1
|
Brener PZ, Tannuri ACA, Teixeira RAP, Cristofani LM, Evangelista ABR, Sugiyama RM, Tannuri U. Wilms tumor in children: A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors, with emphasis on inferior vena cava/right atrium extension. Results from a single-center study. Surg Oncol 2023; 46:101896. [PMID: 36571933 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2022.101896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify prognostic factors for overall survival through the analysis of 132 patients with Wilms tumor followed at a single center, with emphasis on the inferior vena cava/right atrium extension. METHODS Retrospective analysis of overall survival using logistic regression models and including age, sex, clinical features, associated syndromes, comorbidities, tumor size before chemotherapy, stage, presence of metastatic disease and its site, invasion of adjacent structures, inferior vena cava/right atrium extension, laterality, tumor histology, chemotherapy protocol, and radiotherapy as potential risk factors. RESULTS From January 2000 through November 2021, 132 patients met the inclusion criteria, 64 females and 68 males; 15 (11.4%) patients presented with tumoral extension to inferior vena cava/right atrium and 44 had metastatic disease (33.3%). Based on logistic regression, the factors correlating to a fatal outcome were male sex (p = 0.046), high risk histology (p = 0.036), and the presence of metastatic disease (p = 0.003). None of the patients presenting inferior vena cava/right atrium extension died (p = 0.992). In a specific analysis of metastatic sites, hepatic metastasis alone showed correlation with a fatal outcome (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION These results underline the importance of identifying and treating metastatic disease and high-risk tumors. The female gender as a potential driver for a less aggressive disease is a new finding that deserves further investigation. The accurate identification of inferior vena cava/right atrium extension, subsequent preoperative chemotherapy, and resection with a skilled team promoted survival rates of all patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Zanetta Brener
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Pediatric Onco-Hematology Division, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Aoun Tannuri
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Pediatric Onco-Hematology Division, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Augusto Plaza Teixeira
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Pediatric Onco-Hematology Division, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Maria Cristofani
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Pediatric Onco-Hematology Division, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Rabelo Evangelista
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Pediatric Onco-Hematology Division, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Morita Sugiyama
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Pediatric Onco-Hematology Division, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Uenis Tannuri
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Pediatric Onco-Hematology Division, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Oncologists are often ill-prepared for patient-provider communication about the financial costs and burden of treatment. Several barriers to cost communication exist, including provider discomfort, lack of knowledge or access to accurate information, and background historic concerns that cost discussions may negatively impact the doctor-patient relationship. However, clear and transparent cost communication can yield cost-reducing strategies that ultimately mitigate the high costs of cancer care and risk for financial toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Greenup
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, LH 118, New Haven, CT 60510, USA; The Breast Center at Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale New Haven, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sefidbakht S, Khorsand A, Omidi S, Mohsenpourian S, Mirzaian E. Expression of PAX2 and PAX8 in Wilms Tumor: A Tissue Microarray-based Immunohistochemical Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 16:310-315. [PMID: 34306127 PMCID: PMC8298051 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2021.139752.2527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: There is currently inadequate information about the expression of immunohistochemical markers in pediatric tumors. Paired box genes 2 and 8 (PAX2 and PAX8) genes have an essential role in kidney organogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the IHC expression of PAX2 and PAX8 in Wilms tumor. Such study would be helpful in diagnosis and possibly in differentiation of this tumor from other mimics, especially in those of poorly differentiated type in small needle biopsy specimens. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on 45 Wilms tumor cases referred to Bahrami pediatric hospital between 2005 and 2015. Demographic data were collected from medical documents. Sections from related paraffin blocks were provided by the tissue microarray method, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was done for PAX8 and PAX2. Results: The mean tumor size was 9.98±4.95 cm. Favorable histology was seen in 84.4% of samples. PAX2 was expressed in 41 cases (91.1%), and PAX8 in 37 patients (82.2%). PAX2 and PAX8 expression was mostly seen in both blastemal and epithelial components (77.8% and 66.6%), respectively. Tumors with favorable and unfavorable histology did not significantly differ in PAX2 and PAX8 expression (P=0.637). We found a statically significant relationship between PAX8 expression and tumor size (P=0.033). Conclusion: PAX2 and PAX8 markers might helpful in diagnosis of Wilms tumor and may differentiate it from other histologically similar kidney tumors. PAX8 expression may be associated with larger tumor size. Tumors with favorable and unfavorable histology may not be different in PAX2 and PAX8 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Sefidbakht
