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Liu T, Li Y, Su H, Zhang H, Jones D, Zhou HJ, Ji W, Min W. Nuclear localization of the tyrosine kinase BMX mediates VEGFR2 expression. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:126-138. [PMID: 31642192 PMCID: PMC6933376 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) are major contributors to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through the binding of VEGF ligands. We have previously shown that the bone marrow tyrosine kinase BMX is critical for inflammatory angiogenesis via its direct transactivation of VEGFR2. In the present study, we show that siRNA-mediated silencing of BMX led to a significant decrease in the total levels of VEGFR2 mRNA and protein, without affecting their stability, in human endothelial cells (ECs). Interestingly, BMX was detected in the nuclei of ECs, and the SH3 domain of BMX was necessary for its nuclear localization. Luciferase assays showed a significant decrease in the Vegfr2 (kdr) gene promoter activity in ECs after BMX silencing, indicating that BMX is necessary for Vegfr2 transcription. In addition, we found that wild-type BMX, but not a catalytic inactive mutant BMX-K445R, promoted Vegfr2 promoter activity and VEGF-induced EC migration and tube sprouting. Mechanistically, we show that the enhancement of Vegfr2 promoter activity by BMX was mediated by Sp1, a transcription factor critical for the Vegfr2 promoter. Loss of BMX significantly reduced Sp1 binding to the Vegfr2 promoter as assayed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Wild-type BMX, but not a kinase-inactive form of BMX, associated with and potentially phosphorylated Sp1. Moreover, a nuclear-targeted BMX (NLS-BMX), but not cytoplasm-localized form (NES-BMX), bound to Sp1 and augmented VEGFR2 expression. In conclusion, we uncovered a novel function of nuclear-localized BMX in regulating VEGFR2 expression and angiogenesis, suggesting that BMX is a therapeutic target for angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- The Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yonghao Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Hong Su
- The Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics ProgramYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Dennis Jones
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Huanjiao Jenny Zhou
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics ProgramYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Weidong Ji
- The Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Wang Min
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics ProgramYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
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Pietilä I, Van Mourik D, Tamelander A, Kriz V, Claesson-Welsh L, Tengholm A, Welsh M. Temporal Dynamics of VEGFA-Induced VEGFR2/FAK Co-Localization Depend on SHB. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121645. [PMID: 31847469 PMCID: PMC6953046 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is essential for vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA)/VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2)-stimulated angiogenesis and vascular permeability. We have previously noted that presence of the Src homology-2 domain adapter protein B (SHB) is of relevance for VEGFA-stimulated angiogenesis in a FAK-dependent manner. The current study was conducted in order address the temporal dynamics of co-localization between these components in HEK293 and primary lung endothelial cells (EC) by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF). An early (<2.5 min) VEGFA-induced increase in VEGFR2 co-localization with SHB was dependent on tyrosine 1175 in VEGFR2. VEGFA also enhanced SHB co-localization with FAK. FAK co-localization with VEGFR2 was dependent on SHB since it was significantly lower in SHB deficient EC after VEGFA addition. Absence of SHB also resulted in a gradual decline of VEGFR2 co-localization with FAK under basal (prior to VEGFA addition) conditions. A similar basal response was observed with expression of the Y1175F-VEGFR2 mutant in wild type EC. The distribution of focal adhesions in SHB-deficient EC was altered with a primarily perinuclear location. These live cell data implicate SHB as a key component regulating FAK activity in response to VEGFA/VEGFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Pietilä
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (I.P.); (D.V.M.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
- Present address: Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75108 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Djenolan Van Mourik
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (I.P.); (D.V.M.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Andreas Tamelander
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (I.P.); (D.V.M.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Vitezslav Kriz
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75108 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Anders Tengholm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (I.P.); (D.V.M.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Michael Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (I.P.); (D.V.M.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-184-714-447
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Abstract
