement therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Menopause is derived from the Greek words men (month) and pauses (cessation) and means permanent cessation of menstruation after the loss of ovarian activity. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has recently been associated with cardiovascular events in several studies. CKD patients have a heavy burden of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in addition to a range of nontraditional risk factors such as inflammation and abnormal metabolism of calcium and phosphate. In this review, the association of CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is discussed. CKD mineral and bone disorder, characterized by disturbances of calcium/phosphate/parathyroid hormone, bone abnormalities and vascular and soft tissue calcification, is highly prevalent in CKD and is a strong, independent predictor of bone fracture, CVD and death. Estrogen has been shown to: (a) decrease the expression of angiotensin type 1 receptors in vasculature and kidneys; (b) reduce the expression and activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme, and (c) cause the release of angiotensinogen substrate from the liver. However, the degree of activation or suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by estrogen has not been clearly established. Clinical data on the effects of estrogen therapy on bone mineral densities are extremely limited in the ESRD population. CVD is the most common cause of death in postmenopausal women with CKD and many contributing factors have been explored. Future research for prevention of CVD in postmenopausal women with CKD would focus on the biology of vascular calcification as well as bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma gun, Saitama, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Komukai K, Mochizuki S, Yoshimura M. Gender and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 24:687-98. [PMID: 20608988 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Premenopausal women are protected to some extent from cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Because this protection weakens after menopause, sex hormones are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and kidney diseases. The cardiovascular system and the kidneys are regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which in turn, appears to be regulated by sex hormones. In general, oestrogen increases angiotensinogen levels and decreases renin levels, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, AT(1) receptor density, and aldosterone production. Oestrogen also activates counterparts of the RAAS such as natriuretic peptides, AT(2) receptor density, and angiotensinogen (1-7). Progesterone competes with aldosterone for mineralocorticoid receptor. Less is known about androgens, but testosterone seems to increase renin levels and ACE activity. These effects of sex hormones on the RAAS can explain at least some of the gender differences in cardiovascular and kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimiaki Komukai
- Division of Cardiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rodriguez-Perez AI, Valenzuela R, Villar-Cheda B, Guerra MJ, Lanciego JL, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Estrogen and angiotensin interaction in the substantia nigra. Relevance to postmenopausal Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2010; 224:517-26. [PMID: 20580712 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported that the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women of similar age. Several laboratory observations have revealed that estrogen has protective effects against dopaminergic toxins. The mechanism by which estrogen protects dopaminergic neurons has not been clarified, although estrogen-induced attenuation of the neuroinflammatory response plays a major role. We have recently shown that activation of the nigral renin-angiotensin system (RAS), via type 1 (AT1) receptors, leads to NADPH complex and microglial activation and induces dopaminergic neuron death. In the present study we investigated the effect of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on the nigral RAS and on dopaminergic degeneration induced by intrastriatal injection of 6-OHDA. We observed a marked loss of dopaminergic neurons in ovariectomized rats treated with 6-OHDA, which was significantly reduced by estrogen replacement or treatment with the AT1 receptor antagonist candesartan. We also observed that estrogen replacement induces significant downregulation of the activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme as well as downregulation of AT1 receptors, upregulation of AT2 receptors and downregulation of the NADPH complex activity in the substantia nigra in comparison with ovariectomized rats. The present results suggest that estrogen-induced down-regulation of RAS and NADPH activity may be associated with the reduced risk of PD in premenopausal women, and increased risk in conditions causing early reduction in endogenous estrogen, and that manipulation of brain RAS system may be an efficient approach for the prevention or coadjutant treatment of PD in estrogen-deficient women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fukui S, Fukumoto Y, Suzuki J, Saji K, Nawata J, Shinozaki T, Kagaya Y, Watanabe J, Shimokawa H. Diabetes mellitus accelerates left ventricular diastolic dysfunction through activation of the renin–angiotensin system in hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2009; 32:472-80. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2009.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
15
|
Kanashiro-Takeuchi RM, Heidecker B, Lamirault G, Dharamsi JW, Hare JM. Sex-specific impact of aldosterone receptor antagonism on ventricular remodeling and gene expression after myocardial infarction. Clin Transl Sci 2009; 2:134-42. [PMID: 20072663 PMCID: PMC2805249 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2009.00094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone receptor antagonism reduces mortality and improves post-myocardial infarction (MI) remodeling. Because aldosterone and estrogen signaling pathways interact, we hypothesized that aldosterone blockade is sex-specific. Therefore, we investigated the impact of eplerenone on left ventricular (LV) remodeling and gene expression of male infarcted rats versus female infarcted rats. MI and Sham animals were randomized to receive eplerenone (100 mg/kg/day) or placebo 3 days post-surgery for 4 weeks and assessed by echocardiography. In the MI placebo group, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) increased from 7.3 +/- 0.4 mm to 10.2 +/- 1.0 mm (p < 0.05) and ejection fraction (EF) decreased from 82.3 +/- 4% to 45.5 +/- 11% (p < 0.05) in both sexes (p = NS between groups). Eplerenone attenuated LVEDD enlargement more effectively in females (8.8 +/- 0.2 mm, p < 0.05 vs. placebo) than in males (9.7 +/- 0.2 mm, p = NS vs. placebo) and improved EF in females (56.7 +/- 3%, p < 0.05 vs. placebo) but not in males (50.6 +/- 3%, p = NS vs. placebo). Transcriptomic analysis using Rat_230-2.0 microarrays (Affymetrix) revealed that in females 19% of downregulated genes and 44% of upregulated genes post-MI were restored to normal by eplerenone. In contrast, eplerenone only restored 4% of overexpressed genes in males. Together, these data suggest that aldosterone blockade reduces MI-induced cardiac remodeling and phenotypic alterations of gene expression preferentially in females than in males. The use of transcriptomic signatures to detect greater benefit of eplerenone in females has potential implications for personalized medicine.
Collapse
|