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Khorsand
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Omidi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Mohsenpourian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Mirzaian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Høgsholt S, Asdahl PH, Bonnesen TG, Holmqvist AS, Madanat-Harjuoja L, Tryggvadottir L, Bautz A, Albieri V, Green D, Winther JF, Hasle H. Disease-specific hospitalizations among 5-year survivors of Wilms tumor: A Nordic population-based cohort study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e28905. [PMID: 33484071 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With modern therapy, over 90% of Wilms tumor patients can expect to become long-term survivors, and focus on morbidity and late effects become increasingly important. We provide a novel evaluation and insight to subsequent hospitalizations in 5-year survivors of Wilms tumor. METHODS As part of the Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) study, we identified 5-year survivors of Wilms tumor. Based on stratified random sampling, we constructed a population comparison cohort. Outcomes of interest were overall hospitalizations; hospitalizations for specific organ systems and disease-specific categories. Standardized hospitalization rate ratios (SHRR) and absolute excess risks (AER) were calculated. RESULTS We included 913, 5-year survivors of Wilms tumor and 152 231 population comparisons. Survivors of Wilms tumor had an increased overall risk of being hospitalized (SHRR 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-2.0). The hospitalization risk was increased within all major organ systems: urinary and genital organs (SHRR 2.5; 95% CI 2.1-3.0), endocrine (SHRR 2.5; 95% CI 1.9-3.3), cardiovascular (SHRR 2.2; 95% CI 1.7-2.9), and gastrointestinal (SHRR 1.5; 95% CI 1.3-1.8). Risks for specific diseases are reported in the study. CONCLUSIONS Survivors of Wilms tumor had higher risks than population comparisons for a wide range of diseases, with the highest risks seen for urinary, endocrine, and cardiovascular disorders. Five to 20 years after the Wilms tumor diagnosis, 43% of survivors had been hospitalized at least once versus 29% of population comparisons. The overall AER was 2.3, which translates into 0.2 extra hospitalizations in 10 years for every Wilms tumor survivor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stine Høgsholt
- Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Haubjerg Asdahl
- Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Gade Bonnesen
- Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Sällfors Holmqvist
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Skåne University Hospital and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Laura Madanat-Harjuoja
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- The Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Andrea Bautz
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vanna Albieri
- Unit of Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Green
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jeanette Falck Winther
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang XL, Wang YL, Wang PR. MiR-200a with CDC7 as a direct target declines cell viability and promotes cell apoptosis in Wilm's tumor via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2409-2420. [PMID: 33599894 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MiR-200a acts as a key role in tumor malignant progression. This work purposed to assess the function of miR-200a in Wilm's tumor. Based on bioinformatics analysis, the expression, prognostic value and related pathways of miR-200a and CDC7 (a potential downstream molecule of miR-200a) in Wilm's tumor were analyzed. qRT-PCR was conducted to confirm the miR-200a level in Wilm's tumor cells. The luciferase reporter assay was carried out to verify the binding of miR-200a to 3'-UTR of CDC7. Then, the impacts of miR-200a and CDC7 on cell viability and apoptosis were measured using CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays. Also, western blot was applied to measure the expression of CDC7 as well as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins and apoptosis proteins. Herein, we revealed that miR-200a was lowly expressed in Wilm's tumor tissues and cells and the low miR-200a expression is closely bound up with death and poor outcomes. Moreover, miR-200a directly targeted and inhibited CDC7 in Wilm's tumor cells. Biological function experiments illustrated that overexpression of miR-200a reduced the viability and elevated the apoptosis of Wilm's tumor cells, while overexpression of CDC7 reversed the inhibitory impact of miR-200a on cell viability and the promoting impact of miR-200a on cell apoptosis. Besides, we revealed that miR-200a/CDC7 axis can decrease the expression of β-Catenin, Cyclin D1 and C-Myc as well as the phosphorylation of GSK-3β, thus inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, blocking the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway caused an increase on cell apoptosis, while overexpression of CDC7 can reverse these impacts. Collectively, miR-200a/CDC7 axis involved in regulating the malignant phenotype of Wilm's tumor through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which provides a theoretical basis for targeted molecular therapy of Wilm's tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ling Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Rong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prognostic Factors and Nomograms to Predict Overall and Cancer-Specific Survival for Children with Wilms' Tumor. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:1092769. [PMID: 31871495 PMCID: PMC6913163 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1092769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study is aimed at constructing and verifying nomograms that forecast overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of children with Wilms' tumor (WT). Patients and methods Clinical information of 1613 WT patients who were under 18 years old between 1988 and 2010 was collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Using these data, we performed univariate as well as multivariate Cox's regression analyses to determine independent prognostic factors for WT. Then, nomograms to predict 3- and 5-year OS and CSS rates were constructed based on the identified prognostic factors. The nomograms were validated externally and internally. The nomograms' reliability was evaluated utilizing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and concordance indices (C-indices). Results 1613 WT patients under 18 were involved in the study and randomly divided into the training (n = 1210) and validation (n = 403) cohorts. Age at diagnosis, tumor laterality, tumor size, tumor stage, and use of surgery were determined as independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS in WT and were further applied to construct prognostic nomograms. The C-index and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) revealed the great performance of our nomograms. Internal and external calibration plots also showed excellent agreement between actual survival and nomogram prediction. Conclusion Precise and convenient nomograms were developed for forecasting OS and CSS of children with WT. These nomograms were able to offer accurate and individualized prognosis and assisted clinicians in performing suitable therapy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Rančelytė M, Nemanienė R, Ragelienė L, Rascon J. Wilms tumour in children: 18 years of experience at Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Lithuania. Acta Med Litu 2019; 26:125-133. [PMID: 31632187 DOI: 10.6001/actamedica.v26i2.4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Wilms tumour (WT) is the most common childhood abdominal malignancy, with an average annual incidence of 1 in 10,000 children. The study published in 2002 reported lower survival rates of WT in Lithuania in comparison to the data of SIOP-9 study and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). We aimed to assess current diagnostic approach and treatment results of patients with WT treated at our institution and to compare the results with the previously published study. Materials and methods A retrospective single-centre study was performed. 48 patients with WT registered at the institutional data-base from 2000 to 2018 were enrolled. An estimated 5-year overall survival (OS5y) and 2-year event-free survival (EFS2y) by stage and risk groups was calculated using IBM SPSS. A comparative analysis of two time periods - 2000-2008 and 2009-2018 - was carried out. Results Forty-two (87.5%) patients presented with localised disease and 6 (12.5%) with primary metastatic disease. The majority of cases were of the intermediate-risk group (77%). The OS5yof all analysed children was 86.4%. The EFS2y was 88.9% in stage I, 91.7% in stage II, 83.3% in stage III, and 50% in stage IV. The EFS2y was 100% in the low-risk group, 86.5% in the intermediate-risk group, and 25% in the high-risk group. Improvement of outcomes was observed over the analysed period: OS5y changed from 81.0% in 2000-2008 to 92.6% in 2009-2018. Among 48 cases, ten patients showed recurrence: eight - early relapse and two - late relapse. Six patients died. Conclusions WT was diagnosed at early stages in most cases. The survival was better among the patients diagnosed in earlier stages and with favourable risk group. Better survival rates were observed in patients treated in 2009-2018 compared to the 2000-2008 period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rolanda Nemanienė
- Centre for Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Children's Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lina Ragelienė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jelena Rascon
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Centre for Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Children's Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khan T, Wani S, Wani S, Lone M, Afroz F. Wilm's tumor-collaborative approach is needed to prevent tumor upstaging and radiotherapy delays: A single institutional study. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_57_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
9
|
Illade L, Hernandez-Marques C, Cormenzana M, Lassaletta A, Andión Catalán M, Ruano D, Fioravantti V, Madero López L. Wilms’ tumour: A review of 15 years recent experience. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
10
|
Illade L, Hernandez-Marques C, Cormenzana M, Lassaletta Á, Andión Catalán M, Ruano D, Fioravantti V, Madero López L. [Wilms' tumour: A review of 15 years recent experience]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2017; 88:140-149. [PMID: 28479004 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wilms' tumour is the most frequent renal tumour in children. Multi-modal treatment includes chemotherapy and surgery, with or without radiotherapy. The survival is excellent, with rates exceeding 90%. A review is presented on our experience over the last 15 years of treating Wilms' tumour in Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 40 consecutive paediatric patients diagnosed with nephroblastoma between 2002 and 2016 in the Hospital Niño Jesús in Madrid. The clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, treatment, and follow-up were analysed. RESULTS Of the 40 patients, 23 were boys, with a median age at diagnosis of 2.5 years (range, 4 months-15 years). Three patients underwent initial nephrectomy, three received a fine needle aspiration biopsy, followed by chemotherapy, and 34 patients started pre-operative chemotherapy directly. The median follow-up of the patients was 6.75 years (range, 10 months - 13.92 years). Two patients died from disease progression. There were no treatment-related deaths. Overall survival and event-free survival at 5 years was 94.6±3.7% and 89.4±5%, respectively. CONCLUSION Wilms' tumour treatment is a success of modern medicine, currently achieving a survival rate of 95% in our series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Illade
