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Toriumi K, Iino K, Ozawa A, Miyashita M, Yamasaki S, Suzuki K, Sugawa H, Tabata K, Yamaguchi S, Usami S, Itokawa M, Nishida A, Nagai R, Kamiguchi H, Arai M. Glucuronic acid is a novel source of pentosidine, associated with schizophrenia. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102876. [PMID: 37703666 PMCID: PMC10502438 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentosidine (PEN) is an advanced glycation end-product (AGEs), where a fluorescent cross-link is formed between lysine and arginine residues in proteins. Accumulation of PEN is associated with aging and various diseases. We previously reported that a subpopulation of patients with schizophrenia showed PEN accumulation in the blood, having severe clinical features. PEN is thought to be produced from glucose, fructose, pentoses, or ascorbate. However, patients with schizophrenia with high PEN levels present no elevation of these precursors of PEN in their blood. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms underlying PEN accumulation and the molecular pathogenesis of schizophrenia associated with PEN accumulation remain unclear. Here, we identified glucuronic acid (GlcA) as a novel precursor of PEN from the plasma of subjects with high PEN levels. We demonstrated that PEN can be generated from GlcA, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that GlcA was associated with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Among patients with high PEN, the proportion of those who also have high GlcA is 25.6%. We also showed that Aldo-keto reductase (AKR) activity to degrade GlcA was decreased in patients with schizophrenia, and its activity was negatively correlated with GlcA levels in the plasma. This is the first report to show that PEN is generated from GlcA. In the future, this finding will contribute to understanding the molecular pathogenesis of not only schizophrenia but also other diseases with PEN accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Toriumi
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kyoka Iino
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Azuna Ozawa
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Miyashita
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan; Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, 156-0057, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan; Department of Community Mental Health, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hikari Sugawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, Kumamoto, 862-0970, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabata
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Satoshi Usami
- Center for Research and Development on Transition from Secondary to Higher Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanari Itokawa
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, 156-0057, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, Kumamoto, 862-0970, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Arai
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
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Martin-Morales A, Arakawa T, Sato M, Matsumura Y, Mano-Usui F, Ikeda K, Inagaki N, Sato K. Development of a Method for Quantitation of Glyceraldehyde in Various Body Compartments of Rodents and Humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13246-13254. [PMID: 34702032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is limited information available about the physiological content of glyceraldehyde, a precursor of toxic advanced glycation end products. The conventional derivatization method for aldoses using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone did not allow reproducible quantification of glyceraldehyde due to the instability of glyceraldehyde compared to other aldoses. We optimized the derivatization condition to achieve high and reproducible recovery of derivatives for liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry quantification. Based on the stability of glyceraldehyde during sample preparation and high recovery of spiked standard, the present method provides reproducible quantification of glyceraldehyde in the body. The glyceraldehyde contents in fasting conditions in the rodent liver (mice: 50.0 ± 3.9 nmol/g; rats: 35.5 ± 4.9 nmol/g) were higher than those in plasma (9.4 ± 1.7 and 7.2 ± 1.2 nmol/mL). The liver glyceraldehyde levels significantly increased after food consumption (p < 0.05) but remained constant in the plasma. High fat diet feeding significantly increased plasma glyceraldehyde levels in mice (p < 0.005). In healthy human volunteers, the plasma glyceraldehyde levels remained unchanged after the consumption of steamed rice. In patients with type 2 diabetes, the plasma glyceraldehyde level was positively correlated with the plasma glucose level (r = 0.84; p < 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Martin-Morales
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Kyoto 606 8054, Japan
| | - Takanori Arakawa
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Kyoto 606 8054, Japan
| | - Mona Sato
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Kyoto 606 8054, Japan
| | - Yasuki Matsumura
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611 0011, Japan
| | - Fumika Mano-Usui
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Kyoto 606 8507, Japan
| | - Kaori Ikeda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Kyoto 606 8507, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Kyoto 606 8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Sato
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Kyoto 606 8054, Japan
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Aldose reductase inhibitory activity of compounds from Zea mays L. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:727143. [PMID: 23586057 PMCID: PMC3613087 DOI: 10.1155/2013/727143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) inhibitors have a considerable therapeutic potential against diabetes complications and do not increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Through bioassay-guided fractionation of an EtOH extract of the kernel from purple corn (Zea mays L.), 7 nonanthocyanin phenolic compounds (compound 1-7) and 5 anthocyanins (compound 8-12) were isolated. These compounds were investigated by rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) inhibitory assays. Kinetic analyses of recombinant human aldose reductase (rhAR) were performed, and intracellular galactitol levels were measured. Hirsutrin, one of 12 isolated compounds, showed the most potent RLAR inhibitory activity (IC(50), 4.78 μ M). In the kinetic analyses using Lineweaver-Burk plots of 1/velocity and 1/substrate concentration, hirsutrin showed competitive inhibition against rhAR. Furthermore, hirsutrin inhibited galactitol formation in rat lens and erythrocytes sample incubated with a high concentration of galactose; this finding indicates that hirsutrin may effectively prevent osmotic stress in hyperglycemia. Therefore, hirsutrin derived from Zea mays L. may be a potential therapeutic agent against diabetes complications.
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