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Lee B, Lee S, Lee SK, Lee JW. The LIM-homeobox transcription factor Isl1 plays crucial roles in the development of multiple arcuate nucleus neurons. Development 2016; 143:3763-3773. [PMID: 27578785 DOI: 10.1242/dev.133967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus relay and translate important cues from the periphery into the central nervous system. However, the gene regulatory program directing their development remains poorly understood. Here, we report that the LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Isl1 is expressed in several subpopulations of developing arcuate neurons and plays crucial roles in their fate specification. Mice with conditional deletion of the Isl1 gene in developing hypothalamus display severe deficits in both feeding and linear growth. Consistent with these results, their arcuate nucleus fails to express key fate markers of Isl1-expressing neurons that regulate feeding and growth. These include the orexigenic neuropeptides AgRP and NPY for specifying AgRP-neurons, the anorexigenic neuropeptide αMSH for POMC-neurons, and two growth-stimulatory peptides, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) for GHRH-neurons and somatostatin (Sst) for Sst-neurons. Finally, we show that Isl1 directly enhances the expression of AgRP by cooperating with the key orexigenic transcription factors glucocorticoid receptor and brain-specific homeobox factor. Our results identify Isl1 as a crucial transcription factor that plays essential roles in the gene regulatory program directing development of multiple arcuate neuronal subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Lee
- Neuroscience Section, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Seunghee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Lee
- Neuroscience Section, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jae W Lee
- Neuroscience Section, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA .,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Abstract
The unfolding of pubertal growth and maturation entails multisystem collaboration. Most notably, the outflow of gonadotropins and growth hormone (GH) proceeds both independently and jointly. The current update highlights this unique dependency in the human.
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Wehrenberg WB, Giustina A. Feedback Regulation of Growth Hormone Secretion. Compr Physiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp070511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zelena D, Jezova D, Acs Z, Makara GB. Monosodium glutamate lesions inhibit the N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced growth hormone but not prolactin release in rats. Life Sci 1998; 62:2065-72. [PMID: 9627105 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Large doses of glutamate administered to newborn rats damage permanently the neurones in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus containing the growth hormone releasing hormone and the prolactin inhibiting dopamine neuron cell bodies. Since adult animals that underwent neonatal glutamate treatment still have a relatively well functioning growth hormone and prolactin system, we tested whether in the adults the excitatory amino acid sensibility is changed. After i.v. injection of different doses (10 or 30 mg/kg) of N-methyl-D-aspartate (excitatory amino acid receptor subtype agonist) growth hormone levels were significantly increased in the control groups but there was no rise in neonatally glutamate treated male and female rats. The level of prolactin was increased by N-methyl-D-aspartate, too, but the glutamate treatment had no effect on the rise. Our study suggests that systemic administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate increases plasma growth hormone level by activating the growth hormone releasing cells in the arcuate nucleus, but the intact tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic pathway is not essential for its prolactin stimulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zelena
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest
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