- Unidad de Onco-hematología Pediátrica, Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, España
| | | | - Maria Cormenzana
- Unidad de Onco-hematología Pediátrica, Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, España
| | - Álvaro Lassaletta
- Unidad de Onco-hematología Pediátrica, Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, España.
| | | | - David Ruano
- Unidad de Onco-hematología Pediátrica, Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, España
| | | | - Luis Madero López
- Servicio Unidad de Oncohematología Pediátrica, Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Polosukhina D, Love HD, Correa H, Su Z, Dahlman KB, Pao W, Moses HL, Arteaga CL, Lovvorn HN, Zent R, Clark PE. Functional KRAS mutations and a potential role for PI3K/AKT activation in Wilms tumors. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:405-421. [PMID: 28188683 PMCID: PMC5378659 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common renal neoplasm of childhood and affects 1 in 10 000 children aged less than 15 years. These embryonal tumors are thought to arise from primitive nephrogenic rests that derive from the metanephric mesenchyme during kidney development and are characterized partly by increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We previously showed that coordinate activation of Ras and β-catenin accelerates the growth and metastatic progression of a murine WT model. Here, we show that activating KRAS mutations can be found in human WT. In addition, high levels of phosphorylated AKT are present in the majority of WT. We further show in a mouse model and in renal epithelial cells that Ras cooperates with β-catenin to drive metastatic disease progression and promotes in vitro tumor cell growth, migration, and colony formation in soft agar. Cellular transformation and metastatic disease progression of WT cells are in part dependent on PI3K/AKT activation and are inhibited via pharmacological inhibition of this pathway. Our studies suggest both KRAS mutations and AKT activation are present in WT and may represent novel therapeutic targets for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Polosukhina
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harold D Love
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hernan Correa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zengliu Su
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kimberly B Dahlman
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William Pao
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harold L Moses
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harold N Lovvorn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology & Cancer Biology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter E Clark
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang YJ, Xiang B, Liu JX, Yang M, Chen HZ. Ultrasound in diagnosis of intrascrotal metastasis of Wilms' tumor: first case report of a Chinese boy and review of the literature. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2015; 42:575-8. [PMID: 26576985 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-015-0642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A 31-month-old boy with Wilms' tumor (WT), which primarily had originated from the left kidney, was treated with nephrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. 2 months after nephrectomy, a left scrotal mass was found at routine follow-up. High-frequency sonography examination revealed an enlarged left testis with a heterogeneous texture and a hypoechoic solid mass in the left scrotum. Moreover, hypervascular signals presented in both the left testis and the mass on color Doppler flow imaging. Left orchiectomy was performed for suspected intrascrotal metastasis of WT, which was confirmed by histopathology examination. This was the first case of intrascrotal metastasis of WT reported in China with a detailed ultrasound description. Meanwhile, this study also reviewed the comparable diagnostic methods of intrascrotal metastasis of WT found in the English literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ju-Xian Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-Zhu Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A 20-year prospective study of Wilms tumor and other kidney tumors: a report from Hong Kong pediatric hematology and oncology study group. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2014; 36:445-50. [PMID: 25050908 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal tumors are one of the most common tumors in children. We aim at evaluating the characteristics and the outcome of Wilms tumor and other malignant kidney tumors in Hong Kong. PROCEDURE Between January 1990 to December 2010, 68 patients under the age of 18 with malignant renal tumors were diagnosed and received treatment in Hong Kong. Clinical records were updated regularly. Prognostic factors and survival rate were evaluated. RESULTS Fifty-four patients were diagnosed with Wilms tumor. The annual incidence was estimated to be 2.29 per million. The mean age was 38 months. Median follow-up was 9.2 years. The event-free survival and overall survival rate at 10 years were 85.2% and 92.6%, respectively. A pair of siblings with familial extrarenal Wilms tumor was included. Pulmonary metastasis did exhibit a significant difference in survival rate. Eight cases of clear cell sarcoma of the kidneys were reported and the survival rate was 100%. CONCLUSIONS The clinical characteristics and outcome of the patients diagnosed Wilms tumor were comparable with other developed countries. Relatively high proportion and excellent outcome were found in clear cell sarcoma of the kidneys.