The ability to generate new microvessels in desired numbers and at desired locations has been a long-sought goal in vascular medicine, engineering, and biology. Historically, the need to revascularize ischemic tissues nonsurgically (so-called therapeutic vascularization) served as the main driving force for the development of new methods of vascular growth. More recently, vascularization of engineered tissues and the generation of vascularized microphysiological systems have provided additional targets for these methods, and have required adaptation of therapeutic vascularization to biomaterial scaffolds and to microscale devices. Three complementary strategies have been investigated to engineer microvasculature: angiogenesis (the sprouting of existing vessels), vasculogenesis (the coalescence of adult or progenitor cells into vessels), and microfluidics (the vascularization of scaffolds that possess the open geometry of microvascular networks). Over the past several decades, vascularization techniques have grown tremendously in sophistication, from the crude implantation of arteries into myocardial tunnels by Vineberg in the 1940s, to the current use of micropatterning techniques to control the exact shape and placement of vessels within a scaffold. This review provides a broad historical view of methods to engineer the microvasculature, and offers a common framework for organizing and analyzing the numerous studies in this area of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1155-1212, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Tien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Brookline, Massachusetts, USA
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García-Vázquez MD, Herrero de la Parte B, García-Alonso I, Morales MC. [Analysis of Biological Properties of Human Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Effect on Mouse Hind Limb Ischemia]. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:77-91. [PMID: 31079101 DOI: 10.1159/000498919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis-inducing capacity, human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC) have potential clinical applications in the treatment of limb ischemia. AMSC from healthy donors have been shown to induce neovascularization in animal models. However, when cells were obtained from donors suffering from any pathology, their autologous application showed limited effectiveness. We studied whether liposuction niche and obesity could determine the regenerative properties of cells meaning that not all cell batches are suitable for clinical practice. METHODS AMSC obtained from 10 donors, obese and healthy, were expanded in vitro following a good manufacturing practice-like production protocol. Cell viability, proliferation kinetics, morphological analysis, phenotype characterization, and stemness potency were assessed over the course of the expansion process. AMSC selected for having the most suitable biological properties were used as an experimental treatment in a preclinical mouse model of hind limb ischemia. RESULT All cell batches were positively characterized as mesenchymal stem cells, but not all of them showed the same properties or were successfully expanded in vitro, depending on the characteristics of the donor and the extraction area. Notably, AMSC from the abdomen of obese donors showed undesirable biological properties. AMSC with low duplication times and multilineage differentiation potential and forming large densely packed colonies, were able, following expansion in vitro, to increase neovascularization and repair when implanted in the ischemic tissue of mice. CONCLUSION An extensive AMSC biological properties study could be useful to predict the potential clinical efficacy of cells before in vivo transplantation. Thus, peripheral ischemia and possibly other pathologies could benefit from stem cell treatments as shown in our preclinical model in terms of tissue damage repair and regeneration after ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Borja Herrero de la Parte
- Department of Surgery and Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Alonso
- Department of Surgery and Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - María-Celia Morales
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain,
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Maghsoudlou A, Meyer RD, Rezazadeh K, Arafa E, Pudney J, Hartsough E, Rahimi N. RNF121 Inhibits Angiogenic Growth Factor Signaling by Restricting Cell Surface Expression of VEGFR-2. Traffic 2015; 17:289-300. [PMID: 26602861 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ligand stimulation promotes downregulation of RTKs, a mechanism by which RTKs, through the ubiquitination pathway are removed from the cell surface, causing a temporary termination of RTK signaling. The molecular mechanisms governing RTK trafficking and maturation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi compartments are poorly understood. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) is a prototypic RTK that plays a critical role in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. Here we demonstrate that Ring Finger Protein 121 (RNF121), an ER ubiquitin E3 ligase, is expressed in endothelial cells and regulates maturation of VEGFR-2. RNF121 recognizes newly synthesized VEGFR-2 in the ER and controls its trafficking and maturation. Over-expression of RNF121 promoted ubiquitination of VEGFR-2, inhibited its maturation and resulted a significantly reduced VEGFR-2 presence at the cell surface. Conversely, the shRNA-mediated knockdown of RNF121 in primary endothelial cells reduced VEGFR-2 ubiquitination and increased its cell surface level. The RING Finger domain of RNF121 is required for its activity toward VEGFR-2, as its deletion significantly reduced the effect of RNF121 on VEGFR-2. Additionally, RNF121 inhibited VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Taken together, these data identify RNF121 as a key determinant of angiogenic signaling that restricts VEGFR-2 cell surface presence and its angiogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Maghsoudlou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Rosana D Meyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kobra Rezazadeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Emad Arafa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jeffrey Pudney
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Edward Hartsough