Collapse
|
14
|
Elli M, Sungur M, Genç G, Ayyildiz P, Dagdemir A, Pinarli FG, Acar S. The late effects of anticancer therapy after childhood Wilm's tumor: the role of diastolic function and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013; 43:1004-11. [PMID: 23924525 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyt105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wilms' tumor, or nephroblastoma, is the most common primary malignant renal tumor of childhood. The excellent outcome now expected for most children with this tumor is attributed to the combination of effective adjuvant chemotherapy, improved surgical and anesthetic techniques and also the radiosensitivity of the tumor. The numerous organ systems are subject to the late effects of anticancer therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the blood pressure profile and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and also cardiac diastolic functions and pulmonary venous flow in 25 children with unilateral Wilms' tumor in remission. METHODS The patient group consists of 25 patients who successfully completed anticancer treatment for unilateral Wilms' tumor. Thirty-three age-, weight- and height-matched healthy children were considered as a control group for an echocardiographic study. Also, 20 age-, weight- and height-matched healthy children were considered as a control group for the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring study. RESULTS In our study, 24 h, daytime and night-time systolic blood pressure and night-time diastolic blood pressure measurements were found to be significantly increased in the patient group compared with healthy children. We detected diastolic filling pattern abnormalities. We also found increase in pulmonary venous flow (systolic and diastolic) in Wilms' tumor group. CONCLUSIONS We suggest the regular follow-up of survivors of Wilms' tumor for care and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Elli
- *Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55039, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Paraneoplastic syndromes may affect the central and peripheral nervous system of adults and children with cancer. Neurological symptoms may resolve with treatment of the underlying neoplasm. We report the case of a child with Wilms tumor who presented with generalized weakness, fatigue, ptosis, hypokinesis, dysarthria, urinary retention, facial diplegia, ophthalmoplegia, and autonomic dysfunction. Routine electrodiagnostic testing, including repetitive nerve stimulation, was normal. Clinical features and stimulation single-fiber electromyogram were consistent with a neuromuscular junction transmission disorder, likely Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. The child's neurological status returned to normal with successful treatment of the tumor.
Collapse
|
16
|
Comparative genomic hybridization of Wilms' tumor. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 973:249-65. [PMID: 23412795 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-281-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis of solid tumors including Wilms' tumor is challenging due to poor chromosome morphology, complexity of abnormalities, and to the possibility of stromal cell overgrowth in tissue culture. Molecular cytogenetic techniques such as chromosomal comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) have improved the diagnosis of chromosomal aberrations in Wilms' tumor since they can provide results based on the analysis of DNA from nondividing cells. However, chromosomal CGH provides only a limited resolution across the whole genome, which is not different than routine cytogenetic analysis (gains or losses of less than one chromosome band or 10 Mb are not detectable by routine cytogenetics or chromosomal CGH). More recently, the development of genomic arrays opened the possibility of assessing the whole genome at a much higher resolution at a sub-microscopic or sub-band level. Based on the principle of chromosomal CGH, this approach, frequently termed array-CGH, opens the possibility to find invisible changes at the whole genome level not only in abnormal but also in normal tumor karyotypes. Here, we discuss the main technical features, benefits, and limitations of the above three techniques as applied to Wilms' tumor and summarize the main advances in our knowledge about the genetic changes of Wilms' tumor and their clinical relevance.
Collapse
|
17
|
Li K, Xiao X, Gao J, Yao W, Chen H, Zhang B. Pelvic Wilms tumor in a child with an absent right kidney and spinal malformations. J Pediatr Surg 2012; 47:e11-4. [PMID: 23084223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Wilms tumor rarely occurs in other sites outside the kidney. Various congenital malformations often accompany Wilms tumor, but spinal deformations are rarely seen. We report a very rare association of multiple spinal malformations, right kidney absence, and pelvic Wilms tumor in a 21-month-old girl. The report includes a brief review of relevant literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Cancer cells silence autosomal tumor suppressor genes by Knudson's two-hit mechanism in which loss-of-function mutations and then loss of heterozygosity occur at the tumor suppressor gene loci. However, the identification of X-linked tumor suppressor genes has challenged the traditional theory of 'two-hit inactivation' in tumor suppressor genes, introducing the novel concept that a single genetic hit can cause loss of tumor suppressor function. The mechanism through which these genes are silenced in human cancer is unclear, but elucidating the details will greatly enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of human cancer. Here, we review the identification of X-linked tumor suppressor genes and discuss the potential mechanisms of their inactivation. In addition, we also discuss how the identification of X-linked tumor suppressor genes can potentially lead to new approaches in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Liu
- Division of Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mandy Kain
- Division of Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Division of Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Clark PE, Polosukhina D, Love H, Correa H, Coffin C, Perlman EJ, de Caestecker M, Moses HL, Zent R. β-Catenin and K-RAS synergize to form primitive renal epithelial tumors with features of epithelial Wilms' tumors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:3045-55. [PMID: 21983638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wilms' tumor (WT) is the most common childhood renal cancer. Although mutations in known tumor-associated genes (WT1, WTX, and CATNB) occur only in a third of tumors, many tumors show evidence of activated β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling, but the molecular mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. A key obstacle to understanding the pathogenesis of WT is the paucity of mouse models that recapitulate its features in humans. Herein, we describe a transgenic mouse model of primitive renal epithelial neoplasms that have high penetrance and mimic the epithelial component of human WT. Introduction of a stabilizing β-catenin mutation restricted to the kidney is sufficient to induce primitive renal epithelial tumors; however, when compounded with activation of K-RAS, the mice develop large, bilateral, metastatic, multifocal primitive renal epithelial tumors that have the histologic and staining characteristics of the epithelial component of human WT. These highly malignant tumors have increased activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways, increased expression of total and nuclear β-catenin, and increased downstream targets of this pathway, such as c-Myc and survivin. Thus, we developed a novel mouse model in which activated K-RAS synergizes with canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling to form metastatic primitive renal epithelial tumors that mimic the epithelial component of human WT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Clark
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2765, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Blish KR, Clausen KA, Hawkins GA, Garvin AJ, Willingham MC, Turner JC, Torti FM, Torti SV. Loss of heterozygosity and SOSTDC1 in adult and pediatric renal tumors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2010; 29:147. [PMID: 21080955 PMCID: PMC3002326 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Deletions within the short arm of chromosome 7 are observed in approximately 25% of adult and 10% of Wilms pediatric renal tumors. Within Wilms tumors, the region of interest has been delineated to a 2-Mb minimal region that includes ten known genes. Two of these ten candidate genes, SOSTDC1 and MEOX2, are particularly relevant to tumor development and maintenance. This finding, coupled with evidence that SOSTDC1 is frequently downregulated in adult renal cancer and regulates both Wingless-Int (Wnt)- and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-induced signaling, points to a role for SOSTDC1 as a potential tumor suppressor. Methods To investigate this hypothesis, we interrogated the Oncomine database to examine the SOSTDC1 levels in adult renal clear cell tumors and pediatric Wilms tumors. We then performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and sequencing analyses of SOSTDC1 in 25 pediatric and 36 adult renal tumors. Immunohistochemical staining of patient samples was utilized to examine the impact of SOSTDC1 genetic aberrations on SOSTDC1 protein levels and signaling. Results Within the Oncomine database, we found that SOSTDC1 levels were reduced in adult renal clear cell tumors and pediatric Wilms tumors. Through SNP and sequencing analyses of 25 Wilms tumors, we identified four with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 7p and three that affected SOSTDC1. Of 36 adult renal