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Srinivasan S, Chitalia V, Meyer RD, Hartsough E, Mehta M, Harrold I, Anderson N, Feng H, Smith LEH, Jiang Y, Costello CE, Rahimi N. Hypoxia-induced expression of phosducin-like 3 regulates expression of VEGFR-2 and promotes angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2015; 18:449-62. [PMID: 26059764 PMCID: PMC4600037 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-015-9468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Expression and activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) by VEGF ligands are the main events in the stimulation of pathological angiogenesis. VEGFR-2 expression is generally low in the healthy adult blood vessels, but its expression is markedly increased in the pathological angiogenesis. In this report, we demonstrate that phosducin-like 3 (PDCL3), a recently identified chaperone protein involved in the regulation of VEGFR-2 expression, is required for angiogenesis in zebrafish and mouse. PDCL3 undergoes N-terminal methionine acetylation, and this modification affects PDCL3 expression and its interaction with VEGFR-2. Expression of PDCL3 is regulated by hypoxia, the known stimulator of angiogenesis. The mutant PDCL3 that is unable to undergo N-terminal methionine acetylation was refractory to the effect of hypoxia. The siRNA-mediated silencing of PDCL3 decreased VEGFR-2 expression resulting in a decrease in VEGF-induced VEGFR-2 phosphorylation, whereas PDCL3 over-expression increased VEGFR-2 protein. Furthermore, we show that PDCL3 protects VEGFR-2 from misfolding and aggregation. The data provide new insights for the chaperone function of PDCL3 in angiogenesis and the roles of hypoxia and N-terminal methionine acetylation in PDCL3 expression and its effect on VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimathi Srinivasan
- Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Vipul Chitalia
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosana D Meyer
- Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Edward Hartsough
- Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Manisha Mehta
- Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Itrat Harrold
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The Center for Cancer Research, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Anderson
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The Center for Cancer Research, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hui Feng
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The Center for Cancer Research, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nader Rahimi
- Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Campus, 670 Albany St., Room 510, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Lindhorst D, Tavassol F, von See C, Schumann P, Laschke MW, Harder Y, Bormann KH, Essig H, Kokemüller H, Kampmann A, Voss A, Mülhaupt R, Menger MD, Gellrich NC, Rücker M. Effects of VEGF loading on scaffold-confined vascularization. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 95:783-92. [PMID: 20725981 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Adequate vascularization of tissue-engineered constructs remains a major challenge in bone grafting. In view of this, we loaded ß-tricalcium-phosphate (ß-TCP) and porous poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffolds via collagen coating with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and studied whether the VEGF loading improves scaffold angiogenesis and vascularization. Dorsal skinfold chambers were implanted into 48 balb/c mice, which were assigned to 6 groups (n = 8 each). Uncoated (controls), collagen-coated, and additionally VEGF-loaded PLGA and ß-TCP scaffolds were inserted into the chambers. Angiogenesis, neovascularization, and leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction were analyzed repeatedly during a 14-day observation period using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, VEGF release from PLGA und ß-TCP scaffolds was studied by ELISA. Micromorphology was studied from histological specimens. Unloaded ß-TCP scaffolds showed an accelerated and increased angiogenic response when compared with unloaded PLGA scaffolds. In vitro, PLGA released significantly higher amounts of VEGF compared with ß-TCP at the first two days resulting in a rapid drop of the released amount at the following days up to day 7 where the VEGF release was negligible. Nonetheless, in vivo VEGF loading increased neovascularization, especially in ß-TCP scaffolds. This increased vascularization was associated with a temporary leukocytic response with pronounced leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction at days 3 and 6. Histology revealed adequate host tissue response and engraftment of both ß-TCP and PLGA scaffolds. Our study demonstrates that ß-TCP scaffolds offer more suitable conditions for vascularization than PLGA scaffolds, in particular if they are loaded with VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lindhorst
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Haack-Sorensen M, Friis T, Kastrup J. Mesenchymal stromal cell and mononuclear cell therapy in heart disease. Future Cardiol 2010; 4:481-94. [PMID: 19804342 DOI: 10.2217/14796678.4.5.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in percutaneous coronary intervention, bypass surgery and drug therapy, rates of mortality and morbidity after acute coronary syndrome are high due to ventricular remodeling and heart failure. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from adult bone marrow or adipose tissue are considered potential candidates for therapeutic regenerative treatment in cardiovascular disease. Recent animal studies have demonstrated that MSCs can induce neovascularization and improve myocardial function in postinfarction myocardial ischemic hearts. This review will focus on the present preclinical and clinical knowledge about the use of mononuclear cells and MSCs for cardiac regenerative medicine, the source of MSCs for clinical use and problems to consider when conducting clinical MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Haack-Sorensen
- Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Cardiac Stem Cell Laboratory, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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