cancers, we found five with LOH at 7p, two of which affected SOSTDC1. Immunohistochemical analysis of SOSTDC1 protein levels within these tumors did not reveal a relationship between these instances of SOSTDC1 LOH and SOSTDC1 protein levels. Moreover, we could not discern any impact of these genetic alterations on Wnt signaling as measured by altered beta-catenin levels or localization. Conclusions This study shows that genetic aberrations near SOSTDC1 are not uncommon in renal cancer, and occur in adult as well as pediatric renal tumors. These observations of SOSTDC1 LOH, however, did not correspond with changes in SOSTDC1 protein levels or signaling regulation. Although our conclusions are limited by sample size, we suggest that an alternative mechanism such as epigenetic silencing of SOSTDC1 may be a key contributor to the reduced SOSTDC1 mRNA and protein levels observed in renal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Blish
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Moran C, Greiner RJ, Mardam-Bey SW, Hollingsworth CL, Kulbacki E, Wechsler DS. Synchronous occurrence of metastatic Wilms tumor and ganglioneuroma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 55:562-5. [PMID: 20658632 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We describe a 4-year-old female patient with a persistent paraspinal mass following chemotherapy for Wilms tumor. A discordant response to chemotherapy prompted biopsy of the persistent mass, which revealed a ganglioneuroma. This report highlights the synchronous occurrence of different tumors in the same patient, and suggests that repeat biopsies should be considered when contiguous tumor masses do not respond as expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Moran
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Geneticists estimate that 5% to 10% of all cancers diagnosed in the pediatric age range occur in children born with a genetic mutation that directly increases their lifetime risk for neoplasia. However, despite the fact that only a fraction of cancers in children occur as a result of an identified inherited predisposition, characterizing genetic mutations responsible for increased cancer risk in such syndromes has resulted in a profound understanding of relevant molecular pathways involved in carcinogenesis and/or resistance to neoplasia. Importantly, because most cancer predisposition syndromes result in an increased risk of a small number of defined malignancies, personalized prophylactic surveillance and preventive measures can be implemented in affected patients. Lastly, many of the same genetic targets identified from cancer-prone families are mechanistically involved in the majority of sporadic cancers in adults and children, thereby underscoring the clinical relevance of knowledge gained from these defined syndromes and introducing novel therapeutic opportunities to the broader oncologic community. This review highlights the clinical and genetic features of many of the known constitutional genetic syndromes that predispose to malignancy in children and young adults.
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Martínez CH, Dave S, Izawa J. Wilms’ Tumor. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6448-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
25
|
Liu WG, Gu WZ, Zhou YB, Tang HF, Li MJ, Ma WX. The prognostic relevance of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and PCNA/VEGF expression in patients with Wilms' tumour. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:931-8. [PMID: 19021718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.02043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilms' tumour is the most frequent renal tumour in children. Based on the SIOP strategy, children with Wilms' tumour may benefit from preoperative chemotherapy, but few publications address the effect of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on patients with Wilms' tumours. The aims of this study were to investigate the prognostic relevance of preoperative TACE followed by tumour resection, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in patients with Wilms' tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two therapeutic strategies including tumour resection only and TACE, followed by tumour resection were conducted in a cohort of 44 patients with Wilms' tumours. Clinical and follow-up data was analysed. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to explore PCNA and VEGF expression in the Wilms' tumour. RESULTS Two years tumour-free survival of the patients in the TACE group was significantly higher than that of the patients in the control group (P < 0.001) and recurrence and cases of death within one year in the TACE group was markedly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Fifty-five percent of patients in the control group were PCNA-positive vs. 4.17% of patients in the TACE group (P < 0.001). Fifty percent of patients in the control group were VEGF-positive vs. 29.17% of patients in the TACE group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with Wilms' tumours benefited from preoperative TACE treatment. PCNA expression was significantly lower in patients in the TACE group than those in the control group. There was no significant difference on VEGF expression between the patients in TACE and control groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-G Liu
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ZJ 310003, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|